496 OLR(1980)27(7)

F. GENERAL

1. Applied oceanography

80:3447 Gopinathan, C. K., P. V. Sathe and D. V.

R a m a r a j u , 1979. Wave p o w e r around southern coasts of India during September- October, 1977. Mahasagar, 12(3): 135-140.

Wave power was calculated at 34 stat ions on the basis of significant wave height and zero-crossing period data. Wave power values ranged from 1.3 kW to 5 kW. Nat ional Ins t i tu te of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India. (rlo)

80:3448 Isaacs, J. D. and W. R. Schmit t , 1980. Ocean

energy: forms and prospects . Science, 207(4428): 265-273.

The ocean as it might be uti l ized in solving energy problems is discussed in all aspects (except petroleum): (1) as a source of nuclear fuels; (2) as a mechanical (waves, tides, currents), chemical (biomass, sa l in i ty grad ien ts ) , and t he rma l ( temperature gradients, including ice) energy reservoir; (3) as a location for hot spring (geother- mal) and salt dome (salinity gradient) energy stores; and finally as (4) a disposal area for nuclear and thermal waste. The most likely forms of exploitation, on meaningful scales, are roughly in reverse order. Scripps Inst i tut ion of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. (fes)

80:3449 James, Will iam, 1980. P o w e r f rom waves using

harbor resonators. J. WatWay Port coast. Ocean Div., Am. Soc. ciu. Engrs, 106(WWl): 99-113.

Return flow generated by two geometrically op- posed rectangular resonators in a semi-infinite har- bor entrance is invest igated experimental ly. The results are useful in designing systems which reduce transmission at undesirable wave frequen- cies, minimize sedimenta t ion in the harbor en- trance, or maximize the extractable return flow power . D e p a r t m e n t of Civ i l E n g i n e e r i n g Mechanics, McMaster University, Hamil ton, On- tario, Canada. (rio)

80:3450 Srokosz, M. A., 1979. The submerged sphere as

an absorber of wave power. J. Fluid Mech., 95(4): 717-741.

A submerged sphere a t tached to an integrated mooring and power take-off system absorbs power from incident waves. The absorption length which reflects the amount of power absorbed is found to depend on the added-mass and damping coef- ficients. These parameters and the variat ion of ab- sorption length as a function of wave number are quantified for different submergence depths. Inst i tute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, England. (rlo)

80:3451 Tekeli, Sahim and W. H. C. Maxwell, 1980.

Physical modeling of bubble screens. J. WatWay Port coast. Ocean Div., Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 106(WW1): 49-64.

Dimensional and simil i tude analyses are used to develop bubble screen models and a set of semi- empirical scaling relationships for bubble screen parameters . A scale factor corrects for bubble com- pressibil i ty and the simil i tude distortion factor. The flow ent ra inment coefficient and the relative spread rate of voids ratios are a function of source strength and the scale factor. Depar tment of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex., U.S.A. (rlo)

3. Interdisciplinary apparatus, me- thods, mathematical and statistical techniques

80:3452 Hawkins, S. J. and R. G. Hartnoll , 1979. A com-

pressed air dril l powered by S C U B A cylinders for use on rocky shores. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 9(6): 819-820.

Up to 60 holes (25 mm depth in 10-30 sec each in limestone or slate) can be dril led with the air from one pair of s tandard SCUBA tanks. The system consists of a 'Desoutter Auto 106' compressed air drill, a pressure regulator and an air supply, and is described as safe, simple, quick, usable by one per- son and reasonable in cost. Depar tment of Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, U.K. (smf)

80:3453 Kireyev, I. V. and A. V. Svechnikov, 1979.

Investigation of the relationship between the pattern of the radar signal envelope line

OLR(1980)27(7) F. General 497

and the appearance of the ref lect ing part of the sea surface. (In Russian.) Meteorologiya Gidrol., 1979(9): 116-119.

80:3454 Lezgintsev, G. M., E. A. Kontar and E. I. Garbuz,

1979. On the deve lopment of deep-sea self- conta ined ins truments for studies in the ocean [to 5300 m depth]. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 924-929.

