General Report on SWMP for Binh Dinh Province Up to 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTI.1 Geographical location and physical conditions ........................................................................... 7

I.1.1 Geographical location ........................................................................................................... 7 I.1.2 Physical conditions ............................................................................................................... 7

II.1 Domestic solid waste ................................................................................................................ 17 II.1.1 Amount, composition, and property of solid waste ........................................................... 17 II.1.2 The current situation of separation, collection and transport ............................................ 18 II.1.3 The current situation of treatment ...................................................................................... 21 II.1.4 The model of SW management ......................................................................................... 24

II.2 Industrial solid waste ................................................................................................................ 25 II.1.1 The running situation of the industrial zones and small industrial zones in Binh Dinh province ....................................................................................................................................... 25 II.2.2 The current situation of SW amount, composition and property ....................................... 27 II.2.3 The current situation of SW separation, collection and transport ..................................... 28 II.2.4 The current situation of SW treatment ............................................................................... 30 II.2.5 The model of SW management ......................................................................................... 30

II.3 Health solid waste ..................................................................................................................... 31 II.3.1 The current situation of SW amount, composition and property ....................................... 31 II.3.2 The current situation of SW separation, collection and transport ..................................... 33 II.3.3 The current situation of SW treatment ............................................................................... 34 II.3.4 The modal of SW management ......................................................................................... 35

II.4 The ongoing projects in Binh Dinh province ........................................................................... 36 II.5 General remarks on the situation of SW management and treatment ...................................... 38

II.5.1 The achievements .............................................................................................................. 38 II.5.2 The shortcomings ............................................................................................................... 38

III.1 The socioeconomic development plan for Binh Dinh province up to 2020 ............................ 40 III.1.1 Some socioeconomic development targets of the province up to 2020 ........................... 40 III.1.2 The plan of urban system and rural residential zone development in the province are up to 2020 ......................................................................................................................................... 41 III.1.3 The master plan of industrial zones and small industrial zones in the province up to 2010 and the development orientation up to 2020 ............................................................................... 47 III.1.4 The master plan of medical network ................................................................................ 52

III.2 The Solid Waste Master Plan for the urban areas and the industrial zones in Binh Dinh province up to 2020 ......................................................................................................................... 54

III.2.1 Forecast of the arising SW amount, composition and property ....................................... 54 III.2.2 The separation, collection and transport system plan ....................................................... 60 III.2.3 The treatment system plan ................................................................................................ 77 III.2.4 The primary environmental impact assessment ............................................................... 88 III.2.5 The primary forecast of the SW management of Binh Dinh province up to 2030 ........... 95

III.3 The implementation roadmap .................................................................................................. 95 III.4 The cost estimate ..................................................................................................................... 99 IV.1 Organization and implementation ......................................................................................... 103 IV.2 The solution of SWMP implementation ............................................................................... 107

1

ABBREVIATION

ADB Asian Development BankCPC City People’s CommitteeDoC Department of ConstructionDoH Department of HealthDoNRE Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentDPC District People’s CommitteeDSWMP District Solid Waste Management PlanEZ Economic ZoneIP Industrial PointIZ Industrial ZoneMoH Ministry of HealthO&M Operation and MaintenanceODA Official Development AssistancePC People’s CommitteePPC Provincial People’s CommitteeSW Solid WasteSWM Solid Waste ManagementSWMP Solid Waste Management PlanTPC Town People’s CommitteeURENCO Urban Environmental CompanyWB World bankWHO World Health Organization

2

INTRODUCTION

1. The necessity of drawing up the plan

Along with the industrialization and the urbanization, the amount of solid waste increase

rapidly. The management of this solid waste amount is a great challenge and is one of the

most important sanitation services because it not only requires a big budget but also brings

large and potential benefits to the community health and population living.

In order to follow timely the development progress and strengthen the solid waste

management, many legal documents on solid waste management and treatment have been

issued such as: Instruction nr.199/TTg dated 3 Apr 1997 of the Prime Minister on urgent

measures of solid waste management in urban areas and industrial zones; Solid waste

management strategy in urban areas and industrial zones of Viet Nam till 2010 enclosing to

the Decision nr.152/1999/QD-TTg dated 10 Jul 1999 by the Prime Minister; Decision

nr.155/1999/QD-TTg dated 2 Dec 1999 of the Prime Minister on the propagating of

Hazardous solid waste management regulation; and recently, the Instruction nr.23/2005/CT-

TTg dated 21 Jun 2005 of the Prime Minister on enhancing the solid waste management in

urban areas and industrial zones, in which including some objectives to be obtained till

2010:

- Complete the SWMP for the urban areas and industrial zones to the direction of

provincial area, inter-provincial area, specific area, in which give the priority to the

SW landfills and SW recycling facilities.

- Collect, transport and treat 90% of the total SW amount at urban areas and industrial

zones, in which give the priority to the SW recycling and reusing, minimize burying

SW.

- Treat 100% of the hazardous health SW and more than 60% of the hazardous

industrial SW through applicable technologies.

Thus, in order to protect the environment and get sustainable development, the SWM must

be considered globally from the steps of collection and separation to the step of treatment. It

is not only the construction of a hygienic landfill for an urban but also the comprehensive

management.

3

Along with the development of the whole country, recently, the industrialization and

urbanization in Binh Dinh province have developed rapidly. The annual average GDP

growth in the period 2001 - 2005 was 8.9%, the industrial production value increased

16%/year, and the GDP/person in 2005 was 1.83 times more than in 2000. By 2010, the

GDP/person is expected to be more than 900 USD, 2.25 times more than 2005, the annual

average GDP is expected to be 13%, the industry-construction value in 2010 is expected to

be 37-38%, the industrial production value (fixed value 1994) will increase 24.5%/year, and

the urbanization rate will be 35%. In this general situation, Binh Dinh province has early

paid much attention to the SWM but still has not satisfied the development requirements.

Therefore, in order to meet next socio-economic development requirements, it is necessary

to make “the PSWMP for the urban areas and industrial zones in Binh Dinh province till

2020”. The implementation of the plan will increase the SWM effect, enhance the quality of

the SW collection, transporting and treatment service, improve the living environment, and

assure the sustainable development. It is also basic for the successful implementation of one

of the provincial socio-economic development orientations until 2010, in which 100% of the

urban domestic SW hazardous industrial SW and health SW will be collected and treated

according to the environmental standards.

2. The points of view and objectives of the plan

2.1 The points of view of the plan

- The PSWMP must conform to the Solid Waste Management Strategy for the

urban area and the industrial zones in Viet Nam up to 2020, which was approved by

the Government, and the Provincial Social-Economic Development Master Plan up to

2020. It must also conform to the sector plans (urban, industry, health) approved by

the Provincial People’s Committee.

- Approach the current solid waste management methods of the advanced

countries in the world, and suit the conditions of Viet Nam. Apply selectively up-to-

date processing technologies that suit the economic conditions, technological level of

our country and our province. Minimize the solid waste amount to be buried in order

to minimize the environmental impact and investment cost as well as increase the

land use effect.

4

- Arrange reasonably the locations for the solid waste treatment plants in the

provincial area so that each waste treatment plant will serve one area with the fitting

radius (not according to the administrative units). Give the priority to the treatment

plants for harmful solid waste, in urban areas and in centralized industrial zones.

Planning and building solid waste treatment plants must assure the sanitation, must

not affect the health, livelihood and living activities of the population.

2.2 Objectives of the plan

2.2.1 General objective:

Formulate the solid waste management general strategy in Binh Dinh area up to 2015,

and the orientation up to 2020, in order to ensure the sustainable development of Binh Dinh

province during the development of the Central Focus Economic Zone.

2.2.2 Specific objective:

- Referring to the Resolution of the Provincial Party General Meeting Nr.17:

“100% of the urban domestic solid waste, harmful industrial solid waste, health solid

waste are collected and treated in according to the environmental standards”,

following the schedule:

+ Up to 2015: 100% of the domestic solid waste from Quy Nhon city and 70% of the

domestic solid waste from other urban areas are collected and treated; 100% of the solid

waste from the industrial zones is separated, collected and treated by applicable methods.

+ Up to 2020: 100% of the domestic solid waste from Quy Nhon city, 80% of the

domestic solid waste from other urban areas are collected and treated; 100% of the domestic

solid waste from the urban areas is separated at the source.

- Improve the State management effect on solid waste management, increase the

service quality of collection, transporting and treating solid waste, and improve the

living environment quality to meet the increasing demand of the society.

3. The scale and objects of the plan

3.1 The scale of the plan

Binh Dinh area with 602,600 ha and about 1,536 million of population

3.2 The objects of the plan

- Urban domestic SW

5

- Industrial SW

- Health SW

4. The legal basis of the plan

a. Decree nr.59/2007/ND-CP dated 9 Apr 2007 of the Prime Minister on the

SWM

b. Circular nr.13/2007/TT-BXD dated 31 Dec 2007 of MoC instructing some

articles of the Decree nr.59/2007/ND-CP dated 9 Apr 2007 of the Prime Minister on

the SWM

c. Instruction nr.23/2005/CT-TTg of the Prime Minister on the promotion of the

SWM in urban areas and industrial zones

d. SWM strategy in urban areas and industrial zones of Vietnam till 2020

e. Vietnam building criteria on Building plan, Apr 2008

f. Regulation of hazardous waste management (enclosing to Decision

nr.155/1999/QD-TTg dated 2 Dec 1999 of the Prime Minister on propagating the

Regulation of hazardous waste management)

g. Decision nr.23/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 26 Dec 2006 of the Minister of

MoNRE on propagating the List of hazardous waste

h. Regulation of health waste management nr.43/2007/QD-BYT dated 31 Nov

2007 of the Minister of MoH

i. Plan of SW treatment plants at area level for 3 main economic areas: Northern,

Central and Southern

j. Decision nr.124/2004/QD-UB dated 6 Dec 2004 of Binh Dinh PPC approving

the Master Plan of the industrial zones and industrial complexes in Binh Dinh

province till 2010 and the development orientation till 2020

k. Decision nr.878/QD-UBND dated 26 Dec 2006 of Binh Dinh PPC approving

the modification and supplementation of the Industrial Development Master Plan in

Binh Dinh till 2010 and the vision till 2020

l. Decision nr.2042/QD-CTUBND dated 30 Aug 2008 of Binh Dinh PPC

approving the planning and cost estimate of the SWMP in Binh Dinh till 2020

6

CHAPTER I: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

OF BINH DINH PROVINCE

I.1 Geographical location and physical conditions

I.1.1 Geographical location

Binh Dinh is a coastal Central Southern province, one of five provinces belonging to the

Central main economic area.

Bounded on the north by Quang Ngai province.

Bounded on the south by Phu Yen province.

Bounded on the west by Gia Lai province.

Bounded on the east by East Sea.

The province has 10 districts and 1 city, in which there are 3 mountainous districts, 2

midland districts and 6 plain districts and 1 city.

I.1.2 Physical conditions

a) Terrain

Binh Dinh terrain leans from the West to the East. The mountain area accounts for 70% of

the provincial total area, its average height is 500-700m and its slope is more than 25o. The

midland area is 100m high averagely, 10o-15o steep. The plain area only accounts for 15% of

the total area, and is partitioned by the mountain ranges running to the sea. It is bounded to

the sea by sand dunes and lagoons, in which the biggest lagoons are Thi Nai lagoon, De Gi

lagoon. Oversea there are some large inlands, the largest one is Xanh Island, which is 4km2.

b) Climate

Binh Dinh province is in the climate zone of the central of Central part, with a little cold

winter. We can say that from this region to the south, there is not cold winter anymore. The

average temperature of the coldest month is not less than 22oC. The temperature difference

between the coldest month and the hottest month is about 6-7oC.

The rainfall or the humidity rate is medium. The annual rainfall is about 1,600-1,700mm at

the plain areas and about 2,000mm at the mountainous areas.

In the summer, there are 4 months when the average temperature is more than 28oC. The

average maximum temperature is not more than 34oC; the average minimum temperature is

not less than 23oC.

7

Storm: The stormy season here is as fierce as Binh Tri Thien region; it is usually in the

months from September to November, in which November is the month of the most storms.

In general, the climate of Binh Dinh province in particular and the Central of the Central part

in general have more advantages. The rainfall is not too much; the temperature is not too low

in the winter. However, in Binh Dinh, the dry season lasts from February to August, so it

causes many difficulties to the growth of water-like crops.

c) Hydrography

There are 4 river systems flowing through Binh Dinh province, including Lai Giang River,

Con River, La Tinh River and Ha Thanh River. These rivers originate from the mountain,

flow from the west to the east, and gather in the lagoons before falling to the sea.

Now, big rivers are usually exhausted in dry season. The exhausted flows account for 12-

15% of the annual total flows. One noticeable feature of these 4 rivers is that Con River and

Lai Giang River originate from An Lao rainy center, so they have rather high annual flow

module.

d) Oceanography

The tide regulation here is irregular semi daily tide; there are about 20 days of daily tide.

Amplitude of the daily tide is 1.2-2.2m, ebb tide 0.5-1m. In rainy season, because the rainfall

is the same as the amplitude of flood tide, it is possible to have a difference of 0.4-0.6m.

Rivers in Binh Dinh usually cause flood in the period from September to November. In this

period, it usually rains heavily, so the flood is very fierce. There are 3 flood water levels, in

which the highest flood water level was 27.15m in Binh Tuong in September 1964. In Tan

An, the flood water level was 8.92m in November 1987. For Con River, the flood in

November 1964 was considered a historic flood. Recently, from 1996 to 1999, there have

been many big floods in succession; the biggest speed in Con River is 2.85m/s.

e) Geology, hydrogeology

- Geology: There has not been any soil boring for the province. However, according to the

documents on the local geological exploration boring of the Con River erosion avoiding

project in Tay Son, An Nhon, Tuy Phuoc and of the Pre-feasibility study of Quy Nhon

environmental sanitation project, different soil layers have different loading capacity.

8

Therefore, whenever a new work is constructed, the local geological exploration boring must

be done in order to have a fine foundation solution.

- Hydrogeology: It can be divided into different strata in Binh Dinh area as follows:

• Mixed gap aquifer

• Alluvium gap aquifer

• Non-separated coastal aquifer

• Eruptive basalt sediment weathering gap aquifer

• Binh Dinh formation Neocene sediment aquifer

• Interrupted arranged water in eruptive sediment of Margiang formation

• Interrupted arranged underground water. Cambri-oedorit sea sediment of A Vuong

formation

• Interrupted arranged underground water in Preterosai-Akesoi degenerate sediment.

The aquiferous capacity of this stratum is under medium, the arrangement is irregular.

• Belt of intrusion and weathering. It is popular in Binh Dinh territorial waters and

makes up ¼ of the total Binh Dinh area. The aquiferous capacity of this stratum is

low, unpromising for water supply.

I.2 Socio-economic conditions

I.2.1 The current situation of the urban system and rural residential zone system

a) The current situation of the urban system

a. The urban population statistical data of Binh Dinh province in 2007 shows that

the urban population is more than 400,000 people; makes up more than 25% of the

total provincial population. The urban land area is 24,471ha, makes up 4.06% of the

total provincial area, in which the residential land is 1,251.5ha, 31.2m2/person.

b. The urban areas are set up and developed along the National Highway 1 and

the National Highway 19, and form a line – point spatial structure. The rapid-

developed urban areas mostly gather along the National Highway 1 such as Quy

Nhon city, Dieu Tri town, Binh Dinh town and Bong Son town.

c. In Binh Dinh province, there are 14 urban centers, in which Quy Nhon city is

2nd-categorized urban area, and the provincial cultural – economic – political center.

9

The urban areas in Binh Dinh province are formulated on the basis of urban levels:

provincial-level central urban area, district-level central urban area.Table 1.1 The urban system of Binh Dinh province

NOName of urban area

Category of urban

areaArea (ha)

Population

(person)1 Quy Nhon city 2nd 14,531 (in-town) 231,7002 Dap Da town 5th 507 18,8783 Binh Dinh town 5th 612 17,9374 Bong Son town 5th 1,704 19,5155 Tam Quan town 5th 734 12,0836 Phu Phong town 5th 379 13,6447 Tang Bat Ho town 5th 580 7,5288 Tuy Phuoc town 5th 636 12,8279 Dieu Tri town 5th 547 12,42810 Ngo May town 5th 755 11,47511 Binh Duong town 5th 399 5,61112 Phu My town 5th 1,055 12,13213 Van Canh town 5th 2,025 5,20614 Vinh Thanh town 5th 936 5,874

d. Apart from Quy Nhon city, the other urban areas in Binh Dinh province have

low population (from >5,000 to about 20,000 people), are 5th-categorized, not

diversified, mostly district urban areas, and there have not been specialized urban

areas like tourist urban area, scientific urban area … Based on physical conditions

and socio-economic features of Binh Dinh province, the province can be divided into

3 urban regions:

• The region of Quy Nhon city and adjacent areas include Quy Nhon city, Dieu Tri

town, Tuy Phuoc town, Binh Dinh town. It is the main region of industry, seaport,

port service, transport head and the center of trade and tourism. Therefore, it is

invested well in houses, trading structures, tourist structures and urban and industrial

infrastructural headwork.

• The region along the National Highway 1 and along the beach: Bong Son town, Tam

Quan town, Binh Duong town, Phu My town, Ngo May town, and Dap Da town.

These towns form a line-point spatial system along the National Highway 1. Apart

from Bong Son town, the other towns have slow urbanization speed, their agricultural

10

production makes up a large rate in the economic structure. The towns in this region

are mainly district towns.

• The region of midland and mountain: Phu Phong town, Tang Bat Ho town, Van Canh

town and Vinh Thanh town. It is a large area but the population density is low, about

30-120 persons/km2. The transport is difficult because of the separated terrain. The

economic structure is mainly agriculture and forestry. The urbanization and

population scale is low, about 5,000 – 8,000 people.

b) The current situation of the rural residential zone system

The rural population is about 1,200,000 people, equivalent to 75% of the total provincial

population. The rural residential land area is 5,630ha, equivalent to 0.9% of the total

provincial area. The density is 43.1m2/person. The rural residential zones are located in 127

communes of 10 districts and 1 city. The rural residential system according to the

agricultural economic model includes the following types:

a. Agricultural residential zones in villages, communes, with rice and cash crop

production, and aquiculture:

• Coastal plain and sand dune : This region makes up about 20% of the total provincial

area. It includes the districts of Hoai Nhon, Phu My, Phu Cat, Tuy Phuoc, An Nhon

and some communes of Quy Nhon suburb. The terrain here is separated; the plain is

intermixed with low hills and mounds. The area is narrow, located along the

riverbanks and from 2-3m to 20-30m. The fertility of the soil is good, the crop

production is high, and the irrigation system is developed. Besides the agricultural

potentiality, this region also has a big potentiality on sea economy, especially

freshwater and brackish aquaculture (there are 5,000 pools, lagoons, tidal flats,

estuary… This is the important economic zone and the main agricultural production

zone of the province.

The general features of this region are high population density, many trades (agricultural

production, aquaculture, craft, and business…, especially in Quy Nhon suburb). In some

areas, there are high population densities, so they become residential zones according to the

urban model obviously such as Hoai Huong (Hoai Nhon district), My Tho (Phu My district),

Cat Tien (Phu Cat district), Phuoc Hoa (Tuy Phuoc).

11

The difficulties of this region are little cultivated land, high population density and flood.

Some areas usually have floods in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. The empty

hills and mounds are still a lot, the crop change is slow, the rice monoculture is put the

emphasis on, big specialized areas have not formed, and gardening is miscellaneous and low

valued. Quy Nhon suburb has not met the demand on fresh fruit, vegetable, flower and food

of the urban Quy Nhon.

In general, the rural residential areas develop equally. Some rural infrastructure projects

have been implemented such as water supply projects, power supply projects… Some areas

are being studied and planned to become the centers of communes.

• Hill and mound (midland) : This region makes up about 10% of the total provincial

area. It includes the districts of Hoai An, Tay Son, Hoai Nhon, An Lao, Phu Cat and

Tuy Phuoc.

The terrain here is low hills and mounds, separated a little. The average height is 300-400m;

some areas are lower than 100m. The slope is relatively high and long, the botanical sod is

poor, the botanical potentiality is low. The bare hill is large (make up more than 70% of the

total area). This region is potential in developing protective forests, productive forests,

setting up hill gardens and forest gardens.

The general features of this region are the slow development of economy, the lack of water

for agricultural production. The population density is low. The people live in the valley of

An Lao River, Kim Son River … The main business is agricultural production, rice growing

and kaingin.

b. Agricultural and forestry residential zones, developing industrial trees,

growing and managing forests:

The population gathers mainly in the mountainous areas, where there are many natural

forests and the big rivers are risen from. This region has an important role in regulating the

water source for the production and living needs of the province. The fertility of the soil is

low and the botanical sod is medium. The general features of this region are low

development of economy, high rate of ethnic minority, backward cultivation method,

insufficient infrastructure, low income, poor living, shifting farming and nomadic life. The

people live along the rivers and big streams, where are favorable for production and living.

