EU, Brussels

June, 2010

EU Green Week 2010

GEF CONTRIBUTION to HEALTHY

ECOSYSTEMS –BASED

APPROACHES for ADAPTATION to &

MITIGATION of CLIMATE CHANGE

1

Mission of the GEFProvide Grants for the Incremental Costs of

achieving Global Environmental Benefits in

support of sustainable development in 6 focal

areas:• Biological Diversity

• Climate Change

• International Waters

• Land Degradation

• Ozone Layer Depletion

• Persistent Organic Pollutants

(POPs)

CBD

UNFCC

POPS

CCD

GEF

SECRETARIAT

COUNCIL

DONORS

Multilateral

Fund of

Montreal

Protocol

WB

ADB

UNIDO

FAO

IAs

UNEP

EBRD

IFAD

IDB

AfDB

UNDP

NGOs

International

Waters

GEF Organizational Chart

Private

Sector

EOSTAP

CEO / CHAIRMAN

ASSEMBLY

39 Donor Countries: U.S. 22.4%,

Japan 22.2%, Germany 16.7%,

France 11%, UK 11%

To date, GEF has disbursed about

$9.2 Billion and leveraged over $40

Billion in co-financing to over 165

developing countries

GEF Funding

Record 5th Replenishment of the GEF Fund: Donors

pledge $4.25 billion for environmental sustainability in

developing countries

Lower CO2 emissions; expand sustainable management

of protected areas and critical landscapes;

Strengthen multi-state cooperation on trans-boundary

water systems management;

Reduce persistent organic pollutants in land and water;

reduce mercury emissions,

Expand and protect the Earth’s forest cover.

Focus on strategic investments to achieve higher and

multiple environmental benefits impact

Multi-Focal Areas –to Integrate BD, IW, CC

(Mitigate& Adapt), LD, and Persistent Organic

Pollutants – CTI, PAS

GEF-5 Priorities

Role of Healthy Ecosystems in Moderating CC

It is More than Just Carbon Maintaining or improving the ability of forests and oceans

to absorb carbon is a crucial aspect of reducing emissions.

Green or Blue Forests CONSERVATION as we are

reminded from the forest experience & the move from

REDD to REDD+, is not all about carbon..

Forest & Marine Ecosystems should be considered not

only for their potential to store & sequester carbon but also

for all the other services they provide

Forests provide essential ecosystem such as watershed

protection, water flow regulation, nutrient recycling, rainfall

generation &disease regulation

Coastal ecosystems are the basis of the world’s primary

fishing grounds, & are crucial for filtering water; reducing

effects of coastal pollution, nutrient loading &

sedimentation; & buffering the impacts of extreme weather

& erosion

6

Role of Healthy Forests Ecosystems Forests cover about 4 billion hectares or 30% of the

world's total land area. About 21% of forests are still intact.

~13 million ha are lost every year. Deforestation contributes

about 18% of global GHG emissions - more than the

transport sector

Forests provide a wide range of environmental services,

including BD conservation, water supply, carbon

sequestration, flood control, & protection against soil

erosion and desertification

Forests contain about 80% of terrestrial BD

More than 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their

livelihoods

About 10 million people are employed in forest

management and conservation

In 2004, forest products accounted for US$327 billion, or

3.7% of international trade7

Role of Healthy Ocean Ecosystems Coastal/Marine Ecosystems provide nutrition for about 3

billion people, & 50% of animal protein & minerals to 400

million people in LDCs

$70 billion in annual international trade of marine fisheries

products stem from the oceans

Coastal ecosystems filter water; reduce effects of coastal

pollution, nutrient loading & sedimentation; and buffer impacts

of extreme weather and erosion

Half the carbon emitted, which is sequestered by nature, can

be attributed to marine ecosystems, and Earth’s temperature

is regulated by these ecosystems

The marine environment is under significant & increasing

stress – e.g. from the impact of extractive industries, pollution,

overfishing, & elevated carbon dioxide levels resulting in

ocean acidification. These stresses curtail the efficiency of

oceans role as climate moderator and provider of essential

services8

TRENDS

Higher Temperature

Higher Acidity

Rising Coastal Populations

Rising Coastal Industries

Increased Pollution from terrestrial and marine activities

Overfishing

CONSEQUENCES

Rising Sea Levels

Diminished Effectiveness in Regulating Earth’s

Climate leading to increased frequency & intensity of

coastal floods, hurricanes, typhoon, tsunamis

Reduction in Marine BD & Productivity (e.g.

