GENERAL MACHINIST GROUP - Tamilnadu Council

GENERAL

MACHINIST

GROUP

CLASS XII - TAMIL

nghJj;jkpo; Nfl;ly;

myF jpwd; ghlg;nghUs; fw;wy; nray;ghL Jizf; fUtp

1. Nfl;l gFjpapd; cl;nghUs; mwpjy;. fye;Jiuahly; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J, xUFO fye;Jiuahb xU FO gjpT nra;jy;

FOtpd; Ngr;R

2. Nfl;Fk; NghNj ,yf;fzl;gpiofis ,dq;fhzy

Ciuahly thndhyp Nfl;ly;, nra;jpfs; Nfl;ly;.

fl;l nra;jpfisf; (ngw;Nwhu; %yKk; thndhyp %yKk;) Fwpj;J tUjy; thndhyp

3. NgRNthupd; Nehf;fk; mwpjy; Nkilg;Ngr;R Nkilg;Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;Lg; NgRNthupd; khWgLk; / cld;ghLk; fUj;Jfisf; Nfl;ly Nkilg;Ngr;R

4. Ngr;irf; Nfl;L cz;ik / fUj;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ljy

nrhw;nghopT, nghJj; njhlu;G tpsk;guk;.

Nkilg; Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;Lg; NgRNthu; $Wk; cz;ik – fUj;Jfis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;ly;.

Nkilg;Ngr;R

NgRjy;


1. Nfl;l gFjpapd; cl;nghUs; mwpjy;. fye;Jiuahly; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J, xUFO fye;Jiuahb xU FO gjpT nra;jy;

FOtpd; Ngr;R

2. Nfl;Fk; NghNj ,yf;fzl;gpiofis ,dq;fhzy

Ciuahly thndhyp Nfl;ly;, nra;jpfs; Nfl;ly;.

fl;l nra;jpfisf; (ngw;Nwhu; %yKk; thndhyp %yKk;) Fwpj;J tUjy; thndhyp

3. NgRNthupd; Nehf;fk; mwpjy; Nkilg;Ngr;R Nkilg;Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;Lg; NgRNthupd; khWgLk; / cld;ghLk; fUj;Jfisf; Nfl;ly Nkilg;Ngr;R

4. Ngr;irf; Nfl;L cz;ik / fUj;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ljy

nrhw;nghopT, nghJj; njhlu;G tpsk;guk;.

Nkilg; Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;Lg; NgRNthu; $Wk; cz;ik – fUj;Jfis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;ly;.

Nkilg;Ngr;R

5. fye;Jiuahly; FOthfg; gpupj;J gs;spj; Njitfs; ew;gof;fq;fs; Kjypad gw;wp fye;Jiuahly;

khztu;fisf; fye;Jiuahlr; nra;j (gs;spj; Njitfs;) midtUk; mjpy; fUj;Jfisj; njuptpf;fpd;wduh vd Nehf;f Ntz;Lk; NgrhjpUf;Fk; khztiu Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;

gbj;jy;


1. nghUs; czu;Tf;F Vw;gg; gpupj;Jk; N r u ; e ; j J k ; e p W j ; j f ; F w p e ; J k ; gbj;jy;

Ciueil nra;As; ghlg; gFjpapYs;s ciueil nra;As; Mfpadtw;iwg; nghUs; gbf;fr; nra;jy;

tpsf;fg; gFjpfs; mlq;fpa ml;il

2.

gbf;Fk; gFjpapy; mike;j eak; tha;e;j nrhw;fis milahsk; fhzy;

Ciueil nra;As; ghlE}ypYs;s gFjpfisg; gbf;fr; nra;J nghUl; nrwpT tha;e;j nrhw;fisg; gl;bayplr; nra;jy;

khjpupg; gj;jpfs; nra;As;fs;

3. gFjpr; RUf;fk; mwpa cjTk; nrhw;fs; njhlu;fis milahsk; fhzy;

Jizg;ghlk; gbj;j gFjpfspy; nghUl;RUf;fj;ijj; jUk; Fwpg;Gfis vOjr; nra;jy;

khjpupg; gj;jpfs; nra;As;fs;

4. Fwpg;G jpul;Lk; Nehf;fpy; gbj;jy; ghlE}ypYs;s midj;Jg; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; Jizg;ghlk;

ghlg;gFjpapYs;s fUj;Jr; nrwpthd gFjpfSf;F tpsf;fk; jpul;l mfuhjp fiyf;fsQ;rpak; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jjy; nrhy;yilT nghUsilT Nkw;nfhs; gl;bay; nghUslf;fk; Mfpadtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jr; nra;jy;

Nkilg;Ngr;R

5. gpwu; Nfl;LzUk; tifapy; gbj;jy;

nra;jpj;jhs;fs; mwptpg;Gfs; fbjq;fs;

Nfl;gtu; epiyf;Nfw;g tpiuT mOj;jk; epWj;jk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; ifahsg; gapw;rpaspj;jy;

nra;jpj;jhs;fs; mwpf;iffs;

vOJjy


1. nghUs; jLkhw;wkpd;wp Vw;w nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L njhluikj;jy;

tUzidf; fl;Liufs; tUzidr; nrhw;fs; mikj;J xd;iwg; gw;wpj; njhlu;fs; vOjr; nra;jy;

khjpupj; njhlu;fs;

2. nra;jpfis epuy;glTk; njhlu;gwhkYk; epfo;r;rpfs; fijfs; vOJjy;

nra;jpfs; epfo;r;rpfs; fijfs;

epfo;r;rpfs; fijfs; vOjr; nra;jy; k h j p u p g; gj;jpfs;

3. re;jpg; gpiofspd;wp vOJjy; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs; kpfh ,lq;fs; re;jpg; gpiofis ,dk; fhzy; jpUj;Jjy;

re;jpg; gpiofspd; jpUj;jq;fisf; fhl;Lk; njhlu;fs;

4. tpsk;guj; njhlu;fis vOJjy;

cupa jiyg;Gfs; (midtUf;Fk; fy;tp r p W F L k ; g newp Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu; xopg;G xUikg;ghL Nghd;w jiyg;Gfs;

jiyg;Gfisf; nfhLj;J Vw;w tpsk;guj;njhlu;fs; vOjr; nra;jy;

khjpup tpsk;guj; njhlu;fs;

5. fl;Liu vOJjy; jPu;;khdq;fs; kjpg;Giu jPu;khdq;fs; kjpg;Giufs; vOjr; nra;jy;

cl;jiyg;Gfisf; nfhz;l khjpup kjpg;Giu jPu;khdq;fs;

6. gbj;j Nfl;l gFjpfSf;fhd Fwpg;G vOJjy;

gy;NtW jiyg;GfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; vOjr; nra;jy; khjpupf; Fwpg;Gfs;

