Geochemistry of Surface Sediments from the Southern ... · Geochemistry of surface sediments from...

GEOCHEMISTRY OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN INCLUDING OFFSHORE WEST TASMANIA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA AND VICTORIA

by D T Heggie, J L Lane and H H Veeh

Record 1993/8

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Continental Margin Transects

Geochemistry of surface sediments from the Southern Australian Continental Margin including offshore West Tasmania, South

Australia and Victoria.

Projects: 121.13, 121.20 and 121.38

D. T. Heggiel , J. L. Lanel and H. H. Veeh2

1. Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Program in Marine Geosciences and Petroleum Geology, GPO Box 378, Canberra, 2601

2. Flinders University of South Australia, School of Earth Sciences, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001

: * JIUIJ)I ~I) ~

DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND ENERGY

Minister for Resources: Hon. Michael Lee, MP Secretary: Greg Taylor

AUSTRALIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ORGANISATION

Executive Director: Harvey Jacka

© Commonwealth of Australia

ISSN: 1039-0073

ISBN: 0 64219915 9

This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealings for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review, as pennitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written pennission. Copyright is the responsibility of the Executive Director, Australian Geological Survey Organisation. Inquiries should be directed to the Principal Information Officer, Australian Geological Survey Organisation, GPO Box 378, Canberra City, ACT, 2601.

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iii

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARy ............................................................................................. iv

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ viii

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1

METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 6

Pore Water ........................................................................................................... 6

Major and Minor Element Compositions ............................................................ 6

Radiochemistry ................................................................................................... 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................... 8

Pore Water Geochemistry ................................................................................... 8

Solid phase major and trace element abundances ............................................... 33

Radiochemical data and palaeoceanographic indicators in sediments ................ 67

SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 81

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ 82

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 83

Appendix 1. Al203 with select major and trace elements

Appendix 2. Fe203 with select major and trace elements

Appendix 3. Mn02 with select major and trace elements

Appendix 4: Down-core elemental ratios of cores collected off South Australia,

west Victoria and Tasmania

iv

EXECUTfVESUNDdARY

As part of Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) survey 67 using Rig Seismic offshore

South Australia, Victoria and West Tasmania, many gravity cores were sampled and

analysed for light hydrocarbons as part of the Continental Margins surface geochemistry

project. Eight ofthose cores were analysed, both at sea and in Canberra, for a variety of

complementary geochemical data. This Record provides a summary of the geochemical

analyses subsequently conducted on those cores. The data presented here include (i) pore

water metabolites (ii) geochemical analyses of major and trace element abundances (iii)

radiochemical data and select palaeoceanographic indicators. Some of these data have

been used to assist in the interpretation of the light hydrocarbon data, while much of the

other data has applications to a variety of environmental and resource issues in southern

Australia. These data (i) provide a data-base which can be used to assess long-term

environmental change associated with anthropogenic discharges to the southern margins

of Australia (ii) allow assessment of Late Quaternary and natural climatic change and (iii)

provide clues to geochemical processes operating in the sediments which are important in

identifying formation of some seafloor minerals including marine phosphorites and

manganese crusts and nodules. This Record and these data also form part of a

geochemical data-base which includes data from other parts of the Australian continental

margin. These data will be used to systematically develop the basis for an understanding

of the controls on the geochemical compositions of sediments from around Australia.

The pore water data indicate that the outer-shelf/upper-slope cores are probably sub-oxic

to anoxic in character within the top few centimetres as a result of organic carbon burial

and recycling in the core-tops. In contrast the lower-slope sediments are more oxic (oxic

to sub-oxic) and these reflect generally lower rates of organic matter input into these

sediments. Pore water silicate data in some cores suggest uptake of silica into the solid

phases at depth, which may be indicative of glauconite formation in the sediments.

Glauconite is often associated with modem phosphorite accumulations in sediments,

although these data provide no direct clues to phosphorite formations in these

sediments. The inventory of sedimentary manganese in the outer-shelf/upper-slope cores

is generally significantly lower than that measured in lower-slope cores. This

observation, and the pore water data which shows manganese remobilisation and

recycling between pore waters and sediments, may help explain an important process

contributing to the formation of abundant manganese crusts and nodules in the deep

waters off West Tasmania including the South Tasman Rise.

©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

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The down-core distributions of some radiochemical species, including authigenic

uranium and excess thorium 230 are being used to both determine sedimentation rates

and assess Late Quaternary paleoceanography in the region. These data and several other

potential palaeoceanographic indicators indicate down-core trends which may be

indicative of natural palaeoceanographic and palaeochemcial changes between glacial

and interglacial periods, but these cannot be assessed until these sediments have been

dated. This dating is in progress at the Flinders University of South Australia.