ecosystem services) and Shifts in Distribution of

Species 9

RESPONSES

1. Advancing Management of Ecosystems &

Integrated Approaches in the Context of CC

Ecosystems Management + Science are Key Elements of a National CC Strategy

Some Adaptation Occurring Now – but on a Limited Basis

Integrate a Portfolio of Adaptation and Mitigation Measures to Curtail Risks Associated with CC

Scaling Up is Far from Easy

Challenge:

1. Increase the Number and Impact of Adaptation Projects

2. Increase Mitigation Measures, curtailing sources of Disequilibrium

3. Integrate Adaptation and Mitigation Measures10

2. Get the Science Right & Economic Valuation of

Ecosystems

Make the Business Case for the conservation of forests & coastal/marine ecosystems measured against unsustainable conversion or extinction of ecosystems

Assign Monetary Value to the services provided by ecosystems : e.g. watershed protection; carbon sequestration; BD, water, food supply; etc.

Carbon Sequestration:

1. Develop, & reach scientific consensus on, carbon accounting methodology to underpin further action

2. Develop Financing Mechanisms for green & blue carbon credits, trading, & offsets systems-including exploring potential use of a performance-based REDD+ mechanism

11

Healthy well-managed forests can

provide important environmental

services, including water supply

& protection against soil erosion

14

Healthy Oceans Critical in Capturing

Blue Carbon

Ocean Carbon Storage Pumps Store Permanently Up to 71% of All Carbon Stored in Oceans

≈ Near Half of the Traffic Emissions

Mangroves Sea Grass

Salt Marshes

16

Ocean Blue Carbon Pumps Disappearing Faster Than Any Other Ecosystem and May Be Lost in 2 Decades

Blue Forests: Mangroves

One of the most unique ecosystems on Earth

as they thrive where no other trees can survive

– the transition between the ocean and the

land.

Healthy Mangroves

Buffer zone between ocean & land – coastal

protection

Shelter & food source for aquatic & terrestrial

organisms

Carbon Sinks : Indications are that these habitats

sequester more carbon on a unit basis than

rainforests and can contribute to climate change

mitigation 17

Continue...

CTI - 60,000 km2 of coastal area estimated to

support carbon burial of ~8.3 million tons of CO2

annually (Spalding et al. 2001),

Columbia - More than 2,000 sq km of significant

corals, mangroves and sea grass beds legally

protected within a system of 4 large MPAs

India – More than 3,401 sq km of mangroves

Indonesia: facilitate Protection of 2,085 ha of

mangrove forest in the Cobanos area.

South China Sea & Guinea Current LMEs

Future: Scale-up Coastal Protection of SE Asia

(Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Vietnam)

and Africa. 18

Examples of Multiple

Global Environmental

Benefits Programs

19

1. The GEF-4 SFM Program

Open to all GEF beneficiary countries with

forests that can create globally important

environmental benefits

Goal: Sustainable management of forests

to achieve multiple global benefits

GEF resources: $433 million

BD: $335 million; CC: $50 million; LD: $48

million

Tropical Forest Account: $40 million GEF

pilot in REDD+ 20

2. Pacific Alliance for Sustainability

Program (PAS)

Countries: Cook Islands, Federated States of

Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,

Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea (PNG),

Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Tonga,

Tuvalu and Vanuatu

Goal: to Contribute to Sustainable Development in

the Pacific Islands through Improvements in

Natural Resource and Environmental Management

GEF Resources: US$99.8 million: BD: $39.2M;CC

Adaptation: $28.4M;CC Mitigation: $18.2M;IW:

$9M;POPs: $5.1M

Initial Co-financing: $84.1 million

3. The Coral Triangle Initiative ProgramCountries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,

Philippines, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau and Vanuatu. CTI supports:

• 5 Commercial Tuna Species

• The Richest Concentration of Marine Biodiversity

Focus: Conservation of Tuna & Coral Ecosystems & Poverty Alleviation

GEF Resources: US$63.1 million

• BD: $23.5M

• CC Adaptation: $21M

• IW: $18.6M

Initial Co-financing: $382 million

4. GEF Mediterranean Sustainable

Development Program

“Sustainable MED”

Build a better future for the Mediterranean

communities with a focus on sustainable water

resources management - integrating economic

and environmental progress, including

protecting essential ecological services, and

curtailing global warming

Regional Project implemented by UNEP/MAP:

