- 1. Valves Valve types & applications
2. Valve type by function
- STOP VALVES Closed or (wide) open to isolate equipment or
system, or route flow .
- THROTTLE VALVESmay bepartially opened to control (throttle)
flow.
- CHECK VALVES Permit flow in one direction only: open when
upstream pressure is greater than down-stream, closed when
downstream pressure is higher
- STOP-CHECK VALVES Act as stop valve when closed, check valve
when fully opened; may be throttled to control flow (in one
direction)
3. Valve type by function
- REGULATING VALVES (Automatically)control the flow at one
location in a system in response to a signal (flow, temperature,
pressure, level, etc.) from another portion of the system or from a
different system.Includes:
-
- Pressure Regulating Valves
-
- Back-pressure Regulating (unloading) Valves
4. Valve type by function
- RELIEF VALVES (Automatically)open at a predetermined level
above the normal operating pressure to protect system.
- SAFETY VALVES similar to relief valves, but reset at a pressure
below their popping level
5. GATE VALVES
- Stop valvefunction only (closed or wide open)
SEAT DISC BONNET BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDWHEEL YOKE 6. GATE
VALVES
- Disc travel >= diameter of disc
- Little resistance to flow when opened
D h 7. BALL VALVES
- Stop valvefunction only (closed or wide open)
- Suitable for high pressure liquid systems (S.W. valves on
submarines)
BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDLE 8. BALL VALVES
- Open/close with only 90 orotation of handle
- Valve open with handle in line with piping
- Negligible opposition to flow when fully open
9. BUTTERFLY VALVES
- Stop valveorthrottlingfunction
SEAT DISC BODY HANDLE STEM 10. BUTTERFLY VALVES 11. GLOBE
VALVES
- Stop valveorthrottlingfunction
SEAT DISC BONNET BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDWHEEL 12. GLOBE
VALVES
- Stop valve or throttling function
- Valve fully open when annulus area around disc equals inlet
area
D D D h A = Dxh
h =D 4 slack 13. GLOBE VALVES
- Numerous construction forms
14. CHECK VALVES
-
- May be mounted horizontally or vertically
15. STOP-CHECK VALVE
- Closed: functions as a stop valve
- Open: functions like a check valve
h =D 4 slack 16. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
-
- Heat Exchangers, metering & control
devices:inlet&outlet
F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet root V.
burner V. M 17. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
-
- Constant Pressure Regulator
F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet
outlet P M 18. REGULATING VALVES
- Pressure Regulating(Maintain downstream pressure)
-
- Regulated pressureclosing force
- Unloading: Maintain upstream (back) pressure
-
- Regulated pressureopening force
P REG P REG make-up dump 19. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
-
- Constant Pressure Regulator
-
- F.O. Press Regulating Valve
F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet
outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal P P M 20. REGULATING
VALVES
Downward Seating Upward Seating direct acting indirect acting
21. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
-
- Constant Pressure Regulator
-
- F.O. Press Regulating Valve
-
- F.O. Temp Regulating Valve
F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet inlet outlet
outlet inlet outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal inlet
outlet pilot v sensor P P M 22. REGULATING VALVES
23. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
-
- Constant Pressure Regulator
-
- F.O. Press Regulating Valve
-
- F.O. Temp Regulating Valve
F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet inlet outlet
outlet inlet outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal inlet
outlet pilot v sensor P P M 24. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet outlet Comb Contr
(air) signal pilot v sensor P P M 25. Relief & Safety
Valves
- Relief Valvesopen & reset at same pressure
- Safety Valvesreset at pressure below openining (popping)
pressure
26. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet outlet Comb Contr
(air) signal pilot v sensor P P M 27. Piping Pipe & pipe
fittings Tubing & tube fittings 28. Nomenclature:
- Piping refers to any assembly of pipes, tubes, valves, and
fittings that forms all or part of a system for the conveyance of
fluids
- Piperefers to non-flexible fluid conductors designated by
diameter and wall thickness ( strengthorschedule )
- Tubingcan be, and usually is, bent at installation, is more
flexible than pipe, and is designated by nominal outside diameter
and wall thickness
- Fittingsare devices employed to join sections of pipe, tubing
(or hose) in a piping system.
