Gene Roddenberry - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Gene Roddenberry

Roddenberry in 1976

Born Eugene Wesley Roddenberry

August 19, 1921

El Paso, Texas, U.S.

Died October 24, 1991 (aged 70)

Santa Monica, California, U.S.

Cause of death Heart failure

Residence Bel Air, Los Angeles, California

Other names Robert Wesley

Education Franklin High School

Alma mater Los Angeles City College

Occupation Television writer, producer, and

futurist, police officer

Notable work(s) Star Trek, Star Trek: The Next

Generation

Home town Los Angeles, California

Spouse(s) Eileen-Anita Rexroat (194269)

Majel Barrett (1969his death,

1991)

Children 2 daughters

Rod Roddenberry

Military career

Allegiance United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eugene Wesley Roddenberry(August 19, 1921 October

24, 1991) known as Gene Roddenberry was an

American television screenwriter, producer, and futurist. He

created the original Star Trektelevision series and thus the

Star Trekscience fiction franchise. Born in El Paso, Texas,Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, California where his

father worked as a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89

combat missions in the United States Army Air Forces during

World War II, and worked as a commercial pilot after the

war. Later he followed in his father's footsteps and joined the

Los Angeles Police Department to provide for his family, but

began to focus on writing scripts for television.

As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts forHighway

Patrol,Have GunWill Travel, and other series, before

creating and producing his own television series The

Lieutenant. In 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which

premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being

canceled. Syndication of Star Trekled to increasing

popularity, and Roddenberry continued to create, produce,

and consult on the Star Trekfilms and the television series

Star Trek: The Next Generationuntil his death. In 1985 he

became the first TV writer with a star on the Hollywood

Walk of Fame[1]:110and he was later inducted by both the

Science Fiction Hall of Fame[2]and the Academy of

Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Years after his

death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his

ashes carried into space.

The Star Trekfranchise created by Roddenberry has

produced story material for almost five decades; resulting in

six television series consisting of 726 episodes, and twelve

feature films. A thirteenth film is currently in production, and

is expected to be released in 2016.[3]

Additionally, the popularity of the Star Trekuniverse andfilms inspired the parody/homage/cult film Galaxy Questin

1999, as well as many books, video games, and fan films set

in the various "eras" of the Star Trekuniverse.

1 Early life (19211941)

Roddenberry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Rod

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Service/branch United States Army Air

Forces

Years of

service

19411945

Rank Captain

Unit 394th Bombardment Squadron

Battles/wars World War II

Awards Distinguished Flying Cross

2 Military service and civil aviation (19411949)

3 Los Angeles Police Department (19491956)

4 Career

4.1 Early

4.2 Star Trek

4.3 1970s projects

4.4 Star Trekrevival

5 Marriages

6 Religious views

7 Death and legacy

8 Filmography

9 References

10 Further reading

10.1 Cast autobiographies11 External links

Roddenberry was born on August 19, 1921 in El Paso, Texas.[4]His parents were police officer Eugene Edward

Roddenberry and Caroline "Glen" (ne Golemon) Roddenberry.[5]He grew up in Los Angeles and attended

Berendo Junior High School (now Berendo Middle School), before graduating from Franklin High School in

the winter of 1939; he subsequently entered Los Angeles City College that February.

Although Roddenberry ranked at or above the ninetieth percentile in an intelligence test administered as part of

his college entrance examination, he elected to "[stay] true to his roots" and major in the "solidly blue collar"

police science curriculum; as president of the school's Police Club, he liaised with the Federal Bureau of

Investigation.[6]He also developed an interest in aeronautical engineering and obtained a pilot's license through

the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training program.[7]He graduated from Los

Angeles City College with an Associate of Arts degree in police science in 1941, becoming the first member of

his family to earn a college degree.[8]

In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Corps, which in the same year became the United States Army

Air Forces. He began training at Goodfellow Field (now Goodfellow Air Force Base) in San Angelo, Texas

with other Civilian Pilot Training alums and graduated as a second lieutenant in September 1942, Class G.[9]He

flew combat missions in the Pacific Theatre with the "Bomber Barons" of the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th

Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force and on August 2, 1943, Roddenberry was piloting a B-17E

Flying Fortress named the "Yankee Doodle", from Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, when mechanical failure

caused it to crash on take-off. In total, he flew eighty-nine missions for which he was awarded the Distinguished


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Gene RoddenberryLos Angeles Police Department

August 19, 1921 October 24, 1991 (aged 70)

Place of birth El Paso, Texas

Country United States

Years of service 19491956

Rank Sworn in as an Officer 1949;

Police Officer III 1951;

Sergeant I 1953.

Relations Eileen-Anita Rexroat (wife)

Other work LAPD speechwriter, screenwriter,

dramatist, television producer,

creator of Star Trek

Flying Cross and the Air Medal before being honorably discharged at the rank of captain in July 1945.[10]

[11][12]While working on Star Trek, Roddenberry would spend much of his spare time at California's Monterey

Peninsula Airport with a group of aviation enthusiasts who flew World War II fighters.

After the military, Roddenberry worked as a commercial pilot for Pan American World Airways, qualifying for

the Lockheed L-049 Constellation. He received a Civil Aeronautics commendation for his rescue efforts

following the June 1947 crash of Pan Am Flight 121 ("Clipper Eclipse") in the Syrian desert near Mayadine

while on a flight to Istanbul from Karachi.[13]

While based out of Miami, Roddenberry enrolled in three writingclasses at the University of Miami, from which he withdrew with passing grades following his transfer to New

York City in November 1945. During his New York-area sojourn, the Roddenberrys lived in Jamaica, Queens,

and River Edge, New Jersey. He briefly continued his education, taking four writing courses offered by the

Columbia University School of General Studies in the spring and fall of 1946 before withdrawing due to the

demands of his employment in January 1947.

Pursuing a career in Hollywood, Roddenberry left Pan Am in

1949 and returned to Los Angeles. To provide for his family,he joined the Los Angeles Police Department on February 1,

1949. He became a Police Officer III in 1951 and was made a

Sergeant in 1953.[14]Toward the end of his law enforcement

career he became the speech writer for legendary LAPD

Chief William H. Parker. He reputedly based his iconic Star

Trekcharacter Mr. Spock on Parker's very rational and

unemotional behavior.[15]On June 7, 1956, he resigned from

the police force to concentrate on his writing career.[16]In his

brief letter of resignation, Roddenberry wrote:

I find myself unable to support my family at present on

anticipated police salary levels in a manner we

consider necessary. Having spent slightly more than

seven years on this job, during all of which fair

treatment and enjoyable working conditions were

received, this decision is made with considerable and

genuine regret.[16]

Early

While Roddenberry worked for the LAPD, he wrote television scripts under the pseudonym "Robert Wesley"

for the seriesHighway Patroland both the TV and radio versions ofHave GunWill Travel. In 1957, he wrote

an episode for theBoots and Saddleswestern series entitled "The Prussian Farmer". In 1960, he wrote four

episodes of the British (ITC Entertainment) made Australian western Whiplash.

Eventually, Roddenberry's dissatisfaction with his work as a freelance writer led him to produce his own

television program. He came up with many story ideas and other concepts for his new television series that


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Gene Roddenberry (third from the

right) in 1976 with most of the cast of

Star Trekat the rollout of the Space

ShuttleEnterpriseat the Rockwell

International plant at Palmdale,

California, USA

ultimately went unused, among them wereNight Stick,Defiance County, and The Long Hunt of April Savage;

meanwhile, his first attempt,APO 923, was not picked up by the networks, but in 1963, he created and

produced The Lieutenant, which lasted for a single season and was set inside the United States Marine Corps

with Nichelle Nichols starring in the first episode.