12

c. Residential zones established recently along the national highways and near

the concentrated industrial zones:

This region is along the national highways 1 and 19, the provincial highways 629, 630, 632,

636 and 640. It tends to the service business besides the existing agricultural production,

such as the areas of Cho Gom, My Tho, Dong Pho …

c) General remarks

a. Now the urban areas of the province still exists some shortcomings that are the

same as other areas in the entire country, i.e. weak eco-technical base or development

motive, unbalanced rate between economic growth and population growth. The urban

areas in Quy Nhon city and its adjacent areas have their urban development motive

clearly. The other urban areas need to confirm their development motive based on

their own potentiality and their administrative function in order to increase their

attraction, development ability and central role of urban areas.

b. The situation of population distribution and land use: Because of their own

properties in terrain, economic growth speed and low population amount, the housing

area is small and the population distribution is not even. Most of the population is

distributed along the national highways, provincial highway and main rivers. The

biggest shortcoming is that there has not had any synchronization in enlarging the

residential areas and investing in technical material base and infrastructure.

Therefore, some areas are passive whenever the natural disaster, such as flood,

drought, comes.

c. The spatial structure of the residential system: The eastern part of the province,

including the districts of Hoai Nhon, Phu My, Phu Cat, An Nhon, Tuy Phuoc and the

city of Quy Nhon, is the area with the most population, more than 80% of the total

provincial population. The high-density urban and residential points are mainly in this

region. The western part of the province, where concentrates the most natural forests

of the province and includes the districts of An Lao, Hoai An, Vinh Thanh, Tay Son

and Van Canh, makes up 60% of the total provincial area. However, its population is

only 20% of the total provincial population.

13

d. The technical infrastructure is weak and does not pass the standards of urban

development. There has not been any infrastructure solution on a large scale suiting

with each area. The social infrastructure does not correspond to the development

speed of population, urban and industry. There is a lack of large-scale centers of

commerce, service and travel in order to impulse the development and assist in the

development of sea economic potentiality.

I.2.2 Economic features

Binh Dinh is one of five provinces belonging to the Central main economic zone. Its area is

6025.5km2, its population is more than 1,500,000 people, and its population density is 261

persons/km2.

a. Economic growth: The annual GDP average increase in 2000-2005 is 9%,

more than the national annual increase. The GDP increase in 2006 is 12.1%, in 2007

12.5%, the first six months of 2008 10.8%. The average increase in 3 years (2006-

2008) is estimated to be 12.02%. The GDP/person at the end of the 2008 is estimated

to be 807USD, 1.93 times more than in 2005. Recently, the economic growth of Binh

Dinh province has been more than the national average growth. In which, the industry

– construction sectors increase 13.32%. The agro-forestry-fishery sectors increase

6.64%. The trade and service sectors increase 8.49%.

b. Economic structure: The economic structure of Binh Dinh province is

Agriculture – Trade – Service – Industry. It is estimated that up to the end of 2008 the

agro-forestry-fishery will be 36.3%, industry-construction 31.7%, service 32%.

c. Agro-forestry-fishery: The agricultural production is relatively all-sided. The

annual agro-forestry-fishery production increase in the period of 2000-2005 was

5.7%/year, in the period of 2006-2008 6.6%/year. The structure of production is as

follow: agriculture production is 71.7%, forestry production 3.3%, and fishery 25%.

The production of food meets the provincial objectives of food security. The

increasing export value and food production helps the province to become an

important actor in the central coastal area. However, the export value of this sector is

not proportional to the existing potentiality, especially in the fishery and aquaculture.

14

d. Industry-construction: The industrial production in the period increase of

2000-2005 was 14%/year, in the period of 2006-2008 22.2%. Of the industrial

structure of Binh Dinh province, the processing industry makes up the biggest

amount, which is about 89%. In which, the main structure is consumer goods

manufacture, especially food and drink processing (44%0, wood and forest goods

processing (22%). Recently, the industrial distribution of the province is mainly in the

area of Quy Nhon city and its neighborhood. The industry of other areas is not

developed at all. The features of Binh Dinh industry are low starting point, weak

technical material base, and lack of emerging products controlling the market.

e. Trade-service: Quy Nhon seaport is the terminal center of import and export

for the southern central and highland provinces. Therefore, Binh Dinh province has

favorable conditions to develop the trade-service sectors, especially the services of

import-export, transport and depository. The service increase is more than 8%/year.

The export turnover in the last 2.5 years has been 781 million USD, equivalent to

52% of the plan for 5 year. Until now, there have been 108 enterprises joining in the

export activities to 83 countries/territories. The services of passenger and good

transport are in the growth.

The service of post and telecommunication is relatively developed, 47.3 telephones/1,000

people.

The total investment budget in 3 years 2006-2008 is estimated to be 19,472 billion VND, the

average increase is 25%/year (43.3%). Until now, 100% of the communes get access to the

electricity, in which 97% of the communes get network electricity, 98% of the hamlets get

access to the electricity, and the rate of households getting network electricity in 2008 is

about 98.5%. The rate of rural households getting access to the hygienic water is 75%.

The markets are distributed unevenly because they were set up and developed spontaneously

in the beginning. The rural markets are mainly temporary, semi-concrete, and poor in term

of goods variety. The urban markets have more varieties of goods. Now in Quy Nhon city

there is only one large-scale commercial center.

15

In general, the infrastructure of the trading sector is still weak and slowly invested. The

trading activities only focus on meeting the input of production and consuming. They have

not correlative to the goods production and circulation, and market enlarging.

f. Traveling: With rich traveling resources in term of nature and human, the

traveling sector of Binh Dinh province has recently developed this advantage.

However, the development efficiency is not high as expected because it depends on

the development of other sectors.

16

CHAPTER II: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

AND TREATMENT

II.1 Domestic solid waste

II.1.1 Amount, composition, and property of solid waste

As the statistic of the agencies managing, collecting and transport SW in the districts/city of

Binh Dinh province, the urban domestic SW amount in the provincial are is 306.6 tons/day.

In which, the SW amount of Quy Nhon city is 58% of the provincial amount.Table 2.1 The urban domestic SW amount in Binh Dinh province

Ord. Name of the urban area SW amount (ton/day)1 Quy Nhon city 1782 An Nhon district 123 Hoai Nhon district 304 Tay Son district 55 Hoai An district 0.46 Tuy Phuoc district 277 Phu Cat district 508 Phu My district 39 Van Canh district 0.210 Vinh Thanh district 0.511 An Lao district 0.5

Total 306.6Source:

1. Binh Dinh DoNRE, the Environment Divisions of DPCs in Binh Dinh province

2. The statistic of the agencies managing, collecting and transport SW in the districts/city of Binh Dinh province

The compositions of the domestic SW include a large rate of organic substance. The

domestic SW compositions of Quy Nhon city include 60.8% of organic substance, 14% of

the recyclable and reusable substances such as metal, paper, carton, wood, plastic, glass, and

25.2% of other substances. (See table 2.2)

Table 2.2. The current situation of domestic SW composition

Ord Composition % of the amount1 Organic waste 60.82 Metal 2.653 Plastic, rubber, leather 9.124 Paper, cloth 5.385 Glass, bone, stoneware 2.85

17

6 Other compositions 19.2Total 100

Source: Report on the composition separation of the domestic SW in Quy Nhon city, the URENCO Quy Nhon

The other urban areas of the province have not conducted the analysis of the SW

composition. However, we can consider that the composition of domestic SW in these urban

areas is similar to that of Quy Nhon city, or their organic percentage is higher than Quy

Nhon’s, their percentage of ash, recyclable and reusable substances is lower than Quy

Nhon’s because these areas are less developed in economy-society than Quy Nhon.

II.1.2 The current situation of separation, collection and transport

The domestic SW in Binh Dinh province has not been separated at the source. The SW

collected is transported to the landfill. At the landfill, the waste collectors separate and only

collect the waste that can be recycled and reused. However, these activities are happened

spontaneously.

a. The URENCO Quy Nhon is in charge of the collection and transport of SW in

Quy Nhon. Now at 16/20 communes and wards, the collection is carried out with high

rate (95%), at 4 islands and peninsulas, the collection is just 60%. In general, the

collection of the entire city is 85%.

b. The company has 260 workers collecting SW directly. They are divided into 5

teams, including 4 teams of environmental sanitation nr.1, 2, 3, 4, and 1 team of water

surface sanitation. They have 254 handcarts of 0.35m3. They work in 2 shifts:

morning shift is from 3am to 7am, afternoon shift is from 15pm to 18pm.

c. Everyday, the workers of URENCO Quy Nhon collect the domestic SW from

residential zones, streets, offices … in Quy Nhon city and then transport them to

intermediate stations. Besides, the management boards of the markets collect and

transport the SW from markets to intermediate stations. Now in Quy Nhon city there

are 17 intermediate stations located at 10 markets to gather domestic SW from the

markets and the adjacent residential zones, and other 7 intermediate stations located

at intersections and in front of some public places. After domestic SW is gathered at

the intermediate stations, they will be transported by Quy Nhon URENCO trucks to

Long My treatment plant, where is 20km to the south west from the city center. The

SW is transported daily from 3am to 5am, and from 15pm to 17pm.

18

Table 2.3. The current situation of SW transpoting vehicles of Quy Nhon city

N

oKind of vehicle Brand and load

Manufacturing

countryAmount

Starting time

to use

Current

quality1 Truck Hino – 5 tons Japan + VN 4 2000 75%2 Truck IFA – 5 tons Germany 2 1987 40%3 Truck IFA – 5 tons Germany 1 1990 40%4 Truck IFA – 5 tons Germany 1 Unknown 30%5 Truck Nissan – 3.5 tons Japan 1 Unknown 30%6 Dumper truck Kamaz – 15 tons Russia 1 2001 65%7 Dumper truck Reo – 5 tons America 1 Before 1975 30%8 Small rolling truck Toyota – 2.5 tons Japan 1 Unknown 40%9 Small rolling truck Toyota – 2.5 tons Japan 1 1986 40%10 Small rolling truck Toyota – 2.5 tons Japan 1 1992 40%11 Small rolling truck Toyota – 2.5 tons Japan 3 Before 1993 40%

12Medium rolling

truckNissan – 5 tons Japan 1 1990 50%

13Medium rolling

truckHino – 4 tons Japan + VN 1 2002 70%

14Medium rolling

truck

Kia Rhino – 5

tonsKorea 1 1990 50%

15 Health dump truck Daihatso – 1 ton Japan + VN 1 2001 90%Source: The Technical Division of URENCO Quy Nhon – 2003

19

Figure 2.1. The current process of domestic SW collection, transport and treatment in Quy Nhon city

In the districts, the collection is only conducted in district towns, in which only main streets

and some parts of residential zones are collected SW. The collection rate is low, about 15%-

30%. Cooperatives or Ltd. companies under TPCs or DPCs are in charge of the SW

collection. After collected, SW is transported to temporary landfills of the districts, which is

0.5ha-1ha. The uncollected SW gathers at riverside areas, bridges and then pollutes the

environment.

SW from schools, offices …

SW from markets

Handcarts

Intermediate stations at markets

Intermediate stations

SW transporting

trucks

Landfills

20

SW from households and

business enterprises

Table 2.4. The current situation of SW collection and transport in Binh Dinh province

District/Cit

y

Implementing agency Service scale

An Nhon Agricultural Cooperative of Binh

Dinh town, An Nhon

Cooperative Union under An

Nhon DPC

Dap Da town, Nhon Thanh commune, Nhon Hau

commune, Nhon Hung commune, Binh Dinh town

Hoai Nhon Nguyen Tin Ltd. Co, supported

in policy and tariff by DPC

Bong Son town, some communes along National

Highway 1: Hoai Duc, Hoai Thanh, Hoai Thanh Tay,

Hoai Hao, Tam Quan town, Tam Quan Bac commune,

Hoai Huong commune and part of Hoai Chau Bac

communeTay Son Phu Phong II Service and

Agricultural Cooperative under

DPC

Phu Phong town

Hoai An Collection team under TPC Along main streets of Tang Bat Ho townTuy Phuoc Ha Thanh Plant & Environment

Ltd. Co

13 communes and 1 town

Phu Cat Transport & Public Work

Division

Along main streets of the communes and town: Ngo May,

Cat Tan, Cat Tuong, Cat Trinh, Cat HanhPhu My Collection teams under Binh

Duong TPC and Phu My TPC

Binh Duong town and Phu My town (limited along the

main streets)Van Canh Collection team under Van Canh

TPC

District market and along provincial highway 638 in the

townVinh Thanh Collection team of the market

management board

Market and residential area around the market

An Lao Not yet collected and treatedThe collection and transport vehicles in districts are insufficient and unqualified, can not

meet the actual demand.

II.1.3 The current situation of treatment

a. The domestic SW in Binh Dinh province is treated by burying or burning.

Now the landfill of Long My at Long My hamlet, Phuoc My commune, Tuy Phuoc district,

which is 30ha, is used for Quy Nhon city and Tuy Phuoc district. The hygienic burying

technology here is half-submerged half-emerged dry landfill. Because it was built before the

issue of the Joint Circular nr.01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT-BXD of the Ministry of Science,

Technology and Environment and the Ministry of Construction instructing the environment

protection regulations in selecting location, building and operating landfills; the landfill cell

21

nr.1 of Long My was not qualified in term of hygienic standards (there is not inner wall

lining, bottom lining, waste water collecting system, waste air collecting system …). The

cells nr.2 and nr.3 has been being built according to the hygienic regulations (build water

sewerage channel, wastewater-collecting system, line and waterproof the walls and bottom

…). However, the wastewater and waste-air treatment system has not been invested

sufficiently because of the lack of budget.

The landfills in districts are all unhygienic, there is not waste water treatment system, the

SW is disposed naturally. The landfills are temporary. Some of them do not have walls;

some are small, 0.5ha-1ha. See the table below.

b. The composting process is still pilot. There are 2 projects on it:

o The SW treatment plant in Quy Nhon city, its designed capacity is 250 tons of

compost / day

o The treatment plant at Nhon Phu ward, Quy Nhon city, its capacity is 5 tons/3

months (within the framework of the pilot project “Community based SW

management and compost production”). The compost is sold at the Cooperative 1

Nhon Phu at the price 700VND/kg.Table 2.5. Current situation of the landfills in Binh Dinh province

District/city Location, scale Assessment of the situationQuy Nhon The landfill of Long My: 30ha

a. The cell nr.1 was not

constructed according to the techniques of

a hygienic landfill. Now it has been filled

with SW already.

b. The cells nr.2 and nr.3 was

constructed according to the techniques of

a hygienic landfill (build water sewerage

channel, wastewater-collecting system, line

and waterproof the walls and bottom …).

However, the wastewater and waste-air

treatment system has not been invested

sufficiently.

From now on, the wastewater and

waste-air treatment system need to be

completed. The landfill of Long My

will able to meet the demand of SW

treatment of Quy Nhon city and Tuy

Phuoc district in the near future.

22

District/city Location, scale Assessment of the situationAn Nhon The landfill of Phu Son hamlet, Nhon Hoa

commune, 2ha, unhygienic

Inapplicable, a new location needs to

be selected and a new landfill needs

to be invested.Hoai Nhon The landfill of Tam Quan Bac commune

(500m2) and the landfill of Bong Son town

(600m2); both are temporary and unhygienic

They will not able to meet the

demand of SW treatment for Hoai

Nhon district in the near future. So a

new landfill needs to be investedTay Son The landfill of Tay Xuan, 1ha It is temporary and small. It will not

be able to meet the demand of SW

treatment in the future. So a new and

hygienic landfill needs to be investedHoai An The landfill of Gia Thieu I hamlet, Tang Bat

Ho town, 1ha

It is temporary and located near the

town center (1km away from the

town center), so it is not applicable to

extend the area. A new location

needs to be selected and a new

landfill needs to be invested.Tuy Phuoc The SW of Dieu Tri town and Tuy Phuoc

town are buried and treated at the landfill of

Long My

The landfill of Long My is able to

meet the demand in the near future

Phu Cat The landfill of An Hanh Tay hamlet, 1ha It is temporary and located near the

town and the residential zone, so it is

not applicable. A new location needs

to be selected and a new landfill

needs to be invested.Phu My The temporary landfill of Phu My town, 1ha It is temporary and the location is

inapplicable. A new location needs to


to be invested.Van Canh The landfill at the base of Hon Ong mountain It is temporary and the location is

inapplicable. A new location needs to


to be invested.

23

District/city Location, scale Assessment of the situationVinh Thanh a. A temporary dumping ground

near the town

b. The district is investing a new

landfill

The district is investing a new

landfill.

An Lao The SW has not been collected and treated A new landfill needs to be planned

and invested.

II.1.4 The model of SW management

In Quy Nhon city, the URENCO is in charge of the SW management. The URENCO Quy

Nhon is a public office under the PC of Quy Nhon city. It is in charge of collecting only the

SW in Quy Nhon city.Table 2.6. The current tariff of urban SW management in Quy Nhon city

No Category Tariff/month (VND)1 Households locating in front streets 10,0002 Households locating in alleys 5,0003 Households locating in streets without tars 7,0004 Restaurants 20,000 – 100,0005 Shops 20,000 – 100,0006 Markets 2,000,000 – 4,300,0007 Hospitals 100,000 – 5,300,0008 Private hospitals 150,0009 Private clinic 15,00010 Schools 100,00011 Collecting zone 3,000

Source: URENCO Quy Nhon - 2003

24

Figure 2.2. The current SW management agencies in Quy Nhon city

In the districts, the SW collection is only conducted in towns and some adjacent communes.

The collection is assigned to cooperatives, transport agencies of districts, collecting teams

under the TPCs. But in Hoai Nhon district, the collection is assigned to Nguyen Tin Ltd.

Co.; and in Tuy Phuoc district, it is assigned to Ha Thanh Plant & Environment Ltd. Co.

The tariff is from 3,500VND to 10,000VND for households and from 10,000VND to

12,000VND for offices.

II.2 Industrial solid waste

II.1.1 The running situation of the industrial zones and small industrial zones in

Binh Dinh province

Currently, in Binh Dinh province, there have been 2 IZs put into use. They are Phu Tai IZ

with 108 enterprises, in which 68 enterprises have operated, the others are in the period of

construction or investment procedure finishing; Long My IZ (Long My hamlet, Phuoc My

commune, Tuy Phuoc district) with 21 projects registering to join in the IZ, in which 3

projects have operated.

Quy Nhon CPC

Binh Dinh DoNRE Director of URENCO Binh Dinh DoC

Deputy Directors and Divisions

Water surface

ES team

Environ-mental

sanitation (ES)

teams

Transport and truck repairing

team

Landfill manage-

ment team

EM output team

Health SW

transport team

Urban natural

area manage-

ment team

25

Besides, in the province area, there have been some IPs put into use such as the IPs of Go Da

Trang in An Nhon district, Quang Trung in Quy Nhon city, Gach Ngoi in Binh Nghi

commune of Tay Son district and Go Mit in Phu Cat district... The general situation in these

IPs is small in term of area, backward in term of technology (many enterprises are under the

model of waste material recycling and reusing).

In addition, some IZs are in the period of planning or calling for investment such as the IZs

of Nhon Hoi, Nhon Binh, Nhon Hoa and Nhon Tan – Binh Nghi commune – Tay Son

district.Table 2.7. The running situation of the IZs and IPs in Binh Dinh province

No List of IZ/IP Current situationI IZ1 Phu Tai IZ (Quy Nhon city) Filling rate: 95%2 Long My IZ (Quy Nhon city) Filling rate: 81%3 Nhon Hoi IZ (within the general economic zone of Nhon Hoi,

Quy Nhon city)

On constructing

4 Nhon Hoa IZ (An Nhon district) On constructingCat Khanh Hoa Hoi IZ (Phu Cat district) On constructing

5 Nhon Tan IZ – Binh Nghi commune (Tay Son district) Planned already6 Bong Son IZ (Hoai Nhon district) Planned alreadyII 10 IPs (running now)

Quy Nhon city1 Quang Trung IP Filled already2 Nhon Binh IP Filled aready3 IP of Quarter 8 of Bui Thi Xuan ward On constructing

Phu My district3 Binh Duong IP Running

Phu Cat district4 Go Mit IP Running

An Nhon district5 Go Da Trang IP Filled already

Nhon Phong IP Running6 Nhon Hoa IP Running

Tay Son district7 Hoc Bom IP Filled already8 Phu An IP Running

Tuy Phuoc district9 Phuoc An IP Running

An Lao district10 Cay Duoi IP RunningIII 4 IPs (planned already, getting ready to run)

Vinh Thanh district1 Ta Suc IP 20ha

26

No List of IZ/IP Current situationVan Canh district

2 Van Canh IP 17ha3 Canh Vinh IP 60ha

An Nhon district4 Go Son IP 27ha5 Binh Dinh Town IP 23ha

Tay Son district6 Cau Nuoc Xanh IP 47ha

Phu Cat district7 Cat Nhon IP 50ha

Tuy Phuoc district8 Phuoc An IP 51.4haIV 4 IPs (in planning, not run yet)

Hoai Nhon district1 Thiet Dinh IP 13ha

Hoai An district2 Doc Truong Soi IP 10ha

Phu My district3 Diem Tieu IP 23.5ha4 My Thanh IP 73ha5 Dai Thanh IP 63.4ha6 An Luong IP 20ha

II.2.2 The current situation of SW amount, composition and property

The industrial SW collection in the province area has not currently managed, so there has not

been any specific figure on the total amount of SW in the province. Particularly, according

to the reports of the Industrial Zones Management Unit of Binh Dinh province, the total

amount of industrial SW requiring to be collected and treated in the two IZs of Phu Tai and

Long My is 810 tons/day.