7. gbj;j Nfl;l gFjpfis tpupj;Jk; RUf;fpAk; vOJjy;

nrhw;nghopT Jizg;ghlf; fijfs; fl;Liufs;

nrhw;nghopT fijfs; fl;Liufs; Mfpadtw;iwf; Nfl;L Fwpg;G vLf;fr; nra;jy;

khjpupf; Fwpg;Gfs

8. nkhop ngau;j;jy; vspa Mq;fpyg; gj;jpfs; gonkhopfs; / kuGj; njhlu;fs;

gonkhopfs; kuGj; njhlu;fs; Mq;fpyg;gj;jpfis nkhopngau;f;f gbg;gbahd tsu;r;rp epiyapy; gapw;rpfs; mspj;jy;

nkhopngau;g;G tsu;r;rp epiyfisf; fhl;Lk; tiuTfs;

rpwg;Gjkpo Nfl;ly


1. Ngr;R eil NtWghl;il ,dq;fhzy;

jpU.tp.f.kiwkiyabfs; uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is;> mwpQu; mz;zh vOjpa ciueilg;gFjpfs; nrhw;nghopTfs;.

ciueilg; gFjpiag; gbf;ff; Nfl;L eil NtWghl;il ,dq;fhzr; nra;jy;

Xypg;gjpTfs;

2. Nfl;gdtw;Wd; vJ cz;ik vJ fUj;J vdj; njspthff; $Wjy;

fUj;J – cz;ik mwpar; nra;jy; Xyp ehlh

3. tof;fhL kd;wk; fUj;Jf;Nfhit Kjypa epfo;r;rpfisj; Nfl;Lj; jpwdha;T nra;jy;.

tof;fhL kd;wk; xU nghUs;gw;wp gyu; $Wk; fUj;Jfs;

tof;fhL kd;wk; Nfl;ly; xU nghUs; gw;wpg; gyu; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fis Nfl;ly; ,dk; fhzy;

Xypg;gjpTfs;

4. nra;As; gbg;gijf; Nfl;L XirahJ vdf; $Wjy;

ntz;gh – mftw;gh – fypg;gh –tQ;rpg;gh

ghf;fis XirNahL gbj;jiyf; Nfl;ly; ,dk;

5. GJf;ftpij> i`f;$ ftpijfisf; Nfl;Lr; rpwg;gpay;G $Wjy;

GJf;ftpijfs;> i`f;$ ftpijfs;

GJf;ftpijfs; - i`f;$ ftpijfisf; Nfl;ly; rpwg;gpay;Gfisr; Rl;Ljy;

Xypg;gjpTfs;

6. kuGj;njhlu;> gonkhopfs; ,iznkhopfs; ,tw;iwf; Nfl;L> NtWghLfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;

kuGj; njhlu; - gonkhopfs; ,iz nkhopfs;

kug;j; njhlu;> gonkhop ,iz nkhopfs; NtWghL mwpe;J $Wjy;.

Xypg;gjpTfs;

7. ,irj;jl;Lfisf; Nfl;ly; ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly; fu;ehlf ,ir – Nkw;fj;jpa ,ir

,irj;jl;Lfif; Nfl;L ,ir NtWghL> $Wjy; fUj;Jf; $WJy;

Xypg;gjpTfs;

NgRjy; myF j pwd ; ghlg;nghUs; fw;wy; nray;ghL Jizf; fUtp

1 tUzpj;Jg; NgRjy; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs;

,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis tUzpj;Jg; Ngrr; nra;jy; (tUzidr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;b tUzid

tUzid toq;fy;

2 rpNyilahfg; NgRjy;

rpNyilj; njhlu;fs; rpNyilj; njhlu;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ngrr;nra;jy; N g r ; R f s ;

cupa fiyr;nrhw;fis gad;gLj;jpg; NgRjy;

,yf;fzr; fiyf;nrhw;fs; mwptpay; gad;ghL nghUs;fspd; ngah; fiyr;nrhw;fs; ciueilg;lhlk;

fiyr;nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; NgRjy;

fiyr;nrhw;fspd; gl;bay;

3

4 Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;bg; NgRjy; gy nghUs; gw;wpa NkwNfhs;fs; Nkilg;Ngr;R

jiyg;Gfs; toq;fpg; Ngrj; nra;jy; -Nkw;Nfhs;fs; fhl;bg; NgRjy;

N g r ; R f s ;

mLf;F nkhop NgRjy;

vJif Nkhidf;nrhw;fs njhlu;fs; - ciueilg;ghlk; uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is mwpQu; mz;zh Nghd;Nwhu; cileil

mLf;Fnkhop g a d ; g L j ; j p g ; Ngr;R jahupj;jy;> NgRtjw;Fg; gof;Fjy;

khjphpg;Ngr;Rfs; 5

6 fUj;juq;fk; fye;Jiuahlypy; fye;J NgRjy;

fUj;juq;fk; jiyg;Gfs; fiye;Jiuahly; nghUs;

khzth;fisf; FOthfg; gpupj;J fye;Jiuahlypy; fUj;juq;fj;jpy; gq;Nfw;fr; nra;jy;

K h j p h p ciuahly;fs;

7 nghUSzu;Tf;F Vw;g cupa Ntfj;jpy; gbj;jy;

ciueilfl;Liu Gbj;Jf; fhl;b – khztiug; gbf;fr; nra;J Ntfj;ijf; fzf;fply; k h j p u p g; gbg;G

8 nra;ASf;Fupa Xir (m) re;jj;NjhL gbj;jy;

nra;Al; gFjp ntz;gh – tpUj;jk; - mftw;gh re;jg;ghly;fs;

ghliyg; gbf;fr; nra;jy; nghUs; czu;jiyAk; Ntfj;ijAk; fzf;fply. X y p e h l h

nra;jpj;jhisg; nghUs; czu;Tf; Nfw;g vLj;Jk; gLj;Jk; gbj;jy;

ehs; ,jo;fs; thu ,jo;fis gbf;fr; nra;jy; nkhop Ml;rpf;Fg; $Wfis ,dk; fhzr; nrajy;;

ehs; ,jo;fs;> thu 9 ehs; ,jo;fs; > thu ,jo;fs; ,jo;fs.