• vi • • • LIST OF TABLES

Page • Table 1. Location of cores collected from the continental margin •

offshore west Tasmania, Victoria and South Australia 4 • Table 2. Summary of cores analysed 5 • • Table 3. Pore water results for core 67GCO 1 11 • Table 4. Pore water results for core 67GC02 11 •

• Table 5. Pore water results for core 67GC03 11 • Table 6. Pore water results for core 67GC07 12 • • Table 7. Pore water results for core 67GC12 12 • Table 8. Pore water results for core 67GC16 13 • • Table 9. Pore water results for core 67GC18 13 • Table 10. Pore water results for core 67GC29 13 • • Table 11. Pore water results for core 67GC37 14 • Table 12. Pore water results for core 67GC45 14 • • Table 13. Pore water results for core 67GC48 14 • Table 14. Comparison of elemental abundances in surface sediments •

between north-east and south east Australia 35 • • Table 15. Major and trace element analyses for core 67GCOI 36&37 • Table 16. Major and trace element analyses for core 67GC07 38&39 • • Table 17. Major and trace element analyses for core 67GC 12A 40&41 • •

©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993 •

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vii

Table 18. Major and trace element analyses for core 67GC16





Table 23. The range in concentration of major and minor element abundance's

in the cores from the Otway Basin and West Tasmania

Table 24. Core-top elemental ratios and water depths for cores from the

southern Australian continental margin

Table 25. Radiochemical data, percent calcium carbonate, organic carbon

and opaline silica contents, for core 67GC12A

Table 26. Percent opaline silica content of core 67GC37

Table 27. Radiochemical data, percent calcium carbonate, organic carbon

and opaline silica contents for core 67GC45

©Austlalian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

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• viii •

LIST OF FIGURES • Page •

Figure I. Location of cores collected from the southern Australian • Continental Margin 3 • Figure 2. Schematic representation of trends in pore water profiles •

(After Froelich, 1979) 10 • Figure 3. Down-core profiles ofNH3 (JlIDol/l), pore water Mn (JlIDOl/l) •

and solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GCOI 15 • • Figure 4. Down-core profiles of NH3 (JlIDoI/I) and pore water Mn (Jlmol/l) • for core 67GC02 16

• Figure 5. Down-core profiles of and NH3 (Jlmolll) and • pore water Mn (Jlmolll) for core 67GC03 17 • Figure 6. Down-core profiles of (a) Si02 (Jlmol/l), NH3 (Jlmol/l) and •

C02 (mmol/I) and (b) pore water Mn (Jlmol/l) and • . solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GC07 18 & 19 • Figure 7. Down-core profiles of (a) Si02 (JlIDOl/l), NH3 (Jlmol/l) and •

C02 (mmolll) and (b) pore water Mn (JlIDOl/l) and • solid phase Mn (ppm)for core 67GC12A 20&21 • Figure 8. Down-core profiles of (a) Si02 (JlIDOl/l), NH3 (Jlmol/l) and •

C02 (mmol/l) and (b) pore water Mn (Jlmol/l) and • solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GC 16 22&23 • Figure 9. Down-core profiles of (a) Si02 (J.Lmolll), NH3 (J.Lmolll) and •

C02 (mmol/l) and (b) pore water Mn Q.lmol/l) and •• solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GC 18 24&25 • Figure 10. Down-core profiles of (a) Si02 (Jlmolll), NH3 (Jlmol/l) and • C02 (mmol/I) and (b) pore water Mn (Jlmolll) and • solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GC29 26&27 • Figure 11. Down-core profiles of Si02 (Jlmolll), NH3 (Jlmolll), •

pore water Mn (Jlmol/l) and C02 (mmol/l) for core 67GC37 28 • • ©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993 •

• • ix

• • Figure 12. Down-core profIles of (a) Si02 <Ilmol/l), NH3 (J.lmoIlI) and

• C02 (mmolll) and (b) pore water Mn (J.lmoI/l) and

• solid phase Mn(ppm) for core 67GC45 29&30

• Figure 13. Down-core profIles of (a) Si02 (JlmoIll), NH3 (JlrnoI/l) and

• C02 (mmol/l) and (b) pore water Mn (J.lmol/l) and

• solid phase Mn (ppm) for core 67GC48 31 &32

• Figure 14 Core-top phosphorous/Aluminium ratio plotted as a

• function of water depth S4

• • Figure 15 Core-top Silicon! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth SS