Star Trek

Roddenberry developedStar Trek

in 1964, as a combination of the twoscience-fiction series Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon. He sold the

project as a "Wagon Train to the Stars", and it was picked up by Desilu

Studios. Initially, the series was offered to CBS, who turned it down in

favor of their own sci-fi show, Lost In Space. The first TV pilot went

over its budget and garnered only modest approval from NBC, who

demanded several changes (such as removing the female "Number One"

first officer. Roddenberry was told to also "get rid of the guy with the

ears" but dug in and fought to keep the character of Spock on the show).

Nevertheless, the network commissioned a second pilot, which was

unprecedented. The series premiered on September 8, 1966, and ran for

three seasons, but began to receive low ratings. During the final season,Roddenberry left active involvement (retaining his executive producer

title in name only) when the network reneged on its promise for a more

desirable time slot. In 1970, Paramount agreed to sell him all rights to

Star Trek, but Roddenberry could not afford the $150,000 price ($911,000 today).[17]:220

Brannon Braga has said that Roddenberry made it known to the writers of Star Trekand Star Trek: The Next

Generationthat religion and mystical thinking were not to be included, and that in Roddenberry's vision of

Earth's future, everyone was an atheist and better for it.[18]He stubbornly resisted the effort of network execs to

put a Christian chaplain on the crew of theEnterprise. It would be ludicrous, he argued, to pretend that all other

religions would have become obliterated by this point, or that such a cosmopolitan people would impose onegroup's religion on all the rest of the crew.[19]

The series went on to gain popularity through syndication.[20]

1970s projects

Following the cancellation of Star Trek, Roddenberry wrote and produced Pretty Maids All in a Row(1971), a

sexploitation film adapted from the novel written by Francis Pollini and directed by Roger Vadim, for MGM.

The cast included Rock Hudson, Angie Dickinson, Telly Savalas, and Roddy McDowall alongside Star Trek

regular James Doohan and William Campbell (who appeared as a guest in two Star Trekepisodes). It also

featured Gretchen Burrell, the wife of country-rock pioneer Gram Parsons. Despite Roddenberry's expectations,

the film was not a success. In a 2012 Sight & Soundpoll, writer/director Quentin Tarantino ranked Pretty Maids

All in a Rowamong his top twelve favorite films of all time.[21]

In the summer of 1972, at CBS's behest, Roddenberry began work on a pilot for a science-fiction series, Genesis

II, set on a post-apocalyptic Earth. The pilot aired as a TV movie in March 1973. Ratings for the pilot film were

considered substantially high, but CBS felt that a television series based on the immensely popular Planet of the

Apes franchisewould be more profitable, and they declined to commission Genesis IIas a series. In 1974,

Roddenberry reworked the Genesis IIconcept as a second pilot, Planet Earth, for rival network ABC, with


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similar results. Roddenberry was not involved in a third reworking of the material by ABC, Strange New

World.[22](After Roddenberry's death, Robert Hewitt Wolfe reworked the concept into the Canadian/American

television series,Andromeda.)

In 1973 Roddenberry also produced The Questor Tapes, a project that reunited him with his Star Trek

collaborator, Gene L. Coon, who was in failing health at the time. Intended as a pilot for NBC, who ordered

thirteen episodes and tentatively scheduled the series to follow The Rockford Fileson Friday nights,

Roddenberry balked at the substantial changes requested by the network and left the project, leading to its

immediate cancellation. The 100 minute pilot was aired as a television film in 1974. Spectre, a foray into the

occult detective vogue of the era exemplified by Kolchak: The Night Stalker, was produced as a pilot for NBC

in 1977, but did not lead to a series order.

Credited as "executive consultant" and paid $2,500 per episode, Roddenberry was granted full creative control

of Star Trek: The Animated Series(19731974); although he read all scripts and "sometimes [added] touches of

his own," he relinquished most of his authority to de factoshowrunner/associate producer D.C. Fontana.[23]

After Star Trek, Roddenberry said later, he was "perceived as the guy who made the show that was an expensive

flop and I couldn't get work." Faced with a $2,000/month alimony obligation from his 1969 divorce, he began

to largely support himself on the college lecture and science fiction convention circuits at the instigation ofArthur C. Clarke, offering a program that included the Star Trekblooper reel (much to the consternation of

Leonard Nimoy, who felt that Roddenberry's dissemination of the material amounted to private inurement and

constituted a violation of the creative process[24]), a black and white print of the first Star Trekpilot that

included scenes excised from "The Menagerie", and his futurological ruminations.

