OLR (1982)29 (4) 249 Three competing methodologies (numerical phen- etics, cladistics, and evolutionary classification) are compared. A synthetic approach is suggested where- by the best components of the 3 methods are used at each step in the classification procedure, resulting in classifications useful for both biological generali- zations and for information storage and retrieval systems. Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (mjj) 82:1990 Saks, N.M., 1981. Growth, productivity and excretion of Chiorella spp. endosymbionts from the Red Sea: implications for host Foraminifera. Botanica mar., 24(8):445-449. Growth of Chlorella spp. endosymbionts in axenic culture was optimum at 28.5°C and was enhanced up to 400% by vitamins. Less than 1% of total carbon fixed was released by the algae to the growth medium. Significance to host Foraminifera shell growth and digestion is considered. Dept. of Biol., CUNY, Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA. (mjj) 82:1991 Sander, F., 1981. A preliminary assessment of the main causative mechanisms of the 'island mass' effect of Barbados. Mar. Biol., 64(2):199-205. The relative contributions to increased near-island primary productivity of land drainage, enrichment by benthic biological factors, and internal waves running up the continental slope were examined. Lack of statistical correlation between the first two factors and production levels, plus a simple calcu- lation of nutrient supply versus demand, suggested that internal waves are the main contributing factor to the island mass effect. BeUairs Res. Inst., St. James, Barbados, West Indies. (mwf) 82:1992 Stebbing, A.R.D., 1981. Stress, health and homeo- stasis. Viewpoint. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(10):326- 329. Different usages of the term 'stress' (most often as cause, but sometimes as effect), types of stress adaptation (production of gametes, homeostasis, homeorhesis), and a definition of 'health' (load tolerance of homeostatically controlled processes) are discussed in the context of evaluating marine communities and organisms and the stressors (par- ticularly toxicants) acting on them. For example, the 'no effect level' of a toxicant is a dubious and simplistic concept; we would do better to consider the operating limits of homeostatic mechanisms. Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Plymouth, UK. (fcs) 82:1993 Thomas, J.M., D.H. McKenzie and L.L. Eberhardt, 1981. Some limitations of biological monitoring. Environment int., 5(1):3-10. Detecting changes in population abundance (base- line monitoring) is not difficult but assigning causation is, as factors other than pollution (com- pensation, interactions, etc.) can be responsible. Useful approaches to monitoring designs and sta- tistical analyses are presented. Ecol. Sci. Dept., Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, Wash. 99352, USA. (mjj) F. GENERAL FI0. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary) 82:1994 Barnett, T.P., R.W. Preisendorfer, L.M. Goldstein and K. Hasselmann, 1981. Significance tests for regression model hierarchies. J. phys. Oceanogr., 11(8):1150-1154. It is found that the single-candidate models' signif- icance value previously used (Barnett and Hassel- mann, 1979) can over- or underestimate the true multiple-candidate significance level of the selected model depending on the selection criteria used. Several possible selection strategies to remove these problems are discussed and evaluated both theo- retically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La JoUa, Calif. 92093, USA.
Transcript
OLR (1982) 29 (4) 249
Three competing methodologies (numerical phen- etics, cladistics, and evolutionary classification) are compared. A synthetic approach is suggested where- by the best components of the 3 methods are used at each step in the classification procedure, resulting in classifications useful for both biological generali- zations and for information storage and retrieval systems. Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (mjj)
82:1990 Saks, N.M., 1981. Growth, productivity and excretion
of Chiorella spp. endosymbionts from the Red Sea: implications for host Foraminifera. Botanica mar., 24(8):445-449.
Growth of Chlorella spp. endosymbionts in axenic culture was optimum at 28.5°C and was enhanced up to 400% by vitamins. Less than 1% of total carbon fixed was released by the algae to the growth medium. Significance to host Foraminifera shell growth and digestion is considered. Dept. of Biol., CUNY, Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA. (mjj)
82:1991 Sander, F., 1981. A preliminary assessment of the
main causative mechanisms of the 'island mass' effect of Barbados. Mar. Biol., 64(2):199-205.