Integration of climatic variability and change into

national strategies to implement the ICZM

Protocol in the Mediterranean (UNEP)23

GEF Adaptation Strategy

Goal: Support developing countries to

increase resilience to climate change

through implementation of adaptation

measures in development policies,

plans, programs, projects and actions

Objectives: Reduce vulnerability and

increase adaptive capacity

Impact: Reduce absolute losses due

to climate change, including variability24

GEF is involved in 3 Adaptation Fund

Mechanisms

UNFCCC Climate Change

Funds

Kyoto Protocol

Adaptation Fund

Special Climate

Change Fund

(SCCF) Top

Priority to

Adaptation

Least

Developed

Country Fund

(LDCF) NAPA

Preparation &

Implementation

•2% Share of the CDM

Proceeds

•GEF provision of

Secretariat Services

•$120M revenue for the

AF as of May 2010

•$300-500M through

2012

Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa LDCF/GEF: $2 Million

CC Vulnerabilities:

Sea Level Rise loss of land and salt intrusion into freshwater loss of livelihood

Increased storm activity flooding, loss of life, crops and infrastructure

Increasing frequencies of climate related health problems

Increasing intensity of both rainfall and drought loss of crops and agricultural productivity↓

Adaptation Actions:

Improvement of health sector capacity

Pilot measures on agriculture and food security

Improving and disseminating seasonal forecasts

Improvement of Early Warning System↓

Outcomes:

Decreased loss of life to tropical disease

Increased food and water security

Decreased loss of life and livelihood from climate disaster events

26

LDCF/SCCF Coastal Adaptation

27

Bangladesh: Community Based Adaptation to

Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation

Cambodia: Vulnerability Assessment and

Adaptation Program for Climate Change in the

Coastal Zone including livelihood improvement &

ecosystems

Djibouti: Reducing Impacts and Vulnerability of

Coastal Productive Systems

Egypt: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile

Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone

Management

Guinea: Increased Resilience and Adaptation to

Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Guinea's

Vulnerable Coastal Zones

Haiti: Strengthening adaptive capacities to

address climate change threats on

sustainable development strategies for

coastal communities

Liberia: Enhancing Resilience of vulnerable

coastal areas to climate change risks

Mexico: Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts

on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico

through Improved Water Resource Management

Tuvalu: Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas

and Community Settlements to Climate Change

Vietnam: Climate-resilient Infrastructure

Planning and Coastal Zone Development in

Vietnam

Yemen: Integrated Coastal Zone Management

in the Gulf of Aden28

Adaptation to Climate Change in the

Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal

Zone Management - SCCF/UNDP

Objective: Integrate the management

of sea level rise risks into the

development of Egypt’s Low Elevation

Coastal Zone (LECZ) in the Nile Delta

$17 M; $4 M SCCF & $13 M co-

financing

29

Egypt Project Components

1. Regulatory Framework and Institutional

Capacity

→ Outcome: Capacity to improve resilience of

coastal settlements and development

infrastructure is strengthened

2. On the Ground Measures

→ Outcome: Innovative and environmentally

friendly adaptation measures enforced in the

framework of Nile Delta ICZM

3. Knowledge Management

→ Outcome: M&E framework and knowledge

management system in place

www.adaptationlearning.net 30

Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa LDCF/GEF amount:: $2 Million

CC Vulnerabilities:

Sea Level Rise loss of land and salt intrusion into freshwater loss oflivelihood

Increased storm activity flooding, loss of life, crops and infrastructure

Increasing frequencies of climate related health problems

Increasing intensity of both rainfall and drought loss of crops and agricultural productivity↓

Adaptation Actions:

Improvement of health sector capacity

Pilot measures on agriculture and food security

Improving and disseminating seasonal forecasts

Improvement of Early Warning System↓

Outcomes:

Decreased loss of life to tropical disease

Increased food and water security

Decreased loss of life and livelihood from climate disaster events

31

EMPOWER PEOPLE

ACCESS to RESOURCES

CONSERVATION

MANGROVES

CC

32

Common Goal: Sustainability of

Marine ResourcesPartners

Countries•Political Will

•Enabling Conditions for

Sustainable PS Investment

•Clear, Transparent, Predictable

Investment Climate

Fishermen

Small-Scale Fisher Folks

Industrial Fisheries

33

Coral Triangle Initiative

6 Governments

Management, Conservation, and Adaptation to Climate

Change of the Coral Ecosystems and Fisheries 34

Private Sector – Driver of Changes

35

36www.thegef.org

Thank You