Star Trekrevival

Following the rapturous commercial reception of Star Wars,Paramount green-lit Star Trek: Phase IIin June

1977, with Roddenberry and most of the original cast set to reprise their respective roles. It was to be the anchor

show of a proposed Paramount-owned "fourth network" (thus antedating UPN, which later became part of The

CW Television Network), but plans for the network were soon scrapped and the project was reworked into a

feature film. The result, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, received a lukewarm critical response, but was a hit at

the box office adjusted for inflation it was the third-highest-grossing of all Star Trekmovies, with the 2009

film coming in first and the 2013 film in second.[25]

In 1980, Roddenberry submitted a 60-page treatment for a proposed sequel about theEnterprisecrew

preventing a Klingon attempt to thwart the John F. Kennedy assassination.[26]Following its rejection by

Paramount, he was replaced on the project by veteran television producer Harve Bennett; the studio "relegated"

Roddenberry to the "figurehead position" of executive consultant, in which he was compensated with a

producer's fee and a percentage of the net profits of any film projects in exchange for proffering non-binding

story notes and liaising with the fan community.[27][28][29]Although his story ideas (often variations on the

Kennedy-Klingon plot) were repeatedly unheeded by Bennett's production team, he continued in this capacity

for the next five sequels (Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek IV: The

Voyage Home, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country).

In addition to his lecture obligations, from 1983 to 1985, Roddenberry shifted his attentions to the manuscript of

Report from Earth, a proposed science fiction novel about an alien (Gaan) who takes human form on Earth; it

was never completed.[27]

Roddenberry was deeply involved in creating Star Trek: The Next Generation, which premiered September 28,


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1987. According to producer Rick Berman, "Gene's hands-on involvement in The Next Generationdiminished

greatly after the first season," but the nature of his increasingly peripheral role was not disclosed because of the

value of his name to fans.[30]Berman claims that Roddenberry had "all but stopped writing and rewriting" by

the end of the third season. Although commercially successful from its inception, the series was initially marred

by Writers Guild grievance claims from longtime franchise writers Fontana and David Gerrold, both of whom

left the series under acrimonious circumstances; frequent turnover among the writing staff (24 staff writers left

the show during its first three seasons, triple the average attrition rate for such series); and allegations that

Roddenberry's attorney Leonard Maizlish had become the former's "point man and proxy," ghostwriting memossitting in on meetings, and contributing to scripts despite not being on staff.

Medical records from this period reveal that Roddenberry was likely afflicted by the first manifestations of

cerebral vascular disease and encephalopathy as a result of his longstanding "Valley of the Dollstype" of

recreational abuse of legal and illicit drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, Valium, Seconal, Ritalin, Dexamyl,

and cocaine (which he had used regularly since the production of Star Trek: The Motion Picture). The effects of

these substances were compounded by deleterious interactions with diabetes, high blood pressure, and

antidepressant prescriptions.[31]

In addition to his film and television work, Roddenberry wrote the novelization of Star Trek: The Motion

Picture.[32]It was the first of hundreds of Star Trek-based novels to be published by the Pocket Books imprintof Simon & Schuster, whose parent company also owned Paramount Pictures Corporation. Previously,

Roddenberry worked intermittently on a novel (The God Thing) based on a rejected 1975 screenplay for a

proposed low-budget ($3 to $5 million) Star Trekfilm preceding the development of Phase IIthrough 1976.