The relative contributions to increased near-island primary productivity of land drainage, enrichment by benthic biological factors, and internal waves running up the continental slope were examined. Lack of statistical correlation between the first two factors and production levels, plus a simple calcu-
lation of nutrient supply versus demand, suggested that internal waves are the main contributing factor to the island mass effect. BeUairs Res. Inst., St. James, Barbados, West Indies. (mwf)
82:1992 Stebbing, A.R.D., 1981. Stress, health and homeo-
stasis. Viewpoint. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(10):326- 329.
Different usages of the term 'stress' (most often as cause, but sometimes as effect), types of stress adaptation (production of gametes, homeostasis, homeorhesis), and a definition of 'health' (load tolerance of homeostatically controlled processes) are discussed in the context of evaluating marine communities and organisms and the stressors (par- ticularly toxicants) acting on them. For example, the 'no effect level' of a toxicant is a dubious and simplistic concept; we would do better to consider the operating limits of homeostatic mechanisms. Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Plymouth, UK. (fcs)
82:1993 Thomas, J.M., D.H. McKenzie and L.L. Eberhardt,
1981. Some limitations of biological monitoring. Environment int., 5(1):3-10.
Detecting changes in population abundance (base- line monitoring) is not difficult but assigning causation is, as factors other than pollution (com- pensation, interactions, etc.) can be responsible. Useful approaches to monitoring designs and sta- tistical analyses are presented. Ecol. Sci. Dept., Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, Wash. 99352, USA. (mjj)
and K. Hasselmann, 1981. Significance tests for regression model hierarchies. J. phys. Oceanogr., 11(8):1150-1154.
It is found that the single-candidate models' signif- icance value previously used (Barnett and Hassel- mann, 1979) can over- or underestimate the true multiple-candidate significance level of the selected model depending on the selection criteria used. Several possible selection strategies to remove these problems are discussed and evaluated both theo- retically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La JoUa, Calif. 92093, USA.
250 F. General OLR (1982) 29 (4)
$2:1995 Benham, D.G. and D.G. George, 1981. A portable
system for measuring water temperature, con- ductivity, dissolved oxygen, light attenuation and depth of sampling. Freshwat. Biol., 11(5):459-471. Inst. of Terrestrial Ecol., Merlewood Res. Sta- tion, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria LAl l 6JU, UK.
82:1996 Dunbar, R.B. and G.M. Wellington, 1981. Stable
isotopes in a branching coral monitor seasonal temperature variation. Nature, Lond., 293(5832): 453-455.
Changes in oxygen isotope composition in Pocil- lopora damicornis precisely reflect that of seawater and thus can be used to accurately indicate past and present seasonal temperature changes as well as growth rates (these corals do not form annual density bands). Dept. of Geology, Rice Univ., Houston, Tex. 77001, USA. (mjj)
82:1997 Gehlhaar, U., K.P. Gunther and J. Luther, 1981.
Compact and highly sensitive fluorescence lidar for oceanographic measurements. Appl. Opt., 20(19):3318-3320.
The airborne, single-channel, fluorescence lidar is equipped with a high-power tunable dye laser and can selectively detect concentrations < 10-t°g/cm 3 of tracer dye rhodamine B in surface waters from 70 m altitude. Univ. Oldenburg, Fachbereich IV, Postfach 25 03, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG. (isz)
82:1998 Gleason, M.L., J.R. DiMarco and J.C. Zieman,
1981. A programmable device for simulation of tidal flux. Estuaries, 4(3):220-222.
An electronic control unit can closely imitate any natural tidal function and is readily adaptable to other experimental applications that utilize timed switching capability; the programmable unit is cheaper and easier to operate than computer-based systems. Dept. of Environ. Sci., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. 22903, USA.
82:1999 Lutz, R.A., 1981. Electron probe analysis of strontium
in mussel (Bivalvin, Mytllidae) shells: feasihmty of estimating water temperature. Hydrobiologia, 83(3):377-382.
'Analyses across the inner nacreous layer of a sectioned Mytilus edulis shell' using an electron microprobe step-scan showed no long-term periodic variation in Sr concentration; thus these analyses
appear to be of little use in estimating water temperature fluctuations, past or present. N.J. Agric. Exper. Stat., Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. 08903, USA. (ahm)
and Anders Widen, 1981. Laser depth sounding in the Baltic Sea. Appl. Opt., 20(19):3284-3286.