80:3455 Lowe, Linda, 1980. Airborne YAG [yttrium-

aluminum-garnet laser] unit to chart ocean sha l lows wi th sonar accuracy but 100 t imes the speed. Electronics, 53(2): 49-50.

The Hydrographic Airborne Laser Sounder (developed by Avco Everett Inc.) will soon be available for helicopter surveys of coastal waters at 100 times the speed of ship-borne sonar surveys. While accuracy is dependent on water clarity, the frequency-doubled blue-green beam (532 nm) should allow accuracies of about 3 ft in 160 ft of water, and 1 ft in water depths less than 65 ft. (fcs)

80:3456 Mooradian, G. C., M. Geller, P. H. Levine, L. B.

Stotts and D. H. Stephens, 1980. Over-the- horizon optical propagat ion in a m a r i t i m e environment. Appl. Opt., 19(1): 11-30.

While most laser communication systems are designed strictly for line-of-sight operations, two experimental OTH systems, dependent on aerosol scatter and cloud bottoms, are described, one with a range of 128 kin. Two propagation models, one based on particulate single scatter, the other on multiple scatter, are compared with experimental results; a fully appropriate theoretical description is yet to be developed. U.S. Naval Ocean Systems Center, Communications Research & Technology Division, San Diego, Calif. 92152, U.S.A. (fcs)

80:3458 Prokopets, E. N., V. S. Miasnikov and V. N.

Vologdin, 1978. The Sov ie t -Amer ican inter- cal ibrat ion of echo-surveys . (In Russian.) Izv. tikhookean, nauchno-issled. Inst. ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 102: 113-118.

80:3459 Savageau, M. A., 1979. Allometr ic morphogen-

es is of complex sys tems: derivat ion of the basic equat ions from first principles. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 76(12): 6023-6025.

Allometric morphogenesis is the generation of form or pattern as a result of differential growth according to power-law relationships among the elements of a complex system. By starting with fundamental properties of the component mechanisms in such systems, one can derive a basic growth equation from which the well-known law of allometric morphogenesis follows naturally. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109, U.S.A.

80:3460 Thompson, R. et al., 1980. Environmenta l appli-

cat ions of magnet i c measurement s . Science, 207(4430): 481-486.

Advantages of magnetic techniques over conven- tional methods in environmental studies are il- lustrated through the 'application of a range of simple, non-des t ruc t ive , rapid magnet ic measurements to problems in geophysics, meteorology, climatology, hydrology, limnology, oceanography, sedimentology, geomorphology, soil science, ecology and land-use studies.' Intrinsic and mineral magnetic properties as well as paleomagnetic remanence are discussed. Depart- ment of Geophysics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ Scotland. (izs)

80:3457 Murino, C. J. et al., 1979. Sc ience and comput ing

services: a chang ing phi losophy. Atmos. Technol., 11:77 pp.; 25 papers.

The problems in big computer facilities center around use management, lead time for new systems (6 years), and the gambles involved in purchasing new, but expensive ($1 million) hardware. Most authors of these papers work in the computer facility of the National Center for At- mospheric Research. They discuss the use of the computers, hardware, software, graphics, mass storage, management, personnel training, remote access and networks. (fcs)

5. Expeditions, research programs, etc.

80:3461 Heirtzler, J. R., 1980. Deep ocean dril l ing pro-

gram. Eos, 61(4): p. 33.

The new ocean margin drilling program (OMDP) for Gloraar Explorer will cost $700 million, and has raised questions concerning its effect on funding for other areas (e.g., active continental margins) and other programs (e.g., use of the hydraulic piston corer which, on Glomar Explorer, may not be cost effective). Assurances have been made that the OMDP will not have such adverse effects. (fcs)

498 F. General 0LR(1980)27(7)

80:3462 Hempel, G., D. Sahrhage, W. Schreiber and R.

Steinberg, 1979. Antarktis-Expedition 1977/78 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. [Antarctic Expedition 1977/78 of the Federal Republic of Germany.] Arch. FischWiss., 30(1): 119 pp.