Attempts to complete the project by Walter Koenig, Susan Sackett & Fred Bronson, Michael Jan Friedman, and

Roddenberry biographer David Alexander have proven to be unfeasible for a variety of legal and structural

reasons.[33]

Star Trektheme music composer Alexander Courage long harbored resentment of Roddenberry's attachment of

lyrics to his composition. By union rules, this resulted in the two men splitting the music royalties payable

whenever an episode of Star Trekaired, which otherwise would have gone to Courage in full.[34]

(The lyricswere never used on the show, but were performed by Nichelle Nichols on her 1991 album, "Out of this World.")

Roddenberry cooperated with Stephen Edward Poe (as Stephen Whitfield) on the 1968 nonfiction book The

Making of Star Trek(Ballantine Books). By his demand that Whitfield accepted, they too split the royalties

evenly. As Roddenberry explained to Whitfield in 1968, "I had to get some money somewhere. I'm sure not

going to get it from the profits of Star Trek."[35]Herbert Solow and Robert H. Justman observe that Whitfield

never regretted his fifty-fifty deal with Roddenberry since it gave him "the opportunity to become the first

chronicler of television's successful unsuccessful series".[36]

In 1942, Roddenberry married Eileen Rexroat. They had two daughters, Darleen and Dawn, but during the

1960s, he had affairs with Nichelle Nichols (said by Nichols to be the reason he wanted her on the show) [37]

and Majel Barrett. Twenty-seven years after his first marriage, Roddenberry divorced his first wife and married

Barrett in Japan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969, and they had one child together, Eugene

Wesley Roddenberry, Jr.[38]


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Roddenberry's star on the Hollywood

Walk of Fame. Presented in 1985, it

was the first star for a television

writer.[1]:110

Roddenberry was raised as a Southern Baptist, but considered himself a humanist and agnostic. According to

Ronald D. Moore, Roddenberry "felt very strongly that contemporary Earth religions would be gone by the 23rd

century".[39]

Following a September 1989 stroke at a family reunion in Tallahassee,

Florida, Roddenberry's health declined, ultimately leaving him confinedto a wheelchair by 1991. By the fourth season of The Next Generation,

he seldom appeared at the show's offices. He died from cardiopulmonary

arrest on October 24, 1991.[40]After his death, Star Trek: The Next

Generationaired a two-part episode of season five, called "Unification",

which featured a dedication to Roddenberry. In 1992, a portion of

Roddenberry's ashes flew and returned to earth on the Space Shuttle

Columbiamission STS-52.[41]On April 21, 1997, a Celestis spacecraft

carrying portions of the cremated remains of Roddenberry, of

Timothy Leary and of 22 other people was launched into Earth orbit

aboard a Pegasus XL rocket from near the Canary Islands.[42]On May20, 2002, the spacecraft's orbit deteriorated and it disintegrated in the

atmosphere. Another flight to launch more of his ashes into deep space

along with those of Majel (Barrett) Roddenberry, his widow who died in

2008, is planned for launch in 2014.[43]

After his death, Roddenberry's estate permitted filmingEarth: Final ConflictandAndromeda, two television

series based on his unused stories. A third story idea was adapted in 1995 as the comic book Gene

Roddenberry's Lost Universe(later titled Gene Roddenberry's Xander in Lost Universe). Gene Roddenberry's

Starshipwas a computer-animated series that was proposed by Majel Barrett and John Semper but was not

produced.[44]

Roddenberry and his wife Majel were honored by the Space Foundation in 2002 with the Douglas S. Morrow

Public Outreach Award,[45]in recognition of their contributions to awareness of and enthusiasm for space

exploration.

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Roddenberry in 2007, making him its third "Film, Television and

Media" contributor after Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.[2]The Television Academy Hall of Fame inducted

him in 2010.