In recent field tests over 4 areas with different water clarities, air-borne pulsed laser measurements of water depth were compared with simultaneous sonar recordings from a Swedish Hydrographic Service boat. Good agreement was found down to 20-m depth. National Defense Res. Inst., Dept. 3, P.O. Box 1165, S-581 ll Linkoping, Sweden. (mwf)
observation system at a depth of 2,200 meters. J. Phys. Earth, 29(1):77-88.
A quartz pressure sensor and 4 seismometers are attached to a submarine cable (for power supply and signal transmission) to function as a long-period accelerometer in the 0-1/6 Hz range. The sensor, originally installed to sense tsunamis, picks up pelagic tides, coastal-trapped edge waves, long period seismic waves, and other oceanographic and seismological events in the area between the Nankai Trough and Tokai (southern Japan). Meteorol. Res. Inst., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. (bas)
82:2002 UNESCO, ICES, SCOR, IAPSO (sponsors),
1980/81. Tenth Report of the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards. Sidney, B.C., Canada, 1-5 September 1980. UNESCO tech. Pap. mar. Sci., 36:25pp.
The joint panel discussed the Practical Salinity Scale (1978), Standard Seawater Service, International Equation of State of Seawater, oxygen solubility, freezing point, acoustic velocity, and entropy of seawater. (isz)
F40. Area studies, surveys (multidisci- plinary)
82:2003 Fleming, G. and R.A. Walker, 1981. The Loch Ell
[west Scotland] Project: simulation of the hy- drology and sediment inputs to Loch Eft. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 55(1):103-113.
OLR (1982) 29 (4) F. General 251
Water and sediment response of the ungauged catchments draining to Loch Eil and the sensitivity of erosion processes to varying precipitation and sediment characteristics were analyzed with the Strathclyde Sediment Model I. The method provided only a rough comparison with actual loch sedi- mentation. Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
82:2004 Keeley, J.R. and J.D. Taylor, 1981. Data products
from the First GARP Global Experiment [FGGE]. Mar. Sci. Inf. Direct., Dept. Fish. Oceans, Ms. Rept Ser., Can., 57:181pp + 22 microfiche.
FGGE's ~300 drifting buoys deployed during 1979 in the Southern Ocean south of 20°S relayed position, SST and sea level pressure data via satellite to Canada's Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) which generated 3 near-realtime products: buoy tracks, SST maps and SST anomaly maps. Analytical techniques utilized and all the MEDS products are included herein. SST anomaly maps and buoy drift tracks comprise the majority of the report's 260 figures. Mar. Sci. and Info. Directorate, Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0E6, Canada. (isz)
82:2005 Pearson, T.H., 1981. The Loch Eil [west Scotland]
Project: introduction and rationale. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 55(1):93-102.
A multidisciplinary study of the distribution and fate of carbon inputs to Loch Eil, which receives pulp and paper mill effluent, is described. Framework and justification of the project are provided. Scottish Mar. Biol. Assoc., Dunstaffnage Mar. Res. Lab., Oban, Argyll, Scotland.
82:2006 Pingree, R.D. and G.T. Mardell, 1981. Slope tur-
bulence, internal waves and phytoplankton growth at the Celtic Sea shelf-break. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., (A)302(1472):663-682.
A band of water 100 km broad and 1-2C ° colder than adjacent Celtic Sea or Atlantic Ocean water exhibits higher than background concentrations of nitrate and chlorophyll a. Studies showed that mixing was enhanced by internal waves or upwel- ling; the resulting nutrient renewal led to phyto- plankton growth in surface waters. Mar. Biol. Assoc. of the U.K., Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK. (mwf)
82:2007 Tambs-Lyche, H. (ed.), 1981. ]ICES reports for 1979
on hydrography, plankton and fish.] Annls biol., Copenh., 36:252pp; 110 reports.
Of these 110 reports, 7 deal with plankton; 25 with hydrography (water column thermal structure, fronts, SST's, eddies, surface salinity, bottom tem- peratures); 1 with shellfish (Pandalus borealis larval distribution); 1 with NE Atlantic marine mammals; 8 with joint investigations (predominantly fish surveys); and 68 with fish and fisheries (stocks, abundance, distribution). Areas of investigations included the North Atlantic; German Bight; Rockall and English channels; Kattegat and Skagerrak; and the Baltic, North, Celtic, Irminger, Norwegian and Barents seas. (isz)
F70. Atlases, bibliographies, etc.