Austral summer research on natural human food resources, primarily Euphausia superba and fish, included a broad spectrum of biological and hydrographic investigations; successful semi- commercial krill fishing with a pelagic krill trawl; and experimentation with processing techniques for the production of krill meat, powder and meal. Includes ca. 125 references. Ins t i tu te fur Meereskunde an der Universitat Kiel, Kiel, F.R.G. (smf)

80:3463 Kerr, R. A., 1980. Explorer: can oil and science

mix? Science, 207(4431): 627-628.

Funding for the costly Glomar Explorer (which can drill only 1 or 2 holes per year on the Atlantic margin at a cost of about $60 million) appears to depend on a nearly impossible marriage of research pursuits (e.g., learning how the Earth works) and industry needs (oil and gas prospecting): the even- tual drilling program must satisfy all parties, in- cluding the U.S. Congress. (smf)

80:3464 Semtner, Albert, 1979. Ocean basin modeling.

Atmos. Technol., 11: 24-25.

NCAR's (National Center for Atmospheric Research) present work on synoptic-scale eddies and their effects on large-scale ocean basin circula- tion; its data processing facilities, repositories and graphics capabilities; and some preliminary successes in simulating equatorial Pacific and Gulf Stream phenomena are briefly described. NCAR, Boulder, Colo., U.S.A. (izs)

6. Internat ional concerns and organizat ions

80:3465 Hariri, K. I., 1979. Fisheries joint ventures and

the developing countries. Mar. Affairs J., 6: 100-112.

Multiple aspects of joint fisheries ventures are con- sidered; among them are: development strategies for developing countries, impact of multinational corporation fishing fleets on such facets as marketing and local employment, and control of decision-making by host countries usually through

governmental involvement or instruments of policy. Public Corporation for Fish Wealth, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. (smf)

9. Area studies (mult idiscipl inary)

80:3466 Dyer, Ira and Arthur Baggeroer, 1980. Fram 2 in

the eastern Arctic Ocean. Eos, 61(4): p. 34.

The U.S. Office of Naval Research's Fram 2 experi- ment (spring 1980) is described as a mul- t id i sc ip l ina ry effort emphas iz ing marine geophysics, physical oceanography and underwater acoustics. Involving personnel from 9 academic, oceanographic, naval and governmental in- stitutions, and utilizing remote sensing, seismic reflection and refraction, and acoustic transmis- sion and reverberation, the program centers on the Pole Abyssal Plain in the eastern Arctic Ocean. Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. (izs)

80:3467 Simpson, J. H., D. J. Edelsten, A. Edwards, N. C.

G. Morris and P. B. Tett, 1979. The Islay Front: p h y s i c a l s t r u c t u r e and phytoplankton distribution. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci., 9(6): 713-726.

The Islay Front between the Scottish and Irish coasts is a shelf sea front primarily influenced by salinity and secondarily by temperature. Residual currents ~20 cm/s parallel the front and the observed velocity shear is of the same order as the inferred geostrophic shear. Frontal chlorophyll measurements are vertically stratified and show a several times greater phytoplankton standing crop than do inshore waters. Influences of physical and biological processes on frontal productivity are dis- cussed. Includes 2 satellite images. Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales.(izs)

80:3468 Vacher, H. L. and J. F. Ayers, 1980. Hydrology of

small oceanic islands: utility of an estimate of recharge inferred from the chloride con- centration of the freshwater lenses. J. Hydrol., 45(1/2): 21-37.

Because rainfall in coastal and island areas has significant chloride concentrations, and because evapotranspiration from freshwater reservoirs acts to increase these concentrations, recharge rates of freshwater supplies can be inexpensively estimated from the chloride concentration ratio of rainfall

0LR(1980)27(7) F. General 499

and reservoir water. A comparison of this method with standard hydrogeological techniques in Ber- muda shows good agreement. (Bermuda, inciden- tally, occasionally barges freshwater from the U.S.) Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. 99164, U.S.A. (fcs)

10. Studies or reviews of general interest

80:3469 Wigley, T. M. L., P. D. Jones and P. M. Kelly,

1980. Scenario for a warm, high-CO2 world. Nature, Lond., 283(5742): 17-21.

Global warming due (for example) to atmospheric anthropogenic CO2 increases would result in major circulation changes and geographic redistributions of temperature, precipitation and winds. At the very least agricultural zones would shift. A scenario for these patterns is explored. Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. (fcs)

14. Engineering and industry

80:3470 Chakrabarti, S. K. and D. C. Cotter, 1980.