The SW composition depends on the manufacturing type. See table 2.8 for more details.Table 2.8. Industrial SW compositions

District/city IZ/IP Manufacturing type SW compositionNon-hazardous SW Hazardous SW

Quy Nhon city Phu Tai IZ

Forest product

processing

Slab, sawdust,

packing ...

-

Stone processing Waste stone, stone

dust

acid corroding

stoneTuy Phuoc

district

Long My IZ Building material

processing

Stone, coal residues,

soil ...Paper manufacture Waste paper, carton

27

Sugar-cane industry Sugar-cane dregs and

skin ...An Nhon

district

Go Da

Trang IP

Plating industry Waste metal Heavy metal

Tay Son districtBinh Nghi

IP

Brick and tile industry Waste brick, soil ... -

Quy Nhon cityQuang

Trung IP

Electronic manufacture Plastic, spare parts -

Source: - Baseline Report in Environment of Binh Dinh province – 2004- IZs Management Unit of Binh Dinh province- Baseline Report in Environment of An Nhon district, Tay Son district...II.2.3 The current situation of SW separation, collection and transport

• The current situation of SW separation at the source

Until now, the SW separation has not carried out thoroughly. Most of enterprises only

separate the SW that brings them some economic value such as sawdust and waste timber

from timber processing, SW from frozen aquatic product processing, waste stone... These

kinds of waste are used for firing or sold to cattle-feed processing enterprises... The SW that

has no economic value including even hazardous SW (such as cloth with oil, broken light

tube...) is collected and mixed with domestic SW.

• The current situation of SW collection and transport

a. The collection and transport of industrial SW is in charge of the enterprises.

After separated and collected, the SW can be reused in the enterprises. The recyclable

SW is sold to water purchasing agencies or recycling agencies. The disposed SW is

transported to the waste storehouse of the enterprises.

28

Figure 2.3. Typical collection cycle at IZs/IPs

After collected, the industrial SW is transported to waste gathering points or piled up in the

yard and waits for being transported out of the enterprises. The transport of SW out of

IZs/IPs is conducted through many ways as follows:

b. In the two main running IZs, which are Phu Tai and Long My, the industrial

SW collection is done by Quy Nhon URENCO. The SW is collected and transported

to Long My landfill of Quy Nhon city. However, the collection rate is rather low,

only about 3.7% of the SW amount (according to the report of the Management Unit

of the IZs in Binh Dinh province). The reason is the disagreement upon prices

between the collection agency and the waste generating agency.

c. In the IZs in districts, the SW collection is done by the waste collecting service

suppliers of the districts.

d. The rate of industrial SW collection and treatment is low (in particularly, in the

two IZs of Phu Tai and Long My, this rate is only about 3.7% of the SW amount).

Most of SW has not been collected and treated safely and controlled closely.

Therefore, the uncontrolled disposal usually happens.

• The current situation of SW recycling and reusing

Industrial SW

Separation

Reusable SW Non-reusable SW

Reuse on site or sell

Can, nylon... collected by the cleaner

Leaves, soil, sand, waste... strewed over

the enterprise precinct

Handcart

Waste gathering points outside the urban areas or free disposals

Long My landfill or districts’ landfills

29

Domestic SW of enterprises

Recycling and reusing SW happens at many manufacturers. The reusable SW is used for

revolving manufacturing. The recyclable SW is used to sell to waste purchasing agency for

recycling:

a. For timber processing factories: The SW here is sawdust, waste timber,

packing ... They are reused for firing (In the IZs of Phu Tai and Long My, there are

35 timber processing enterprises, making up a large rate in comparison with the total

running enterprises).

b. For paper and carton processing factories: The SW is mainly waste paper, they

are reused for recycling paper factories.

c. For granite processing factories: The SW is stone powder, stone slab ... Stone

slab is used for construction materials.

d. For frozen food processing factories: The SW is sold to cattle-feed processing

enterprises.

II.2.4 The current situation of SW treatment

The industrial SW from IZs/IPs is treated by several methods depending on its properties

and compositions. The currently applied methods include recycling, reusing, burying,

transferring to other agencies or storing at the enterprises.

The recyclable and reusable industrial SW is collected and reused for the enterprises or sold

to waste purchasing agencies. The enterprises contract with specialized agencies or private

agencies/individuals to collect, transport and treat non-recyclable and non-reusable waste.

Thus, there are many inadequate problems in the collection, transport and treatment of

hazardous SW and non-hazardous SW in IZs/IPs. There have not been hygienic treatment

methods in many manufacturers. The collection and treatment have not been controlled

strictly, especially in case the enterprise hires an individual to collect and transport SW to

the disposal points. Moreover, in the province there is no centralized treatment plant for

hazardous waste.

II.2.5 The model of SW management

- Our experience shows that the industrial SW management has not been assigned

clearly to a responsible agency. There has not been a united management apparatus.

While the DoI, Nhon Hoi Economic Zone Management Unit and IZs Management

30

Unit are assigned to bear the main responsibility, they have no sufficient financial

resources to implement it.

- The regulations on SW management have not been obliged to implement fully. There

is insufficient control in the SW management and treatment.

- There are not enough incentives for the industrial enterprises to invest in the SW

separation, collection and treatment systems.

- The IZs and industrial enterprises make reports on environmental impact evaluation,

but in fact, they do not implement fully the recommendations proposed in their

reports.

- The fine for activities violating SW management is too low.

II.3 Health solid waste

II.3.1 The current situation of SW amount, composition and property

Now in the entire provincial are, there are about 2,500 hospital beds. According to the

reports on the SW management in Binh Dinh from 2001 to 2005 and the environmental

situation in Binh Dinh in 2005, the total amount of hospital SW in Binh Dinh is about 1,289

tons/year, in which health SW is 129 tons/year, hospital domestic SW is 1,160 tons/year. See

table 2.9 for more details.Table 2.9. The current situation of the health SW amount arisen in Binh Dinh province

N

o

District

CityHospital

Number of

beds

Amount of hospital SW (ton/year)Total

amount(2)

Health

SW(1)

Domestic

SW1 Quy Nhon Provincial Policlinic 600 373.17 37.32 335.85

Quy Nhon City

Policlinic

250 52.66 5.27 47.39

Quy Hoa Leprosy and

Dermatology Hospital

200 27.17 2.72 24.45

Army Hospital 13 150 6.36 0.64 5.72Orthopedics and

Rehabilitation Center

150 3.11 0.31 2.80

Ophthalmology Center 0 1.96 0.20 1.76Preventive Health Center 0 3.15 0.32 2.84Traditional Medical

Hospital

120 1.96 0.20 1.76

Tuberculosis Hospital 120 14.49 1.45 13.04

31

Children and Mother

Health Care Center

0.88 0.09 0.79

Psychiatric Hospital 110 3.06 0.31 2.75Hoa Binh Private

Policlinic

1.13 0.11 1.02

Dermatology Center 0 0.57 0.06 0.51Community Health Care

Center (*)

0 0.06 0.01 0.05

Sanatorium 50 0.002 Tuy Phuoc Policlinic 90 7.55 0.76 6.803 An Nhon Policlinic 130 8.97 0.90 8.074 Phu Cat Policlinic 110 9.30 0.93 8.375 Phu My Policlinic 100 9.93 0.99 8.946 Tay Son Policlinic 100 10.30 1.03 9.277 Hoai Nhon Health Center 50 5.00 0.51 5.00

Bong Son Hospital 200 96.36 9.64 86.728 Hoai An(1) Health Center 70 7.00 0.72 6.009 An Lao(1) Health Center 40 4.00 0.41 4.001

0

Van Canh(1) Health Center 40 4.00 0.41 4.00

1

1

Vinh

Thanh(1)

Health Center 40 4.00 0.41 4.00

Total 656.74 65.67 591.07Source:(1) Binh Dinh DoH(2) Estimated amount (according to the Baseline report on the environment of Binh Dinh province, the amount of health

SW is about 10% of the hospital SW)

The composition of hospital SW in Binh Dinh province can basically follow the result of the

survey on SW composition in Vietnam hospital carried out by the cooperation project

between the MoH and WHO.

- Paper of all kinds: 3%

- Metal, can: 0.7%

- Glass, medicine bottle, plastic syringe and injection needle: 3.2%

- Dressing of wounds, plaster: 8.8%

- Plastic bags and bottle of all kinds: 10.1%

- Patient body’s parts 0.6%

- Organic waste: 52.57%

- Soil, stone and other hard things: 21.03%

32

II.3.2 The current situation of SW separation, collection and transport

• The current situation of SW separation at the source

Since Dec 2001, the hazardous SW in hospitals and health stations has been separated at the

source. The health SW is separated into 2 categories:

- Domestic SW from health staff, patients and patient-sitters

- Health SW (hazardous waste) includes dressing of wounds, transfusion tubes,

extracting tubes, blood filter, injection needles ... after used; waste including

poisonous chemical, radioactive substance and patient body’s parts (body’s part

rejects from operation, blood test)

The separation at the source:

- It has been done in most of provincial hospitals, hospitals and health centers in Quy

Nhon city, and some district hospitals.

- It has not been done in mountainous district hospitals and private health centers.

• The current situation of SW collection and transport

The collection and transport of hospital SW is done as follows:

- The health SW that has been separated at the source is collected and transported

complying with the regulations on health SW management.

- Domestic SW from hospitals is collected together with urban domestic SW.

According to the General report on the health SW management and treatment from Dec

2001 to Aug 2005 in Binh Dinh province, the collection happens in 76% of the health

agencies in the province, in which 71.4% of therapeutic agencies and 100% of preventive

health agencies. The collection happens in 89.4% of the hospital beds in the province.

Therefore, the non-collected hazardous health SW amount decreases remarkably.

Many district health agencies have not had storage devices for hazardous SW before

collection and transport. Some health agencies do not usually use plastic bags to store SW as

regulated, so the SW is scattered while they are transporting to incinerators. In addition, the

area is large, the transport means is insufficient, so the regulation on storage time of SW (48

hours) issued by the MoH has not been abided by.

At the health agencies that have not separated SW at the source, the SW treatment has not

done according to safe methods. Health SW is collected together with domestic SW and

33

transported to landfills or buried in the hospital precinct, causing environmental pollution to

the underground and surface water source, and causing latent pathogen to the human.

The transport of health SW is supervised by the Health SW Steering Committee under the

PPC, and is coordinated by many relating agencies. This supervision and coordination

ensure to maintain the activities of health SW separation, collection and treatment at the

areas.

In general, the collection, treatment and management of SW are being more and more stable.

The treatment plants in the district are being more and more extending. In comparison with

other provinces, the separation, collection and treatment of health SW in Binh Dinh province

are conducted quite well. The rate of health agencies that treat health SW by incinerators

increase from 40% in 2001 to 76% in 2004 and 77.7% in 2005, in which 67% are hospitals,

and 100% are preventive medical agencies. There are 21 health agencies participating in the

system (15 hospitals, 4 provincial preventive centers). The province of Binh Dinh is highly

appreciated in regards of the collection and treatment of health SW by the MoH.

II.3.3 The current situation of SW treatment

Now the health SW in Binh Dinh province is treated by 2 methods: burning and burying.

• The method of burning by the incinerators, the ashes after the incineration will be

buried.

In the province, there are 3 incinerators for health SW, located in the Tuberculosis Hospital,

the Policlinic of Bong Son district and the Policlinic of Tay Son district.

- The Tuberculosis Hospital: The capacity of the incinerator is 500kg/time. The

incinerator is of kind HOVAL-MZ4.

- The Policlinic of Bong Son and the Policlinic of Phu Phong (Tay Son district): The

incinerator has smaller capacity, 30kg/time, and of kind BDF-LDR30.

• The method of burying: This method is used for the ashes after the incineration and

for the health SW at the hospitals that have not had incinerators.

- After the incineration, the left ashes are about 10% of the original SW volume. These

amount of ashes are transported to the landfill of Long My and buried in the same cell

of hazardous industrial SW.

34

- At the district hospitals where there have not had incinerators, the health SW is buried

at the local dumpsites or at the vacant grounds inside hospitals. That error treatment

causes environment pollution and disease, and affects to the health of the community.

II.3.4 The modal of SW management

The PPC sets up the Provincial Steering Committee, whose tasks are to give the health

agencies the direction on the activities of health SW separation, transport, incineration and

treatment fee. To assist the Steering Committee, there is a team including 3 members:

- There is a Health SW Treatment Committee in each health agency.

- The health agencies separate the health SW and domestic SW, then collect, store and

transfer them to the URENCO Quy Nhon as scheduled.

- The URENCO Quy Nhon receives health SW from the health agencies, transports

them to incinerators in the Tuberculosis Hospital everyday, and then receives the left

ashes for burying.

- The incinerators in the Tuberculosis Hospitals, the Policlinic of Bong Son district and

the Policlinic of Phu Phong in charge of the incineration of health SW.

The transport of health SW is under the supervision and management of the Provincial

Steering Committee, which is under the PPC, and under the coordination of the relating

agencies. This supervision, management and coordination ensure to maintain the activities of

health SW separation, transport and treatment at the local areas.

35

Figure 2.4. The process of health SW management and treatment in Binh Dinh province

II.4 The ongoing projects in Binh Dinh province

1. The project on construction of SW treatment plant in Quy Nhon city

- Capacity of the plant: 250 tons/day; area under use: 6.6ha

- Location: At the Long My landfill

- Total investment cost: 50.5 billion VND

2. The WB project on sanitation in Quy Nhon city, which includes the component

of Long My landfill; it aims to:

- Rehabilitate the existing landfill; build a new SW landfill, a new landfill for

hazardous SW, fence and some technical items for the treatment demands of the

landfill.

- Coordinate the WB project and the on-construction SW treatment plant

3. The detailed plan for the SW treatment plant and landfill of Phu Phong town,

Tay Son district: It was approved by the PPC at the Decision nr.582/QD-CTUBND

Medical agencies

Separation

Health SW

Collection, storage

Transport

Domestic SW & refuse

Incinerator of health SW

Transport ashes after incineration

Landfill

Medical agencies that have no incinerators

36

dated 11 Mar 2005. The area is 72,410m2. It is a basement to make the plan and

design of the landfill.

4. The plan for the SW landfill of Vinh Thanh district: the area is 2.1ha

5. The pilot project “Community based SW management and compost production”

Getting the financial and technical assistance of UN ESCAP, WASTE CONCERN and

ENDA VIETNAM, the Quy Nhon city had the SW and compost workshop constructed. The

investment cost was about 412 million VND. The workshop is more than 1,500m2 and

located at Area 5, Nhon Phu Ward.

The above project aims to help the people get familiar with the separation of domestic SW

into 2 categories: inorganic and organic. After 3 months of operation, the workshop

produced more than 5 tons of compost. The compost is used to fertilize the crops, so the

farmers can lessen their investment in inorganic fertilizer, it helps them to increase their

income and economic efficiency. The compost is sold at 700 VND/kg at the Cooperative of

Nhon Phu 1.

6. The projects calling the finance from the Belgian Government

(1) The project on the landfill of Nhon Tho commune, An Nhon district

- Area: 30ha; Capacity: 30-35 tons/24 hours

- Service scale: Binh Dinh town, Dap Da town and 13 commune centers

- Total investment cost: about 19 billion VND, in which 15 billion VND financed by

Belgium

(2) The project on the landfill of Tay Xuan commune, Tay Son district

- Area: 12ha; Capacity: 25 tons/24 hours

- Service scale: Phu Phong town and 15 commune centers


Belgium

(3) The project on the landfill of My Phong commune, Phu My district

- Area: 30ha; Capacity: 35 tons/24 hours

- Service scale: Phu My town, Binh Duong town and 19 commune centers


Belgium

37

(4) The project on the landfill of Hoai Duc commune, Hoai Nhon district

- Area: 25ha; Capacity: 30-35 tons/24 hours

- Service scale: Bong Son town, Tam Quan town and 15 commune centers


Belgium

II.5 General remarks on the situation of SW management and treatment

II.5.1 The achievements

- The collection of domestic SW and health SW is conducted rather well but unalike in

different areas (in towns, it is just in the initial step).

- The socialization and privatization of SW management have been organized and

conducted in the local areas, but the incentives for the socialized and privatized

agencies are still needed.

- The incinerators of health SW have been invested, but they have just set up in 3 are

centers.

II.5.2 The shortcomings

II.5.2.1 The issues on collection, transport and treatment

a. Domestic SW

- The rate of SW collection in the district urban areas is still low (about 15-30%). The

uncollected and uncontrolled SW is the cause of environmental pollution and affects

to the community health.

- Some districts have not managed SW (An Lao district).

- Organic SW makes up a big amount and is the source of compost production, but it

has not been utilized thoroughly.

- The amount of synthetic plastic is big, difficult to treat.

- The recycling and reusing happen popularly but still spontaneous. The spontaneous

activities implicitly cause environmental pollution and affect the community health.

- The landfill under control is only in Long My, but it is not hygienic. The others are

temporary or open, cannot meet the demand in the future.

b. Industrial SW

38

The management of industrial SW in the urban areas and IZs has not currently met the actual

demand.

- The control and management is not strict enough, the agencies give their own

solutions for the arising SW.

- The ratio of industrial SW that treated hygienically is low. The hazardous SW has not

been treated centrally. Most of them are buried together with domestic SW or

disposed at wrong places. So it causes an implicit risk of dispersion of pollutant.

- There is a potentiality in SW recycling and reusing. But it is still spontaneous.

- In the future, with a high orientation of industrial development, the amount of arising

industrial SW will be very large. It will be a challenge to the management if we do

not draw up any plan immediately.

c. Health SW

- The safe storage and transport equipment is insufficient.

- The ashes after health incinerators have not been treated safely.

II.5.2.2 The issues on management

- The mechanism, process and regulations on SW management have been issued, but

they have not been paid much attention.

- The resources for management, organization and conducting are insufficient.

39

CHAPTER III: THE SOLID WASTE MASTER PLAN FOR BINH DINH

PROVINCE UP TO 2020

III.1 The socioeconomic development plan for Binh Dinh province up to 2020

III.1.1 Some socioeconomic development targets of the province up to 2020

• Some economic development targets

- The forecast of economic growth of the province up to 2020:

The GDP in the province will be 9,500 billion VND in 2010 and 31,000 billion VND in

2020. The annual increase of the GDP growth tempo in the period 2005-2010 is 14%; in the

period 2010-2020 13.58%, in which the tempo increase of the specific economic sector is as

follows:

+ In the period 2005-2010: Industrial-construction sector: 21.8%; agro-forestry-

fishery sector: 5.6%; commercial-service: 13.5%

+ In the period 2010-2020: Industrial-construction sector: 16.73%; agro-forestry-

fishery sector: 4%; commercial-service: 13.27%

- The forecast of GDP/person in 2010: it will be more than 900USD and in 2020

2,031USD.

- The forecast of GDP-based economic structure of the province up to 2020:

+ In 2010:

• Industrial-construction sector: 37-38%

• Agro-forestry-fishery sector: 27-28%

• Commercial-service: 34-35%

+ In 2020:

• Industrial-construction sector: 49%

• Agro-forestry-fishery sector: 11%

• Commercial-service: 40%

• Some social development targets

- Population: The population of the province increases rapidly, the mechanical growth

rate is high, the distribution is unalike. In 2005, the total population of the province is

1,562 million, the annual natural growth is 2.33%, the urbanization rate is 25.15%.

The forecast in 2010: the total population of the province will be 1.65 – 1.7 million,

40

the annual natural growth is 1.05%, the urbanization rate is 36%. The forecast in

2020: the total population of the province will be 1.9 - 2 million, the annual natural

growth is 0.98%, and the urbanization rate is 52%.