82:2008 U.S. NOAA, National Ocean Survey, 1981. Sum-
mary of [U.S.I National Ocean Survey technical publications and charts. Compiled by Physical Science Services Branch, Scientific Services Division. U.S. NOAA-NOS tech. Serv. Publ., Educ. Pamph. 7:72pp.
NOS data sources and published works prior to the Survey's incorporation into NOAA's publication program in 1970 are tabulated. Information on ordering, availability and prices is provided. (isz)
F100. Expeditions, research programs, etc.
82:2009 Tryoshnikov, A.F. and F.S. Terziev, 1981. Con-
temporar~ problems of investigations in the field of oceanography. Meteorologiya Gidrol., 1981(6): 77-86. (In Russian, English abstract.)
Basic oceanographic objectives of the Goskom- gidromet are considered. Fundamental studies of oceanic-thermodynamic processes (and theories), leading to improved marine and weather forecasts, are given priority. Also mentioned are field inves- tigations of the sea regime for resource development in shelf zones, influence of chemical pollution on ecosystems, development of specific recommenda- tions for pollution level controls, and aspects of continental freshwater runoff deficit. (smf)
252 F. General OLR (1982) 29 (4)
FI60. Applied oceanography
82:2010 Officer, C.B., 1981. Tidal exchanges and far field
effects [of the dumping of wastes]. J. War. Pollut. Control Fed., 53(10):1551-1552.
Simplified calculations are given for the case of a semi-enclosed bay connected by a tidal channel to the waters receiving the wastes. Earth Sci. Dept., Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. (sir)
FI70. Engineering and industry 82:2011
Bruun, P. (ed.), 1979/81. Port and ocean engineering under arctic conditions. Selected papers from the 5th international conference POAC '79, held in Trondheim, Norway, August 13-17, 1979. Spe- cial issue. Coast. Engng, Amst., 5(2/3):97-294; 11 papers.
Arctic Ocean probable ice thickness, Beaufort Sea multi-year pressure ridges, Mackenzie Delta landfast ice motion, ice rubble field formations around deep-water artificial islands, ice pile-up and ride-up on beaches, and nearshore ice hazards are ad- dressed; 2 breakwater papers are included. Esti- mating wind wave spectra parametrically and the Faroese wave- and current-measuring project com- plete the collection. (isz)
82:2012 Robb, David, 1981. The politics and technology of
deep ocean mining. Sea Technol., 22(8):25-31.
Although the technology exists for seabed mining, current debates on mineral recovery center on the politics of trNCLOS, the possibilities for an inter- national treaty or for mini-treaties, and industry needs for massive funding and protection of any investments made prior to effective date of a treaty. (smf)
82:2013 SigbjOrnsson, Ragnar, 1981. Extreme and fatigue
response of offshore platforms due to three- dimensional stochastic wave fields. Engng Struct., 3(4):219-224. Engineering Res. Inst., Univ. of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
82:2014 Steven, R.R., R. Sevin, R. Clerc, A. Castela and
Bruno de Sivry, 1981. IOffshore drilling in the Mediterranean.] Special report . Offshore, 41(11):49-98; 5 reports.
82:2015 Whitehead, J.A. Jr. and Neil Gershenfeld, 1981.
Selective withdrawal from a rotating stratified current with applications to OTEC. Ocean Engng, 8(5):507-515.
When a simple theoretical model of axisymmetric withdrawal from a rotating stratified current is applied to the fluid motion into an OTEC plant, it is found that, if the current going by the plant is small, large vortices develop near the inlets. Torques on the plant due to these vortices and the degradation of temperature due to selective withdrawal processes are estimated potentially significant. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.
F250. Waste disposal and pollution (see also B 3 5 0 - A t m o s p h e r i c po l lu t ion , C 2 1 0 - W a t e r pol lu t ion , E300-Effec ts of po l lu t ion)
82:2016 Dixon, T.R. and T.J. Dixon, 1981. Marine litter
surveillance. Viewpoint. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(9):289-295.