1 0 nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;L Fwpg;G vOJjy; nrhw;nghopTfs. (xypehlh)

nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;L Fwpg;G vOjr; nra;jy; X y p e h l h gjpTfs;

1 1 vLj;j wpg;ig tpupj;J vOJjy; nrhw;nrhw;nghopTfis ( x y p e h l h g ; gjpTfs;)

Fwpg;Gfis tpupj;J vOjr; nra;jy; X y p e h l h gjpTfs;

1 2

nfhLf;fg;gLk; Fwpg;Gfis fl;Liu vOJjjy; nfhLf;fg;gLk; Fwpg;Gfis

jiyg;GfSf;fhd Fw;g;Gr; rl;lfk; Fwpg;Gfis tpupj;J fl;Liu vOJjy; F w p g ; G r ; rl;lfk;

vOjpa ml;ilfs;

1 3 nfhz;L fij vOJjjy; fijf; Fwpg;Gfs; fijf; Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;L fij vOJjy; fijf; Fwpg;G vOjpa ml;ilfs;

1 4 nfhLf;fg;gLk; fijia ehlfkhf vOJjjy; rpWfijfs; fijf; epfo;r;rpfs; ciueilahf ehlfkhf

vOjy; nra;jy; fijf; Fwpg;G vOjpa ml;ilfs;

,yf;fzk;


n g a u ; 1 nkhopkuig vLj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;

M F n g a u ; E } w ; g h 290 fw;wy; nray;ghL Jizf;fUtp

tpid2

tpidr;nrhy; tiffis mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jjy; tpidr;nrhw;fis xUtbtj;jpypUe;J NtW tbtj;jpw;F khw;Wjy;

E } w ; g h 2 0 > 2 1 > 2 2 > 2 3 E}w;ghit tpsf;Fjy; nrhy;tbtikg;G khw;wq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Ljy; - tbtkhw;wk; nra;ag;gapw;rpaspj;jy;

E}w;gh vOjpa ml;il

,ilap nrhy;tif ,dk;fhzy; E}w;gh 420

E}w;ghit tpsf;Fjy; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUjy;

E}w;gh vOjpa ml;il ay;3

c u p a p a y; 4

nrhy;tif ,dk; fhzy; capupdg; ghFghLfisf; $Wjy;

E } w ; g h 4 2 2 > 4 4 5 > 4 4 6 > 4 4 7 > 448> 449>450

E}w;ghf;fis tpsf;Fjy; capupdg; ghFghl;bd; Ez;ikapd;ik tpsf;Fjy;

E}w;gh vOjpa ml;il

a h g ; G 5

ghly; Gidjy; GJf;ftpij i`f;$

GJf;ftpij> i`f;$ ,yf;fzk; $wp vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUjy; GJf;ftpij i`f;$ nra;jy; tQrpg;gh ,yf;fzj;ij tpsf;Fjy;

khjpupf; ftpijfs;

mzp 6 mzpfis ,dk; fhzy;

g p w p J n k h o p j y ; j w ; F w p g ; N g w ; w k ; > tQrg;Gfo;r;rp> rpNyil> N t w ; W i k > N t w ; W g ; n g h U s ; itg;G

,yf;fpaj;jpy. Mzpfis vLj;Jf;fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;

khjpupr; nra;As;fs;

Class XII - English

UNIT-1 A. Vocabulary Competencies

Competencies to the developed Giving the meanings of different words.

Identifying these words in different written/spoken contexts

Using these words in speech/writing

Using the dictionary independently

Using/identifying the whole gamut of a words including usage

Using the Thesaurus to find Synonyms and Antonyms

Using/identifying words related to computers, media, space, science & technology, pollution/environment.

Using/identifying words related to computers, media, space, science & technology, pollution/environment

Identifying words in their extensive reading and relating them meaningfully Narrating what

they read (speech/ writing) Increasing their vocabulary and using words identified while

reading.

Using/identifying words belonging to different semantic networks in speech/ writing Using words according to their grammatical function

Content:-

MEANINGS Lexical meanings for words Meanings in context Synonyms /Antonyms

Independent use of dictionary

Use of thesaurus and Dictionary for Synonyms & Antonyms

Revision and words related to computers, media, space, science & technology, pollution/ environment

Corresponding words in American English for words in British English Independent Extensive

Reading Words belonging to different semantic fields Grammatical function Words which act as more than one part of Speech.

Examples /Illustration

Collect v.t/i together A large crowd gathered outside to go and get someone or

something from a place Collect your books from the library to check the feelings and emotions

He managed to collect himself after the initial shock Syn. gather, fetch, control Ant. Scatter -

collection, collective, collector quick adj. 1. Moving fast; able to do things in a short time 2.

Active, prompt Syn. agile, brisk Ant. slow, lazy - quickness, quickly USAGE quicker: more

quickly. Quicker when we are thinking of length of time. More quickly for speed. Eg. The

Shatabdi Exp. Takes you there quicker than than any there train. The Shatabdi takes you

there more quickly than any other train Courteous Syn. Civil, affable, polite, refined, urbane,

well-bred, and well mannered.

Ant. discourteous, rude, uncivil, unkind, impolite, ill-mannered, disrespectful virus,

hacker, email, spread-sheet, scanner, database; TV commercial, so appear, satellite dish,

block-buster; launch, countdown, space-craft, satellite, robot, launch-pad, cosmonaut, space

shuttle; radio-active, relativity, ultra-violet; global warming, acid rain, deforestation, ozone

layer petrol - gas(gasoline) underground – subway pavement – sidewalk flat – apartment

ground floor – first floor crisps – chips aeroplane – airplane Newspaper (Supplementary

sections - Sports, Business, Science & technology, Metro plus); Frontline, India Today,

Reader's Digest; Abridged versions of classics by Dickens, Goldsmith, etc. Biographies

/Autobiographies of Indian leaders & Scientists Media - TV., Radio, cinema, newspaper,

journalism, reporting, compering, documentaries, satellite network like - (verb) Children like

sweets (noun) We shall not see his like again (preposition) Do not behave like that (adjective)

There are more of like, build and stature.

Transactional Strategies

Give the meaning in context using illustrative sentences Use the words in sentences and

ask the children to give the contextual meaning Give various Synonyms & Antonyms for the

word Ask the pupils to use the words in sentences Give sentences with a blank, and choices

within parentheses to be filled in the blank, and ask pupils to select the word from the choices

that will collocate with the word following the blank in the sentence. Eg. He was …in cold-

blood. (Murdered, soon it was a ---- scene, when stones were pelted at the shop windows.

(Together, ugly, alone, crowd, pretty, small) Ans.1. Alone together 2. Small crowd 3. Pretty ugly

Jigsaw puzzles: Clues are given across and down. Pieces of the jigsaw contain letters which

have to be fixed in answer to the clues, and the jigsaw to be completed. To begin it one piece is

fixed in place. Give the word/words and ask pupils to locate the word in the dictionary, with its

part of speech, meaning, Synonym/Antonym, derivatives, phrasal verbs, Usage, etc.

Give a list of words and ask students to prepare a Dictionary with the entries in the

alphabetical order; this could be a team work Give a list of words and ask students to write

down as many synonyms and antonyms as possible, using a thesaurus Use illustrative

sentences to explain the terms Ask students to pick out such words related to each field from

the media - television, newspaper, magazines, etc. Give the word in British English and the

corresponding word in American English Ask students to pick ut these words from the

newspapers /journals and when they watch various foreign TV channels, viz. BBC, CNN.