• Figure 16 Core-top Strontium!Aluminium ratio plotted as a function

• of water depth S6

• Figure 17 Core-top Chromium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function

• of water depth S7

• • Figure 18 Core-top Vanadium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function

of water depth 58

• • Figure 19 Core-top Barium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function

• of water depth 59

• Figure 20 Core-top Copper/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function


• Figure 21 Core-top Manganese/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function


• • Figure 22 Core-top Zinc! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth 62

• Figure 23 Core-top Nickell Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth 63

• • Figure 24 Core-top Germanium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function

of water depth 64

• • • ©AustraIian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

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Figure 25 Core-top Titanium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function • of water depth 65 • • Figure 26 Core-top Rubidium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function • of water depth 66

• Figure 27 Down core profile of Phosphorous/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC12A 71 • Figure 28 Down core profile of Barium!Aluminium ratio, core 67GC12A 72 • • Figure 29 Down core profile ofChromium!Aluminium ratio, core 67GC12A 73 • Figure 30 Down core profile of Manganese/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC12A 74 • • Figure 31 Down core profile of Nickell Aluminium ratio, core 67GC 12A 75 • Figure 32 Down core profile of Phosphorous/ Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45 76 • • Figure 33 Down core profile of Barium! Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45 77 • Figure 34 Down core profile of Chromium! Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45 78 • • Figure 35 Down core profile of Manganese/ Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45 79 • Figure 36 Down core profile of Nickell Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45 80 • • • • • •

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INTRODUCTION

As part of the Continental Margins Program many cores have been collected as part of

the light hydrocarbon surface geochemistry program and offshore exploration for

hydrocarbons. In an effort to systematically understand the controls on the chemical

compositions of the sediments of the Australian continental margin, several of these

cores have been analysed for a variety of other chemical components. This Record

documents analyses conducted on several cores collected from the Southern Australian

Continental Margin, specifically the surficial sediments of the Otway Basin, during

BMR Survey 67 off South Australia, Victoria and West Tasmania. The locations of the

cores collected are shown in (Figure 1) and summarised in Table I. The light

hydrocarbon geochemistry conducted on these cores has been summarised elsewhere

(Exon and Lee, 1987; Exon and others, 1992) as have sedimentological analyses (Exon

and others, 1989).

The objectives of the analyses on the cores reported here include (i) to contribute to the

geochemical inventory for analysis of potential climatic change on the southern margin

of Australia, particularly that area underlying the Sub-Tropical Convergence Zone

(STCZ), a global oceanographic feature which circles the globe and which impinges

onto the southern margin of Australia; (ii) to provide an inventory of the chemical

compositions of sediment which may be used to identify and assess environmental

impact and anthropogenic additions to the continental shelves and slopes of Southern

Australia; and (iii) to document the solid phase inventories of biogenic and terrigenous

materials in sediments of these areas with application to offshore mineral occurrences

on the outer shelf and upper slope e.g. marine phosphorites and, on the lower slope and

adjacent abyssal plain e.g marine manganese nodules and crusts. The analyses

conducted on cores reported here include (i) major and minor element contents of

sediments (ii) pore water metabolites as indicators of diagenetic processes ins sediments

and their application to identifying marine mineral formations and assessing climatic

change (iii) radiochemical contents of sediments as indicators of climatic change and

determinations of sedimentation rates on the continental margins. These analyses are

summarised in Table 2

The purpose of this Record is to assemble the data from an area, such that it can be

utilised for additional analysis, and the data reported here is similar in format to those

data assembled from Northeast and Western Australia. Hence, together these records

provide an important data set to compare and contrast geochemical inventories and

processes from different sectors of the outer shelf and lower slopes of Australia.


2

To assist with a general overview of the geochemical properties of these sediments, a

number of plots have been produced. These plots include down-core profIles of the pore

water metabolites and should be viewed in the context of a systematic distribution of

sedimentary metabolites described by Froelich and others (1979). The data from

Froelich and others (1979) were collected from the deep-water parts of the Atlantic

Ocean in areas of moderate to high organic matter productivity which are appropriate for

study of continental margin sediments. These Atlantic down-core trends in the pore

water profiles can be used as a guide for interpreting the down-core profiles of pore

water data from Southern Australia.

To provide a preliminary perspective on controls on the chemical composition of

sediments from this area (and to easily compare the chemical composition of these

sediments with others) a variety of cross-plots have been assembled. Because alumino

silicate phases, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides are major phases for the transport of

trace elements in the sea, these plots include Al203 versus all other elements analysed

for, Fe203 versus all elements analysed for and Mn02 versus all elements analysed for.