The Keep Britain Tidy Group, a U.K. litter abate- ment agency, conducts research to assess environ- mental aspects of marine litter (6.5 × 106 tons/yr in the world's oceans, most of it within 400 km of land in the Northern Hemisphere), and identifies trends in composition, distribution and origin of litter in western Europe's coastal and oceanic waters. Pre- ventative measures, which appear to be the only effective means of control, would include changes in types and uses of packaging, limits or prohibitions on some disposables, and reduction or elimination of disposal at sea. Buckinghamshire Coll. of Higher Education, UK. (smf)
82:2017 Feliciano, D.V., 1981. Monitor. Sludge: back into the
ocean? J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 53(10): 1442- 1446.
U.S. courts have ruled that ocean dumping should be considered when it will not 'unreasonably degrade' the marine environment. Interactions and overlaps in the 5 federal statutes regulating sludge dumping are discussed and the politics of ocean dumping under the Reagan Administration are considered. Although, under the Ocean Dumping Act (Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, MPRSA), disposal of sewage sludge will be banned on 31 December 1981, recent legislation (e.g., PL 97-16 which doubles fiscal authorization for ocean dump- ing research under MPRSA and will be used by EVA to
OLR (1982) 29 (4) F. General 253
determine suitable ocean dumping sites for dredged material and other wastes) suggests the controversy is not yet over. (smf)
82:2018 Kullenberg, G. (chairman), 1981. Report of the ICES
Reports cover specimen banking; waste dumping; incineration at sea; format for reporting biological data; contaminant movement in the sea; intercal- ibrations and intercomparisons re Cd, Pb, trace metals, PCB's and petroleum hydrocarbons; stan- dards' setting; red tides; eutrophication; BOSEX; biological monitoring; and project Mussel Watch. An appendix overviews Hg in the marine milieu. (isz)
82:2019 Pedersen, Holger, Ulla Stadil and H.H. Dietz, 1980.
Bathing water control IDemnarkl according to the EEC directive with a critical evaluation of coliforms as pollution indicators in marine envi- ronments. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde Infekt. Hyg., (Abt. I)(B)171(2/3):195-200. Nat. Agency of Environ. Protection, Div. of Ecol. and Hyg., 29 Strandgade, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Den- mark.
F260. Resources, management, econom- ics
82:2020 Darnell, R.M., 1981. NOAA's new National Marine
Sanctuary Program development plan. Bull. coast. Soc., 5(1):13-15.
Goals of the National Marine Sanctuary Program remain the same, but changes have been made in procedures for nomination, evaluation and desig- nation of sanctuary sites. Comprehensive site in- formation will be required, local experts will assist in systematic selection and evaluation of sites, and procedures will be established to encourage citizen participation. Oceanog. Dept., Texas A&M Univ., Tex., USA. (smf)
82:2021 Ross, J.F. and A.A. Burns, 1981. Coastal Zone
Management under the Reagan budget. Bull. coast. Soc., 5(1):10-13.
The U.S. Congress unanimously amended and re-authorized (1980) the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act, but the long-term national bene- fits from the federally-supported coastal states'
program will be lost if the Reagan Administration's recommendations for zero CZM funding are ac- cepted. While the necessity of budget cuts is recognized, states suggest a phase-down approach to allow their assumption of a greater share of the cost of coastal management. Long-term solutions to funding could include a receipt-sharing program similar to that of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920. (smf)
F280. Policy, law, treaties
82:2022 Hazou, L.L., 1981. A survey of depositary functions in
respect of the Caracas Convention on the Law of the Sea. J. marit. Law Commerce, 12(4):485-506.
According to the final clauses and certain provisions (Draft Convention, LOS, Informal Text) relating to settlement of disputes, the Secretary-General of the U.N. would function as depositary of the treaty. Depositary functions relate to the 'life' of the treaty, are administrative in nature, and do not affect the treaty's operation or the substantive rights and obligations of the parties. Secretariat of UNCLOS III, New York, NY, USA. (smf)
82:2023 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and De-
velopment, 1981. ]Council recommendation con- cerning costs of preventive measures with regard to oil spills.] Reprinted in: Int. leg. Mater., 20(4):960-962.
82:2024 Rhee, Sang-Myon, 1981. Equitable solutions to the
maritime boundary dispute between the United States and Canada in the Gulf of Maine. Am. J. int. Law, 75(3):590-628.