Transverse motion of an articulated tower. J. WatWay Port coast. Ocean Div., Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, 106(WWl): 65-78.

Transverse forces are determined from the lift coef- ficients which are considered known. The transverse motions are then computed by solving a second order differential equation. A test is per- formed on a rigid articulated tower model. Marine Research and Development, Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Plainfield, Ill., U.S.A.

80:3471 Masterson, D. M. and H. R. Kivisild, 1980.

Floating ice platforms: offshore oil explora- tion. J. struct. Div., Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, 106(ST1): 133-143.

Offshore exploratory drilling from thickened, floating ice platforms in the Canadian arctic islands is described. Design procedures, based on elastic plate theory and finite element analysis, are used in conjunction with a reduced elastic modulus to predict long-term deflections; methods of monitoring vertical deflections and strains through the ice are described. Arctic Division, Fenco Con- sultants, Ltd., Calgary, Canada.

15. History and contemporary de- velopment of oceanography and re- lated sciences

80:3472 Greenberg, Dan, 1980. The politics of American

science. New Scient., 85(1190): 149-151.

While 'senior boffins prophesy doom , . . unless more money and less accountability are not in- stantly forthcoming from Washington,' the National Science Foundation will dispense more than $1 billion in grants, and, overall, the nation will spend $50 billion on research this year--not really an unhealthy state of affairs. (fcs)

80:3473 Richardson, P. L., 1980. Benjamin Franklin and

Timothy Folger's first printed chart of the Gulf Stream. Science, 207(4431): 643-645.

The discovery in September 1978 of two prints of the Franklin-Folger chart (1769-1770) in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris terminated their nearly 200 years of inexplicable loss. Impetus for and creation of the original chart; its physical description and legend; its importance as a sum- mary of the width, course and strength of the Gulf Stream; and the differences between these prints and other versions are discussed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A. (izs)

80:3474 Wood, R. M., 1980. Coming apart at the seams:

Alfred Wegener, the founder of continental drift--or was he? New Scient., 85(1191): 252- 254.

While Alfred Wegener is rightly credited with developing and propounding a comprehensive theory of continental drift, many of its key elements can be traced to predecessors including W. H. Pickering (English), Frank Bursley Taylor (American) and Edward Suess (Austrian). Trinity Hall, Cambridge, England. (fcs)

17. Marine policy and law, leases, treaties, etc.

80:3475 Vild, B. F., 1979. State government and OCS

policy: an analysis of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act and the 1978 amendments. Mar. Affairs J., 6: 39-59.

500 F. General OLR(1980)27(7)

The 1978 amendments, their implementing regulations, and the Intergovernmental Planning Program (DOI) provide a reformed process for state and local governments' participation in offshore energy development that also demands from them responsibility and initiative for ongoing planning and industry and federal contacts. In return, they can expect to receive much informa- tion from private and public sectors for use in plan- ning. Marine Affairs Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02881, U.S.A. (smf)

Tracer studies in the inner Oslofjord were in agree- ment with the standard theoretical model of the in- itial dilution and near-zone spreading of sewage from a submerged outlet. Topological effects were noted and included in a simple dynamic model which related sewage flow rates, layer thicknesses and density gradients. Flow beyond the near-zone was modelled in terms of internal flow along the western boundary, the Coriolis force and frictional forces. Postboks 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (rio)

80:3476 Watt, D. C., 1980. Integrated policy for the

oceans: teaching in the university world. Mar. Policy, 4(1): 67-68.