As a prelude to detailed palaeochemcial studies of the southern margin, several elements

that may be indicative of biogenic and terrigenous sedimentation have been normalised

to aluminium abundances, and these were plotted with depth (time) in the sediments. In

addition, select elements, which are also potentially indicative of biogenic and

terrigenous sedimentation and proxy indicators of depositional environment, have been

plotted as a function of water depth to provide a spatial perspective on sedimentation

processes on this part of the southern margin. These data will provide a direct

comparison to those collected from BMR Survey 102 to the western southern margin of

Australia (Feary and others, 1993)

The radiochemical properties of these sediments have been assembled to investigate

uranium series geochemistry as proxy indicators of sedimentation processes and to

determine sedimentation rates. The radiochemical analyses were conducted at Flinders

University of South Australia and at this time an Honours student is working on these

data.

This Record complements a large suite of sedimentological and other data assembled as

part of this survey (Exon and Lee, 1987; Exon and others, 1989; and Exon and others,

1992).


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KILOMETRES

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FILE' OTWAT8ASIN C"T.~IC ~REPARED BT' JENNIFER L LANE DATE. IS OCTOBER 1993

Figure 1. Location of cores collected from the southern Australian Continental Margin


146 00 DOE

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Table 2 Summary ot analyses performed on the cores collected offshore southern Australian

SUrvey Core Total samples Pore Solid Phase Radiochemistry CaC03 Organic carbon OpalUne Silica Analysed Water Majors Trace (%) (%) (%)

67 GCOl 13 13 12 12 67 GC02 7 7 67 GC03 14 14

~ 67 GC07 16 15 16 16

~ 67 GCl2A 15 15 16 16 15 15 15 12

f 67 GC16 14 14 14 14 67 GC18 7 7 6 6

~ 67 GC29 11 11 11 11 o· 67 GC37 11 11 11* 11 ~.

67 GC45 16 15 16 16 15 15 15 14 l!!-

i 67 GC48 9 9 9 9

'< Q

1-r;r. 8

• Radiochemistry data for core 67GC037 to be added once the analyses have been completed by The Flinders University of South Australia

.... ~

..

6

METHODS

Pore Water

The methods used to analyse the pore water compositions were similar to those

described in Heggie and others (1987); Heggie and others (1990). The pore water

samples were analysed for nitrate, manganese, total carbon dioxide and silicate.

Sediment cores were split and one-half of the core was sampled for pore water

metabolites. Sections of approximately 3 cm of sediment were loaded into centrifuge

tubes as soon as the core was split in the laboratory on the ship. Samples were collected

at about 10 cm intervals in the top section of core, but at 20 cm intervals in the deeper

sections of cores. Pore waters were separated from the sediments by centrifuging at 15,

000 rpm for about 10 minutes. Pore waters were siphoned off and filtered through

precleaned 0.45 Nuclepore fIlters and analysed for ammonia and manganese at sea using

colorimetric methods. Nitrate and silicate were analysed at the Australian Institute of

Marine Science using standard Technicon Autoanalyzer methods. Total carbon dioxide

was analysed at the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) laboratories

using a OIC (Oceanography International Corporation) carbon analyser. Approximately

1 ml of pore water was acidified with phosphoric acid and the liberated carbon dioxide

measured with an infra red detector. Because of the limited volumes of pore water

available, these analyses were conducted only on select cores.

Major and Minor Element Compositions

Major and trace element analyses were measured by x-ray fluorescence at AGSO with

methods modified from those presented in Cruikshank: and Pyke (1993).

Radiochemistry

Selected sediments from the Otway Basin were analysed for their radiochemical

properties in order to determine sediment accumulation rates. The radiochemical analyses, percent calcium carbonate, organic carbon and percent opaline silica were

carried out by Herb Veeh at Flinders University South Australia. The uranium-series

data were obtained by alpha spectrometry at Flinders University as described by Veeh

and others (in preparation). Briefly, the samples were dissolved and a calibrated

228Th/232U tracer was added. Uranium and thorium isotopes were then separated by a

series of ion exchange chromatography in HCI and HN03 media. Uranium was further

purified by solvent extraction (MIBK) and removal of Fe by di-isopropyl ether

extraction. The uranium and thorium isotopes were electroplated onto stainless steel


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7

disks from a NH4CI solution, and isotope ratios between sample and tracer determined

by alpha counting on a Canberra-Packard Quad Alpha multiple input system linked to a

PC with dedicated software. The one-sigma counting statistics yield precisi011 s of ±3%

and ±7% for the uranium and thorium concentrations, respectively.