Instruct students to read during their leisure at home Ask the students to write

concisely what they have read Ask children to compare notes Ask pupils to make

presentations, conduct ebates, etc., on what has been read Give the name of set and ask

the students to generate words belonging to that set Give the different grammatical

functions of the same word, using illustrative sentences

Teaching Aids Suggested

Black board, chalk, charts, placards, flash cards, Dictionary Thesaurus, Dictionary

for Synonyms & Antonyms black board, chalk, charts, newspapers, magazines, television

black board, chalk, newspapers, journals, television Newspapers, Story books, Journals

black board, chalk, verbal instruction black board, chalk, charts.

UNIT-2

Competencies to the developed

Using syllabification for reading, spelling and speaking purposes, and for knowing the

stress pattern Content:-

Syllabification of polysyllabic words with exercises in spelling and reading and stress

Patterns Examples /Illustration : Ex-tra-ter-res-tri-al Transactional Strategies : Use a dictionary which includes the phonetic

transcription and explain the syllabifica0074ion and stress patterns Teaching Aids Suggested : Black board, colour chalk, Dictionary

UNIT-3 Competencies to the developed

Spelling words correctly Identifying words in confusing pairs Identifying

differences in spelling in British English and American English

Content:-

SPELLING Revision of all spelling rules more words often misspelt more words in

confusing pairs more words in British English with the correspond-ding spelling in

American English.


grammar, comparative, supplementary, gauge, necessary, harassment; piece

peace stationery stationary personal personnel desert dessert diary dairy conscious

conscience defence defines axe as modernise modernize worshipped worshiped backwards

backward towards toward.


Use examples, drill/exercises, to revise spelling rules Use the dictionary for

spelling Ask students to use he dictionary to check the spelling Drill the often misspelt

words Using illustrative sentences, bring out the difference in meaning and thereby the

spelling of these words Write the spelling on the black board and differentiate.


Forming words using different prefixes from the base Forming words using

different suffixes from the base Using these words in speech/writing Giving the expansion for

abbreviations and acronyms Using abbreviations/acorn yms in their speech/writing

Using/identifying compound words in their speech/ writing Using/identifying words formed by

clipping. Using/identifying words formed by blending

Content:-

SPELLING Revision of all spelling rules More words often misspelt More words in

confusing pairs More words in British English with the correspond-ding spelling in American

English. Examples /Illustration

grammar, comparative, supplementary, gauge, necessary, harassment; piece

peace stationery stationary personal personnel desert dessert diary dairy conscious conscience

defence defines axe as modernise modernize worshipped worshiped backwards backward

towards toward.


Use examples, drill/exercises, to revise spelling rules Use the dictionary for

spelling Ask students to use he dictionary to check the spelling Drill the often misspelt words

Using illustrative sentences, bring out the difference in meaning and thereby the spelling of

these words Write the spelling on the black board and differentiate.


Building words with particular suffixes Using/identifying eponyms, euphemisms and cliché

Content:-

VOCABULARY IMPROVEMENT-crazy,- logy,- gamy, -its Eponyms – words

derived from proper nouns Euphemisms Cliché


Aristocracy, bureaucracy, gerontocracy, gynocracy, monocracy; archaeology,

criminology, seismology, pathology, theology; polygamy, monogamy, misogamy; psychologist,

anthropologist sadist, sandwich, boycott visually handicapped - blind; home maker - house

wife; corporal punishment – beating with a cane sailing in the same boat, to fall on deaf ears,

first and foremost.


Give the suffix with its meaning (eg. crazy-rule) and generate words from it; use

illustrative sentences to explain the meaning of these words Ask students to generate as many

words as possible Use riddles (eg. What - crazy involves women? Answer: gynocracy) Give the

term and explain the meaning using illustrative sentences.


Black board, chalk, charts, riddles black board, chalk, charts.


Using/identifying phrasal verbs/idioms in their speech/writing Content:-

MORE PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS Phrasal verbs with 'take' Phrasal verbs

with 'call' Special idioms With Adjectives Special idioms with Nouns Idioms with colours. Examples /Illustration

Take on, take out, take to, take up; call upon, call by, call for, call in, call off,

call out, call up; hard luck, highhanded, fall short, through thick and thin; hot-line, tow the

line, give a piece of mind, to be in two minds; bolt from the blue, black list, in the pink, green

fingers;.


Use phrasal verbs/idioms in meaningful sentences Ask students to do the same

Ask pupils to pick out phrasal verbs/ idioms from newspapers/magazines


Black board, chalk, charts, Newspapers, magazines.

UNIT-7


Giving the meaning of foreign words/ phrases used in English

Using/identifying foreign words/phrases In speech/writing.

Content:-

FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES

Examples/Illustration

In memoriam, lingua franca, viz, versus, via media, sans, alias, sanctum

sanctorum, tote-a-tote, adieu, alibi, elite, errata, preformat, protégé, in cognate.


Use foreign words/phrases in sentences and explain the meaning Ask

students to use the words in sentences of their own.


Black board, chalk, charts.


Using words/phrases appropriately in relevant spoken/written contexts. Content:-

USAGE, WORD FORMATION


Meal/meals - Have you had your meals? Is wrong. Have you had your meal?

is right. Meals mean several meals at a time. We usually have three meals a day, but a meal at

a time. per month - His salary is Rs.4000/- per month, is wrong. His salary is Rs.4000/- a

month, is right. Per in the sense of 'for each' should be seed only with Latin words like

diem(day), mensem (month) and annum (year). Give the base forms of words Transactional Strategies

Use the words/phrases in appropriate sentences and give the correct usage

Ask students to use the words in sentences of their own.


Black board, dictionary, grammar books. Black board

B. Grammatical Competencies

UNIT-1


Identify the pattern-Speak & write sentences-Use them correctly-Name the elements correctly.

Content:-

Sentence Patterns- Revision SVO, SVC, SVOA, SVCA, SVOO, etc. Examples/Illustration

Stars Shine I am a teacher I've bought a pen Kala has selected sarees for

her birthday He was a driver for some time. Kannan gave me a book.


Give a mixed lot of sentences categorize them a/c to patterns.


Bb Charts Newspaper Cuttings.

UNIT-2


Recall conditional clauses – Recall the conventional 3- types of `if' clauses –

Using other words of conditions and concessions

Content:-

Revision of conditional & concessional clauses


Had he worked hard, he would not have failed. Even though it was difficult, he did it

in no time Despite persuasion, his father did not agree He could not albeit he had enough

money, buy the computer


Provide various sents. and ask them to classify

Use newspaper articles to point out typical sent..


Bb Newspaper articles.


Recall primary Auxiliaries – Recall modal auxiliaries Content:-

Revision of Modal auxiliaries Examples/Illustration

He can speak French. It may rain today We should work together auxiliaries


Create suitable conditions/contexts

Bring out the subtle differences in using different modals


Blackboard Verbal explanation Collection of slogans, ad sents. Etc.