- Social labor: In 2005, there are 890,700 persons in the labor age in the province,

which is 56% of the total population. In which, 793,700 labors are working for the

economic sectors, which is 89.1% of the total labors. In 2010, it is forecasted that

there will be 926,850 persons in the labor age in the province, which is 55.5% of the

total population. In which, 843,400 labors are working for the economic sectors,

which is 91% of the total labors. In 2020, it is forecasted that there will be 1,092,900

persons in the labor age in the province, which is 56% of the total population. In

which, 986,900 labors are working for the economic sectors, which is 90.3% of the

total labors.

- Training – education: Up to 2010, there will be 100% communes having their

kindergartens, in which more than 42% of the kindergartens will meet the national

standards; 50% of the primary schools will meet the national standards. Up to 2020,

each commune will have at least 1 junior high school meeting the national standards.

The senior high schools will be developed for commune groups and centers of

commune groups. The non-public schools will be encouraged to develop.

- Health: Up to the end of 2010 the following targets will be reached: 100% of the

districts/city have their upgraded health centers or newly-built health centers that suit

the hospital bed scale approved by the province. 100% of the commune groups have

their regional policlinic. 100% of the communes, wards and towns have their health

station constructed according to the national standard model. The ratio of suffering

and death due to infectious diseases will be decreased. The ratio of suffering and

death due to malaria, petechial fever, plague and sexually transmitted diseases will be

minimized. The social diseases will be prevented and managed efficiently.

III.1.2 The plan of urban system and rural residential zone development in the

province are up to 2020

a) The development viewpoint

41

- Develop urban areas and rural residential areas in the province in line with the

distribution of economic areas in order to facilitate the development of each urban

area.

- Develop urban areas and rural residential areas in the province based on the

distribution of the center urban system at many levels; combine the rehabilitation and

the construction in order to make an equal development among the areas.

- Develop urban areas and rural residential areas based on the attention to the

investment of social and technical infrastructure, the functional structure, the suitable

arrangement and the protection of the natural landscapes, production areas, natural

environment and ecology. The investment in line with the local specific conditions

and characteristics is objected to the sustainable development.

b) The development objective

- Arrange the urban system according to the development areas.

- Concentrate to the investment of the focus urban areas in line with the focus

economic area of the province and the focus economic area of the central.

- Invest suitably the district urban areas and the rural residential areas and develop their

specific advantages in the mean time.

- Review the master plan of each urban area, define the new development motivation

and the urban function and characteristics, especially the function of urban economy

to each district or each inter-district area; and carry out the focus investment projects

for each urban area in the beginning steps.

- Protect the agriculture, forestry, infrastructure and water environment.

c) The urban system and rural residential are plan of the province up to 2020

• C entral urban points of the inter-provincial region

- Quy Nhon city (urban point of rank I): It is the southern center of the focus economic area

of the Central. It plays the roles of a trading, service and transaction center. It is an large

industrial center of the Central region with more than 2,000 ha for industrial development. It

is also a tourism, education and training center of the Central and Highland region. By 2010,

the population is expected as 340,000 people and by 2020 as 520,000 people.

• Central urban points at provincial level

42

- Binh Dinh provincial town (urban point of rank IV): It is a provincial center with the

functions as an important transaction and trading bridge to the Highland, industrial, a

center of industry, commerce, service, tourism, history and culture of the province.

By 2010, the population is expected as 70,000 people and by 2020 as 100,000 people.

- Bong Son provincial town (urban point of rank IV): It is a general central urban with

the role as a booster for the socioeconomic, agro-forestry-fishery and rural

development. It is the entrance gate and the northern economic center of the province.

The population is expected 50,000 people by 2010 and 85,000 people by 2020.

- Phu Phong provincial town ((urban point of rank IV): It is a western center of the

province, a center of small centralized production area of rice, cash crops, industrial

crops, fruit crops and building stones. It is located in an appropriate place for the

socioeconomic development of the western mountainous area. The population is

expected 15,000 people by 2010 and 50,000 people by 2020.

- Cat Tien provincial town (urban point of rank IV): It is in the Phu Cat district. It has

many potentialities for the tourism development. It is a tourism and service urban

point at the north of Nhon Hoi Economic Zone. The population is expected 10,000

people by 2010 and 50,000 people by 2020.

• Central urban points at district level

Up to 2020, Binh Dinh province will have 10 central points at district level with the

population of about 7,000 – 25,000 people. Their existing functions are administrative

service and center of agro-forestry-fishery production. Besides, their specific potentiality can

be developed.

- Tam Quan district town (urban point of rank V): It is a new district town of Hoai

Nhon district, which is a plain district with the potentialities of aquaculture, fishery,

craft, tourism, food production, industry trees and fruit trees. It plays a meaningful

role in term of national defense. It is a general central urban with the role as a booster

for the socioeconomic development of the north-end district. The population is


- Phu My district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Phu My district,

which has potentialities of aquaculture, fishery, sea tourism, fruit crops, industrial

43

trees, mineral exploitation. It plays a meaningful role in term of national defense. It is

a general central urban with the role as a booster for the socioeconomic development

of the district. The population is expected 14,000 people by 2010 and 20,000 people

by 2020.

- Ngo May district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Phu Cat district. It is


of the district. The population is expected 15,000 people by 2010 and 25,000 people

by 2020.

- Tuy Phuoc district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Tuy Phuoc district,

which is rice storage of the province. It is a general central urban with the role as a

booster for the socioeconomic development of the district. The population is expected

15,000 people by 2010 and 20,000 people by 2020.

- Nhon Tan district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of the new An Nhon

district, which is rice specialized production area. It is a general central urban with the

role as a booster for the socioeconomic development of the district. The population is


- Van Canh district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Van Canh district,

which is forestry production area with the potentiality of building stone exploitation.

It is a general central urban with the role as a booster for the socioeconomic

development of the district. The population is expected 7,000 people by 2010 and

10,000 people by 2020.

- Vinh Thanh district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Vinh Thanh

district, which is the mountainous area to the western of the province, the forestry

production area, with the potentiality of hydroelectric, hydraulic and valuable metal

exploitation. It is a general central urban with the role as a booster for the

socioeconomic development of the district. The population is expected 6,000 people

by 2010 and 8,000 people by 2020.

- Tang Bat Ho district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Hoai An district.

It is a general central urban with the role as a booster for the socioeconomic

44

development of the district. The population is expected 9,000 people by 2010 and

10,500 people by 2020.

- An Lao district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of An Lao district. It is a

general central urban with the role as a booster for the socioeconomic development of

the district. The population is expected 5,000 people by 2010 and 8,000 people by

2020.

- Tay Binh district town (urban point of rank V): It is the town of Tay Son district. It is


of the district. The population is expected 5,000 people by 2010 and 10,000 people by

2020.

• Specialized urban points at district level and new urban points

By 2020, the province will have 10 specialized urban points at district level. They are

formulated based on the development effect of industrial areas, traffic head, tourism service,

and agro-forestry production.

- Binh Duong town (urban point of rank V): It is located on the National Highway 1A

in Phu My district. It is the logistic service center of fishery and seafood processing.

The population is expected 7,000 people by 2010 and 12,000 people by 2020.

- Cat Khanh town (urban point of rank V): It is located on the Provincial Highway 639,

which is coastal vein of the provincial, in Phu Cat district. It is the logistic service

center of fishery, seafood processing and mineral exploitation. The population is

expected 7,000 people by 2020.

- Go Boi town: It is located on the Provincial Highway 640 accessing to the Nhon Hoi

economic zone. It is a crowded area of Tuy Phuoc. The population is expected 6,000

people by 2020.

- Cho Gom town: It is located on the National Highway 1A in Phu Cat district. It is the

center of traffic service and industrial development. The population is expected 7,000

people by 2020.

- Xuan Phong town: It is the service center town of An Lao district. The population is


45

- Go Loi town: It is the service center town of Hoai An district. The population is


- An Luong town: It is the service center town of Phu My district. The population is


- Cau Ba Gi town: It is the service center town of Tuy Phuoc district. The population is


- An Thai town: It is the service center town of An Nhon district. The population is


- Dong Pho town: It is the service center town of Tay Son district. The population is


- Phuoc Loc town: It is the service town of Tuy Phuoc district. The population is


• Organiz ation of rural residential zones

The centralized rural residential zones are divided into 3 main categories: rural town, center

of inter-communes, and techno-economic rural zones. By 2010, there will be 15 rural

centralized residential points invested in technical and social infrastructure in line with the

new development demand. By 2020, there will be 11 rural towns and 4 inter-commune

centers.

- An Lao district: There will be An Nghia inter-commune center. The population is


- Hoai An district:

• Lien Hoi inter-commune center. The population is expected 3,000 people by

2010 and 5,000 people by 2020.

• My Duc inter-commune center. The population is expected 3,000 people by

2010 and 5,000 people by 2020.

- Vinh Thanh district: There will be Vinh Kim inter-commune center. The population

is expected 1,000 people by 2010 and 3,000 people by 2020.

- Phu My district:

• My Tho rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by 2010 and

5,000 people by 2020.

46

• My Hiep rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by 2010 and

5,000 people by 2020.

- Tay Son district:

• Hoa Trung rural town: The population is expected 5,000 people by 2010 and

6,000 people by 2020.

• Tay An rural town: The population is expected 5,000 people by 2010 and 6,000

people by 2020.

- Phu Cat district: Cat Minh rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by

2010 and 5,000 people by 2020.

- An Nhon district:

• Nhon Khanh rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by 2010 and

5,000 people by 2020.

• Phu Hoa rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by 2010 and 5,000

people by 2020.

- Tuy Phuoc district: Ky Son rural town: The population is expected 2,000 people by

2010 and 4,000 people by 2020.

- Van Canh district:

o Canh Vinh rural town: The population is expected 3,000 people by 2010 and

5,000 people by 2020.

o Canh Hoa rural town: The population is expected 2,000 people by 2010 and 3,000

people by 2020.

III.1.3 The master plan of industrial zones and small industrial zones in the

province up to 2010 and the development orientation up to 2020

According to the Decision nr.124/2004/QD-UB dated 6 Dec 2004 of the Binh Dinh PPC

approving the Master Plan of IZs and IPs in the province up to 2010 and the development

orientation up to 2020, and the Decision nr.878/QD-UBND dated 26 Dec 2006 of the Binh

Dinh PPC approving the modification and supplementation of the Master plan of industrial

development in the province up 2010 and the vision up to 2020; there will be 8 IZs (in which

the Nhon Hoi IZ belongs to the Nhon Hoi economic zone) and 33 IPs.

47

III.1.3.1 Industrial zones

Phu Tai IZ (in Quy Nhon city)

o Planning area: 350ha

o Trading orientation: forestry processing, agro-seafood processing, building

materials, mechanism, electronics, wood, paper, carton, soft drinks

Long My IZ (in Quy Nhon city)


o Trading orientation:

- Be the destination to move some in-town industrial manufactures in Quy Nhon

city to.

- Attract the projects of agro-forestry product processing, building material,

fertilizer, plastic and rubber manufacture.

- Develop the industrial sectors of steel plating and manufacture.

- Assemble equipment and machine for agriculture and forestry production.

- Produce specialized equipment for industrial factories.

Nhon Hoi IZ (belongs to the general economic zone of Nhon Hoi, Quy Nhon city)

o Planning area: 1,395ha (according to the Decision nr.142/2005/QD-TTg dated

14 Jun 2005 approving the General Plan for the investment of Nhon Hoi economic

zone in Binh Dinh province up to 2020).

o Trading orientation: heavy industry, petrochemical industry, ship repairing and

shipbuilding, engine and spare part manufacture, car assembling, processing and

exporting industries, fabric, electronics …

Nhon Hoa IZ (Nhon Hoa commune, An Nhon district)


o Trading orientation: agro-forestry processing, mechanics of consumer goods

combining with mechanics of national defense, production activities of some

medium-scaled industries and large-scaled industries, combining with transit

warehouse.

Binh Nghi IZ (Tay Son district)


48

o Trading orientation: construction material processing (stones of all kinds),

mechanics, depot services …

Hoa Hoi IZ (Phu Cat district)

o Planning area: 260-300ha

o Trading orientation: agro-forestry processing, mechanics, agricultural machine

manufacture, construction material manufacture, consumer goods manufacture

Cat Khanh IZ (Phu Cat district)


o Trading orientation: agro-forestry processing, mechanics, agricultural machine

manufacture, construction material manufacture, consumer goods manufacture, post-

titanium goods manufacture …

Bong Son IZ (Hoai Nhon district)


o Trading orientation: agro-forestry processing, food processing, mechanics,

agricultural machine manufacture, construction material manufacture

III.1.3.2 Industrial points (Small industrial zones)

The formation of IPs aims to on one hand facilitate the development of industry and

handicraft in Quy Nhon city and the districts, and on the other hand to move the polluting

manufacturing establishments located in residential zones to another places, as well as to

gather manufacture establishments scattered everywhere.

Quy Nhon city:

- Quang Trung IP: 8.6ha; Trading orientation: mechanic manufacture, exporting

sewing, exporting plastic and bags …

- Nhon Phu IP (Nhon Phu commune): 40ha; Trading orientation: mechanic

manufacture, metal spare parts, plastic, electronic assembling and disassembling, dry

seafood, exporting rice cake, soft drink …

- Suoi Con Co IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: mechanic manufacture, electronic

assembling and disassembling, fresh drinking water, fermented soft drink, exporting

sewing, high-graded confectionery, fine handicrafts articles …; and move the

outstanding polluting manufacture establishments in Quy Nhon city to this IP.

49

- Nhon Binh IP: 46.87ha; Trading orientation: agricultural food processing, food

processing, depot service, electronics …

Hoai Nhon district:

- Bong Son – Thiet Dinh IP (Bong Son town): 13ha; Trading orientation:

mechanic industry, agricultural food processing, food processing …and move the

outstanding polluting manufacture establishments to this IP.

- Tam Quan IP (Tam Quan town): 15ha; Trading orientation: agro-forestry food

processing, food processing, agricultural mechanics, construction material, cattle-feed

processing …

- Hoai Chau IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: ashler facing stone for export,

agricultural food processing, dry seafood processing, repairing mechanics …

- Hoai Duc IP: 10ha; Trading orientation: mechanic industry, fresh drinking

water, construction material …

- Hoai Tan IP (Giao Hoi I hamlet, Hoai Tan commune): 30ha

Phu My district:

- Binh Duong IP: 33.63ha; Trading orientation: agricultural mechanics,

agricultural food processing, timber processing, construction material manufacture,

ice water manufacture …

- Go Mang IP: 10ha; Trading orientation: sea service, centralized seafood

processing (planned by the Fishery sector)

- Phu My town IP: 15ha; Trading orientation: fertilizer processing, vegetable oil

processing, cattle-feed processing, corrugated iron laminating, mechanics, timber

sawing …

Phu Cat district:

- Cat Nhon IP: 50ha; Trading orientation: cashew nut processing, timber sawing,

fine handicraft, mechanics, construction material manufacture, agricultural food

processing, exporting timber processing …

- Go Mit IP: 13.42ha; Trading orientation: fish sauce processing, agricultural

food processing, food processing, seafood processing …

An Nhon district:

50

- Nhon Phong IP: 11.5ha; Trading orientation: fish sauce processing, refined

brick processing, seafood processing, agricultural food processing, handicraft timber,

mechanics …

- Go Da Trang IP: 24ha; Trading orientation: mechanics, incense powder

processing, metal casting, plastic processing, bags, construction material …

- Binh Dinh town clean IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: garment, electronic

assemble …

- Binh Dinh center IP: 23ha; Trading orientation: garment, fine handicraft,

agricultural mechanics …

- Nhon Hoa IP: 11ha; Trading orientation: iron casting, copper casting, forestry

food processing, iron laminating, steel laminating …

Tay Son district:

- Tay Giang IPL 30ha; Trading orientation: construction mechanics, centrifugal

concrete (use the available source of sand in Con River), eucalyptus shavings

processing …

- Truong Dinh IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: construction material manufacture,

agro-forestry food processing, repairing mechanics …

- Phu An IP: 15.5ha; Trading orientation: welding, car body making,

agricultural mechanics, construction material manufacture, civil wood …

- Cau Nuoc Xanh IP: 35ha; Trading orientation: depot service and transport

service.

- Hoc Bom IP: 25ha; Trading orientation: brick and tile manufacture

Tuy Phuoc district:

- Phong Tan IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: agro-forestry-fishery product

processing, fine handicraft, construction material manufacture, repairing mechanics

…

- Phuoc An IP: 26.32ha; Trading orientation: agro-forestry-fishery product

processing, fine handicraft, construction material manufacture, mechanics, electricity

…

An Lao district:

51

- Go Bui IP: 12ha; Trading orientation: forestry product processing, woodwork

processing, fine handicraft, ashlar facing stone processing, agricultural product

processing (dry) …

- Cay Duoi IP: 10ha; Trading orientation: dry, chopstick manufacture, small

mechanics, wood sawing, woodwork processing, agro-product processing …

Van Canh district:

- Canh Vinh IP: 10ha; Trading orientation: high-graded building stone

processing, handicraft, construction material manufacture from the sand …

- Van Canh town IP: 12.62ha; Trading orientation: industrial product processing

using existing local materials such as wood, rattan, high-graded building stones …

Hoai An district:

- Doc Truong Soi IP: 10ha; Trading orientation: brick manufacture, wood

sawing, civil woodwork processing, husking, small repairing mechanics …

- Go Loi IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: tea processing, construction material

manufacture, agro-forestry-fishery processing …

Vinh Thanh district:

- Cau Ta Suc IP: 20ha; Trading orientation: agro-forestry product processing,

wood sawing, woodwork processing, ashlar facing stone processing, brick and tile

manufacture, chopstick manufacture …

III.1.4 The master plan of medical network

According to the socioeconomic development orientation of Binh Dinh province up to 2010,

the medical sector of Binh Dinh province will intensify the protection, cure and

improvement of the health of the people: Carry out well national medical programs, attach

special importance to prevention programs of social diseases and hazardous epidemics.

Improve the quality of medical examination and treatment services; conduct well the health

care policy of old people, ethnic people, and poor people; conduct well the population –

birth control, the protection and cure of mother and children health, especially pregnant

mothers and under-6 year old children; decrease the rate of malnourished under-5 year old

children to <20% by 2010. Improve the medical socialization; diversify the cure and

protection of people health. Develop categories of voluntary medical insurance, community

52

medical insurance and move towards medical insurance for all people. Plan the examination

and treatment network according to residential areas; upgrade the Provincial Policlinic to be

the hospital of 1st rank prior to 2010; set up Ophthalmology hospital, Obstetrics and

Pediatrics hospital; upgrade the area Policlinics, district/city hospitals. Strengthen and

finalize basic medical network, build 100% of the communes meeting national medical

standards. Continue to second doctors to communes, 100% of the commune medical stations

having doctors by 2008. Intensify to invest in material facilities, medical equipment. Attach

much importance to the training and consolidation of the medical staff in terms of quantity,

quality and mechanism. Upgrade the Medical High School into the Medical College.

Increase the responsibility and professional ethics of medical staff. Strengthen the state

management in term of private medical business. Combine closely oriental medicine with

western medicine, traditional medicine with modern medicine in the cure of people health

(Extracting from the Document of the Party Congress nr.17 of Binh Dinh province).

In order to specify the socioeconomic development orientation, Binh Dinh province sets up

the provincial socioeconomic development plan for 5 years (2005-2010) with the medical

system development plan as follows:

- Continue to strengthen and finalize the organization; develop the basic medical

system in both quality and quantity. There will be 100% of the commune/ward/town

medical stations having doctors by 2008.

- Decrease the rate of suffering and death caused by infectious diseases,

minimize the rate of suffering and death caused by malaria, petechial fever, sexually

transmitted diseases … Children in the regulated age are given vaccination fully. The

rate of malnourished under-5 year old children decreases to <20%. Prevent and avoid

efficiently social diseases, hazardous epidemics, 100% of HIV/AIDS patients are

given consultancy and cure.

- Complete the upgrading and rehabilitating of the Provincial Policlinic into the

hospital if 1st rank prior to 2010; set up Ophthalmology hospital, Obstetrics and

Pediatrics hospital. Continue to upgrade the area Policlinics, district/city hospitals.

Supplement equipment gradually in order to enhance the quality of medical

establishments from provincial level to commune, ward, and town level.

53

- Encourage to open private hospitals, examination clinics and family hospitals

according to the legal regulations. Set up high-tech medical diagnosis centers. Carry

out pilots activities to mobilize non-state budget to invest in equipment of some

public hospitals. Transfer the operation mechanism of most public hospitals into

service operation mechanism. Enlarge the medical establishments registering to

examine and treat the patients under medical insurance.