CaC03 and Organic Carbon

Calcium carbonate and organic carbon were determined by sequential colorimetric

titration (Engleman and others, 1985) of the C02 released upon acidification of the

finely ground sediments with phosphoric acid (to determine the CaC03 component),

and upon oxidation with dichromate/sulphuric acid (to determine the organic carbon

component), using an adaptation of the method described in Weliky and others (1983).

Opaline Silica

Biogenic opal was determined by selective extraction of silica into a Na2C03 solution

under controlled conditions as described by Mortlock and Froelich (1989), and

measuring the dissolved silica concentration in the Na2C03 solution by molybdate-blue

spectrophotometry (Stickland and Parson, 1968).

©AustraIian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Pore Water Geochemistry

The assemblage of pore water data for eight cores from the Otway Basin are

summarised in Tables 3-13. The down-core profiles for carbon dioxide, ammonia,

silicate, manganese (pore water) and manganese (solid phase) are presented in Figures

3-13. The plots have not generally been interpreted in detail, but a systematic approach

to assist in the interpretation of these plots is shown in the equations below, with the

corresponding predicted down-core metabolite profiles below (Froelich and others,

1979) schematically represented in Figure 2.

Organic Matter destruction in Sediments (modified from Froelich and others,

1979)

(1) Oxygen reduction

106(CH20)16(NH3)+(H3P04)+13802 -7 106C02+16(NH3)+H3P04+122H20

(2) Nitrate Reduction

106(CH20)16(NH3)+(H3P04)+94HN03 -7 106C02+55.2N2+H3P04+177H20

(3) Manganese Reduction

106(CH20) 16(NH3)+(H3P04)+236Mn02+472H+-7236Mn2++ 1 06C02+

8N2H3P04+366H20

(4) Ferric iron reduction

106(CH20) 16(NH3)(H3P04)+424FeOOH+848H+-7424Fe2++106C02+16(N H3)+

H3P04+ 742H20

(5) Sulphate reduction

106(CH20)16(NH3)+(H3P04)+53S042- -753S2+106C02+16(NH3)+H3P04+106H20

(6) Methanogenesis

106(CH20)16(NH3)+(H3P04) -7 53C02+53CH4+16(NH3)+H3P04


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9

Inspection ofthe data (Tables 3-13) and Figures 3-13 indicates the following features of

the pore water data. In that suite of cores from the western survey area off South

Australia, ammonia rises rapidly in the pore waters to concentrations in excess of typical

bottom water concentrations, to >50 J.lmolell in near-surface sediments. This is

indicative of anoxic sediments and the onset of sulphate reduction. Pore water

manganese is low and the inventory of manganese in sediments is about 50 ppm. With

increasing water depth ammonia is low in surface sediments (indicating sub-oxic to oxic

near surface sediments) but increases with increasing sediment depth. These results

suggest a lower burial rate of organic carbon into these sediments as compared to those

in shallower water (Figs. 3-5).

In those cores collected directly to the west of Portland (67GC07 through 67GC12; Figs.

6 through 8) a similar trend is observed in the pore water ammonia profiles i.e.,

interfacial ammonia concentrations are highest in shallow-water cores and lowest in

deep-water cores. Pore water ammonia and total C02 increase with increasing depth in

the sediment and this is indicative of increasing sulphate reduction. There is evidence of

remobilisation of manganese through the pore fluids and a core-top enrichment of solid

phase manganese in the deeper cores. In some cores pore water silicate rises above

bottom-water concentrations with increasing depth in the sediment to a maximum

concentration and subsequently decreases. These data suggest uptake on sedimentary

phases and are perhaps indicative of glauconite formation. Similar results were found on

the east Australian continental margin in an area where marine phosphorites are

presently forming (O'Brien and Heggie, 1990)

Similar general comments apply to those data collected near King Island (67GC029,

037; Figs 10 and 11) and those off West Tasmania (67GC045, 048; Figs 12 and 13) and

there is a significant enrichment in the core-top manganese inventory in the deep-water

sediments off West Tasmania.