Recall their functions – Use the modals correctly – Recall declarative type –

Recall interrogatives – Recall the other types – Report an incident/event

Content:-

Revision of Revision of reported

speech Examples/Illustration

He can speak French. It may rain today We should work together. We needn't

bother about petty problems He says he will achieve his ambition


Create suitable conditions/contexts

Bring out the subtle differences in using different modals

Create appropriate contexts for reporting


Blackboard Verbal explanation Collection of slogans, ad sents. Etc.

Story-telling Listening to a skit and reporting it.


Recall simple type – Recall defining RC – Recall non defining RC Content:-

Revision of Relative clauses – Simple – Defining – Non

defining Examples/Illustration

Shajahan who built the Taj was a Mogul Emperor. The book that you lent me

is good. Tempest, which was Shakespeare’s best play, is very interesting.


Create contexts - Narrate events - Use pictures Teaching Aids Suggested

Bb pictures UNIT-6


Recall simple sents. – recall the other types. Change one type into another Content:-

Transformation of sentences

I) Simple – Complex ii) Complex –Simple iii) Simple- Compound Examples/Illustration

He was happy to meet his friend. When he met his friend, he was happy. He met

his friend and he was happy.


- Give more examples of each type.

- Get them to convert from one type to the other Teaching Aids Suggested

Bb Newspaper cuttings.


Use passive sents. with by phrase

Use passive sents. Without by phrase

Differentiate the two types.

Content:-

Passivation - with `by' phrase - without `by' phrase


Othello was written by Shakespeare “The fly overs are neatly maintained”.


- Give more examples - Classify the two types - Enumerate the rules


Black board Pictures.


Dividing into two groups

Content:-

A passage containing six to eight lines with long sentences


When I went to see them / they were out, / so I went back home.


Listen to the passage and mark the tone groups.


Tape recorder, radio.


Pause

Content:-

Ease of breath, punctuation marks, etc Examples/Illustration

The tour was very pleasant.


Listen and identify the pauses. Teaching Aids Suggested

-Do-

UNIT-3


Reading a loud

Content:-

Short passage from the text


Dividing into tone groups - locating the nucleus - deciding the type of intonation – in

an arcing stress set..


Listen and take notes. Teaching Aids Suggested

T.V.Tape-recorder.

UNIT-4


Listen to CNN Panel discussion.

CNN news, panel discussion on topics of current interest.


Anti-terrorism, world peace, etc.



T.V.Tape-recorder.

UNIT-5


Listens to dialogues. Content:-

Coherence, pragmatic meaning – form – function – context of situation and culture. Examples/Illustration

Informal dialogues containing about ten moves. Transactional Strategies

Listen to taped dialogues and answer questions. Teaching Aids Suggested

Tape-recorder.


Listens to Educational Programmes on T.V. Content:-

Computer, Environmental, Pollution, etc.


Subject related programmes. Transactional Strategies


T.V., Radio, Tape recorder.

D. Speaking competencies

UNIT-1


Acts out a play with proper expression gesture… Examples/Illustration

Appropriate language – Tone, Para-linguistic features etc..


Drama acting.


Costumes, A.V. Aids etc.


Participates in group discussions. Examples/Illustration

Introduces a topic Interrupting someone. Changing the topic. Giving oneself time

to think. Different ways of saying something .

Hedging-avoiding giving opinions checking if one has understood summing up

asking someone to say it.

Content:-

I’m going to talk on… My topic is … Excuse me, may I say something? Oh, by the way,

incidentally, I forgot to tell you. Let me see… Well… How shall I put it? In other words, to put

it in another way. That’s to say. It’s difficult to say… well, it all depends… well, I don’t know

really. So, am I right in saying…? If I understand right…? In conclusion, I’d like to say… let

mesum up… Pardon? I’m sorry? I didn’t get you… Transactional Strategies

Lecture Group discussion. Teaching Aids Suggested

Tape recorder T.V. Radio.


Faces interviews Content:-

Greeting, Introducing. Giving Information Disagreeing tactfully. Projecting one’s

image. Admitting ignorance


Good morning/Hello… I’m/My name is… I have passed the Higher Secondary

examination. I know typing etc. I’m not sure, actually/in fact, I think, I don’t see why. I have

successfully completed a project on… I am skilled at… I’m sorry/I don’t know I’m not able to

solve it.


Role play Pair-work Interview Teaching Aids Suggested

Tape recorder Radio. T.V.


Conducts interviews. Content:-

Greeting Introducing Eliciting information Asking for opinion Expressing gratitude …

Good morning, please take your seat. Meet Mr. … /This is… Can you tell me

about… We would like to know… What do you think/feel about… ? Thank you very much.

That’s very kind of you.


Mock – interviews Teaching Aids Suggested

Tape recorder T.V.


Participates in debates Content:-

Introducing a topic Developing a topic Agreeing a disagreeing Persuading …

Concluding a topic Examples/Illustration

Today we are going to discuss the pros and cons of To cite a few examples A case

in point let me clarify etc. I think you’d do well to Have you considered everything To

conclude, In conclusion I’d like to say to recapitulate…


Mock – interviews Teaching Aids Suggested

Tape recorder T.V.


Gives short speeches Content:-

Structuring delivery) Welcome address Vote of thanks Examples/Illustration

It’s my proud privilege to It’s my pleasure to extend a warm welcome. It gives me

immense pleasure etc. I am extremely thankful to. Our hearty thanks go to… I’d like to

thank.


Role play Teaching Aids Suggested

T.V. Radio


Comperes a programme Content:-

Introducing persons, programmes… Examples/Illustration

The next item would be I’m happy to present before your. Transactional Strategies