III.2 The Solid Waste Master Plan for the urban areas and the industrial zones in Binh

Dinh province up to 2020

III.2.1 Forecast of the arising SW amount, composition and property

III.2.1.1 The basement of forecastTable 3.1. The technical indicators of arising SW forecast

No Content Unit Target SourceI Domestic SW1 Target of arising SW Vietnamese building standard,

Apr 2008Special, I Kg/person/day 1.3II Kg/person/day 1.0III-IV Kg/person/day 0.9V Kg/person/day 0.8

2 Collection rate Vietnamese building standard,

Apr 2008Special, I % 100II % ≥95III-IV % ≥90V % ≥85

3 Rate of recyclable SW % 14-20 Based on the analysis of the real

domestic SW composition in

Binh Dinh province

4 Rate of organic SW % 50-60

II Industrial SW1 Target of arising SW

Newly-planned IZ, IP,

manufacture

establishment

Ton/ha/day and night 0.1-0.3 Based on some typical studies

in some IZs countrywide

Thermo-electric

factory

Ton/day 875 Based on the analysis of real

SW in some ongoing thermo-

electric factories countrywideLong My IZ, Phu Tai

IZ

Ton/ha/day and night 2.26 Based on the statistics of real

SW in Long My IZ and Phu Tai

IZ

54

2 SW growth rate %/year 6-6.5 The urban SW and IZ

management strategy of Viet

Nam up to 20203 Rate of hazardous

industrial SW

% (of the total amount of

arising industrial SW)

25-41 Based on some typical studies

in some IZs countrywide4 Rate of recyclable

industrial SW

% (of the total amount of

arising hazardous

industrial SW)

65

III Hospital SW1 Target of arising SW The urban SW and IZ


Nam up to 2020

Hospital Kg/bed/day 2.2Medical center Kg/bed/day 1.5

2 Rate of hazardous

health SW

% 15-20

3 Rate of SW growth % 2 Study of WB in Viet NamIV Construction SW % (of the total amount of

arising domestic SW)

8 The urban SW and IZ


Nam up to 2020

V Mud and sediment in

culverts

6

III.2.1.2 The forecast result

a. The forecast result of domestic SW

By 2020, the total amount of domestic SW arising in Binh Dinh province is expected as

1,176 tons/day, the collected SW amount is expected as1,154 tons/day (the collection rate is

calculated according to the planning target of each urban level). See the forecast result in the

table 3.2.

See the detailed forecast in the Annex 3

Table 3.2. The forecast of domestic SW arising in Binh Dinh province in 2020

Unit: ton/day

N

oUrban point

2015 2020Arising SW

amount

Collected

SW amount

Arising SW

amount

Collected

SW amount1 Quy Nhon city 508.0 508.0 676.0 676.02 Binh Dinh town (An

Nhon district)

81.5 78.4 100.0 100.0

55

3 Bong Son town

(Hoai Nhon district)

65.0 62.8 85.0 85.0

4 Phu Phong town

(Tay Son district)

31.0 30.1 50.0 50.0

5 Cat Tien town (Phu

Cat district)

29.0 28.4 50.0 50.0

6 An Nhon district 12.5 10.7 18.5 16.77 Hoai Nhon district 15.0 13.2 18.0 16.28 An Lao district 8.6 7.5 12.3 11.19 Hoai An district 15.9 13.7 19.0 17.110 Vinh Thanh district 7.0 6.1 8.7 7.811 Phu My district 28.3 24.7 37.4 33.712 Phu Cat district 27.6 24.3 38.1 34.213 Tuy Phuoc district 21.5 18.9 30.2 27.214 Tay Son district 13.8 11.7 19.5 17.615 Van Canh district 10.3 8.8 13.0 11.7

Total 874.8 847.2 1,176 1,154.1

b. The forecast result of industrial SW

By 2020, the total amount of industrial SW arising in Binh Dinh province is expected as

6,724 tons/day (including the industrial SW amount arising from the Thermo-electric center,

which is planned to build at Cat Khanh commune and Cat Thanh commune, Phu Cat district;

and the industrial SW amount arising from the Sai Gon – Binh Dinh Pulp factory, which is

planned to build at My Chau commune, Phu My district with the scale of 300ha). The

industrial SW composition is expected as follows:

- The recyclable SW is estimated as 2,616

tons/day.

Hazardous SW , 28% Recyclable

SW , 58%

Non-hazardous SW , 14%

Figure 3.1. The forecast of industrial SW composition

- The hazardous industrial SW is estimated

as 776 tons/day.- The non-hazardous industrial SW is

estimated as 3,333 tons/day.See the forecast result in the Table 3.3 (See

the detailed forecast in Annex 3)

56

Table 3.3. The forecast of industrial SW arising in Binh Dinh by 2015, 2020

Unit: ton/day

District/city/IZ

2015 2020

ArisingRecycling,

reusing

SW required to treatArising

Recycling,

reusing

SW required to treat

HazardousNon-

hazardousHazardous

Non-

hazardousNhon Hoi IZ 225.7 126.4 67.7 31.6 324.0 181.4 97.2 45.4Quy Nhon

city

881.9 495.0 263.1 123.8 1,266.1 710.7 377.7 177.7

An Nhon

district

54.0 31.0 15.3 7.7 77.6 44.5 22.0 11.1

Tuy Phuoc

district

9.8 5.9 2.4 1.5 14.0 8.4 3.5 2.1

Phu Cat

district

118.6 66.9 35.0 16.7 4,545.3 1,382.3 137.7 3,025.3

Tay Son

district

253.1 143.4 73.8 35.8 363.3 205.9 106.0 51.5

Van Canh

district

3.2 2.1 0.5 0.5 4.5 3.1 0.7 0.8

Hoai Nhon

district

30.4 18.3 7.5 4.6 43.6 26.2 10.8 6.6

Hoai An

district

4.2 2.8 0.6 0.7 6.0 4.1 0.9 1.0

Phu My

district

50.0 30.2 12.6 7.2 71.7 43.4 18.0 10.3

An Lao

district

3.1 2.1 0.5 0.5 4.4 3.0 0.7 0.7

Vinh Thanh

district

2.8 1.9 0.4 0.5 4.0 2.7 0.6 0.7

Total 1,637 926 479 231 6724 2,616 776 3,333

- Note: The industrial SW amount of Phu Cat district is inclusive of the amount arising

from the Thermo-electric center, which is planned to build at Cat Khanh commune

and Cat Thanh commune, Phu Cat district.

- The industrial SW amount of Phu My district is inclusive of the amount arising from

the Sai Gon – Binh Dinh Pulp factory 300ha, which is planned to build at My Chau

commune, Phu My district.

c. The forecast result of health SW

57

By 2020, health SW arising in Binh Dinh province is expected as 8.5 tons/day, in which:

- Domestic SW: 7.2 tons/day

- Health SW: 1.3 tons/day

See the forecast result in the Table 3.4 (See details in Annex 3)Table 3.4. The forecast of hospital SW arising in Binh Dinh province by 2020

Unit: ton/day

No District/city2015 2020

TotalHazardous

health SW

Domestic

SWTotal

Hazardous

health SW

Domestic

SW1 Quy Nhon 5.6407 0.8461 4.7946 6.228 0.934 5.2942 An Nhon 0.2165 0.0325 0.1840 0.239 0.036 0.2033 Tuy Phuoc 0.1499 0.0225 0.1274 0.165 0.025 0.1414 Phu Cat 0.1832 0.0275 0.1557 0.202 0.030 0.1725 Tay Son 0.4382 0.0657 0.3725 0.484 0.073 0.4116 Van Canh 0.0666 0.0100 0.0566 0.074 0.011 0.0637 Hoai Nhon 0.6074 0.0911 0.5163 0.671 0.101 0.5708 Hoai An 0.0833 0.0125 0.0708 0.092 0.014 0.0789 Phu My 0.1665 0.0250 0.1415 0.184 0.028 0.15610 An Lao 0.0666 0.0100 0.0566 0.074 0.011 0.06311 Vinh Thanh 0.0666 0.0100 0.0566 0.074 0.011 0.063Total 7.7 1.2 6.5 8.5 1.3 7.2

III.2.1.3 The forecast of total arising SW amount

The total SW arising in the whole province by 2015 is expected as 2,642 tons/day, by 2020

as 8,073 tons/day. See the forecast result in the Table 3.5.

58

Table 3.5. The forecast of SW amount arising in districts/city by 2015, 2020

Unit: ton/day

No District/city

2015 2020

Domestic

SW

Construction

SW

Industrial

SW

Health

SW

Sediment

of

culverts

TotalDomestic

SW

Construction

SW

Industrial

SW

Health

SW

Sediment

of

culverts

Total

1 Quy Nhon 508 40.6 1,107.6 5.64 30.48 1,692 676 54.1 1590.1 6.23 40.56 2,3672 An Nhon 93.95 7.5 54.0 0.22 5.64 161 118.5 9.5 77.6 0.24 7.11 2133 Tuy

Phuoc

21.5 1.7 9.8 0.15 1.29 34 30.2 2.4 14.0 0.17 1.81 49

4 Phu Cat 56.625 4.5 118.6 0.18 3.40 183 88.05 7.0 4545.3 0.20 5.28 4,6465 Tay Son 44.75 3.6 253.1 0.44 2.69 305 69.5 5.6 363.3 0.48 4.17 4436 Van Canh 10.3 0.8 3.2 0.07 0.62 15 13 1.0 4.5 0.07 0.78 197 Hoai

Nhon

80 6.4 30.4 0.61 4.80 122 103 8.2 43.6 0.67 6.18 162

8 Hoai An 15.875 1.3 4.2 0.08 0.95 22 18.95 1.5 6.0 0.09 1.14 289 Phu My 28.3 2.3 50.0 0.17 1.70 82 37.4 3.0 71.7 0.18 2.24 11510 An Lao 8.55 0.7 3.1 0.07 0.51 13 12.3 1.0 4.4 0.07 0.74 1811 Vinh

Thanh

6.95 0.6 2.8 0.07 0.42 11 8.7 0.7 4.0 0.07 0.52 14

Total 875 70 1,637 7.7 52 2,642 1,176 94 6,724 8.5 71 8,073

59

III.2.2 The separation, collection and transport system plan

III.2.2.1 Domestic SW

• Separation at the source:

It aims to reduce the buried SW amount, to last the life-span of the treatment plants, increase

the rate of recycling and composting.

Based on the SW property and treatment technology, domestic SW is required to be

separated at the source into 3 categories. See the urban domestic SW separation model in the

Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2. The domestic SW separation model in urban areas

Separation and storage at the source

Domestic SW source

Disintegrated Organic SW

Others Recyclable SW

Intermediate station


Separation point at the treatment plant

Others Recyclable SW

Hygienic landfill

Recycling establishment

Organic fertilizer factory

Organic fertilizer

Waste

60

The detailed separation method is as follows:

- Organic waste: vegetables, fruits, foods ..., stored in green plastic bags >10 litters

(from 3.5-4kg), transported to organic fertilizer factories.

- Recyclable waste: paper, plastic, metal, glass …, stored in dark plastic bags,

transported to recycling establishments after the separation at intermediate stations.

- Others: unable to recycle or reuse such as rubber, coal residues, stones, soil, broken

porcelain. Mobilize people to use waste plastic bags or other available storage to store

this kind of waste.

• The SW collection process:

- In big urban points like Quy Nhon cities, 4 provincial towns and district towns

The collection process is both manual and mechanical. The organic SW is collected from

18:00h to 22:00h everyday in order to keep the environment clean. Other waste is also

collected at that time but every two days in order to reduce transport costs. In order to collect

absolutely all domestic SW arising in all urban areas, even residential points that the

handcarts can not access (small alley, high slope and narrow street surface), the specific

collection methods are proposed in Figure 3.3.

- In rural residential points

The SW is collected by collection teams of communes (or hamlets) everyday or every two

days, and then transferred to intermediate stations of each communes. Then SW will be

transported to the district landfill by specialized trucks. The transport of SW from

intermediate stations to district landfill is conducted by a private enterprise (after a tender) or

the district agency in charge of environmental service. The collection and transport method

is proposed in the Figure 3.4.

In order to keep the environment clean, a SW intermediate station for rural residential zone

is required to meet the following criteria:

- The distance from the intermediate station to the SW source is not more than 2km.

- The distance from the intermediate station to residential zone is ≥ 200m, depending

on the scale and capacity of the intermediate station.

61

- The intermediate station needs a buffer zone around it. In the buffer zone, we can

locate traffic roads, sewerage system, plant trees in order to improve the scenery and

reduce the smell dispersion.

- The capacity of the intermediate station is not more than the volume of SW arising in

3 days.

- The intermediate station needs a cover in order to avoid the fact that light SW is

blown away.

- The operation of the intermediate station must be monitored and supervised closely.

Any scatted waste must be cleaned immediately, not more than 1-2 hours.

- The large-scaled intermediate stations require waste water treatment plant in order to

treat waste water arising in the intermediate station.

- In order to reduce the dust concentration in the SW partition of the intermediate

station, we spray water into the space above the waste receiving funnel.

62

Figure 3.3. The model of domestic SW separation, collection and transport for every quarter of urban zone

Residential zones that can be accessed by handcarts (in the

street front, big alley, high slope but wide street surface)

Offices, schools

Trading centers

Residential zones that can not be accessed by handcarts (small alley, high slope but

narrow street surface)

Streets

SW after separation

SW after separation

Street waste

collected by workers

HandcartsHandcarts

Collectors (hired and paid by people)

Handcarts placed at the street ends or

intermediate stations

Specialized agency for collection and transport

Concentrated separation point

Organic SW Inert substances Recyclable and reusable SW

Organic fertilizer factories

Hygienic landfills Recycling establishments

63

Figure 3.4. The model of domestic SW collection at rural residential zones

• The means and agency collecting and transporting SW:

- Collection means:

+ At urban areas: use handcarts to collect SW at residential areas, offices, schools …,

use specialized trucks to transport SW from intermediate stations to landfills.

+ At rural areas: use semi-mechanic means like handcarts, improved carts … to

collect SW at households and transfer it to intermediate stations, use trucks or

specialized trucks to transport SW from intermediate stations to landfills.

- Collection agency: according to the modality of socialization or tender

Each district needs a specialized agency for SW collection, transport and treatment.

+ Set up 2 agencies for SW collection and transport of Vinh Thanh district and An

Lao district.

+ Other districts that have had existing agencies for SW collection and transport

continue to strengthen and improve their capacity.

+ Besides the task of collection and transport of domestic SW for Quy Nhon city,

harbour area and health SW, Quy Nhon URENCO should continue to improve their

SW arising source

Commune Inter-communes


District landfill

Collection network of commune

Collection network of

inter-communes

64

capacity in order to extend their service scale, serve for industrial SW collection for

the whole province and domestic SW collection for other urban areas.

III.2.2.2 Industrial SW

a. SW separation

Separation SW at the source creates both many economic benefits in recycling, reusing,

collection, transport and treatment and environmental benefits. Every treatment technology

requires the separation before treatment. Therefore, a mechanism to encourage and force

manufacture establishments attending in the separation at the source is needed.

Based on the forecast of industrial SW composition of Binh Dinh province, the industrial

SW in the province can be categorized as follows:

- Reusable SW:

+ The SW at the final step of the manufacture cycle that can be reused to be the input

material of the first step like apatite powder, waste products …

+ The SW that can be used immediately for other purposes like clout with/without

chemicals, plastic/metal pails with/without chemicals, coal residues, pyrites residues

…

- Recyclable SW: The SW that can be recycled to be necessary materials for other

manufacture process like metal, glass, paper, nylon, plastic …

- Compostable SW: The nutritious waste that can be used to produce organic fertilizer

like the refuses of the agricultural food/seafood processing, beer malt, diatomite

powder, sugar cane dregs, domestic SW …

- SW for the landfill: The SW that can not be used for other purposes but disposal.

- Hazardous SW: The SW that is managed by a special mechanism and collected

separately according to the Government regulations. The list of hazardous SW is

issued in the Decision nr.23/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 26 Dec 2006 of the Minister of

Natural Resources and Environment.

See the forecast of industrial SW composition of every industry sector in Annex 3.

• The methods of SW separation:

Combine two separation methods in order to utilise absolutely the recyclable and reused SW.

65

- SW separation at the source: separate SW at every workshop of the manufacture

establishment.

- SW separation at the centralized separation point: aim to gather up a large amount of

SW from the same industrial sector, use a separation machine system (aeration,

screen, magnetism, crane …) to increase the collection efficiency, save time and

labour.

See the chart of industrial SW separation at the source in the Figure 3.5.

66

Figure 3.5. The chart of industrial SW separation at the source

SW from industrial establishments

Separation at the source(Primary separation)

Domestic SW and office SW Industrial SW

Reusable compositions

Recyclable, regenerated

compositions

Disintegrated organic

compositions

Hazardous compositions

Other compositions

Papers and cartons

Plastic, glass, rubber, metal

Collection, transport

Separation at the centralized point(Secondary separation)

Treatment

Reusing Recycling Regenerating Composting BuryingSpecial treatment

67

- Separation at the workshop (primary separation):

Separation at the workshop is manual method. If it is well done, it will bring high economic

efficiency for the manufacture establishment because they can reuse SW, sell recyclable SW

to recycling agencies and reduce the cost for SW treatment.

The separation at the workshop is done by the workers at the final step of the production

cycle creating SW.

In order to separate SW at the source efficiently, we should follow a strict process as

follows:

+ Workers must put all waste in regulated storage bins, which have pictures or

indicators on it.

+ Before the SW is transferred to the common storage area of the factory, the person

in charge of the shift must check the separation if SW is put in right bins or not.

+ After separated at every workshop, SW is transported to the common storage area

of the factory. The hazardous SW must be stored and kept carefully during the transport. The

SW storage bins must be transported by specialized vehicles (4-wheel handcarts) to avoid

scattering and spilling out.

- Separation at the centralized point of the IZ (secondary separation):

After separated at the manufacture establishments, the SW is transported to centralized

points for centralized separation. In order to separate SW efficiently and save time and

labour, we should use separation machines (aeration, screen, magnetism, crane …). The SW

of the same industrial sector is separated at the same separation system.

In order to localize the service scale of centralized separation points as well as to locate the

centralized separation points for investment, we based on the following:

- The forecast of SW composition and amount in IZs/IPs of Binh Dinh province;

- Geographic features and arrangement of IZs/IPs in Binh Dinh province;

- The improvement of the SW exchange among IZs/IPs; the recycling and reusing

capacity;

- The labour resource conducting the separation and the investment possibility of SW

separation technological and technical equipment;

68

Based on the geographic and topological features of Binh Dinh province, in order to

minimize pollution dispersion and transport time, the centralized separation points are

expected to locate at the places that are expected to build treatment plants. Particularly,

Nhon Hoi economic zone (large scale) will have its own centralized separation point for the

IZs located in the economic zone.

From the above basement, the localization of service scale is defined in Figure 3.7.

• The equipments of SW separation:

The selection of separation equipment depends on separation method, SW category, SW

amount. The equipment of SW separation at the source includes:

- SW storage bags: They can be made of paper or plastic depending on the stored

waste. They have metal supporting frames in order to support the bags when SW is

put in. Bags for different SW must have different colours and signals. Each bag only

stores one or some industrial SW. These bags are usually used in workshops, to store

clouts, waste paper, waste textile …

- SW storage bins: They can be made of metal or plastic. The bins storing hazardous

SW or SW which is easy to be scattered must have covering lids and hook system in

order to facilitate the collection by machines. They can be mono-partition or multi-

partitions, fixed or mobile. The mobile bins should have wheels in order to move

easily: 2 small fixed wheels for small bins, 4 mobile wheels for big bins. The bins are

painted and signed according to the regulations for each category of industrial SW.

Each bin only stores one or some similar categories of SW. The capacity and shape

vary depending on SW property and amount. They are usually used in workshops, to

store shavings, metal cinder, glass, waste wood, residues of manufacture process, and

dregs of equipments.

Normally, each factory/establishment has a warehouse or reservoir to store and separate SW

at the source. At these places, an alarm of dangerous should be made in order to avoid

damages caused by hazardous SW. The reservoir are usually used to store mud, coal

residues, metal cinder, sand, soil, stone, stone powder …

The warehouses or containers are used to store all SW or SW with big amount/volume like

apatite powder, plastic/metal bins with or without chemicals …

69

b. Collection and transport

• The method of industrial SW collection and treatment:

- For IZs/IPs: the collection and transport follow the SW management regulations of

IZs/IPs

- For manufacture establishments not belonging to IZs/IPS: self-manage the collection

and transport through contracting with an agency having collection and transport

permit.

The collection and transport happen from 2 sources:

- Collect SW that has been separated at manufacture establishments:

+ Organic SW is transported to composting factory.

+ Recyclable or reused SW is transported to recycling factory.

+ Hazardous SW is transported to incinerators.

+ The others are transported to centralized separation points. At this place, SW is

separated at the next step: secondary separation.

- Collect and transport SW at the centralized separation points: After separated at the

centralized points, SW is transported to respective treatment plants:

+ Recyclable or reused SW is transported to recycling factory.

+ Hazardous SW is transported to incinerators.

