GATEWAY TO SPACE FALL 2010DESIGN DOCUMENT · Web viewThe balloonsat Monstar will travel to an...

GATEWAY TO SPACE FALL 2010

DESIGN DOCUMENT

Team Space Jam

Written by:Ben Azlein

Bridget ChasePaul GuerrieTaylor King

Shane MeikleMegan Scheele

James Usherwood

4 October 2010Revision 1

GATEWAY TO SPACE FALL 2010DESIGN DOCUMENT

September 16, 2010

Revision Log

Revision Description DateA/B Conceptual and Preliminary Design Review 10-05-10

C Critical Design Review 11-02-10D Analysis and Final Report 12-04-10

Table of Contents

GATEWAY TO SPACE FALL 2010DESIGN DOCUMENT 2


September 16, 2010

1.0 Mission Overview

2.0 Requirements Flow Down

3.0 Design

4.0 Management

5.0 Budget

6.0 Test Plan and Results

7.0 Expected Results

1.0 Mission Overview:



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- The balloonsat Monstar will travel to an altitude of approximately 30 kilometers while taking pictures while rotating 360 degrees in the x and the y planes. (The camera will be rotating vertically, as the balloonsat rotates horizontally) The balloonsat will also record temperature, pressure, humidity and the direction the camera is facing.

- Our mission will focus on the controlled mechanical rotation of our camera to provide a foundation that can be built upon for other scientific experiments. For example, the controlled rotation of the balloonsat could be used to record temperature in every direction. An analysis of this data could be used to find heat and temperature trends relative to position.

- Taking pictures while rotating 360 degrees in the x and y plane will serve many purposes. First and foremost a picture of the entire Earth from 30 kilometers will be obtained from the many pictures that the balloonsat takes. This picture will serve as a visual representation of data being collected in every direction relative to the balloonsat.

- The balloonsat Monstar will discover the plausibility of controlling the attitude of a balloon satellite dedicated to a scientific experiment which is heavily dependant on the position of the satellite. From analysis of our pictures we will be able to see what design improvements could be made to more efficiently control the attitude of our balloonsat.

2.0 Requirements Flow Down- Below is our flow down chart where our basic requirements are described and explained.

Every objective requirement (O) is taken directly from our mission statement (MS). The objective requirement is then discussed in more detail in the following levels, which can be traced back to the objective requirements. The subsystems requirements shall describe how our hardware is used to achieve our mission statement, while being tied to previous requirements.

Level # Detail Derived From

Basic RequirementsO 1 The Balloonsat shall ascend/descend to an altitude of 30

kilometers over a period of 2.5 hours on November 6.MS

O 2 The BalloonSat shall not exceed a mass of 850 grams. MS

O 3 The expenses of the balloonsat shall not exceed $300. MS

O 4 The balloonsat shall measure the interior and exterior temperature in Celsius throughout the flight.

MS

O 5 The attitude of the BalloonSat shall be measured relative MS



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to the camera in degrees off of magnetic north.O 6 The inside of the BalloonSat shall be kept above a

temperature -10° CelsiusMS

O 7 The Balloonsat shall fly a camera to take picture throughout the flight.

MS

O 8 The Balloonsat shall rotate the camera in the y-axis plane, to combine with the natural x-plane rotation of the flight.

MS

Level 1System RequirementsS 1 The Balloonsat shall have a tube through the center to

attach the 2.4m Dacron flight string of the helium balloon.

O1

S 2 The Balloonsat shall survive the severe temperatures throughout the flight, and the landing at the end of the flight.

O6

S 3 The structure shall protect all subsystems contained in the balloonsat.

O1

S 4 A Digital Compass shall be used to record the orientation of the camera on the BalloonSat relative to magnetic north.

O5

S 5 A HOBO data logger shall be used to record internal and external temperature of the balloonsat

O4

S 6 A mass budget and a monetary budget shall be created. O2,O3S 7 A servo shall be programmed to rotate the camera 180◦

back and forth.O5

S 8 A system of heaters and insulation shall be used to maintain an internal temperature above -10° Celsius.

O8

S 9 The servo and the system of heaters shall be wired to a switch for easy use before launch.