Role play E. Reading Competencies


Guessing meaning of unfamiliar words Content:-

Descriptive text


(e.g.) Sports Transactional Strategies

Individual work Teaching Aids Suggested

Blackboard


Making notes on a text Content:-

Descriptive text Examples/Illustration

(e.g.) Science Transactional Strategies


Blackboard


Reacting to a text Content:-

Literary text Examples/Illustration

Short story Transactional Strategies

Group work Teaching Aids Suggested

Pictures / advertisements Competencies to the developed

Evaluating a text Content:-


Essay e.g. Lynd Transactional Strategies


Posters/Slogans


Reducing a text by rejecting irrelevant information Content:-

Descriptive text


Biography Transactional Strategies

Whole class discussion Teaching Aids Suggested

Teenage journals/Reader’s Digest


Understanding the communicative value of an utterance Content:-


Drama Transactional Strategies

Role play Teaching Aids Suggested

Props / costumes


Interpreting a text by reading between the lines Content:-

Literary text Examples/Illustratio

n


Quiz Teaching Aids Suggested

Young World / Quest


Understanding text organisation (Para / discourse) Content:-

Argumentative text Examples/Illustration

Articles from newspaper Transactional Strategies

Debate Teaching Aids Suggested

Articles from magazine


Understanding different registers Content:-

2 text Examples/Illustration

(e.g) Journalism/ Science Transactional Strategies

Pair work Teaching Aids Suggested

Magazine


Understanding graph/tables/charts etc. Content:-

Factual text Examples/Illustration

Text books Transactional Strategies

Group Work Teaching Aids Suggested

Magazine


Understanding cohesion/ coherence Content:-




Library


Appreciating literature Content:-


Poem Transactional Strategies

Whole class discusion Teaching Aids Suggested

Library

F. Writing Compelencies


Essay Writing Content:-

Any Topic Examples/Illustration

Are examinations necessary? Transactional Strategies

Brain stoming Teaching Aids Suggested

Model Essay


Note Making Content:-

Scientific and factual discourse Examples/Illustration

A passage on the First World War Transactional Strategies

Demonstration Teaching Aids Suggested

Work Sheets


Summarising Content:-

Interesting Texts Examples/Illustration

A News Item Transactional Strategies

Using Notes Teaching Aids Suggested

Work Sheets


Reports Writing Content:-

Reports Examples/Illustration

A Tennis Match



News Paper


Letter Writing Content:-

Relevant situations Examples/Illustration

Congratulating a Friend, Complaining to a super market. Transactional Strategies

Free Composition Teaching Aids Suggested

Model Letters Competencies to the developed

Transcoding of Interpretation. Content:-

Non-Verbal Information Examples/Illustration

Tables, Charts, etc.


Demonstration Teaching Aids Suggested

Journals “India Today”.


Project Report Content:-

Project Examples/Illustration

Reading Habits of students Transactional Strategies


Project Reports


Punctuation Content:-

Continuous Discourse


All Punctuation Marks Transactional Strategies

Editing Teaching Aids Suggested

Work Sheets


Writing Advertisements Content:-

Advertisements Examples/Illustration

Advertisement for Amul butter Transactional Strategies

Brain Stoming


Advertisements for magazine.


Writing Articles for magazine

Content:-

Topics of interest to students


Indo-Pak relations


Brain Stoming Teaching Aids Suggested

Popular Magazine

F. Study Skills

UNIT-1


Refer to a dictionary for difference kinds of information

Content:-

Dictionarentries Examples/Illustration

Sample Entries Transactional Strategies


Dictionary


Reference skills – Effective use of Library Content:-

Library Facilities Examples/Illustration

OPAC System Transactional Strategies


Library


Accessing Internet Content:-

Internet Examples/Illustration

Websites Transactional Strategies


Computer


Information transfer Content:-

Verbal Non-Verbal texts Examples/Illustration

Texts / Graph Transactional Strategies

Pair work Teaching Aids Suggested

Magazines


Note taking Content:-

Lectures/Talks Examples/Illustration

School Day Address Transactional Strategies

Individual work


Audio Cassettes


Note Making Content:-

Books / Journals Examples/Illustration

Topics of current internet


Library


Editing / Drafting Content:-

Essays of students Examples/Illustration

Students’ own composition Transactional Strategies

Peer correction Teaching Aids Suggested

Guidelines


E-mail / Char Content:-

Messages / E-Mail Language Examples/Illustration

Chart on a topic Transactional Strategies

Pairwork Teaching Aids Suggested

Computer H.Occupational


Writing a Report on an event. Content:-

Report Writing Examples/Illustration

Cricket match Day, Date, Place score Highlight of the game Reaction of the spectators. Transactional Strategies

Discussion – giving a model


Tae recorded running commentary. Competencies to the developed

Writing a message Content:-

Presenting Message Examples/Illustration

Through a conversation Transactional Strategies

Though a conversation a message is collected or received. Teaching Aids Suggested

Conversation in the class room


Story telling Content:-

Picture composition Examples/Illustration

Any picture Transactional Strategies

There will be a clear connection between the picture and composition. Teaching Aids Suggested

Any picture


Presenting Non-verbal items. Content:-

To present facts, figures in a systematic method Examples/Illustration

Tables, Diagrams graphs Transactional Strategies

Group work

Teaching Aids

Suggested

New paper Magzine


An advertisement Content:-

Advertisements Examples/Illustration

Block / Display Advertisements


All sorts of advertisements Teaching Aids Suggested

Newspaper


Process writing Content:-

Any Process Examples/Illustration

Opening a saving Bank Account

Method of preparing Tea


Brain storming Elucidation. Teaching Aids Suggested

Bank Application Form Flow Chart I. Strategic Competencies


General self-assessment-assessing one’s language proficiency. Content:-

Samples of pupil language Examples/Illustration

Essays / Speech Transactional Strategies

Self/peer evaluation Teaching Aids Suggested

Guidelines.


Drafting-preparing to write the final version of a text. Content:-

One version of a pupils writing Examples/Illustration

First draft Transactional Strategies

Editing. Teaching Aids Suggested

Guidelines


Risk taking-feeling confident enough to try something out in English Content:-

Area o doubt Examples/Illustration

Bravery of braveness Transactional Strategies

Taking risks Not worrying about mistakes


Creating time to think Content:-

Hesitation Examples/Illustration

Well… Umm… Er… Transactional Strategies

Confidence Building Teaching Aids Suggested

List of space filling. J. Creative Competencies

UNIT-1


Writing an essay on a given topic Content:-

Essay- Writing Examples/Illustration

Deforestation Transactional Strategies

Ask students to write an essay on a given topic Teaching Aids Suggested

Newspapers, books magazines, television


Attempting to write a poem Content:-

Writing a poem based on an incident, picture, given topic Examples/Illustration

The light-house / The Marina


Ask students to write a poem based on a picture, a given topic or an incident.


Writing a criticism of important events/ happenings Content:-

Criticism of an event / happening Examples/Illustration

Any topical event Transactional Strategies

Ask students to write their criticism of any given event.


Preparing script for an interview Content:-

Script for an interview Examples/Illustration

Interviewing a sports-man Transactional Strategies

Ask students to write the script for an interview


Preparing the concept for an advertisement Content:-

Concept for an advertisement Examples/Illustration

Concept for an advertisement for a brand of two wheeler Transactional Strategies

Ask students to prepare and write the concept for an advertisement for a particular brand


Preparing the script for a children’s T.V. / Radio Programme Content:-

Script for a children’s T.V/ Radio programme Examples/Illustration

Script for a cultural programme by kids Transactional Strategies

Ask students to prepare the script for children’s Radio /T.V.


Preparing the script for a cartoon-strip Content:-

Script for a cartoon- a strip


Tom and Jerry cartoon strip Transactional Strategies

Give a cartoon-strip with pictures alone and ask students to pro-vide the written material


Writing a travelogue Content:-

Travelogue Examples/Illustration

A trip to a hill-station Transactional Strategies

Ask students to write their experiences about a tour, they could be asked to read

similar pieces before attempting to write programme.


Providing captions for photographs Content:-

Captions for photographs Examples/Illustration

Any photograph Transactional Strategies

Ask students to bring some photographs and ask them to give suit-able captions;

the teacher can give examples.