The variety of academic proposals for university marine policy programs throughout the world (U.S., Norway, Netherlands, Canada, Malta and U.K.) illustrates the infant state of this 'new' sub- ject, which continues to evolve from such dis- ciplines as traditional university marine sciences programs, commercial education, international sea law and economics. This brief account focuses on the new MSC program (London School of Economics) in 'Sea-Use: Law, Economics and Policy-Making,' which was designed as a selective post-experience course for civil servants. London School of Economics and Political Science, Lon- don, U.K. (smf)

18. Waste disposal and pollution

80:3477 Almquist, C. W. and K. D. Stolzenbach, 1980.

Staged multiport diffusers. J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. civ. Engrs, 106(HY2): 285-302.

A staged multiport diffuser is schematized as an equivalent line source of momentum, neglecting the effects of effluent volume and buoyancy fluxes. Center-line effluent concentrations inferred from the predicted volumetric dilution induced by the diffuser discharge are in good agreement with values observed in laboratory scale models of staged diffusers. The theory is found to be applicable to the design of staged diffusers in coastal receiving waters. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Tex., U.S.A.

80:3479 Eagle, R. A., P. A. Hardiman, M. G. Norton, R. S.

Nunny and M. S. Rolfe, 1979. The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea. V. The disposal of solid wastes off the north-east coast of England. Fish. Res. tech. Rept, Minist. Agric. Fish. Fd, Gt Br., 51:34 pP.

The highly industrialized Northumberland coastline provides many offshore sites for the dis- posal of mining and power plant wastes. In one of a series of periodic monitoring surveys to characterize dump areas, identify deposit sites and dispersal pathways, and assess effects on sediments and biota, it was determined that (1) the actual dump area is over three times the area licensed for dumping, (2) severe depletion of the benthos occurs in areas of intensive dumping, and (3) possible reduction of fisheries productivity may be due to both the direct interference with trawling and potting and the smothering of crab and lobster habitats. Includes species lists. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, England. (smf)

80:3480 Malins, D. C., 1980. Pollution of the marine en-

vironment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 14(1): 32- 37.

An interdisciplinary approach to identifying chemical pollutants in the marine environment and determining their effects on the health of marine organisms is described. The complexities of chemical identification, interaction processes and interactive effects are highlighted. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, Wash. 98112, U.S.A. (smf)

80:3478 Bjerkeng, B. and J. Magnusson, 1978/79. Dilution

and spreading of sewage from a submerged outlet into seawater. (In Norwegian; English summary.) Arbok norsk Inst. Vannforsk., 1978: 27 -35.

80:3481 Markov, H. T. and G. A. Andreev, 1979. The role

of physico-oeeanographic factors and the problem of the hygiene of the Bulgarian Black Sea offshore area. (In Russian; English abstract.) Oceanology, Sofia, 3: 7-16.

OLR(1980)27(7) F. General 501

Studies of indicators related to pollution (biochemical need for oxygen, oxidation capacity, ammonia, oil products, etc.) were conducted in the shallow-water zone off the Bulgarian coast. Results confirm the role played by physico-oceanographic factors in the spreading and dispersion of wastewaters. The low density of these waters and the quasi-homogeneous water layer are not oppor- tune for pollutant transfer in Varna Bay under con- ditions of northwestern and eastern winds.

80:3482 Mileikovsky, S. A., 1979. Volume of oil pol lut ion

of the World Ocean: a rev i ew of the l i terature. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 829-834.

Based on comparisons and analyses of different es- timates, the general volume of oil pollution of the World Ocean is estimated to be 3.28 to 25.0 million tons each year. (smf)

80:3483 Nagelmackers, H.-G., 1980. Aftermath of the

Amoco Cadiz: w h y m u s t the European Com- munity act? Mar. Policy, 4(1): 3-18.

Social, ecological and economic consequences of the Amoco Cadiz and Betelgeuse disasters il- lustrate that current European regional preventive action for oil pollution prevention is ineffective, and clean-up measures remain experimental. The history of EEC action, especially interaction of the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, following the Amoco Cadiz event, is described; measures for prevention of marine oil pollution as well as European Community action areas are outlined. Environment and Consumer Protection Service, Commission of the European Communities, rue de la Loi 200, B-1049, Brussels, Belgium. (smf)

80:3484 Vrale, Lasse, 1978/79. Four years of fu l l scale

e x p e r i e n c e w i t h l i m e and s e a w a t e r precipi tat ion of w a s t e w a t e r . (In Norwegian; English abstract.) Arbok norsk Inst. Vann- forsk., 1978: 97-104.