O7

S 10 A Canon A570IS Digital camera shall be flown. O7S 11 The BalloonSat shall contain its own power for the entire

flight.O1

S 12 All tests, design changes, and construction shall be completed prior to November 6 launch date

O1

S 13 The camera will be mounted outside the balloonsat for possible rotation.

O8

Level 2Subsystem Requirements



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SS 1 The BalloonSat structure shall consist of foam core. S3SS 2 All components shall be secured down in the box so not

to be damaged during flight/landing.S3

SS 3 The camera will be protected by a glass casing attached to the tripod attachment of the camera.

S13

SS 4 The balloonsat shall bear the U.S.A. flag with contact information on the outside in case of separation from the flight string.

S3

SS 5 A system of ball bearings and the servo will be used to facilitate the smooth rotation of the camera.

S7

SS 6 A heating circuit shall be used with three 9V batteries. S8SS 7 The balloonsat will be insulated with the provided

insulation foam and styrafoam.S8

SS 8 A Digital Compass shall be calibrated to measure the orientation of the BalloonSat

S4

SS 9 A Basic Stamp II module shall control the digital compass and the servo, and store their data.

S4,S7

3.0 Design:− The balloon sat structure will be a cube with a small rectangular prism cut out of it. A smaller cube with the camera inside of it will be embedded in this space so it is free to rotate with the help of two servos. The structure of both containers will be primarily foam core. They will be created with one sheet of foam core that is cut into connected squares and then folded up, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the foam core. The corners will be reinforced with hot glue and aluminum tape to preserve the structure strength and help with maintaining insulation. The two cubes will be attached to the arms of the servos.− Through the center of the satellite will be a PVC pipe, 5 millimeters in diameter. Through this pipe will run the cord, which connects Monstar balloon sat to the balloon and other balloon sats. The cord will be 2.5 millimeters in diameter and will be knotted above and below the balloon sat to insure the satellite does not "slip." By using the tube, we will be able to provide insulation on the interior of the satellite using the provided foam insulation. There will be no attempt to reduce friction between the cord and the balloon sat because the friction is needed to rotate the balloon sat in the x-plane. This way, we will be able to get pictures from 360 degrees. The estimated rotation of the balloon sat is about 10 rotations per minute based on previous balloon sat data.− The smaller cube will be a cube with one open side to allow the camera to take pictures. The smaller cube will be 5.8 cm x 8.4 cm x 10.8 cm. The only thing in this cube will be the camera and insulation. The smaller cube will then be connected to the main body of the satellite by two servos on either side which will rotate the camera 180 degrees back and fourth. This will prevent our camera from taking pictures of our satellite as it rotates. We don’t want our camera taking pictures of our satellite because



September 16, 2010

we are collecting data in a panoramic area around our satellite, we don’t need any of the satellite itself.− On the inside of our balloon sat there will be a 2.5 cm layer of Styrofoam and all electrical components will have tight fitting compartments carved into the Styrofoam which will provide protection from vibration and shock and also provide insulation. Once all items are packed in Styrofoam the empty center of the satellite will be packed with more Styrofoam creating a solid cube of Styrofoam that has electrical components on the eastern wall of our satellite.− The camera inside the smaller cube will be mounted by taking advantage of the threaded hole on the bottom of the camera meant for tripods. A screw inserted in that hole will connect to a tight fitting covering made of foam core surrounded by Styrofoam. The covering will be protection for landing, vibrations and shocks. It will also insulate the camera.− To connect the small box there will be two servos on either side of the camera so that the camera is facing away from the balloon sat. The servos themselves will be what connects the smaller box to the larger box and also what causes the smaller box containing the camera to spin. For safety there will also be tether connecting the smaller box to the larger box. This will make sure that in the event of the connection between the servos and the camera box failing, the camera box will still stay connected to the large box. At the end of the motion arm (the part that spins) of the servo we will attach this end directly to the foam core surrounding the camera with hot glue.− To heat our balloon sat we will use one heater. The camera box will not have a heater in it, instead it will just be insulated tightly with Styrofoam and air tight. The heater will be in the center the satellite and will be surrounded by electrical components. The heater will essentially be placed right next to the majority of our electrical components to ensure the functionality of said components during the entirety of the mission.− For ease of explaining specific positioning we will assume the center of the large box is the origin and that the camera is 11cm on the positive x-axis. The center of the left wall of foam core (the wall opposing the camera) will be -6cm on the x-axis. The far wall, (upper wall from above view) will be 6cm on the positive z-axis and the wall opposing that will be -6cm on the z-axis. As mentioned earlier all walls will be covered by 2.5cm of Styrofoam that will be used as a harness for all electrical equipment. The HOBO(1) will be positioned at the coordinate (-4.5cm, 3cm). The timing circuit for the two servos will be at the coordinate (6.6cm, -2cm). The PVC pipe that the flight string will go through will be at the coordinate (1cm, 0cm). The servos will be located at (10cm, - 7.5cm) and (10cm, 7.5cm).