+ Inert substances are transported to landfills.

The plan of industrial SW collection and transport in Binh Dinh province is shown in Figure

3.6.

70

Figure 3.6. The plan of SW collection and transport at IZs/IPs

SW from industrial manufacture establishments

Workers separate, collect, transport and store at the

source

Recyclable SW

Reusable SW

Disintegrated organic SW

Hazardous SW

Other SW


Centralized separation

point


Recyclable SW

Disintegrated organic SW

Hazardous SW

Other SW


Composting factory

Hazardous SW treatment plant

Hygienic landfill

Self-collect

Input material

Procurement, collection and

transport agency

Recycling agency

71

• The equipment of industrial SW collection and treatment:

In order to collect and transport SW following the above cycle, it requires a fully equipment

system from the steps of collection, separation, storage to the steps of transport and

treatment. These equipments include:

- Storage equipment: Use bags, bins, reservoirs, warehouse, depots … to store

industrial SW at the source.

- Collection equipment: Use handcarts, trucks, dumper-trucks … for the primary

collection process from manufacture establishments to intermediate stations.

- Centralized separation equipment: Use the system of centralized separation

machines. Each intermediate station should equip one separation system in order to

separate SW absolutely.

- SW pressing equipment: Use press or compressor … at intermediate station in order

to reduce SW size before transporting them to centralized treatment plant.

- Transport equipment: Use specialized vehicles like pressing and rolling trucks,

pressing and lifting trucks, non-dome trucks, container trucks, … for SW collection

and transport with big capacity, including primary and secondary collection.

The SW categories that are treated by the same method are collected and transported with

the same suitable equipment, depending on the SW amount and property. The collection and

transport equipments are shown in the Table 3.6.Table 3.6. Collection and transport equipment

SW property EquipmentTechnological features Capacity

Non-hazardous, high density,

high moisture, direct burying

Truck with close body or container truck 10-15m3

Non-hazardous, low density,

direct burying

Normal vehicles for SW transport like pressing and

rolling trucks, pressing and lifting trucks, or trucks

without dome

6m3

Hazardous SW requiring to be

stable and clotted before

burying

Bodied-truck with suction system or container truck 10-15m3

Hazardous SW requiring to be

burned

Pressing truck or non-dome truck 6m3

Hazardous SW buried directly Truck with close body 10-15m3

72

• The plan of industrial SW collection and transport system for Binh Dinh

province:

With the above-proposed SW separation method, the collection and transport of industrial

SW for Binh Dinh province is also conducted in IZs/IPs. Each IZ should have an

intermediate station.

In order to reduce construction cost and facilitate the separation, collection, transport and

exchange of SW, the intermediate stations will be located in some SW treatment plants. The

functions of each treatment plant cum intermediate station will include:

- Separate industrial SW in order to recover as much as possible the recyclable and

reusable SW and then transfer them to the centralized recycling point of the whole

province;

- Exchange SW among industrial sectors in order to utilise as much as possible the

reusable SW (This modality has been implemented successfully in Bien Hoa II IZ of

Dong Nai province);

- Bury non-hazardous industrial SW.

After separated at intermediate stations, recyclable SW and hazardous SW will be

transported to the general treatment plant at Cat Nhon commune, Phu Cat district.

The proposed plan of industrial SW collection and transport system is shown in Figure 3.7.

73

Figur

e 3.7. The plan of industrial SW collection and transport system for Binh Dinh province

SW source Treatment plant / Intermediate station

Hoa Hoi IZ, Cat Trinh IZ, IPs of Phu Cat district, adjacent areas of Cat Nhon treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

Nhon Hoi EZ

Phu Tai IZ, Long My IZ, IPs of Quy Nhon city and Tuy Phuoc district, adjacent areas of Long My treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

Bong Son IZ, IPs of Hoai Nhon district, adjacent areas of Hoai Duc treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

Binh Nghi IZ, IPs of Tay Son district, adjacent areas of Tay Xuan treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IZ/IPs of Van Canh district, adjacent areas of Hiep Hoa treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IPs of Phu My district, adjacent areas of My Phong treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IPs of An Nhon district, adjacent areas of Nhon Tho treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IPs of Hoai An district, adjacent areas of An Thanh treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IPs of An Lao district, adjacent areas of An Trung treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

IPs of Vinh Thanh district, adjacent areas of Vinh Quang treatment plant within the radius of 20-25km

Centralized separation station in Nhon Hoi EZ

Long My treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

Hoai Duc treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

Tay Xuan treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

Hiep Hoa treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

My Phong treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

Nhon Tho treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

An Thanh treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

An Trung treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

Vinh Quang treatment plant- Centralized separation- SW exchange- Non-hazardous ISW burying

General treatment plant at Cat Nhon commune, Phu Cat

district- Centralized separation- Hazardous SW burning and burying- Non-hazardous ISW burying- SW exchange- SW recycling

Hazardous SW

Recyclable SW

Hazardous SW

Recyclable SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Hazardous SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

Recyclable SW

74

III.2.2.3 Health SW

a. SW separation

- Hospital SW should be separated immediately at the source.

- Hospital SW compositions include:

+ Normal SW

+ Infectious SW

+ Hazardous chemical SW

+ Radioactive SW

+ Pressure cylinder

- According to the Health SW management regulation (enclosing to the Decision

nr.43/2007/QD-BYT), hospital SW is divided into 4 categories:

1. Infectious SW

2. Hazardous chemical SW and radioactive SW

3. Normal SW and small pressure cylinders

4. Recyclable SW

- Regulating colour for each category:

1. Yellow for infectious SW

2. Black for hazardous chemical SW and radioactive SW

3. Green for normal SW and small pressure cylinders

4. White for recyclable SW

b. SW collection, transport and storage

• Methods of storage, collection and transport

- Regulation on waste bin location:

+ Each division must fix the location of waste bins for every category of SW. Each

place arising SW must have respective waste bin.

+ At the place of waste bins, the instructions of separation and collection must be

shown.

+ Use waste bins as regulated and clean them everyday.

75

+ Clean bags for waste collection must be available all the time at the places arising

waste in order to replace full bags. Full bags will be transferred to the temporary

storage place of the medical establishment.

- Requirements of SW collection:

+ Each category of SW is collected and put into collection equipments according to

the regulated colour, and it must be labelled or written on the bags.

+ Hazardous SW must not mix with normal SW. If it is mixed together due to the

carelessness, that mixture must be treated as hazardous SW.

+ Bags must store only ¾ of its capacity, and then they are bound.

- Collection frequency: Hospital orderly or staff in charge of SW collection must

collect hazardous SW and normal SW from the places arising SW to the temporary

storage place of the division at least once per day and when necessary.

- Infectious SW must be primarily treated at the places arising SW before collected to

the temporary storage place.

• The health SW collection process:

After separated, hospital SW is collected and transferred to the temporary storage place of

the medical establishment. The detailed process is as follows:

- Hospital domestic SW is collected and transported to landfill to be buried together

with urban domestic SW.

- Health SW is collected and transported to incinerators by URENCO.

- The medical establishments at provincial level, policlinics and specialized hospitals,

which have a large number of hospital beds and create a large amount of domestic

SW and health SW, require a high collection frequency. The collection and transport

must be done everyday.

- For the small establishments, which create a small amount of health SW (i.e. Van

Canh, Vinh Thanh), the collection frequency can be lower, but the storage time must

not more than 48 hours. Because the storage time here is longer, the SW must be

primarily treated like disinfection, packing in yellow bags as regulated to avoid

infection before they are transported to the incinerators. Sharp things must be put in

boxes that are made of hard material, non-leakage, and burnable. The sizes of these

76

boxes vary depending on the sizes of sharp things. Normally, district hospitals use

2.5l boxes, provincial hospitals use 6-12l boxes.

Each district is planned to build one incinerator. Therefore, they must be equipped with

storage and transport means meeting the standards of MoH.

At the incinerator, in the normal operation condition (continuous incineration), the infectious

SW is stored outside and at least 24 hours. If the incinerator is broken down, SW must be

stored in some days, causing pollution for the adjacent areas. Therefore, a small freezing

chamber must be built next to the incinerator to reduce the infection to adjacent areas. After

the incineration, ashes will be compressed and transported to the landfill to be burned

together with domestic SW.

III.2.3 The treatment system plan

III.2.3.1 The basement of location and scale of SW treatment centers

The location of SW treatment plants must base on the following criteria:

• Conform to the construction plan and socioeconomic development plan of the

province

• The available land must be enough for the need of SW treatment

The area of the treatment plant includes the area of hygienic landfill, the area of hazardous

landfill, the area of composting factory and the area of hazardous incinerator (if any) …

The scale of the landfill and the capacity of the composting factory must be calculated based

on the rate of SW treated by different methods.

• Ensure safe isolation distance and hygienic conditions according to the

following documents:

- Vietnamese building standards on building plan, 4/2008

- Circular nr.01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT-BXD dated 18 Jan 2001 instructing on the

regulations of environment protection towards the location selection, construction and

operation of landfills

- TCXDVN:261-2001: Landfill – Design standards

- TCXDVN: 320-2004: Hazardous landfill – Design standards

- SW management strategy in urban areas and industrial zones of Viet Nam up to 2020

77

III.2.3.2 The orientation of SW treatment technology

Apply up-to-date treatment technologies, applicable to the conditions of Vietnam and

minimize the SW amount buried.

- Increase the recycling and reusing of SW; especially for industrial SW, increase the

SW exchange among IZs.

- For organic SW, apply the composting method to serve the agricultural sector through

the up-to-date and comprehensive technological lines.

- For hazardous industrial SW and health SW, apply the incineration method by

modern incinerators.

- Only bury inert substances that can not be recycled and reused, and the ashes of the

incineration of hazardous SW.

• Recycling, reusing

Recycling: Recycled waste needs some important treatment methods regard to chemicals,

physics, and biology (e.g., waste paper is recycled through ink erasing, regrind, reprocess)

Reusing: Reuse directly the SW for its initial purpose or for new purposes without any big

improvement of the waste before reuse it (waste paper is reused for packing, bags…)

Recycling and reusing SW is one of the best strategy to manage SW based on the ecology

and circulation principles of material and power through recycling technologies and

techniques. For the urban and industrial SW, the recycling and reusing can be done at many

forms from scattering to concentrating. On scattering scale, SW is recycled and reused at the

establishment creating SW. On concentrating scale, SW is recycled and reused at SW

exchange centers. These centers not only provide the information on the exchanged SW

among manufacture establishments but also receive, treat primarily or recycle SW before

supply it to the establishments in need. These centers are SW recycling and reusing

complexes.

Currently, in Vietnam, the recycling and reusing of SW are popular for both domestic SW

and industrial SW. The rate of recycled waste is high, about 14-20% of the total domestic

SW, and 58% of the total industrial SW. However, the recycling and reusing are only

applied for valuable waste, and they happen non-systematically. Sometimes, they create

extra substances with have higher pollution rate than the recycling waste. The model of

78

ecological IZ and the SW exchange among the enterprises in the IZ have been conducted in

Bien Hoa I IZ. However, this model has not been popularized yet.

In order to recycle and reuse SW, the separation at the source is the most efficient and

suitable solution to manage SW for recycling, minimize the buried SW amount and avoid

environmental pollution at the source. The separation at the source is done with the

collection equipments at the source and under the close coordination among community,

enterprises and SW collecting agency.

In Binh Dinh province, the separation is planned to be done step by step. At the first step,

which the separation at the source has not been done widely, the SW will be separated at

centralized separation points. At the next steps, after the success of pilot activities, the

separation at the source will be popularized. With that strategy, the recycling and reusing of

SW will create positive effects on economy and environment.

• Incineration

Incineration is the oxidation process at high temperature. According to technical documents,

the incinerators must be designed according to 4 basic requirements: supply the pyrolysis

process with enough oxygen through supplying the incineration chamber with a surplus air

amount; the surplus created during the incineration must be kept in the incinerator long

enough to burn absolutely (usually at least 4 seconds); the temperature must be high enough

(usually higher than 1,000oC); and good mixture of airs. The after-incineration products are

calorie, ash, slag and waste air. The incineration technology has many good points, such as

heat utilization, SW volume reduce (reduce to 10% of the original), SW weight reduce

(reduce to ≤ 25% of the original), land reduce. However, it has some shortcomings, such as

big cost of investment, operation and treatment, creation of dangerous extra products.

In Vietnam, the incineration technology has been used for health SW and hazardous

industrial SW treatment: incinerator CEETIA-CN150 at Nam Son landfill (Ha Noi),

incinerator for hazardous industrial SW at Le Minh Xuan IZ, Linh Trung I, II, III IZs

(HCMC) … This technology requires big costs of investment and operation. Moreover, the

organic composition in Vietnam is high. Therefore, the application of incineration

technology in urban domestic SW treatment is expected to face many financial challenges.

79

This technology is very applicable for the treatment of organic industrial SW and hazardous

SW, like rubber, plastic, paper, leather, oil dregs, solvent, plant protection chemicals,

especially health SW, in the specialized incinerators or industrial incinerators like cement

kiln. In the future, using specialized incinerators and industrial incinerators for hazardous

industrial SW and health SW will be a feasible and practical solution meeting the treatment

needs of Vietnam in general and of Binh Dinh in particular.

• Waste to Energy (WTE)

This is a technology to create energy from SW through pyrolysis process. It has been a new

technology since 1980s and created many discussions among the environmental scientists. In

2005, Germany issued some regulations on WTE in their Environmental Law, in which the

materials which heating coefficient is more than 6000kJ/mol are not allowed to be buried.

The applicable materials have high heating coefficient like timber, paper, plastic, rubber …

extracted from domestic SW and industrial SW. WTE aims to reduce the buried SW amount;

reuse carbon amount in SW, reduce natural carbon content in SW, then reduce the waste air

content of the landfill; replace fossil power. WTE products can be used in the factories using

thermal energy such as electric factory, cement factory and bitumen factory. The good points

of WTE are reducing the buried SW amount and replacing fossil energy. However, it

requires high standards on waste composition and property.

This technology has not been applied in Vietnam. In the future, the application of this

technology in Vietnam is expected many challenges because it requires high standards on

waste composition and property.

• Composting

Composting is the aerobiological disintegration process of the organic SW, it changes SW

into humus and nutrient for crops.

Its good points are reducing environmental pollution and creating compost, which is good

for land and crops and affordable to the farmers. However, it requires a larger area than

incineration; it is only able to treat disintegrated organic SW and absolutely separated SW. A

composting factory includes SW separation system, grinding, mixing and screen system,

piling and composting system.

80

In Vietnam, some composting technologies have been applying in some areas: Spanish

technology in Cau Dien – Ha Noi, capacity 50,000 tons SW/year; Vietnamese-Chinese

technology in Viet Tri, capacity 30,000 tons SW/year; French-Spanish technology in Nam

Dinh, capacity 39,000 tons SW/year (designed capacity 78,000 tons SW/year); Vietnamese

technologies (ASC) in Thuy Phuong – Hue and Ninh Thuan, capacity 24,000 tons SW/year;

Vietnamese technology (Seraphin) in Dong Vinh, capacity 24,000 tons SW/year; Danish

technology in Hoc Mon – HCMC, capacity 87,000 tons SW/year; Vietnamese technology

(VCC – Construction Ministry) in Vung Tau, capacity 15,000 tons SW/year. In which, some

factories have stopped operation: Hoc Mon – HCMC and Vung Tau. In general, the

composting is facing some difficulties because the SW has not been separated at the source

and the consumer market for the compost has not defined. In order to improve the compost

quality and extend the network of composting factories, we need to strengthen the SW

separation and set up market for the products.

For Vietnam in general and for Binh Dinh province in particular, domestic SW has a big

content of organic composition (45-60%), suitable for composting. If it is popularized

widely, it will become a useful solution to reduce the buried SW amount. In addition, Binh

Dinh province, with large forestry and agriculture area, is a potential consumer market to the

compost products…

• Hygienic landfill

Hygienic landfill is the most popular solution because it is simple and cheap in terms of

investment, operation and maintenance costs. This method is applied in most countries over

the world.

The orientation of up-to-date treatment technology will intensify SW recycling and reusing,

and minimize burying. The landfill technology is planned to be applied in Binh Dinh

province in order to bury inert substances of urban SW that can not be recycled, reused or

composted. Hygienic landfill must be built according to the standard TCVN 6696-2000 –

Hygienic landfill – Requirement on environmental protection.

The landfill technology is also used for hazardous SW even some nuclear waste, infectious

waste, but they must be chemically and physically treated and isolated by suitable materials

before they are buried. According to this technology, industrial SW and hazardous SW in

81

solid state or in tablet state will be buried in filling cells, which are built according to the

standards of hazardous landfills.

III.2.3.3 The plan of SW treatment network, the location of the service scale

Together with the socioeconomic development, the amount of urban domestic SW, industrial

SW and health SW is increasing. The investment in general treatment plants, especially the

general treatment plants for a wide region including hygienic landfill, composting factory,

recycling factory, incinerator … will reduce the land used for landfills, increase the life-span

for treatment plants, increase the land for urban investment, and reduce environmental

pollution.

• For the domestic SW, non-hazardous industrial SW and hospital domestic SW:

- Each district, city, town has a hygienic treatment plant conforming to the standards.

The service scale is not limited in administrative area, the service radius of the

treatment plant is about 20-25km.

- The total number of treatment plants that are planned to be built in the whole

province is 1 SW treatment complex and 14 SW treatment plants.

The treatment network is shown in the table 3.7 and the map of treatment network plan.

The scale of land used will be defined much more than the real demand in order to extend

the life-span of the treatment plants over 2020, vision over 2030, avoid moving to a new

location.

• For the hazardous industrial SW:

In order to gather up all hazardous industrial SW for efficient treatment, minimize the

dispersion of hazardous SW to environment, and minimize the land used for landfills, the

selected technology is incineration.

Based on the consideration of economic issues and treatment efficiency:

- The investment cost of hazardous SW incinerator is very high (20,000 – 25,000

USD/ton SW);

- The waste air from the incinerator is an implicit cause of environmental pollution if

the waste air treatment system does not conform to regulated standards;

- The amount of hazardous industrial SW only makes up a small part of the total SW

amount. If we invest in too many systems, they will not be used up their capacity.

82

We propose that all hazardous industrial SW of the province will be transported to the

hazardous SW incinerator of the general treatment plant at Cat Nhon commune, Phu Cat

district.

• For health SW:

Invest 11 hazardous health SW incinerators located in the treatment plants for district

medical establishments, and 4 incinerators in big hospitals, see details below:

- Invest 4 hazardous health SW incinerators in 4 big hospitals: Provincial Policlinic,

Tuberculosis and Lung Hospital, Bong Son Policlinic and Phu Phong Policlinic.

- Invest 1 health SW incinerator located in the treatment plant for each district. The

existing capacity (30kg/time) of some incinerators should be increased in order to

meet the demand arising in the future.

The health SW incinerator plan is shown in the Table 3.8 and the map of incinerator network

plan.

83

Table 3.7. The plan of domestic SW and industrial SW treatment network up to 2020

No District/cityTreatment plant

(TP)

Plan

scale (ha)Treatment technology Service scale Note

1 Phu Cat Cat Nhon TP 70 - Bury domestic SW

- Bury non-hazardous

industrial SW

- Burn and bury

hazardous SW

- Recycle inorganic SW

- Treat health SW (burn)

- Treat domestic SW and non-hazardous

industrial SW for Phu cat district, Hoa Hoi

IZ, Cat Trinh IZ and residential area, IPs of

Phu Cat district, Nhon Hoi EZ, adjacent

areas of Cat Nhon TP within the radius of

20km.

- Burn and bury hazardous industrial SW for

the whole province.

- Recycle inorganic SW for the whole

province.

Build a new

plant

2 Phu Cat Phu Cat 2 TP

(northern of Ba

Mountain)

10 - Bury domestic SW - The northern and northeast of Phu Cat

district

Build a new

plant

3 Quy Nhon and

Tuy Phuoc

Long My TP 30 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW

- Compost


- Bury domestic SW and non-hazardous

industrial SW for Tuy Phuoc district, Quy

Nhon city and adjacent areas of Long My

TP within the radius of 20km.

- Produce organic fertilizer from organic SW

for Quy Nhon city, Tuy Phuoc district and

Van Canh district.

Extend and

upgrade the

existing

plant, which

is 6ha

84


(TP)

Plan


4 Quy Nhon Phuoc My TP 4 - Treat and recycle stone

powder

- Stone powder SW from Phu Tai IZ and

Long My IZ

Existing

project5 An Nhon

provincial

town

Nhon Tho TP 20 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- An Nhon provincial town and adjacent

areas of Nhon Tho TP within the radius of

20km.

Build a new

plant

6 Bong Son

provincial

town

Hoai Duc TP 20 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- Bong Son provincial town and adjacent

areas of Hoai Duc TP within the radius of

20km.