29. Pipe sizes
- Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is approximate inside diameter
ofStandard Pipe(Schedule 40)
-
- OD= 3.5; ID= 3.068 ( wall thickness is 0.216)
-
- OD= 3.5; ID= 2.90 ( wall thickness is 0.300)
-
- OD= 3.5; ID= 2.624 ( wall thickness is 0.438)
3.5 3.0 30. Pipe sizes
- Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) for pipes with O.D.14 is theoutside
diameter
-
- OD= 16; ID= 15.25 ( wall thickness is 0.375)
-
- OD= 16; ID= 15.0 ( wall thickness is 0.500)
-
- OD= 16; ID= 12.88 ( wall thickness is 1.594)
16 15.25 31. Tube sizes
- Outside diameterin inches orsixteenths(#12 tube has an outside
diameter of in., #16 has an outside diameter of 1 inch, etc.)
- Wall thicknessas a decimal (.065 ) or Birmiongham Wire Gauge
(BWG) number (16 BWG = .065, 18 BWG is thinner-walled and 14 BWG is
thicker-walled)
- Copper Tubingis often designated by slightly different
parameters
-
- Nominal size0.125 inches less than the actual outside diameter
(1 copper tubing has an O.D. of 1.125)
-
- Wall thickness-designated by type K, L, or M (with type K the
most robust)
32. Pipe connections
-
- Backing ring removed or ground away after weld
V-groove Backing Ring
33. Pipe connections
-
- American National taper pipe thread (NPT) isNOTthe same as
machine threads on nuts & bolts
External threads are cut with aDIE Internal threads are cut with
aTAP Pipe die set 34. Pipe connections
-
- Flanges may be threaded, welded, or cast integral to pipe
section
35. Pipe connections
GASKET (LP) Rubber, paper, flexible graphite, synthetics, etc.
Bolt Nut Stud GASKET (HP) Metallic,Flexitallic 36. Tube
connections
- Tube installations are never straight runs; deliberate bends
allow for a reduction in length which can occur as the tube is
pressurized
37. Tube connections
-
- At start, brazing alloy in annular slot infittingand flux,
applied totubein clearance area
-
- Tube is heated and expands, flux forced out of clearance area
& braze alloy contacts tube
-
- Fitting is heated and clearance area opens; flux & alloy
flow out
-
- Both tube & fitting are heated; as alloy flows out in
penetrates & bonds surfaces
Brazing Material Flux 38. Tube connections
Flared tube Flaring Tool Body or connector Nut 39. Pipe
fittings
- Welded, brazed, flanged or threaded connections
-
- Threaded connections shown
Internally threadedCAP Externally threadedPLUG 40. Pipe
fittings
- Connecting equally sized pipe sections
Externally threadedNIPPLE Internally threadedCOUPLING 41. Pipe
fittings
- Connecting equally sized pipe sections
-
- Run of piping can be opened without removing large
sections
1 2 3 42. Pipe fittings
- Connectingun -equally sized pipe sections
Externally threaded (larger)& Internally threded (smaller)
reducingBUSHING Internally threadedBELL REDUCERcoupling 43. Pipe
fittings
- Connectingmultiplepipe sections
SIDE-OUTLET TEE REDUCING TEE TEE CROSS Y-BEND(Y-Branch)
SIDE-OUTLET ELBOW 44. Pipe fittings
ELBOW STREET ELBOW (street-EL) U-BEND(Return Bend) RETURN BEND
with BACK-OUTLET
-
- Reducing Side-outlet Elbow
45. Tube fittings
- Same variety as for pipe, outfitted for either flare or brazing
connection