It is hoped that a binding third-party settlement will resolve the long-standing maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Maine. Past negotiations have failed largely because each party insists on the exclusive use of separate delimitation methods. Concurrent use of combined methods (e.g., the equidistant line principle, the natural prolongation principle, and other means of dividing the area in accordance with the doctrine of proportionality) is considered more likely to produce a settlement. An equitable bound- ary would facilitate fisheries agreements and expe- dite area development of hydrocarbon resources. (smf)
82:2025 Richardson, E.L. (chairman), 1981. [Report and
recommendations to the governments of Iceland
254 F. General OLR (1982) 29 (4)
and Norway of the Conciliation Commission on the Continental Shelf Area between Iceland and Jan Mayen.] Reprinted in: Int. leg. Mater., 20(4):797-842.
Recommendations re the dividing line for the shelf area between Iceland and Jan Mayen include joint cooperation agreements (to apply within a specified area) for seismic surveys, concession contracts and other arrangements for commercial exploitation of natural resources. [Commission settlement was sought following unsuccessful negotiations on shelf issues as part of a fisheries agreement--otherwise successfully concluded--between the two countries in 1980.] (smf)
82:2026 Kagan, B.A., 1981. Tidal torque and dissipation of
tidal energy in the paleo-ocean. Fiz. A tmosf. Okeana, 17(8):849-857. (In Russian, English abstract.)
Calculations for the Phanerozoic showed systematic reductions with time for both parameters; however, these reductions remained 'within the limits of accuracy of determining their present values.' (sir)
F380. Advances in science, reviews (gen- eral interest)
82:2027 Butler, Ian and Alan Southward, 1981. Plenty more
fish in the sea. New Scient., 92(1274):110-112.
Primary production in the western English Channel scarcely changed during the period when drastic changes occurred in the dominant pelagic fish, supporting the hypothesis that fluctuations in the balance of species occur naturally and ecosystems maintain a 'steady state of production and utilisa- tion.' Mar. Biol. Assoc. of the U.K., Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. (mjj)
82:2028 Cowling, E.B. and R.A. Linthurst, 1981. The acid
precipitation phenomenon and its ecological consequences. Bioscienee, 31(9):649-654. Sch. of Forest Resources, North Carolina State Univ., P.O. Box 5186, Raleigh, N.C. 27650, USA.
82:2029 Groves, D.I., J.S.R. Dunlop and Roger Buick, 1981.
An early habitat of life. Scient. Am., 245(4):64-73.
Discovery of mound-shaped, stromatolite-like struc- tures, microspheroids and filamentous microfossils in some Australian sedimentary deposits suggests that life may have existed 3.5 billion years ago. The Precambrian environment of North Pole, Western Australia, is reconstructed; the rocks show a re- markable degree of preservation and little evidence of metamorphism. Although none of the discoveries are, in themselves, conclusive evidence of early life, 'it is difficult to conceive of an accceptable non- biological origin for all these discoveries.' (smf)
82:2030 Jones, J.S., 1981. An uncensored page of fossil history.
Nature, Lond., 293(5832):427-428.
An unusually complete sequence of fossilized fresh- water molluscs has been reported by Williams (1981), who interprets the patterns of evolutionary change in these snails as supporting the 'punctuated equilibrium' theory. Jones examines the time scales of this fossil record from a geneticist's point of view, concluding that the morphological changes between shell forms took ~20,000 generations to complete, which is more than sufficient time for classical gradual Darwinian natural selection to have been operating. Dept. of Genetics and Biometry, Univ. College, London, UK. (mjj)
F390. Educational literature
82:2031 Goody, Richard et al., 1981. Oceanography from
space. Oceanus, 24(3):76pp; 10 papers.
Satellite instrumentation, the mutually supportive relationships between remote-sensing and in-situ measurements, and the prospects for oceanography's future are considered. Satellite altimetry to measure sea topography; scatterometry and wind stress; color observations to determine biological parameters; remote sensing of sea ice, ocean-atmosphere inter- actions and climate; commercial applications of satellite oceanography; and a survey of instruments used in remote sensing of the ocean by satellite are covered in I0 papers. Includes a glossary. (smf)
F420. Miscellaneous
82:2032 Morsicato-Gernon, Helen and M.A. Diamond, 1981.
Research and publication [as tax deductible] expenses for university professors. Academe, 67(5):302-307. Dept. of Accounting, Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, (3reg., USA..