Build a new

plant

7 Hoai Nhon Hoai Nhon 2 TP

(Hoai Son)

10 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


Hoai Nhon district (after Bong Son

provincial town is set up)

Build a new

plant

8 Phu My My Phong TP 16 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW

- Compost



industrial SW for Phu My district and

adjacent areas of My Phong TP within the

radius of 20km.

- Produce organic fertilizer from organic SW

for Phu Cat, Phu My, Hoai Nhon, Hoai An,

An Nhon and Tay Son districts

Build a new

plant

85


(TP)

Plan


9 Phu My Phu My 2 TP

(western of

National Highway

1A)

10 - Bury domestic SW Western of Phu My district Build a new

plant

10 An Lao An Trung TP 5 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- An Lao district and adjacent areas of An

Trung TP within the radius of 20km.

Build a new

plant

11 Vinh Thanh Vinh Quang TP 5 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- Vinh Thanh district and adjacent areas of

Vinh Quang TP within the radius of 20km.

Build a new

plant

12 Van Canh Hiep Hoa TP 4 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- Van Canh district and adjacent areas of

Hiep Hoa TP within the radius of 20km.

Build a new

plant

13 Tay Son Tay Xuan TP 16 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW



industrial SW for Binh Nghi IZ, IPs of Tay

Son district and adjacent areas of Tay Xuan

TP within the radius of 20km.

Build a new

plant

86


(TP)

Plan


14 Tay Son Tay Son 2 TP

(northern of Tay

Son district)

- - Bury domestic SW - Northern of Tay Son district and adjacent

areas

Build a new

plant

15 Hoai An An Thanh TP 5 - Bury domestic SW


industrial SW


- Hoai An district and adjacent areas of An

Thanh TP within the radius of 20km.

Build a new

plant

Total 225

87

Table 3.8. The plan of health SW incinerators of Binh Dinh province

Nr District/CityAmount of health

solid waste (kg/day)Incinerator capacity

(kg/time)Frequency (time/week)

1 Quy Nhon 846.1 700 7 (2 times/day)2 An Nhon 32.5 50 53 Bong Son provincial town 60 100 34 Hoai Nhon 17.2 50 35 Phu Cat 27.5 50 36 Tay Son 65.7 100 57 Van Canh 10 30 48 Hoai An 12.5 30 49 Phu My 25 50 3

10 An Lao 10 30 411 Vinh Thanh 10 30 4

1,152.8

1 Quy Nhon 934.2 700 7 (2 times/day)2 An Nhon 35.9 50 53 Bong Son provincial town 67.5 100 44 Hoai Nhon 19.3 50 35 Phu Cat 30.3 50 36 Tay Son 72.6 100 57 Van Canh 11 30 48 Hoai An 13.8 30 49 Phu My 27.6 50 3

10 An Lao 11 30 411 Vinh Thanh 11 30 4

1,272.8

The period up to 2015

The period up to 2020Total

Total

Note: 4 existing hazardous health SW incinerators in 4 hospitals (Provincial Policlinic, Tuberculosis and Lung

Hospital, Bong Son Policlinic and Phu Phong Policlinic) are still being used.

III.2.4 The primary environmental impact assessment

a. Environmental impact

The SW treatment methods usually cannot avoid environmental problems. In some cases, the

secondary environmental problems become more dangerous than the waste themselves (e.g.,

wastewater, dioxin disposal from incinerators). Therefore, in most cases, the secondary SW

treatment is integral in the SW treatment technology system.

Many SW treatment technologies have paid much attention to the development of technical

and technological solutions in order to minimize the environment impact caused by

secondary waste. If they get right investment, management and operation, the secondary

88

waste will not be considered a problem in SW treatment technology. However, we do not

exclude the polluting possibility and environmental impact of treatment systems in some

certain cases. Therefore, being the criteria for technology selection, environment impacts are

considered worst. According to this viewpoint, the safety of treatment methods is suggested

as follows:Table 3.9. The environmental impact rate of SW treatment methods

No Environment impactHygienic

landfillComposting Incineration Recycling

1 Surface water source pollution Medium Low Low High2 Underground water source

pollution

Medium Low Low Medium

3 Air pollution (disposal of

greenhouse effect substances)

Medium Medium High Medium

4 Smell High Medium Medium Low5 Disease germ Medium High Medium Medium6 Soil pollution High Medium Low Low7 Urban scenery High Medium Low Medium8 Ecosystem High Medium Low Low9 Environmental risks High Medium High High10 People health Medium Low High High

89

Table 3.10. Environment impact of the SWMP in urban areas and IZs for Binh Dinh province and solution

Benefits Shortcomings SolutionINCINERATION- Reduce the buried SW amount,

increase the land use efficiency

- Large applied scale: applicable for

various SW categories, especially

hazardous SW

- Can recover thermo energy, create

an energy source for industrial

sectors

- High investment and operation cost

- Emerge harmful substances like CO2, SO2, NOx, dioxin,

mercury gas if the incineration condition is not good or lack of

waste air treatment system

- After-incineration ashes and slag still have heavy metal

content

- High humidity in SW in Vietnam causes the inability to

recycle thermo energy

- The Government should draw

up policies to support funds or

call for foreign funds to invest

in treatment plants for

hospitals.

- Operate conforming to

technical requirements and

install the air treatment plant

efficiently.COMPOSTING- Reduce the buried SW amount,

reduce the natural carbon amount

in landfills, then reduce the

greenhouse air amount

- Set up a natural nutrition

circulation; reduce remarkably the

buried urban SW (40-60%)

- The land used is smaller than the

land of incineration method

- It is considered the clean method

The steps of the production cycle that can cause pollution are:

- Receive materials: smell, dust, affect to operators

- Selection and separation: smell, dust, affect to operators

- Composting: smell and gas can affect directly to operators and

spread out to adjacent areas

- Operate conforming to

technical requirements and

install the air treatment plant

efficiently.

- Equip the workers with on-

the-job protection equipments

- Build a protection area (trees

around) to isolate the landfill

with the adjacent residential

areas

90

- Can cover production cost by the

revenue from compost. Save land

used.RECYCLING, REUSING- Reduce the buried SW amount

- Recover the valuable and

economic things from SW

- Save raw materials for the

production

- The recycling technology is still too backwards for the

requirements. Therefore, it causes environmental pollution

right at the recycling establishments

- Risks of soil, water and air pollution if the treatment systems

are not invested and operated conforming to standards

- Workers are subject to catch occupational diseases



- Invest in up-to-date recycling

technology and environmental

pollution controlling

equipments

- Invest in environmental

management and controlling

systemHYGIENIC LANDFILL- Low investment and operation

costs

- If it is invested, managed and

operated conforming to the

regulations, it will be the best

solution for the disposal of

hazardous SW and the SW that we

unable to treat

- After the closure, we can build

As planned, the landfills will be invested conforming to the

building standards of hygienic landfills with waterproof layer,

wastewater collection and treatment system and gas collection

system. Therefore, if the operation of the hygienic landfill abides

by the regulated process, the negative effect of the landfill

towards the environment will not be considerable, just partial:

- The step of SW receiving: smell and dust affect the

operators

- The noise of the transport vehicles affects the operators

- The landfill management and

operation must be conducted

fully and correctly according

to the regulations on hygienic

landfill

- Regularly control the situation

of waste water / gas treatment

systems


91

public works on it: park, stadium,

golf …

and the adjacent residential areas

- Cause surface and underground water source pollution, air

pollution just in case there is problem with the waste

water / gas treatment system


- Build a protection area (trees

around) to isolate the landfill

with the adjacent residential

areas

92

b. The methods of environmental observation and supervision

• The content of observation program

The content of the environmental observation and supervision program at the landfill,

incinerator and recycling station includes:

- Observe, supervise the quality of air, noise during the operation period, the running

of landfill, incinerator and after the closure;

- Observe, supervise the quality of water (surface and underground) during the

operation period, the running of landfill, incinerator and after the closure;

- Observe, supervise the quality of soil, the sinking of the landfill and the ecosystem

quality during the operation period, the running of landfill, incinerator and after the

closure;

- Supervise the running of waste gas treatment system of the incinerator, and the

waste water treatment system;

- Provide periodical health examination to the staff working for the landfill,

incinerator and recycling station, as well as the people living near the effected area.

• The frequency of observation

- Operation period: + Physical – chemical – biological parameters:

every 4 months

+ Hydraulic parameters: every 3 months

- After-closure period: in the 1st year, every 4 months; from the 2nd year, twice per

year.

• The observation parameters

NoObservation

environmentObservation method/objective Defining parameters

The observation parameters for the hygienic landfill1 Waste gas - Measure the arising gas on the

surface of the landfill

- Specify the quality of air at the

landfill through the observation at

the output of the air sucking

system in the landfill

Methane

CH4, CO2, O2, temperature

Oxygen, Nitrogen, CO, CO2,

H2, CH4, etan, propan, n-butan

93

- Analyze the waste gas from the

disintegration process in the bore

holes and the underground gas

sucking pipe mouth

- Specify the waste gas amount at

on-the-job works or in the lab

- Measure the waste gas at the gas

collection and disposal systems

- Analyze the gas disposing through

the systems

- Analyze volatile organic

compound

Metan, CO2, Oxygen

Metan, CO2, Oxygen,

temperature, pressure

H2S, HCL, HF, HBr, HSO3,

NO2, CO

2 Underground

water

Measure the quality and level of

underground water

Depth, underground water level

of observed well, temperature,

Ph …3 Waste water Measure waste water level of the observed

well

Depth, waste water level,

temperature, pH …Measure the waste water quality of the

waste water management system

Depth, waste water level,

temperature, pH …4 Surface water Analyze surface water quality Temperature, pH, DO, BOD,

COD, Chlorine, N-NH4 …5 Risks Dust, noise TSP, RSP, noisy levelThe observation parameters for the incinerator6 Air

environment

The chimney mouth of the incinerator and

the environment within the incineration

area; the air environment around the

incineration area

Organic compounds like

hydrocarbon, dioxin, furans,

volatile carbon compounds,

metals, gases …7 Water

environment

The waste gas treatment system through

wet method; waste water arising before

the incineration

Harmful substances like heavy

metals: Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn

8 Soil

environment

The ash and slag disposal area after the

incineration; the distance of the disposal

pipe

Antimony, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb,

Hg, Ni, Zn, Al, dust filter

system9 People health At the incinerator and the affected

residential area around the incinerator

Periodical health examination

to assess the environmental

impact to human

94

III.2.5 The primary forecast of the SW management of Binh Dinh province up to

2030

Based on the annual population growth, the expected economic growth and the SW

growth/hospital bed, the SW amount in binh Dinh province is expected as 15,425 tons/day

by 2030. See the detailed in the below table.Table 3.11. The primary forecast of the SW arising in the districts/city by 2030

No District/city2030

Domestic

SW

Construction

SW

Industrial

SW

Health

SW

Culvert

sedimentTotal

1 Quy Nhon 784.5 62.8 3,277 7.59 47.1 4,1792 An Nhon 137.5 11.0 160 0.29 8.3 3173 Tuy Phuoc 35.0 2.8 29 0.20 2.1 694 Phu Cat 102.2 8.2 9,368 0.25 6.1 9,4855 Tay Son 80.7 6.5 749 0.59 4.8 8416 Van Canh 15.1 1.2 9 0.09 0.9 277 Hoai Nhon 119.5 9.6 90 0.82 7.2 2278 Hoai An 22.0 1.8 12 0.11 1.3 389 Phu My 43.4 3.5 148 0.22 2.6 19810 An Lao 14.3 1.1 9 0.09 0.9 2511 Vinh Thanh 10.1 0.8 8 0.09 0.6 20

Total 1,364 109 13,859 10.34 82 15,425

As planned, by 2020, the SW separation, collection and transport system of Binh Dinh

province will be relatively perfect. Therefore, in the period from 2020 to 2030, the SW

management will have many favorable conditions; the cost for SW collection and transport

will be mainly depreciation cost. The new investment will be financed by the revenue from

the service or privatization …

The SW treatment plant scale and health SW incinerator capacity are defined larger than the

real demand of 2020. Therefore, basically it can serve the SW treatment demand of the

whole province up to 2030.

III.3 The implementation roadmapTable 3.12. The implementation roadmap of the SWMP in urban areas and IZs of Binh Dinh province up to 2020

Period Implementing Projects Objective Completion

year2009- 1. Capacity building and awareness Raise the management capacity 2015

95

2015 raising

- Raise community awareness,

encourage the community participation

through awareness raising programs and

training on SW management in schools,

community and businesses; improve the

staff and people awareness on SW

treatment unlimited in administrative

areas

- Complete the management structure,

improve the capacity and equip fully for

the management staff in order to fulfil

their tasks of SW recycling supervision

and community awareness in

order to implement successfully

the SWMP of Binh Dinh

province

2. Complete the policy-frame structure

- Set up and issue the SWM regulation

in the urban areas and IZs in Binh Dinh

province

Complete the legal document

system on SW and relating to

SW; develop the policy and

mechanism on SW management

2009

- Set up and issue a consensus tariff-

frame of the SW collection and

treatment service for the whole province

2009

- Set up and complete the policy and

mechanism system of SW separation at

the source

2010

3. Build SW treatment plants

- Regional level SW treatment plant

project at Cat Nhon commune, Phu Cat

district, including the SW treatment

plant for Nhon Hoi EZ

Prepare for the investment and

construction of SW treatment

plants, give the priority to the

regional-level and provincial

level SW treatment plants,

hazardous SW treatment plants;

build recycling works

2010-2020

- SW treatment plant project in Hoai

Nhon district (phase 1)

2009-2012

- Extend Long My treatment plant

(15ha)

2011-2015

- SW treatment plant project in Tay

Son, Phu My, An Nhon districts (phase1

)

2009-2012

96

- SW treatment plant project in other

districts (phase 1)

2010-2015

4. The socialization of SW management

- Assess, draw lessons learnt on the

activities of private enterprises in SW

management (Nguyen Tin Ltd. Co., Ha

Thanh Co. …)

Gradually implement the

socialization of SW

management, through the order

or tender mechanism, ensuring

the environmental safety and

security

2009

- Set up the SW management and

organization model with the

participation of many economic classes

(mechanism, policy, tender regulation,

order regulation, management, tariff …)

2009

5. SW separation at the source

- Implement pilot activities, assess and

draw lessons learnt on the SW

separation at the households (at the first

phase, carry out pilot activities in the

urban areas that have sanitation projects

or SW investment projects: Bong Son

town, An Nhon town, Quy Nhon town)

Utilize the recyclable SW

amount, treat absolutely the

arising SW through many

technologies

2010-2012

- Communicate, train, inform and

instruct the SW separation at the

households

2009-2012

6. Capacity building in SW collection

and transport

- Procure equipment for SW collection

and transport sufficiently

- Carry out the mechanization of the

sweeping and collecting steps

- Extend the collection and transport

service, cover the whole urban area with

the participation of many economic

sectors

- Build SW intermediate stations

Increase the collection, transport

and treatment efficiency (100%

of domestic SW are separated,

collected and treated for Quy

Nhon city, 60% for other urban

areas; and 95% of the industrial

SW from IZs)

2009-2015

97

- Prepare material facilities: storage

bins, vehicles for the pilot projects of

SW separation at the source (avoid the

situation that after separated at the

source, SW is collected and transported

and mixed together)7. Invest in the health SW management

system

- Invest in the incinerators at district

policlinics

- 100% of the medical establishments

invest in the hygienic separation and

storage system

Collect and treat 100% of the

health SW arising

2010

2015-

2020

1. Capacity building on SW collection

and transport (transition projects)

- Make the plan and procure equipment

for SW collection, transport and

treatment

- Extend the service scale and increase

service quality

- Prepare material facilities: storage

bins, vehicles for the wide

implementation of SW separation at the

source

- Upgrade and complete the SW

collection, transport and

treatment system

- 100% of domestic SW are

separated, collected and treated

for Quy Nhon city, 80% for

other urban areas; and 100% of

the industrial SW from IZs

2017

2. SW separation at the source

Popularize the domestic SW separation

at the source (households) for the urban

areas

100% of the urban domestic SW

are separated at the source

2020

3. The socialization of SW management

(transition projects)

- Set up and issue guidelines, documents

relating to the signature and procedures

to facilitate private enterprises taking

part in the SW management quickly

The private sector can take part

in the SW management in the

privatization trend; well

coordination between the state

and the private sector

2015

98

- Set up service tariff and norm in order

to facilitate the private sector access and

organize SW management4. Build SW treatment plants

Complete the construction of SW

treatment plants in all districts

Complete the construction of

SW treatment plants

2020

III.4 The cost estimate

III.4.1 The basement of cost estimate calculation

- SWM strategy in urban areas and IZs of Vietnam up to 2020;

- The assessment methodology of SW management tariff presented in the Environment

happenings report of Vietnam 2004 – SW, prepared by WB, MoNRE, Canadian

International Development Agency;

- The guideline on hazardous SW treatment cost calculation, Department of

Environment, Ha Noi-2001;

- The ongoing SW treatment plant investment projects in Vietnam;

- Other relating technical documents

III.4.2 The cost estimate

Total investment cost: 1,610 billion VND (see the details in table 3.13)

In which: The period up to 2015: 862 billion VND

The period from 2016 to 2020: 748 billion VND

Table 3.13. The cost estimate of SWMP in urban areas and IZs in Binh Dinh province up to 2020

Implementing projects

Estimated cost

(billion VND)Note

2009-

2015

2016-

20201. Capacity building and awareness raising 1.2- Raise community awareness, encourage the

community participation through awareness raising

programs and training on SW management in

schools, community and businesses

0.7 State budget

- Complete the management structure, improve the 0.5 State budget

99

capacity and equip fully for the management staff in

order to fulfil their tasks of SW recycling

supervision2. Build SW treatment plants 538.2 638.1- SW treatment complex project in Cat Nhon

commune, Phu cat district (including the treatment

plant for Nhon Hoi EZ)

405 540 Loan and State budget

(80/20)

- SW treatment plant project in Bong Son provincial

town

10.4 2.7

- Extend Long My treatment plant 60 63.9- Tay Xuan SW treatment plant, Tay Son district 16.5 8- My Phong SW treatment plant, Phu My district 24.9 12.9- Nhon Tho SW treatment plant, An Nhon district 14.8 3.6- An Trung SW treatment plant, An Lao district 1.4 0.4- Vinh Quang SW treatment plant, Vinh Thanh

district

1.4 0.4

- Hiep Hoa SW treatment plant, Van Canh district 1.6 0.4- An Thanh SW treatment plant, Hoai An district 2.2 0.4- Hoai Nhon 2 SW treatment plant 1.35- Phu Cat 2 SW treatment plant 1.35- Phu My 2 SW treatment plant 1.35- Tay Son 2 SW treatment plant 1.353. The socialization of SW management 0.2Set up the SW management and organization model

with the participation of many economic classes

(mechanism, policy, tender regulation, order

regulation, management, tariff …)

0.2 Pilot projects in An Nhon

town and Bong Son town

- State budget

4. SW separation at the source 1.15 11Phase 1: 2009-2015 1.15- Implement pilot activities, assess and draw lessons

learnt on the SW separation at the households (at the

first phase, carry out pilot activities in the urban

areas that have sanitation projects or SW investment

projects: Bong Son town, An Nhon town, Quy Nhon

town)

0.6 State budget

- Communicate, train, inform and instruct the SW

separation at the households

0.55 50 million VND x 11

districts/cityPhase 2: 2016-2020 11 Refer to the project 3R

carrying out in Ha Noi Popularize the domestic SW separation at the source

(households) for the urban areas

100

and planning to extend to

some other urban areas5. Capacity building on SW collection and

transport

316 98

Phase 1: 2009-2015 316 Collection and transport

cost: 2,500 VND/ton/km,

in which depreciation cost

is 5% of the total cost

- Procure equipment for SW collection and transport

sufficiently- Carry out the mechanization of the sweeping and

collecting steps- Extend the collection and transport service, cover

the whole urban area with the participation of many

economic sectors- Build SW intermediate stations- Prepare material facilities: storage bins, vehicles

for the pilot projects of SW separation at the source

(avoid the situation that after separated at the source,

SW is collected and transported and mixed together)Phase 2: 2016-2020 98 Socialization fund and

ODA fund- Make the plan and procure equipment for SW

collection, transport and treatment- Extend the service scale and increase service

quality- Prepare material facilities: storage bins, vehicles

for the wide implementation of SW separation at the

source6. Invest in the health SW management system 5.62 0.5- Invest in the incinerators at district policlinics 5.4 State budget and non-

repayable ODA fund+ Health SW incinerator of An Nhon district+ Health SW incinerator of Phu cat district+ Health SW incinerator of Van Canh district+ Health SW incinerator of Hoai An district+ Health SW incinerator of Phu My district+ Health SW incinerator of Hoai Nhon district+ Health SW incinerator of An Lao district- 100% of the medical establishments invest in the

hygienic separation and storage system

0.22 0.5 500 million VND x 11

districts/cityTotal 862 748

III.4.3 The fund source

101

The urban area and IZ SWMP of Binh Dinh province up to 2020 expects to use the

following fund sources:

- The investment fund of Binh Dinh provincial budget;

- The investment fund of private enterprises;

- The ODA loan of ADB and other foreign organizations;

- The non-repayable ODA of international organizations,

See the detailed source in the table 3.14

Table 3.14. The fund source structure to implement the urban area and IZ SWMP in Binh Dinh province up to

2020

Fund source Objective of fund use

Estimated cost (billion

VND)2009-

2015

2016-

2020Total

Investment fund of Binh

Dinh provincial budget

- Set up a policy and mechanism policy,

tariff …

- Training, capacity building in

management

- Communicate, train, raise community

awareness

- Counterpart funds for investment projects

of SW treatment plants

116 128 244

Investment fund of private

enterprises

- Capacity building on SW collection and

transport

370 162 532

ODA loan of ADB and

other foreign

organizations

- Investment projects of SW treatment

plants

269 319 588

Non-repayable ODA of

international organizations

- Technical assistance (guideline and pilot

implementation of SW separation at the

source …)

108 140 248

Total 862 748 1,610

102

CHAPTER IV: ORGANIZATION AND SOLUTION TO IMPLEMENT THE SWMP

IV.1 Organization and implementationTable 4.1.The assignment of the SWMP implementation

Agency Functions, dutiesDepartment of

Construction

- Be the advisor of the PPC in directing the implementation of the

PSWMP for the urban areas and the industrial zones in the

province up to 2020, be the leader in the coordination with other

departments to draw up an implementation plan up to 2020.