-c w (J)

Z -::t: I-0. W C

10

: ~PORE WATER CONCEN"TRATI·ON OXYGEN REDUCTION NITRATE REDUCTION

] MANG"ANESE REDUCTION

IRON REDUCTION

... SULPHATE REDUCTION

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OF770-1 •

• Figure 2 Schematic representation of trends in pore water profiles (After Froelich, I. 1979)


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•• • 11

• Table 3 Pore water results for core 67GCOl

• Survey Core Oepth NH3 Mn

• (cm) (umol/l) (umol/l)

• 67 GeOl BW O· 0.1 GeOl 0-3 40.3 0.7 • GeOl 10-13 61

• GCOl 20-23 58.6 0.7 GCOl 30-33 59.6 0.8

• GeOl 70-73 48.7 1.1 GCOl 90-93 55.3 0.8

• GCOl 110-113 51.9 0.5 GCOl 130-133 55.1 0.5 • GCOl 150-153 65.6 0.5

• GCOl 170-173 63.5 0.4 GCOl 190-193 69.8 0.4

• GCOl 210-213 70.4 0.3

• Table 4 Pore water results for core 67GC02

• Survey Core Depth NH3 Mn • (em) (umol/I) (umol/I)

• 67 GC02 0-3 2.6 0.3

• GC02 6-9 . 11.5 1.8 GC02 12-15 25.8 2.7

• GC02 18-21 35.6 4.6 GC02 28-31 39.6 5

• GC02 34-37 58.5 3.8 GC02 46-49 72.7 2.9

• • Table 5 Pore water results for eore 67GC03

• Survey Core Depth NH3 Mn

• (em) (umol/l) (umol/I)

• 67 GC03 0-3 2 0.4 GC03 9-12 16.2 2.2

• GC03 20-23 29.7 3 GC03 30-33 41.6 4.7 • GC03 40-43 51.9 6.2 GC03 50-53 54.7 4.5 • GC03 60-63 61.5 6.5

• GC03 70-73 77.2 5.3 GC03 90-93 82.3 6.7

• GC03 110-113 87.7 1.5 GC03 130-133 119.4 2.9

• GC03 150-153 122.4 3.2 GC03 170-173 142.8 2.7

• GC03 190-193 132.6 2.7

• • ©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

12 • • Table 6 Pore water results for core 67GC07 •

Survey Core Depth 5102 NH3 Mn CO2 • (em) (umol/l) (umol/l) (umol/l) (mmol/l) •

67 GC07 0-3 326 2.5 0.1 2.049 • GC07 6-9 301 2 0.3 GCO? 12-15 303 2.2 0.3 2.159 • GCO? 20-23 303 2.3 0.5 2.153 • GCO? 30-33 28? 3.2 1.7 2.258 GCO? 40-43 315 2.6 1.9 • GC07 50-53 271 1.8 3 2.253 GC07 60-63 229 2.6 3.9 2.003 • GCO? 80-83 202 3.8 8.8 2.173 GC07 100-103 5.5 9.1 • GC07 120-123 6.5 10.5 GC07 140-143 163 8.6 13.6 2.459 • GC07 160-163 133 8.6 GC07 180-183 9.2 18.2 • GC07 200-203 130 10.3 22.1 2.043 •

Table 7 Pore water results for core 67GC12A • • Survey Core Depth Si02 NH3 Mn CO2

(em) (umol/I) (umol/l) (umol/I) (mmol/I) • 67 GCl2A 0-3 271 3.1 0.2 2.322 • GCl2A 7-11 339 1.5 <0.1 2.243 • GCl2A 15-19 341 3.7 8.6 1.985

GCl2A 30-33 365 9.7 20.7 2.044 • GCl2A 40-43 309 13.4 22.2 2.139 GCl2A 50-53 16.6 19.9 • GCl2A 60-63 292 19.7 17.6 2.219 GCl2A 70-73 276 23.5 17.3 2.216 • GCl2A 80-83 228 26.4 2.14 GCl2A 90-93 271 27.4 70.6 2.255 • GCl2A 110-113 243 30.4 19.1 2.449 • 'GCl2A 130-133 236 30.4 21.2 2.59 GCl2A 150-153 258 18.4 21.6 2.137 • GCl2A 170-173 221 44.S 19.9 GCl2A 191.50 211 1.449 • • • • • • • • ©AustraIian Geological Survey Organisation 1993 •

• • 13

• Table 8 Pore water results for core 67GC16

• Survey Core Depth Si02 NH3 Mn CO2

• (em) (umol/l) (umol/l) (umol/l) (mmol/l)