September 16, 2010

Functional Block Diagram:

Diagram 1:

Diagram 2:


2 AA Batteries

Switch 1

Camera

2 GB Memory3 9V

BatteriesSwitch 2

Heater

Solar Panels (12)Backup Batteries (15V)

Switch 3

Basic Stamp

Servos

Barometer

Digital Compass

HOBO

External TempInternal TempHumidity


September 16, 2010

Yellow- HOBOPurple- BatteriesLight Blue- Micro ControllerRed- HeaterGreen- Digital CompassBlack- ServoDark Blue- Camera Box


.114 m .114 m

23 cm

.23 m

.03 m

.14 m

.09 m

.11 m

.23 m

.17 m.23 m.14 m

.03 m

.09 m

.03 m .03 m

.11 m

Stamp/Digital Compass

HOBO

Heater

Batteries


September 16, 2010

Diagram 3:

4.0 Management:Management will be presided over by Bridget. She has devised the budget plan and time schedule and will be in charge of enforcing them. While it is technically her job to make sure we don’t overspend our budget, each team member is personally responsible to keep time, budget and material constraints in mind when building and testing the balloonsat.

- Schedule:09/16 Proposal Due/ Conceptual Design Presentation Due09/21 Order Hardware/ ATP Appointment09/21 Team Meeting (TM)09/23 TM09/28 TM09/30 TM10/05 Critical Design Review10/05 Design Document Rev. A/B Due10/05 Start Prototype Structure10/07 Critical Design Presentation Due10/07 TM10/09 Prototype Structure Complete10/09 Whip test, drop test and staircase test10/12 TM10/12 Final Design Complete10/14 TM


Team Managers

Ben Paul

Management (Cost, time, weight)Attitude determination and magnetic compass

Structure MechanicalProgramming/HOBO Organization of Satellite

Bridget Megan Jamie Shane Taylor


September 16, 2010

10/19 TM10/19 Subsystem construction complete10/21 TM10/25 Balloonsat construction complete10/26 Pre-launch Inspection10/26 TM10/28 In Class Mission Simulation10/28 TM11/02 Design Document Rev C and LRR Slides Due11/02 TM11/04 TM11/05 Final Balloonsat Weigh In and Turn In.11/06 Launch11/09 TM11/16 TM11/30 Final Presentations Due12/04 Design Document Rev D Due12/04 Design Expo12/07 Balloonsat Hardware Turn In

Organizational Chart

Team Descriptions:Ben Azlein – Ben is from Thornton, Colorado. He did the International

Baccalaureatem(IB) program in high school, and designed and fabricated a functioning jet engine for his Personal Project during the program. He has



September 16, 2010

been learning engineering related concepts and ideas even as far back as his Lego days. He has a fascination with structures and all of the concepts and ideas involved in building a spacecraft. He is enthusiastic about everything related to space (especially human spaceflight) and is motivated and willing to devote everything necessary to Team Space Jam. Contact him at (303)-718-9772, and you can find him in Aden Hall room 218.