- Assess the construction plan of solid waste treatment plants,

monitor and supervise the construction as planned.

- Coordinate with the districts and the Department of Planning and

Investment to make the list of investment projects according to the

priority order to arrange the fund sources (government budget,

ODA fund and other fund sources according to the socialization

policy).

- Bear the main responsibility in the coordination with other

departments to draw up the Provincial Solid Waste Management

Regulation (in the districts, city, industrial zones, and health

enterprises) and then submit it to the PPC for approval as a

basement of state management.

- Bear the responsibility in the coordination with the Department of

Natural Resources and Environment to instruct the district/city

People’s Committees on the technical standards and conditions of

location selection and solid waste intermediate point construction

at rural residential zones.

103

Department of

Planning and

Investment

- Bear the main responsibility in the coordination with the relating

departments to draw up investment incentive policies for the

organizations that take part in the solid waste collection, transport

and treatment in the province, and then submit it to the PPC for

approval.

- Bear the main responsibility in the coordination with the relating

departments to submit the Tender Regulation or Order Regulation

of solid waste collection, transport and treatment service in the

province to the PPC for approval and issuing.

- Arrange the government budget for the solid waste management

plans approved by the PPC.

104

Department of

Natural Resources

and Environment

- Be in charge of the state management on environment matters at

the intermediate points, solid waste treatment plants in the

province.

- Bear the main responsibility in the coordination with the

Department of Industry and Commerce, Binh Dinh Economic

Zone Management Unit and the district/city PCs to periodically

inspect and supervise the solid waste management situation at the

industrial zones, small industrial zones and enterprises in the

province.

- Bear the main responsibility in the coordination with the

Department of Health to periodically inspect and supervise the

solid waste management situation at the health agencies in the

province.

- Preside over the program of solid waste separation at the source.


departments to appraise the compositions and properties of solid

waste imported to Binh Dinh.

- Make annual reports on solid waste management, including

domestic solid waste, industrial solid waste, health solid waste and

hazardous solid waste in the province, and then send them to the

Provincial People’s Council and Provincial People’s Committee.

- Coordinate with the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment to instruct the district/city People’s Committees on

the technical standards and conditions of location selection and

solid waste intermediate point construction at rural residential

zones.Department of

Finance

- Appraise and submit the tariff of solid waste collection, transport

and treatment service in the province to the PPC for approval.


departments to draw up tax and finance incentive policies for the

organizations that take part in the socialization of solid waste

management.

105

Department of

Industry and

Commerce

- Be in charge of the state management on industrial solid waste,

monitor and supervise regularly the compositions of industrial

solid waste, the amount of solid waste at industrial zones, trade

villages and enterprises, and the implementation of solid waste

management regulations in the province.

- Give the instructions on the collection, transport and treatment of

hazardous solid waste originated from industrial production.Binh Dinh Economic

Zone Management

Unit and district/city

PCs

- Direct and organize the solid waste management within their

scales of control.

- Coordinate with environment inspectors and environment police

officers to inspect and penalize any breach of environmental

protection regulations in term of solid waste at industrial zones.Department of Health - Be in charge of the state management on health solid waste in the

province.

- Regularly supervise the collection and treatment of hazardous

solid waste originated from health activities in the province.Department of

Science and

Technology

- Appraise the technologies and equipments of solid waste treatment

and recycling in the province.

- Appraise the treatment technologies of hazardous solid waste in

the province.

- Coordinate with the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment to assess the compositions and properties of solid

waste imported to Binh Dinh from abroad.PCs of city, districts

(provincial towns)

- Organize and implement the task of state management on

environment and sanitation matters inclusive of solid waste in their

areas.

- Coordinate with the relating departments to draw up investment

plans of solid waste treatment plants in their areas, implement the

PSWMP as approved.

- Set up the tariff of solid waste collection and treatment service in

their areas, request the DoF to assess it, and then submit it to the

PPC for approval.

- Be in charge of planning solid waste intermediate points for rural

residential zones in their areas.

106

Urban Environmental

Company /

Cooperatives / Solid

waste collection teams

- Collect, transport and treat solid waste according to the signed

contracts.

- Coordinate with the DoNRE to implement pilot activities and

promote the solid waste separation program at the source (at

households, organizations, offices, schools, trading – service

enterprises …)Environment Police - Check and penalize administratively any breach of environmental

law; conduct investigation to any breach of environmental law;

verify environment criteria …

- Take the initiative in engaging reconnaissance missions to any

environmental trouble spot.

- Coordinate with the natural resources and environment branch,

through the combination of common administrative penalization

methods and security professional methods, to delve into the

penalization of breach on solid waste management and illegal solid

waste import.

- Have the authority to suspend an enterprise if any breach on

environment is detected. If the enterprise does not make good his

breach, he will be prosecuted to the law.

IV.2 The solution of SWMP implementation

IV.2.1 Mechanism of SWMP implementation

• The management – operation mechanism

To implement the plan, it requires a comprehensive management – operation mechanism for

the government, people and enterprises. The detailed mechanism is as follows:

- Management mechanism:

+ The State manages through policies and guidelines

+ The community is the subject conducting the management of SW.

+ The enterprises (organizations), which take part in the SW management,

implement their tasks with the high responsibility to the community, under the

supervision of the community and the inspection of the State.

- Operation mechanism:

107

+ The State directs the SW management according to legal documents, creates all

favorable conditions to raise community awareness on SW, calls for investment from

many fund sources, gives the priority of land use to treatment plants. The State

usually supervises, checks, inspects the relating activities. The State gives investment

incentives and controls the service tariff, penalizes strictly any breach and rewards the

individuals / organizations implementing well relating policies.

+ The community: raise awareness on SW; contribute to the SW management

together with the State and enterprises.

Principals: The one who disposes SW must pay.

The subjects create SW (households, manufacture establishments, commercial

enterprises, service enterprises, offices …) should be aware of their participation,

through separating at the source, not using backwards technology that creates many

wastes …

Close cooperation with SW collection, transport and treatment agencies.

+ The enterprises (organizations), which take part in the SW management:

implement as contracted on SW management, organize the best SW collection,

transport and treatment network. They are under the State direction and supported

with incentives to ensure covering the operation costs.

• The investment mechanism

- Provincial budget supports the investment in the access road; supports the investment

in treatment plants in mountainous districts.

- Provincial budget invests in the infrastructure beyond the fence of Cat Nhon SW

treatment complex in Phu Cat district.

- Provincial budget gives the priority to the investment of SW treatment plant for Nhon

Hoi EZ.

IV.2.2 Incentive policy and socialization in SW management

The objective of this policy is to create favorable conditions for the community to show their

subjective roles in SW management, to mobilize all social resources to take part in the

sanitation. It includes 3 main policy groups:

108

1. Encourage and mobilize all fund sources from the community and the society in the SW

management

The construction of treatment plants as proposed in the SWMP will cost much. Therefore,

we cannot only rely on the Government budget. The mobilization of fund sources from local

and abroad communities, individuals, enterprises, organizations will not only reduce the

burden of government budget but also increase the responsibility of communities,

individuals, enterprises, organizations in the SW management. Some main solutions:

- Issue mechanism, policies to encourage social forces taking part in the SW treatment

field, e.g., support treatment cost, give loan with low interest, give land without land

use fee, exempt fixed-term land use tax and business income tax …

- Mobilize and use efficiently the investment fund sources

+ Call for investment in SW management and treatment in urban areas and IZs. These

projects can be combined with the investment works of urban upgrading, poverty

reduce in urban areas, urban environmental improvement …

+ Search for foreign partners to invest in SW recycling factories under the modality

of BOT (Building – Operation – Transfer) or 100% foreign fund source. Doing that,

we can acknowledge the up-to-date technology besides the mobilization of fund.

2. Investment incentives to strengthen the privatization in SW management (collection,

transfer and treatment)

The investment incentives are regulated in 2 documents:

- Decree nr.04/2009/ND-CP dated 14 Jan 2009 of the Government on the incentives

and support in environmental protection activities;

- Circular nr.121/2008/TT-BTC dated 12 Dec 2008 of the Ministry of Finance

instructing the incentives and financial support towards the investment in SW

management.

A. The incentives and financial support towards SW treatment plants

a. Support in infrastructure investment

- The State supports in the investment of infrastructures (traffic road, power,

water supply and sewerage) that are beyond the project scale and connected to the

common infrastructures of the area;

109

- In case the State has not allocated the supporting budget yet, the investors are

allowed to use other legal fund sources for the investment. These funds will be

deducted from the land use fee or land hire fee or other fees that the investors must

pay to the government budget as regulated;

b. Support in ground clearance and compensation, land use fee and land hire fee

- The PPC will base on the approved SWMP and land use plan to

allocate the land that has finished the ground clearance and compensation to the

investment projects in sanitation and environment.

- In case the land for infrastructure investment and sanitation service is

being used by another, the authorized state agency must acquisition the land and

compensate as regulated, then assign it to the investors.

- Exempt the land use fee, land hire fee.

c. Support through ODA fund, incentive credit loan

- The SW treatment plants are given priority to attract the ODA fund and apply

the financial mechanism like the domestic SW, urban SW treatment projects

regulated in the Circular nr.108/2003/TT-BTC dated 7 Nov 2003 and the Circular

nr.08/2008/TT-BTC dated 20 Jan 2008 of the Ministry of Finance instructing the

financial mechanism applied for sanitation projects using ODA fund

- The organizations / individuals investing in SW treatment plants are supported

in credit loan under the forms of: loan for investment, support after-investment

interest, investment credit guarantee from the Vietnamese Development Bank, the

Vietnamese Environmental Protection Fund, or the local Environmental Protection

Fund (if any) if they meet all requirements for each supporting form. The investment

support is done according to the current legal regulations and the regulations of the

loan.

d. Support in the mobilization of investment fund

- The SW treatment establishments, which apply the treatment technology so as

that the buried SW after treatment is <10%, will be supported 50% investment cost by

the State, in which 40% from Government budget and 10% from local budget. The

110

other 50% will be loaned from the Vietnamese Development Bank or the Vietnamese

Environmental Protection Fund with incentive interest.

e. Tax incentive

* Import tax incentive

- Imported equipment to be fixed assets of the establishment will be exempted

from import tax

- Imported material for the production will be exempted from import tax during

5 years since the first day of operation

- Tax exempting documents and procedures are prepared according to the legal

regulations on import/export tax

* Business income tax incentive

- Satisfied SW treatment establishments will be exempted or reduced from

business income tax

f. Consuming support and price support

- Ensure to cover all the costs and incentive interest

- The time of price support is defined based on the time projects create products

and based on the covering ability of the production cost

- The price support fund is taken from the Vietnamese Environmental Protection

Fund

g. Support in SW recycling, reusing and treatment technology study and development

- The organizations / individuals investing in SW treatment plants are supported

with the cost of SW recycling, reusing and treatment technology study and

development through the technological scientific projects and programmes.

- The maximum support does not exceed 30% of the total cost of the study plan

h. Support in labor training

- The training cost of the labor (who is paid by the SW treatment establishment)

is considered suitable cost as regulated by the law.

- The PC of any level considers and support the training cost for the labor based

on the available budget and the training plan in order to standardize the basic

knowledge for the labors (when necessary).

111

B. The incentives and financial support towards SW collection and transport

establishments

a. Incentive in land use fee, land hire fee

- The organizations / individuals investing in SW intermediate stations are

exempted from land use fee and land hire fee, and supported with ground clearance

and compensation cost.

- The organizations / individuals carrying out SW collection and transport

activities receive credit incentives.

b. Tax incentive

- Incentive in import tax for equipment

- Incentive in business income tax

c. Supporting policy from the Government budget

- The domestic SW collection and transport establishments are supported by the

local budget to cover all the collection and transport costs based on the service

contract, in addition to the revenue from the service fee.

d. Sanitation fee collection

- Cooperatives, business households, who carry out the SW collection, transport

and treatment activities in the rural residential areas and trading village that have not

had the SW collection and transport service, are allowed to collect sanitation fee as

regulated and supported by the local budget to cover all the collection and transport

costs based on the service contract.

3. Encourage to minimize SW and to recycle SW by many forms

- Set up supporting policies towards the technological changing investments and

towards consumer market for the environmental protection goods.

- The organic fertilizer has not been used very popularly, so the province should

have price supporting policy for the composting factories in order to sell the products

at an affordable price (relatively cheap). This cost should be considered the urban

environment cleaning cost.

112

- Manage comprehensively the purchasing and selling activities of waste at

other IZs, processing and exporting zones, industrial manufacture establishments,

industrial centers …

IV.2.3 Improve the cost recovery in order to ensure the sustainability of the investment

In order to increase the financial sustainability of SW management systems, the participation

of private sectors must be intensified, and the principal: the one disposes SW must pay must

be applied. Some solutions:

- The DoF coordinates with DoC and DoNRE to set up and issue the specific

tariff frame of sanitation, SW collection, transport and treatment for each category of

customers: households, administrative offices, schools, factories, hospitals and

canteens, small business households …, based on the principals of operation cost

covering, investment cost repayment gradually, facilitating the equitization and

increase the investment fund from economic sectors

We propose to collect sanitation fee so as to be affordable to the people, e.g, hospitals:

VND/person/day in hospital; small business households: VND/day …

IV.2.4 Strengthen the inspection and supervision of SW management and treatment

- Intensify the supervision and inspection of the SW management regulation

implementation.

- Penalize strictly any breach of Environmental protection law, urban sanitation

regulations and rules.

IV.2.5 Community awareness raising

- Raise the staff and people awareness on SW treatment benefits, environmental

protection requirements of hygienic landfill … in order to get the agreement between

the people and local authority towards the SW treatment unlimited in administrative

location.

- Strengthen the professional training on SW management for the staff in charge

of SW management in ministries, departments, local divisions and SW collection,

transport, storage and treatment agencies.

113

- Put the content of SW management in the lesson plan of business management

training (prevent and minimize SW arising, use environment-friendly materials,

collect and transport SW as regulated …)

- Put environmental training in schools; communicate and raise awareness

through the media, organizations (youth union, veteran union, women union …)

- Carry out the community awareness raising activities, encourage the

community participation through the awareness raising programs on SW management

at schools, communities and business enterprises, in order to provide the community

with basic sanitation knowledge, innovative and practical ideas on socialization

programs

114

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

I. Conclusion

1. The current situation of SW management in Binh Dinh province, disadvantages and

advantages

a. The achievement

- The collection of domestic SW and health SW has achieved good result but

unevenly (in towns, just initial step)

- The socialization and privatization of SW management have been carried out

but lack of an incentive and supporting mechanism.

- Health SW incinerators have been invested but the after-incineration ashes

have not been treated safely.

- Commenced to implement the socialization of SW management

- The health SW management and treatment are efficient, highly appreciated by

the MoH.

b. The shortcomings

* Domestic SW

- The collection rate at districts towns is low (15-30%). The uncollected SW is

an implicit risk to the environment and the people health.

- One district has not managed SW (An Lao district).

- High rate of organic SW is a potentiality for composting. However, it has not

utilized absolutely.

- The amount of synthetic plastic is big, difficult to treat.

- Recycling and reusing is popular but still spontaneous. Therefore, it is an

implicit risk to the environment and the people health.

- Most of landfills are unhygienic or temporary; the areas are small so they are

unable to meet the SW treatment plant in the future.

* Industrial SW

The SW management at urban areas and IZs has not met the real demand.

- The SW has not been controlled closely; manufacture establishments solve the

arising SW amount themselves.

115

- The rate of hygienically treated industrial SW is too low, especially the

hazardous SW. They have not treated separately, most of them have been buried

together with domestic SW or disposed in wrong places, easy to disperse the polluting

waste into the environment.

- There is a potentiality of recycling and reusing, but it is spontaneous.

- In the future, the arising industrial SW amount will be very big. It can be a

challenge to the SW management if we do not make up any plan right now.

* Health SW

- The safe storage and transport equipments are insufficient.

2. The specific objectives of the SWMP for Binh Dinh province towards the objects:

urban domestic SW, industrial SW and health SW are as follows:

- Up to 2015: 100% of domestic SW arising in Quy Nhon city, 70% of the total

domestic SW arising in other urban areas will be collected and treated; 100% of the

industrial SW arising in IZs will be separated, collected and treated through

applicable methods.

- Up to 2020: 100% of domestic SW arising in Quy Nhon city, 80% of the total

domestic SW arising in other urban areas will be collected and treated; 100% of

domestic SW arising in urban areas will be separated at the source.

3. The applied SW treatment technology

4 treatment technologies are planned to be applied:

- Apply recycling technology for the recyclable domestic SW and industrial

SW.

- Apply composting technology for organic SW.

- Apply incineration technology for hazardous health SW and industrial SW;

apply stabling and compressing technology for the after-incineration ashes before

burying.

- Apply hygienic landfill technology for inert substances.

4. The SW treatment system plan

- 1 SW treatment complex (including treatment for Nhon Hoi EZ)

- 14 SW treatment plants

116

- 11 hazardous health SW incinerators

5. The roadmap of SWMP implementation in the periods of 2009-2015, 2016-2020

- The total investment cost is estimated as 1,610 billion VND, in which 862

billion for the period 2009-2015, 748 billion for the period 2016-2020.

- Find source: budget (244 billion VND), ODA and loan from other foreign

organizations (588 billion VND), non-repayable ODA (248 billion), socialization and

others (532 billion VND).

- Propose the organization and implementation modality, define the investment

fund, and policy mechanism for the SWMP implementation.

I. Recommendation

In order to implement successfully the SWMP for Binh Dinh province up to 2020, we

recommend:

- The agencies implement their tasks as assigned in the SWMP.

- Follow the roadmap as proposed.

- Implement comprehensively the solutions of policy mechanism to ensure the

success of the SWMP.

+ Intensify the separation at the source to reduce the treated SW amount and ensure

the quality and quantity for the treatment plant, increase socioeconomic effects.

+ Encourage industrial manufacture establishments to carry out clean production to

prevent and reduce the arising SW.

+ Set up recycling market policies to develop recycling market, achieve the objective

proposed in the SWMP, which only treat the SW that can not be recycled.

+ Mobilize all fund sources for the SWMP organization and implementation,

especially treatment plants.

+ Increase the rate of O&M cost.

+ Socialize the SW management.

+ Intensify the capacity building and awareness raising activities.

- The PC of districts should make the plan of the intermediate stations for rural

residential points.

117

If the SWMP for Binh Dinh province is implemented, it will improve the SW management

in particular and environment protection in general:

- Reduce the arising SW amount.

- Improve the SW separation, collection and transport systems of urban areas.

- Absolutely treat hazardous SW.

- Set up hygienic treatment plants.

- Intensify recycling, reusing …

- In term of social issues, it will raise community awareness on environmental

sanitation and encourage the community participation in SW management.

We kindly request the PPC of Binh Dinh to approve the SWMP for Binh Dinh province up

to 2020 soon, in order to facilitate the implementation of the projects in the proposed periods

in the SWMP.

118

Date post:	01-Dec-2014
Category:	Documents
Upload:	wsspquynhon
View:	106 times
Download:	0 times

General Report on SWMP for Binh Dinh Province Up to 2020

Documents