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Year Show Role Notes

19551956 Highway Patrol Writer5 episodes (4 as Robert

Wesley)

19561957 West Point Writer 9 episodes

19571963 Have Gun Will Travel Writer 24 episodes

19631964 The Lieutenant Writer, creator, producer One season

19661968 Star Trek: The Original Series Writer, creator, producer Two seasons

1971 Pretty Maids All in a Row Writer, producer Feature film

19731974Star Trek: The Animated

Series

Writer, creator, executive

consultantTwo seasons

1973 Genesis II Writer, producer TV movie

1974 Planet Earth Writer, producer TV movie

1974 The Questor Tapes Writer, executive producer TV movie

1977 Spectre Writer, producer TV movie1979 Star Trek: The Motion Picture Producer Feature film

19871992Star Trek: The Next

GenerationWriter, creator, executive producer Five seasons

19921994Star Trek: The Next

GenerationWriter, creator Two seasons

2000-2005 Andromeda (TV series) Writer, creator Five seasons

âbPearson, Roberta (2011). "Cult Television as Digital Television's Cutting Edge" (http://books.google.com

/books?id=3cYJndq9K1IC&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false). In Bennett, James; Strange, Niki. Television as

Digital Media. Duke University Press. pp. 105131. ISBN 0-8223-4910-8.

1.

âb"Science Fiction Hall of Fame to Induct Ed Emshwiller, Gene Roddenberry, Ridley Scott and Gene Wolfe"

(https://web.archive.org/web/20071014112914/http://www.empsfm.org/press/index.asp?articleID=892) at the

Wayback Machine (archived October 14, 2007). Press release March/April/May 2007. Experience Music Project and

Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame (empsfm.org). Archived 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2013-03-19.

2.

^http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Star_Trek_XIII3.^"Gene Roddenberry". Space Sciences (Macmillan Science Library). Gale. 2002. ISBN 0-02-865546-X.4.

^RODDENBERRY, GENE - The Museum of Broadcast Communications (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R

/htmlR/roddenberry/roddenberry.htm)

5.

Âlexander, David, "Star Trek Creator", ROC Books, an imprint of Dutton Signet, a division of Penguin Books

USA, New York, June 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9 pp. 47-48.

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USA, New York, June 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9 pp. 49-50.

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USA, New York, June 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9 pp. 52.

8.

^CAVU Forty-Two G(http://aafcollection.info/items/documents/view.php?file=000105-01-00.pdf). Goodfellow

Field, San Angelo, TX: Class 42-G, US Army Air Corps. 1942. p. 70.

9.

^Freeman, Roger A., with Osborne, David., "The B-17 Flying Fortress Story", Arms & Armour Press, Wellington

House, London, UK, 1998, ISBN 1-85409-301-0, p. 74.

10.

Âlexander, David, "Star Trek Creator", ROC Books, an imprint of Dutton Signet, a division of Penguin BooksUSA, New York, June 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9 pp. 75-76.

11.

Êdward B. Kiker (WinterSpring 2004). "SOLDIERS OF VISION: We Dont Stop When We Take off the

Uniform" (http://www.smdc-armyforces.army.mil/Pic_Archive/ASJ_PDFs/ASJ_VOL_3_NO_1_Y_FLIP_1.pdf)

(PDF). Army Space Journal. Retrieved December 21, 2008. "He took part in 89 missions and sorties, and was

awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal."

12.

^"The Clipper Eclipse" (http://www.check-six.com/Crash_Sites/ClipperEclipse-NC88845.htm). Check-Six.com.

Retrieved 20 May 2013.

13.

^David Alexander. (1994) "Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry", Roc, p. 104.14.

^Shadow Caster: William H. Parker and Mickey Cohens L.A. cops-and-robbers tale is way stranger than fictionbyJohn BuntinLA Times MagazineApril 2010 (http://www.latimesmagazine.com/2010/04/shadow-caster.html)

15.

âbAlexander, p. 141.16.

^Davies, Mire Messenger; Pearson, Roberta (2007). "The Little Program That Could: The Relationship Between

NBC and Star Trek" (http://books.google.com/books?id=lhmw637JRgUC&pg=PA209#v=onepage&q&f=false). In

Hilmes, Michele; Henry, Michael Lowell.NBC: America's Network. University of California Press.

ISBN 0-520-25079-6.

17.

^Braga, Brannon (June 24, 2006). "Every religion has a mythology" (http://sidmennt.is/2006/08/16/every-religion-

has-a-mythology/).International Atheist Conference. Reykjavik, Iceland. Retrieved May 11, 2009.