Bridget Chase – Bridget is from Colorado Springs, Colorado. She took PLTW courses throughout high school and has also worked on several engineering projects. She has knowledge of electronics and creative ideas to make Space Jam’s balloonsat original and unique. She hopes to use her experience to help create a balloonsat that will perform to the standards of Team Space Jam. Contact her at (719)-351-4403, and you can find her in Aden Hall room 126.

Paul Guerrie – Paul is from Parker, Colorado. He has been interested in human space flight for a very long time. He also has an extensive hands-on background in many engineering projects based classes. He is ready to help manage, run and contribute to the team with a good leadership background and the motivation to make anything happen. Paul would be happy to answer any questions and is accessible at (303)-999-6338 or at 9002 Buckingham Hall, Boulder, Colorado, 80310.

Taylor King – Taylor, a soccer player and peer counselor, from Standley Lake High School in Westminster, Colorado. She is an Aerospace Engineering major at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Taylor joins Team Space Jam excited to gain experience and build a balloonsatellite. Her phone number is (303)-916-8288, living on the second floor of Darley North, room 234, in Boulder, Colorado, 80310.

Shane Meikle – Hailing from Los Angeles, California, Shane is joining the team with his down to earth attitude, ready to get work done. Shane brings a background of teamwork from 14 years of soccer. He is ready to work and negotiate with his other team members to get the mission complete. He is able to answer any questions about the mission at (310)-773-1580. You can also find him in the basement of Baker Hall at 9097 Baker Hall, Boulder, CO 80310.

Megan Scheele – While a rookie at satellite building, Megan comes in from Westminster, Colorado with an IB diploma and an impressive background in building trebuchets, bottle rockets and impenetrable snow forts. A freshman in Aerospace Engineering, Megan looks to help propel Team Space Jam to the stars. Able to answer any questions about the team or project, she welcomes all calls at 303-895-8095. If written or face-to-face communication is easier, she can be found in room E134 at 9117 Andrews Hall, Boulder CO 80310

Jamie Usherwood – Jamie is originally from Springfield, Illinois. Jamie was an officer in Aviation Exploring Post 731 based out of the Springfield Airport. Jamie has also logged time flying as well as been introduced to certain mechanical components of aircraft at the Oshkosh Airventure Aviation Show. Jamie has prior knowledge in software programming and electrical



September 16, 2010

components. He may be reached at (217)622.5445. Jamie’s dorm room and address are 221 at 9030 Cockerell Hall, Boulder CO 80310.

Safety: The safety of the team is a high concern, therefore every member will use such

precautions such as gloves and safety goggles. It will also be mandatory for each team member to be fully trained on any equipment they are using. When using equipment, there will always be more than one team member present to insure safety. During testing, such as whip testing and drop testing, team members will maintain a 5 meter distance from the satellite unless directly involved in the testing. When handling the dry ice used for freeze testing, proper gloves and cooler will be used. Most importantly, each team member is personally responsible to use common sense when building and testing to protect his/herself and the other team members.

5.0 Budget:Budget management wil be presided over by Bridget. She will be the liaison between the team and Chris.

Mass Budget:Item Mass (g)HOBO 30Canon A570IS Digital Camera 200

Heater Systems (2) 100 (each)Solar Panels (6) 4.54 (each)Servo Motor (2) 13 (each)Digital Compass 5Barometer 1Switches 5 (each)Structure Weight 104Micro Controller 5Reserve Battery 45Remaining Mass 191.76

Budget Management: ($300)

Item Price CompanyCamera Provided ProvidedHOBO Provided Provided2 GB Memory Card Provided ProvidedHeater Provided ProvidedBatteries Bought by team members DuracellFoam Core(140mm x 140mm x 10mm)

Provided Provided

Solar Panels (6) $2.65 (each)$15.90 (total)

Silicon Solar



September 16, 2010

Servo Motors (2) Donated ITLL ShopSwitches (3) $4.00 (each) Radio ShackDigital Compass $150.00 SparkFunBarometer $40.00 SparkFunStyrofoam RecycledTotal $236.80

6.0 Test Plan and ResultsTest Plan

− There will be multiple tests on each subsystem individually and then combined in final tests. The tests administered will be drop tests, whip tests, freeze tests, condensation tests, staircase tests, compass test, motor test, and camera test. These tests will be administered with rocks inside our prototype satellite in order to simulate mass inside of our satellite. By putting rocks of the exact mass that will simulate our camera at the front and for our other components we will be able to determine the center of gravity for the placement of the string through our satellite.