The addition of small amounts of seawater (1-2%) has proven to be effective in increasing the efficien- cy of phosphorous removal from wastewater by lime precipitation. This enhanced removal ef- ficiency is credited to the increased level of magnesium supplied by the seawater. Postboks 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (bwt)

19. Resources, resource manage- ment, and economics

80:3485 Buras, N. and P. Darr, 1979. An evaluat ion of

marg ina l waters [brackish and urban waste] as a natural resource in Israel . Wit. Resour. Res., 15(6): 1349-1353. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.

80:3486 Chugunov, Yu. D., 1979. The first mar ine park

[Far East State Marine Park] in the Soviet Far East [Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan]. (In Russian; English abstract.) Biol. mot., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1979(4): 74-79 + 48 plates. Includes 80 color photos of the park's flora and fauna. Far East State Marine Park, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, U.S.S.R.

80:3487 Lawson, R. M., 1980. Post -eva luat ion of f isheries

projects. Mar. Policy, 4(1): 42-51.

Successful fisheries aid to less developed countries by multilateral development banks can encourage levels of capitalization which the industry cannot sustain. This examination of post-aid evaluation techniques as currently used by the banks suggests that aid should be based on accurate and adequate evaluations of the resource base and on economic studies which go beyond the confines of the aid projects and of the fisheries sectors. Department of Economics and Commerce, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K. (smf)

80:3488 Lovell, R. T., 1979. Fish cul ture in the United

States . Science, 206(4425): 1368-1372.

Despite good reasons for Americans to prefer fish to red meat (among them: superior protein quality, lower caloric content and lower energy cost of pro- tein gain), this is not yet the case. Some con- straints on large scale aquaculture development, which could make fish competitive with meat for the protein dollar, are: increasing demand for alternative use of culture sites, especially in coastal areas; lack of consumer exposure to some species; occasional off-flavors; and the lack of a national aquaculture program. However, a broad range of resultant economic factors (e.g., reduction of U.S. dependence on imports, productive use of otherwise unproductive land and water resources) assures that aquaculture will have a strong role in future U.S. food production. Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn Univer- sity, Auburn, Ala. 36830, U.S.A. (smf)

502 F. General OLR(1980)27(7)

80:3489 McColl, R. A., 1980. Consequences for the fishing

industry of oil industry debris. (Viewpoint.) Mar. Policy, 4(1): 61-63.

Drums, drillheads, buoys, wires, hawsers--jet- tisoned, or having come adrift, this debris fouls fishing gear, wrecks boats and causes injury. The U. K. Offshore Operators Association urges good housekeeping by its members. But the fishermen observe that these petitions are not sufficient. They want all equipment durably marked as to ownership, so they will know whom to sue. The owners don't relish this prospect, and there is foot- dragging in all quarters. Scottish Fishermen's Federation, Aberdeen, U.K. (fcs)

80:3490 Robinson, M. A., 1980. World fisheries to 2000:

supply, demand and management. Mar. Policy, 4(1): 19-32.

The sharp decline in the rate of growth of the world fish catch during the past decade, worldwide trends in fishery production, projections of future catch by species and area, fisheries management, possibilities of increased catch, and supply and de- mand trends are discussed in the context of 'the new regime of the sea.' Associated topics such as the management of oceanic species, common stocks, demarcation issues, use conflict within the coastal zone, shoreline development, pollution, offshore mining, and oil production are briefly con- sidered. Perspective Studies Unit, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. (izs)

80:3491 Titcomb, Margaret, D. B. Fellows, M. K. Pukui

and D. M. Devaney, 1978. Native use of marine invertebrates in old Hawaii . Pacif. Sci., 32(4): 325-386. Includes photos, micrographs and taxonomic, vernacular and Hawaiian name indexes. Bishop Museum, P. O. Box 19000-A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819, U.S.A.