Translating from English the mother-tongue and vice-versa Content:-

Translation Examples/Illustration

Any piece for translation Transactional Strategies

Ask students to translate from English to the mother-tongue, the Dicitonary could

be referred to, if necessary


Dictionary

Class XII – lathe Work practical

1. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Systems of linear equations-Methods of solution-Presentation in Matrix form; computing

the Rank of matrix and determining cases of -a unique solution- a set of solution- no solution.

Computing the unique solution of a system of equations when it exist by-Cramer’s Rule Inverse

matrix method. Sets of simultaneous equations of at most three variable only to be prescribed -

Graphical interpretation wherever possible. Discriminating between inconsistent and dependent

equations.

2. APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES

Matrices for transformations: Matrices for Translation, Reflection, Rotation, Glide

reflection, Shear and Stretch- Isometry and similarity matrices for the same-Recognising matrices

as tool to study specific geometrical notions. Applying transformation matrices to derive Geometric

results. Application of integration in economics-Cost & Revenue function-Identifying points, lines

etc remaining invariant under a Transformation-Correlation with Pure and Analytical geometry

and results in Trigonometry-Correlation with geometrical notions studied in earlier classes.

3. VECTOR ALGEBRA

Vectors and Scalars Representations of vectors and operations of addition and

subtractions. Scalar and vector products Triple products and products 4 vectors-Applications to

mechanics-Applications to Geometry Parallel & Perpendicular vectors. Angle between lines,

Equations of lines and planes. Definition vector addition, multiplication by scalars, linear relation

among vectors, orthogonal decomposition; 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinates: direction cosines.

Ability to do simple manipulative problems. Ability to use appropriate product in a given

situation. Applying formulae for Work don by force and Moment of a force using vectors.

Derivations of the equations and applying them in simple problems. Ability to apply the ideas to

derive standard trigonometric results too. Concept to be supported by Geometrical interpretation.

Relation to velocity, acceleration, resultants etc. to be introduced Geometrical meaning to be

explained. Use of suitable 3-D diagrams. Relating the results to actual problems in mechanics in

the relevant areas. Translation into analytical results of two dimensions wherever possible.

Collinearity & co-planarity to be discussed appropriately

4. COMPLEX NUMBERS

Complex Algebra Fundamental operations on complex numbers –Applications

Ability to separate real and imaginary parts; compute absolute value; multiplicative inverse of a

complex number, conjugation: Triangle inequality.De Moivre’s theorem: Roots of a complex

number; Euler, formula, Statement and meaning of Fundamental Theorem Of Agebra.

Transactional Strategy

Emphasis to be given on Complex numbers as a vector. Interpretation through Argand diagram

Complex solutions to be illustrated by simple examples and diagrams

5. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

Content:-

Definition of a conic Derivation of the standard equation of Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola and

Rectangle Hyperbola.

Chords, Tangents & Normals

Parametric representation

Asymptotes

Expected Outcomes:-

Focus-directrix definition Given the equation to find the foci, directrices. Eccentiricity, latus recta

etc of the conic.

Chord joining two point on the conic. Tangent and normal at a point on the conic. Condition for a

line to be tangent to a conic: chord of contact of tangent. Chord with a given mid point (Not by ‘r’

method)

Representing point on the conic in terms of parametric co-ordinates.

Derive the equations of asymptotes of hyperbola and identify their properties


Tracing Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola using the standard equations and explaining the special

features

Use of equations to illustrate simple geometrical results

Results on chords and tangents to be explained in terms of parametric coordinates.

Explaining the role of asymptotes in tracing the conic.

6. APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERNTIATION

Content:-

Derivative as a rate measurer

Derivative as a measure of slope

Maxima and minima

Mean Value Theorems

Errors and Approximations

Curve tracing

Partial derivatives

Expected Outcomes:-

Rate of change of quantities; interpretation of velocity and acceleration using distance time

formulae and solving problems involving them.

Solving problems connected with slope of a curve at a point: Equations of tangent and normal,

angle between curves.

Solving problems related to: Increasing and decreasing functions: Stationary values: local and

global maxima and minima; point of inflexion

Statements of Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem. Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s

Theorems, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series Statement and application of L Hospital rule to

ideterminate forms.

Comprehending Absolute, Relative and Percentage errors. Computing ‘small’ changes

Obtaining an idea of the approximate shape of a curve without actually plotting points.

Handling functions of 2 or 3 variables; Chain rule: Using Euler’s Theorem on homogeneous

functions (without proof)


Majority of examples to be chosen from science and Engineering areas.

Comparing results of Analytical geometry with the ones derived.

Graphical approach wherever possible with stress on applications to Science and Engineering.

No formal proofs to be given. Geometrical interpretation of Rolle’s and Mean Value Theorems.

Illustrations from Geometry, Trigonometry and Science to be provided

Use of symmetry, meets on axes, pass-ing through origin, real and imaginary values, extension to

infinity turning points etc.

Illustrative problems from Science and Engineering.

7. APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

Content:-

Definite Integral

Application of definite integral

Expected Outcomes:-

Identifying Definite Integral as the limit of a sum; Deriving and using properties of definite integral


Geometrical interpretation? /2? /2 Evaluation of sinm x dx cosm x dx O O

Use of ideas of curve tracing in identifying parts of the curve to be used in the problem

8. DIIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Content:-

Formation of Differential Equations

I order : Variables separable.

I Order : Homogeneous Equation

I Order : Exact Equation

I Order : Linear Equation

II Order : Linear equations with constant coefficient

Applications

Expected Outcomes:-

Formation of Differential Equations; identifying order & degree; discriminating between general

and particular solutions.

Applying Method of separation of variables; Reducing to variables separable type.

Reducing to the type of Variables separable by proper substitution

Ability to identify and solve exact equation by inspection.

Solving equations of the form y2 + Py=Q where P, ÷ are functions of x

Solving equations of type ay” + by’ + cy = 0 (with a, b, c,???? R, a ? o) and ay” + by’ + cy = f(x)

Geometrical applications involving slope, tangent normal etc.: Simple applications involving

movement of a particle, Radioactive decay, Heat conduction, Electric circuits.


Using Graphs of families of curves

Geometrical interpretation of results

Emphasis on how this type can be identified

Introducing the idea of an Integrating factor to make an equation exact

Explanation for use of Integrating factor.

f(x) to be restricted to the form x, x2? emx or sin mx or cos mx (m ??R)

Interpretation of simple solutions such as that of simple harmonic equation to the form x = - n2x

9. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

Content:-

Random variable

Probability functions

Mathematical Expectations

Discrete distributions

Continuous distribution

Expected Outcomes:-

Definition and illustrations. Discriminating between and working with discrete and continuous

random variables.

Definitions and illustrations for (i) probability mass function (ii) probability density function (iii)

distribution functions

Definition and justification on properties for discrete and continuous cases.

