© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 1
Future Network Management Systems: A Centralised Approach
10th December 2015
Web of Cells Workshop, Brussels
Dr Luis(Nando) Ochoa
Senior Lecturer in Smart Distribution Networks
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 2
Outline
Introduction
– Traditional Electricity Networks Smart & Low Carbon
Fully Centralised vs Coordinated Decentralised
– Current Control Philosophy
– Pros and Cons
Examples of Implementations
– Decentralised LV network control (MEA, LoVIA)
– Fully centralised MV-LV network control (Smart Street)
(General) Remarks
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 3
Traditional Electricity Networks
Bulk Generation
Transmission Distribution
Homes, Schools, Shops, Businesses
Fossil fuels, centralised
Unresponsive, well known demand
Good observability and control
Limited T-D coordination
Limited observability and controlNetworks designed for passive customers
“Fit and forget” approach Low asset use
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 4
Smart & Low Carbon
Bulk Generation
Homes, Schools, Shops, Businesses
Renewables have a significant role
Distributed Generation
Medium-scale renewablesControllable
New Service Markets
$
Coordinated T-D operation
Small-scale low carbon technologiesResponsive demand
Local control
Hierarchical control
Customer energy management
Centralised network managementHigh asset utilisation
High renewable harvesting
OptimisationForecasting
Real-time monitoring
Frequency responseNetwork operation
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 5
Current Control Philosophy (Distribution)
Grid Supply Point (GSP)
No control of LV and part of MV
Bulk Supply Point (BSP)
Primary Sub
DNO Control Room
OLT
C
Swit
ches
OLT
C
OLTCs Coordinated Decentralised Control
Secondary Sub
Centralised Monitoring and ControlReconfiguration Manual (Remote)
Voltage Decentralised (Fixed Targets)
OLT
C
Swit
ches
Reconfiguration Manual (Local)Voltage Off-load taps
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 6
Fully Centralised vs. Coordinated Decentralised
Fully Centralised
– Opportunity for holistic ‘optimisation’
– Full flexibility
– Increased reliance on monitoring/comms
– Increased complexity due to scale
– High deployment time
Coordinated Decentralised
– More localised ‘optimisation’ (static areas)
– Flexibility exists to centrally react to problems
– Less centralised monitoring/comms
– Less complexity due to reduced scale
– Less deployment time
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 7
Decentralised LV Network Control 1/2
EA-SSE “My Electric Avenue” Project
Dr Jairo Quiros (Post-Doc)
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 8
Transformer
11/0.4 kVPLC
Substation
Infrastructure Overview
ROLEC* charging point
+
EA TechnologyIntelligent Control Box
Real 500kVA
Transformer
* http://www.rolecserv.com/
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 9
Transformer
11/0.4 kVPLC
Infrastructure Overview
Control Hub: Secondary Substation
No coordination with control room or MV
Sensors and actuators at EV charging points
PLC-like device at substations
(control hub)
Power Line Carrier-based
communications
(bi-directional)
Sensors (V, I) head of feeders
Violations in the thermal limits Significant
voltage drops
J. Quiros, L.F. Ochoa, S.W. Alnaser, T. Butler, "Control of EV charging points for thermal and voltage management of LV networks," IEEE Trans, on Power Systems, 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2468062
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 10
Decentralised LV Network Control 2/2
ENWL “Low Voltage Integrated Solution (LoVIA)” Project
Dr Chao Long (Past Post-Doc)
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 11
OLTC-Fitted LV Transformer
LV distribution transformer (11/0.4kV) equipped with OLTC
– 9 Taps, +/- 8%, 2% per step
MR OLTC in Leicester Ave
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 12
Voltage Control at the Busbar
OLTC-Fitted Transformer
TAPCON230 RTU
MCU MCU MCU
Logic
Control Hub: Secondary Substation
Coordination with MV OLTCs but no link with control room
C. Long, L.F. Ochoa, "Voltage control of PV-rich LV networks: OLTC-fitted transformer and capacitor banks," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2494627
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 13
Fully Centralised MV-LV Network Control
ENWL “Smart Street”
Mr Luis Gutierrez (PhD Student)
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 14
Normal operation of LV networks
V
253
216
V
Fuse Fuse
Manual Switch(NOP)
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 15
V
Effects of LCTs in LV networks
V
253
216
VV
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 16
V
LV Active Voltage Control
253
216
VV
X
LYNX
X
WEEZAP WEEZAP
Cap
Capacitors help to bring back V in highly loaded feeders
Interconnection helps flattening voltages
V
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 17
Voltage Control on MV and LV networks
Optimal Voltage Management
Spectrum
HV OLTC
MV OLTC
MV OLTC
WEEZAPs
LYNXLYNX
MV Cap
LV Cap
MV Breaker
WEEZAPs
Comms
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 18
Energy Reduction (CVR)
Lower energy bills
More LCTs
Lower voltages at customer sites
X
LYNX
X
WEEZAP WEEZAP
Cap
V
253
216
V
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 19
Smart Street in Numbers
6 Primary Substations
• 11 MV feeders
• 7 MV capacitors
38 Secondary Substations
• 163 LV feeders
• 84 LV capacitors
• 5 LV OLTCs
• 80x3 LYNXs
• 163x3 WEEZAPs
~67,500 customers
www.kelvatek.com
First fully centralised MV/LV network management and automation system in GB
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 20
Coordinated? Hierarchical? ‘Optimal’ Control
(Some) Questions
– Network areas?
– What about other LCTs being controlled?
– Hybrid optimisation?
– Control cycles?
– Interactions among voltage levels?
– Visibility / data accuracy?
– How can aggregation be managed without a holistic view?
Master Controller
HV NMS HV NMS
LV NMS LV NMS LV NMS LV NMS
Setp
oin
ts
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
33kV
11kV
LV
Master Controller
MV NMS MV NMS
LV NMS LV NMS LV NMS LV NMSSetp
oin
ts
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
Control cycle ??
33kV
11kV
LV
S.W. Alnaser, L.F. Ochoa, "Advanced network management systems: A risk-based AC OPF approach," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol 30, no 1, p 409-418, Jan. 2015, 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2320901
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 21
(General) Remarks
Distribution networks are currently managed in a centralised way but with coordinated decentralised elements
– Coordination with local solutions is a natural approach to DNOs
– Fully centralised approaches are seriously considered to achieve a holistic optimisation
Complexity will increase with more controllable elements and the need for more flexibility
– Computational/data complexity shouldn’t be an issue in 20 years
Towards DSOs Centralised approaches can (perhaps)
ensure better coordination for the provision of services
– Aggregators of generation, demand, storage
– DSO services to TSO
© 2015 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester Web of Cells Workshop, Dec 2015 22
Thanks for your attention!
Questions?