18.

^"Gene Roddenberry ." (http://www.nndb.com/people/503/000022437/). 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2012.19.

^Sackett, Susan (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk Publishing

Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0.

20.

^Read New All-Time Top 10 Lists From Martin Scorsese, Woody Allen, Francis Ford Coppola, Quentin Tarantino &

More (http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/read-new-all-time-top-10s-from-martin-scorsese-woody-allen-francis-

ford-coppola-quentin-tarantino-more-20120803)

21.


USA, New York, June 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9, pp. 398-403.

22.

^Clark, M. Star Trek FAQ (http://books.google.com/books?id=s_lxVMh_5xwC&pg=PT323). Hal Leonard, p. 323.23.

^""Perhaps we should establish that worth in dollars (http://www.lettersofnote.com/2010/10/perhaps-we-should-

establish-that-worth.html)", Letters of Note

24.

^"Star Trek Movies at the Box Office" (http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=startrek.htm).Box

Office Mojo. Retrieved February 2013.

25.

^Captain Kirk, Mr. Spock, and JFK: The Rejected Roddenberry Pitch for Star Trek II, III, and IV

(http://startrekdom.blogspot.com/2007/06/captain-kirk-mr-spock-and-jfk-rejected.html)

26.

âbSusan Sackett (2002).Inside Trek: My Secret Life With Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. HAWK Publishing

Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0.

27.


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^Greenberger, R. Star Trek: The Complete Unauthorized History (http://books.google.com

/books?id=D243tpTRNnQC&pg=PA115), p. 115

28.

^Farrand, Phil. The Nitpicker's Guide for X-Philes (http://books.google.com/books?id=pD06za5Og_cC&

pg=PT504), "Ruminations"

29.

^Jenkins, H., Tulloch, J. Science Fiction Audiences (http://books.google.com/books?id=RXnsOIETzQEC&

pg=PA186), p. 186

30.

^Engel, Joel (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek. Hyperion Books. ISBN0-7868-6004-9.

31.

^Gene Roddenberry (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?1538) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

(ISFDB). Retrieved 2013-04-11. Select a title to see its linked publication history and general information. Select a

particular edition (title) for more data at that level, such as a front cover image or linked contents.

32.

^The God Thing(http://www.well.com/~sjroby/godthing.html), Complete Starfleet Library33.

^"Unthemely Behavior" (http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/trek1.htm). Urban Legends Reference Pages. August 8,

2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.

34.

^Herbert F. Solow & Robert H. Justman, Inside Star Trek: the Real Story, Pocket Books, 1996, p. 402.35.

^Solow & Justman, p. 402.36.^Nichelle Nichols, Beyond Uhura: Star Trek and Other Memories, G.P. Putnam & Sons, New York, 1994.37.

^David Alexander (1994). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry. Roc.

ISBN 0-451-45440-5.

38.

^Ronald D. Moore. "AOL chats Ronald D. Moore" (http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Memory_Alpha:AOL_chats

/Ronald_D._Moore/ron012.txt). Retrieved 20 January 2014.

39.

^McFadden, Robert D. (October 26, 1991). "Gene Roddenberry, 'Star Trek' Creator, Dies at 70"

(http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/26/movies/gene-roddenberry-star-trek-creator-dies-at-70.html?pagewanted=all&

src=pm). The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2012.

40.

^"Shuttle bore Roddenberry's ashes" (http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19940429&

id=bUMvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CjMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1725,8689414). Rome News-Tribune. April 29, 1994.

Retrieved August 4, 2012.

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^"The Founders Flight" (http://www.celestis.com/foundersFlight.asp). celestis.com., Retrieved 2011-11-14.42.

^"Celestis Voyager Flight Participants" (http://www.celestis.com/memorial/voyager/default.asp). celestis.com.43.