− The drop test will consist of dropping the balloon sat off of a balcony or second story to the ground below to test structure endurance both generally and for landing. By doing this test, we will be able to make adjustments to the structure to ensure maximum stability and strength. This test will also allow for us to see how our components may be affected during landing, so we can make proper adjustments to strengthen these specific areas.

− For the whip test, a cord will be threaded through the balloon sat and then a team member will vigorously swing the satellite around on it, in order to emulate flight. This will test the integrity of the PVC pipe and opening in the balloon sat that are crucial to the satellite remaining on the balloon cord. The rocks inside our prototype satellite will simulate our mass of our components and this test will allow us to test how our components need to be fastened. Such as how our servo motors will be attached to our satellite.

− A freeze test will be administered to the subsystems to check that all systems can work with the cold temperatures to be expected. Condensation tests will be done in accordance with the freeze tests to ensure that no condensation will prevent electronics from working, and to make sure that the camera has a clear opening to take pictures from. This will also be used to check the thermodynamics subsystem. The freeze test will also test the functionality of our servo motors. The motors are only able to operate efficiently above -10° C. By running our servo motors in the freeze test, our team can determine specific insulation changes that may need to be made in order to maintain the servo motor’s functionality throughout our flight.

− For the staircase test, the balloon sat will be rolled down a staircase. This will test the structure of the satellite and simulate landing. By doing this test with the correct mass inside our prototype, we will be able to determine if structural reinforcements may be needed for our subsystems in order to ensure a successful retrieval of data.

− The compass and motor tests will be run in order to test if the compass will receive accurate readings and the motor will work properly in rigorous conditions. This test will require spinning the satellite about a rope. The camera test will take place in order to check that the time intervals that the camera is taking pictures and compare it to the



September 16, 2010

spinning velocity of the motors to make sure we can accurately only take pictures of the environment around us instead of taking pictures of the satellite itself, which is not needed.

7.0 Excepted ResultsIn Team Space Jam’s mission, we will be using servo step motors in order to put our

camera into motion in the y-plane. Throughout this time we will also be collecting data of temperature in humidity inside and outside of our satellite using the HOBO. Our servo motors will be in constant rotation during flight spinning in the y-plane, while our satellite is naturally spinning in the x-plane due to the string.

Our team hopes to create a full panoramic picture of the earth through our experiment. Our design can hopefully be used in future scientific experiments to allow measurements in 360º. In order to figure out the exact orientation of our camera for every picture taken, we will be syncing our camera with a digital compass and matching the time stamps of the digital compass with our camera. We also hope to take accurate pictures of the earth in the y-plane by using our servo motors. Our team will create a timed program in order to ensure that the camera only takes pictures of the area and earth beneath and around our satellite instead of the satellite itself.

If our experiment is successful, we hope to have plenty of accurate pictures in a total 360º in the x-plane and the y-plane to edit together and create a full panoramic picture of the view from our satellite. If our results are correct, they will allow us to understand if our subsystems and mechanics worked properly throughout the duration of the flight. This surplus of pictures will prove the success of our design. This would allow potential scientific research experiments in the future to replace the camera with a scientific instrument to record data in a 360º plane.

7.2 Data RetrievalFor the data retrieval of Team Space-jam’s project monstar, it is important to note that

our camera and microcontroller (which controls our digital compass) are activated by switches. When we turn these switches on before launch, our team will record the exact time that they were turned on, thus we will be able to match the data from the gps, our microcontroller and our camera. This will allow us to give every single picture we have a specific orientation and altitude. This is crucial for putting our photos together for a panoramic picture after the flight. In order to retrieve our data we will have our systems (camera and microcontroller with digital compass) continuously recording data during the flight and we will simply turn off the switches after we find our satellite. Afterwards we will be able to download all of our data that we got during the flight to a computer and begin patching all of the data (altitude/orientation) together and connecting it to the photos.


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