• 67 GC16 0-3 274 8 4.4 2.006

• GC16 6-9 296 19.5 8.5 2.075 GC16 12-15 407 20.9 4.3 2.133

• GC16 20-23 29 5.4 2.332 GC16 30-33 433 36.9 3.5 2.254

• GC16 40-43 405 46.6 4.9 2.5 GC16 50-53 325 2.202

• GC16 60-63 469 58.1 5 GC16 70-73 404 68.6 6.6 2.808 • GC16 90-93 354 80.6 8.7 3.1

• GC16 110-113 296 98.4 8.6 3.486 GC16 130-133 297 98.9 5.1 3.908

• GC16 150-153 282 107.6 GC16 166-169 266 157 4.8 4.271

• • Table 9 Pore water results for eore 67GC18

• Survey Core Depth Si02 NH3 Mn CO2

• (em) (umol/l) (umol/l) (umol/l) (mmoljl)

• 67 GC18 0-3 313 62.4 10.7 2.483 GC18 10-13 513 101.2 1.3 2.983

• GC18 30-33 169 2.173 GC18 40-43 746 257.6 1.3 5.629

• GCl8 70-73 877 350.8 2 6.507 GC18 130-133 846 538.8 1.9 9.043 • GC18 160-163 1040 605.6 3 10.942

• • Table 10 Pore wate( results for core 67GC29

• Survey Core Depth Si02 NH3 Mn CO2 (em) (umolJ1) (umol/I) (umol/I) (mmol/I)

• 67 GC29 0-3 22.7 1.1 • GC29 10-13 190 37.1 5.8 2.244 GC29 31-33 183 44.1 4.2 2.445 • GC29 50-53 174 53.1 1.4 2.427

• GC29 70-73 190 58 0.6 2.529 GC29 90-93 229 65.9 0.7 2.661

• GC29 110-113 200 65.6 0.4 2.451 GC29 130-133 208 80.6 0.3 2.533

• GC29 150-153 181 82.4 0.4 2.458 GC29 170-173 198 97.3 0.3 2.61

• GC29 190-193 238 94 0.3 2.669

• • • ©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

• 14 • Table 11 Pore water results for core 67GC37 . •

Suwey Core Depth 5102 NH3 Mn CO2 • (em) (umol/l) (umol/l) (umol/l) (mmol/l) • 67 GC37 0-3 197 2.2 0.1 1.928 •

10-13 228 2.9 0.2 2.129 • 30-33 246 16.4 7.2 2.213 50-53 234 36.7 7.7 2.432 • 70-73 250 48.4 7.3 2.432 90-93 244 56.9 7.4 2.628 • 110-113 264 76.1 8.4 2.763

130-133 282. 84.1 7.9 2.942 • 150-153 292 92.5 8.9 2.623 170-173 275 93 9.5 3.05 • 190-193 97.5 10.8 •

Table 12 Pore water results for core 67GC45 • Survey Core Depth 5102 NH3 Mn CO2 • (em) (umol/l) (umol/l) (umol/I) (mmol/l) •

67 GC45 0-3 219 0.8 0.2 1.993 • GC45 6-9 253 1.4 0.3 2.209 GC45 14-17 251 <0.5 1.9 2.237 • GC45 20-23 244 1.5 3.9 2.167 GC45 30-33 226 6.2 5.1 1.685 • GC45 40-43 263 7.9 6.6 1.964 GC45 50-53 278 14.4 7.6 2.162 • GC45 60-63 251 17.5 7.9 2.034 GC45 70-73 258 18 10 2.197 • GC45 90-93 268 26.4 11.3 2.315 GC45 110-113 270 35.2 11.5 2.471 • GC45 130-133 254 33.2 12.7 2.517 GC45 150-153 251 35.9 14.3 2.491 • GC45 170-173 240 42.6 15.3 1.988 GC45 190-193 222 1.999 • • Table 13 Pore water results for core 67GC48 • Survey Core Depth 5102 NH3 Mn CO2

(em) (umol/l) (umol/I) (umol/l) (mmol/I) • • 67 GC48 0-3 117 18.8 0.3 2.114 • GC48 10-13 119 25.2 7.3 2.082 GC48 30-33 185 30.3 1.5 2.146 • GC48 SO-53 168 33.6 1 2.051 GC48 70-73 195 33.5 0.9 2.07 • GC48 100-103 153 25 0.8 1.654 GC48 120-123 151 29.6 0.7 2.008 • GC48 140-143 157 27.2 0.6 2.067 GC48 160-163 156 23.6 0.6 1.999 • • ©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993 •

III lj' lj, li "' u. II' (,' i, t,' tI t. ij 0 (j (I (i. (ii 1.1) ~j U til (j. 'ij~ ZJ; ~ij (lJ (1; {j; (I.I (j) (J) Wi;

0 110

0 I:!I I:!I C!I

I:!I

@ 100 I:!I

~ I!I

I;' [!J

~ D.ptll (ca) [!J

~ I!I

200 I:!I

0 ~. I:!I

e.