Definitions and application of Binomial and Poisson distribution

Definition and application of Normal distribution.


Projecting Random variable as a real valued function through examples.

Verification of properties through a variety of examples.

Straightforward application of E (X), E (X2) and Var (X)

Special attention to the parameters Mean, Variance and S.D. of the distribution

Properties to be corrected with the form of Normal curve and its characteristics.

10. ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES

Content:-

Group structure

Rings. Integral Domains and Fields

Expected Outcomes:-

Illustrations from Number systems, matrices, functions, transformations. Etc. Justifying main

properties of a group and applying them in simple problems. Identifying order of a group and

order of a group element. Definition and examples of a cyclic group.

Illustrating structure through examples from Number system only. (No theorems are to be proved)


Varied examples to be chosen Subgroup not to be treated Non-examples also to be given

Use of different number systems to bring out the differences among various structures.

Class XII – General Machines

UNIT 1 – Lathe

Introduction-Main part of lathe-Bed-Headstock-Spindle-Tailstock-Carriage-

Parts-Explanation-Feedback mechanism-different arrangements-Apron mechanism-

Construction-Lead Screw-Feed rod-Spindle mechanism-Step cone pulley drive-Back gear

mechanism-All geared headstock-Types of Lathe-Explanation-Differences between an engine

lathe and a turret capstan lathe-Differences between a turret lathe & a capstan lathe-Size of

lathe-Work holding devices used in a lathe-Chucks-Face plate-Driving plate-Catch Plate-

Mandrel-Centres-Rests Cutting speed, feed depth of cut-Tools used in Lathe-Operations

performed in a lathe Facing Turning-Chamfering-Grooving-Forming-Knurling-undercutting-

Eccentric-Turning-Taper-Turning-Thread Cutting UNIT 2– Drilling Machine

Introduction-Construction of a drilling machine-Type of drilling machines-

Portable drilling machine-Sensitive drilling machine-Upright drilling machine-Radial drilling

machine-Gang drilling machine-Multiple spindle drilling machine-Deep hole drilling machine-

Size of a drilling machine-Drill spindle assembly-Work holding devices-‘T’-bolts and clamps-

Step blocks-‘V’-Block-Angle plate-Drill jig-Tools used in a drilling machine-Drill-reamer-

Counterbore-Countersink-Tap-Twist drill nomenclature-Tool holding devices-Spindle-Sleeve-

Socket-Drill chuck-Tapping attachment-Drilling machine Operations. Drilling, Reaming,

Boring, Counterboring, Countersinking-Spot facing-Tapping-Trepanning-Cutting Speed, Feed

& Depth of cut-Safety Precautions. UNIT 3– Shaping Machine

Introduction-Method of Machining-Main Parts of a shaping machine-Types of

Shaping machine-Quick return mechanism-The size of a shaper-Strokelength calculation and

adjustment-Method of table movement-Swivel tool head-Work holding devices. Tools used in

a shaping machine-Setting of shaper table, vise and toolhead-Operations performed in a

shaping machine-Cutting speed, Depth of cut and Feed-Coolant-Safety Precautions. UNIT 4– Grinding Machine

Introduction-Types of grinding machines-Size of grinding machines-Centreless

grinding-Grinding machine operations-Grinding wheel-Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut-

Surface finishing processes-Safety precautions

UNIT 5– Milling Machine

Introduction-Advantages and disadvantages of a milling machine. Column and

knee type milling machine-Types of milling machine. Size of milling machine-Fundamental

milling processes-Work holding devices-Cutter holding devices-Milling machine attachments-

Standard milling cutters-Elements of a pain milling cutter-Milling cutter materials-Milling

machine operations-Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut-Indexing Head-Indexing methods-

Safety precautions

Class XII – lathe Work practical

UNIT 1 – Lathe Tools

Practice of Lathe Tool grinding

Tool Setting

Lathe Operations

plain turning, facing, step turning, undercut, chamfering, grooving, drilling, boring,

counter boring, fillet radius within the accuracy of ±0.1mm

Checking of squareness, diameter, length, chamfer

Fillets radius using micrometer

Vernier Calipers and gauges

Practice on regular maintenance of a machine tool

Practice the different taper turning methods on lathe.

Practice screw thread cutting – whit worth/ metric (internal and external)

UNIT 2– Dismantling and assembling various parts of lathe.

Head stock, apon, saddle, tool post, tail stock etc

Checking of accuracy of lathe after assembly.

Practice of preventive maintenance on machines and demoCase studies on breakdown

maintenance and troubleshooting

UNIT 3– Shaper Machine

Holding the job on shaping machine vice

Setting of length of ram stroke. Making square block and “V” Block

Dismantling and Assembly of parts of a shaper machine.

Inspection and accuracy of shaper after assembly.

Simple preventive and breakdown maintenance of shaping m/c

UNIT 4– Implant Training

Class XII – Fitting Work practical

UNIT 1 – H Fitting Exercises on lapping of gauges ( Hand Lapping only)

Hand reams and fit paper pin, drilling and reaming holes in correct locationfitting dowel

pins, stud and bolts

UNIT 2 – Jigs and Fixtures

Prepare a “V” block and clamp

Marking out as Blue Print, drilling, straight and curve filing. Threading with die, cutting

slot and cutting internal threads with taps, making adjustable spanner

UNIT 3 – Flaring of pipes and joints Cutting and Threading of pipe length

Fitting of pipes as per sketch

Conditions used for pipe work to be followed

Bending of pipes- cold and hot

UNIT 4– Dismantling and assembling practice

Globe valves, sluice valves, stop cocks

Seat valves and non-return valves

Fitting of pipes

Testing for leakage.

UNIT 5– Fire Extinguishers

Practice in Handling Fire Extinguishers of different types.

Refilling of extinguishers

UNIT 6– Marking Detail

Male and female screw cutting

Male and female fitting parts

Making and tempering springs

Exercises on finished material as aluminium and stainless steel, marking out,

cutting to size, drilling etc without damage to surface of finished articles.

Marking out for angular outlines, filing and fitting the inserts into gaps.

Making a simple drilling jig.

Marking out, filing to line, drilling and tapping, brass and copper jobs.

UNIT 7– Assembly of parts working to detail and arrangement

Drawings, Dismantling and mounting of pulleys.

Making replacing damaged keys.

Repairing damaged gears and mounting

Repair and Replacement of belts

UNIT 8– Dismantling and Mounting of pulleys Making, Replacing damaged keys

Repairing damaged gears and mounting them on shafts

UNIT 9– Fitting of dovetail slides Male and female dovetail fitting repairs to geared tooth.

Repair of broken gear tooth by stud.

Repair of broken gear teeth by dovetail

Marking out on the round section for geometrical shaped fittings.

Finishing and fitting to size, checking up the faces of Universality

Date post:	20-Dec-2021
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GENERAL MACHINIST GROUP - Tamilnadu Council

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