80:3492 Warren, Robert, ed., 1979. Urban coasta l

management. (Special issue.) Coast. Zone Mgmt J., 6(2/3): 125-252; 6 papers.

The use of municipal shorelines as an urban resource (indeed, as a city's last frontier for economic development and amenities enhance- ment) is gaining recognition and is the subject of this special issue. The existing substantial literature and activity concerning the coastal zone relate primarily to non-urban areas. These papers

address that gap and discuss agenda building and policy issues, and positive steps to facilitate cities in planning and managing their shorelines. Urban Affairs and Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Del., U.S.A. (smf}

20. E d u c a t i o n a l l i terature, n e w s reports , etc.

80:3493 Gibson, Victoria and George Grice, 1980. The big

bag: a compromise between a beaker and a bay. Oceans, 13(1): 21-25.

Large (~-350,000 gal) enclosed ecosystems such as those used by the CEPEX program offer an alter- native to the 'gross oversimplification' of laboratory experiments and to the 'bewildering complexities' of the real world. In-situ contain- ment of seawater in huge bags allows periodic observation of the natural plant and animal com- munities, manipulation of many parameters (nutrients, pollutants, light, etc.) and provides in- sights into ecosystem dynamics. Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A. (smf)

80:3494 Jacobs, Beth, 1980. Windmills in the salt

marshes: evaporating the seawater in San Francisco Bay. Oceans, 13(1): 7-10.

80:3495 Packard, Robert, 1980. Peninsula in evolution:

old and new Cape Cod [Massachusetts]. Oceans, 13(1): 36-44. Humanities Department, Stevens Institution of Technology, N.J., U.S.A.

80:3496 Paulson, A. C., 1980. The coral atol l - -an oasis in

the desert. Sea Front., 26(1):36-43.

80:3497 Sobey, Ed, 1980. The ocean-climate connection.

Sea Front., 26(1): 25-30.

80:3498 Torrey, Lee, 1980. Black tide from the Bay of

Campeche. New Scient., 85(1191): 243-245.

Assessment of the biological effects of the Campeche blowout (which occurred in June 1979 and continues to release 8000 barrels of light crude each day) is hampered by a general lack of baseline data and by seasonal and storm effects that could account for some of the observed changes in biota. However, continued close monitoring is yielding

0LR(1980)27(7) F. General 503

new inibrmation about the fate of hydrocarbons in the marine environment. (smf)

80:3499 Vietmeyer, N. D., 1980. The narwhal , a little-

known and elusive Arctic whale, inspired the myth of the unicorn. Smithsonian, 10(11): 118-124. Includes several color photos.

80:3500 Wicksten, M. K., 1980. Decorator crabs. Scient.

Am., 242(2): 146-154.

Recent findings about camouflage behavior (which consists of the animal's collecting, preparing and affixing algae, detritus, portions of bryozoans, hydroids, sponges or compound ascidians to its setae) in some spider crabs are discussed. Other protective aspects of the decorations (e.g., masquerading, unpalatable taste) are considered, as well as the possible evolutionary relationship between feeding activity and camouflage behavior. Includes drawings and 1 color photo. (smf)

80:3501 Wyrtki, Klaus, 1979. El Nino. Recherche, 106:

1212-1220. Oceanography Depa r tmen t , University of Hawaii, Hawaii, U.S.A.

22. Miscel laneous

80:3502 Anon, 1980. Beaufort Sea map. Offshore, 40(1): p.

145.

The colorful wall-size map of the Beaufort Sea region and its Alaskan coastline depicts block locations.

80:3503 Dixon, T. R. and T. J. Dixon, 1979. Munitions in

Brit ish coastal waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 10(12): 352-357.

Concern about human health hazards arising from the wide distribution of munitions in British coastal waters appears unwarranted provided that the public is warned about the possible dangers of tampering with munitions, that Royal Navy explosives units remain available indefinitely, and that locations of all wrecks containing munitions are charted. School of Science and Environmental Studies, Buckinghamshire College of Higher Educat ion, Queen Alexandra Road, High Wycombe, HP11 2JZ, U.K. (izs)