^"Mainframe Entertainment Lands Gene Roddenberry's 'Starship' for Computer Animated Television Series"

(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Oct_20/ai_53099756). BNet Research Center. October 20,

1998. Retrieved December 18, 2007.

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^Foundation Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award (http://2010.nationalspacesymposium.org/about-the-show

/symposium-awards/douglas-s-morrow-public-outreach-award)

45.

Alexander, David (1995). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry. New York

Roc. ISBN 0-451-45440-5.

Engel, Joel (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek. New York: Hyperion.


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Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Gene

Roddenberry.

Wikiquote has a collection

of quotations related to:

ISBN 0-7868-6004-9.

Fern, Yvonne (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Last Conversation. Berkeley: University of California

Press. ISBN 0-520-08842-5.

Gross, Edward; Mark A. Altman; Gene Roddenberry (1994). Great Birds of the Galaxy: Gene

Roddenberry and the Creators of Star Trek. Boxtree. ISBN 0-7522-0968-X.

Sackett, Susan (2002).Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk

Publishing Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0.

Van Hise, James (1992). The Man Who Created Star Trek: Gene Roddenberry. Pioneer Books.

ISBN 1-55698-318-2.

Whitfield, Stephen E.; Gene Roddenberry (1968). The Making of Star Trek. New York: Ballantine Books.

ISBN 0-345-34019-1.

Cast autobiographies

Doohan, James and transcribed by Peter David.Beam Me Up, Scotty: Star Trek's "Scotty" in his ownwords.ISBN 0-671-52056-3.

Koenig, Walter. Warped Factors: A Neurotic's Guide to the Universe.ISBN 0-87833-991-4.

Nichols, Nichelle.Beyond Uhura: Star Trek and Other Memories.ISBN 1-57297-011-1. Published 1995.

Nimoy, Leonard.I Am Not Spock.ISBN 978-0-89087-117-1. Published 1977.

Nimoy, Leonard.I Am Spock.ISBN 978-0-7868-6182-8. Published 1995.

Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Memories.HarperCollins. ISBN

0-06-017734-9; ISBN 978-0-06-017734-8. Published 1993.

Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Movie Memories.HarperCollins. ISBN0-06-017617-2. Published 1994.

Solow, Herbert F. and Robert H. Justman.Inside Star Trek: The Real Story.ISBN 0-671-89628-8.

Published 1999.

Takei, George. To The Stars: The Autobiography of George Takei: Star Trek's Mr Sulu.ISBN

0-671-89008-5. Published 1994.

Whitney, Grace Lee and transcribed by Jim Denney. The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy.Foreword

by Leonard Nimoy. ISBN 1-884956-05-X; ISBN 978-1-884956-05-8. Published 1998.

Official Roddenberry family website

(http://www.Roddenberry.com)

Gene Roddenberry (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm734472/) at

the Internet Movie Database

Gene Roddenberry (http://tcmdb.com/participant


12 7/31/2014


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Gene Roddenberry/participant.jsp?participantId=163662) at the TCM Movie

Database

Gene Roddenberry (http://www.allmovie.com/artist/p108615) at AllMovie

Gene Roddenberry (http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry) at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek

wiki)

Gene Roddenberry (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?1538) at the Internet Speculative Fiction

Database

Gene Roddenberry (http://web.archive.org/web/20120722084039/http://www.empmuseum.org

/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=950) biography at the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame

The Museum of Broadcast Communication (http://www.museum.tv

/eotvsection.php?entrycode=roddenberry)

Strange New Worlds: The Humanist Philosophy of Star Trek (http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri

/cri-jrnl/web/crj0147a.html) by Robert Bowman, Christian Research Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 20 ff.

StarTrek.com biography (http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/TOS/creative/69095.html)

Gene Roddenberry: What Might Have Been... (http://www.tvparty.com/70roddenberry.html) on

Roddenberry's 1970s failed pilots

Celebrating Gene Roddenberry (http://www.treknews.net/2011/08/19/celebrating-gene-roddenberrys-

90th-birthday/)

"Gene Roddenberry" (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1924). Find a Grave.

Retrieved June 10, 2013.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gene_Roddenberry&oldid=618146038"

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