i '< Q

OQ SOO

~. § .... \C

~ 0 100 200

0 -k1- I )

I!I I!I I:!I

100 -l [!J

C!I

I:!I

O.plll (ca) l C!I

[!J

200 l I!I

C!I

300

NH3 (umoIJI) VI depth (em). 87GC01

HH3 (umoIJI) 220 330 440

Un (sp)(ppm) VI depth (em). 67GC01

Un (Ip)(ppm) 300 400 500 1100 700 eoo . I I I I I I I I

550

800 1000

I

Mn (pw) (umolJI) vs depth (em). 87GCOl lin (pw)(uIDDIJI)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 80.0 70.0

0

100

O.plh (cm)

200

300

Figure 3. Down-core profiles of NH3 (Jlmolll), Mn-pore water (Jlmolll) and Mn-solid

phase (ppm) for core 67GCO 1

...... VI

0

0 t 10

@

~ I l!I

~ 20 -' I!l

~

~ Dt~ (e.) -

0 SO -' I!I

~. e. "1 (!j

i 40

S( CJ<l I!I

~. 50

j:T.

§ ...... \() \() w

110

NH3 (umol/I) VI depth (em), 87GC02

HH3 (urnolJI)

Mn (pw) (umol/I) VI depth(em), 87GC02

220

i

330

i

440

1

550

i

o 10

,:r [!J

20 -I I!I

Depth (em) -

30 I!I

I!I

40

m 50

20

i

Figure 4. Down-core profiles of NH3 (Jlmolll) and Mn-pore water (J.1ffiOl/l) for core

67GC02

Un (pw)(umolJI) 30 40 50

I'

80

I

70

I

..... (j\

(II (1) m m (1) m (f) (J) (J) m (J) rl) (I) (1) r1) m (f) (I) I;') (11 m 1'1) (f) (~ (!) (1, i'" ('J if') (f") It:) (!'I (~ I!~

lii lil l • .l \.) ~I \.1 (.) (.) i.1 {.I i. 1 (.I (.) u l ~.I l.1 ta' l.1 (il) (.) (.) (.) {-Ii) I.) (il) (il) (.1 lill (.) (.) (~ ~) 1.1 l.-cJ

~ Iii

f. ~ o

1 J '< !(

1-8 ~

0

0 ~ s

I!I Ii

S I!I I!I

I!I

D.pdl (: ~ s

I!I

200

NH3 (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC03

NH3 (umol/l)

110 220 . 330 440 l-----, . I

I!I

8

8

Ii

550

-.l 0 10

0 4 I iii I!I

I!I 8

I!I I!I

S

Depth (em) ~ I!I

1DD S

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I 2DD

Figure 5. Down-core profiles of NH3 (J.lffioVl) and Mn-pore water (J.lffioVl) for core

67GC03

Un (pw)(umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC03

lin (pw)(umol/l)

20 30

-.l

40

I

50

I

80

-.l

70

..... -.I

~ Iii

f. [ o ~. I!!.

J '< !(

1 8 ~

100

o

[!I

100 -

[!I .,.,.. lcal

/I

200 ---i II

aoo

0

0

100 1 0.,111 Ie.)

200 ---i

SOD

5102 (umol/I) VI depth (em), 87BC07 NHS (umolJl) VI depth (em). 87GC07

350

m"'-Ii

I!I II

I!I

SI02 (umol/l) 800 850

C02 (mmolll) VI d.pth (em). 87GC07 C02 (mmol,l)

5 10

fr'

fiI I!I

I!I II

II

I!I

I!I

NHS (umol/l)

1100 0 110 220

0

100

l!I D.pth (em) l!I

[!I

200

1" 300

16

Figure 6a. Down-core profiles of Si02 (J.lmolll), NH3 (J.lffiolll) and C02 (mmolll) for

core 67GC07

330 440 550

-00

m m m m m m ~ m m m m ~ ~ m m m m m ~ m ~ ~ m ro ~ m ~ ~ ~ (~ ~ m ~ ~

li) \i) \i,) 'IJiI \~\ \ • .1 I.) Iii) 1 • .1 I.) I.) i.) I.) IJI{.I 1.1 ;.1 '.) 1.1 1.1 <.1 \. ,.1 i.l I.i (.) '\ .. v (.' i.) 1.1 {.y (.)

@

~ ~ §

~ 0

<a. n e.

i '< Q

oq

~. ~ § ..... \0

l£

o

100

D.plll (e_)

200

SOD

o 10

Is

-

-

III S I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

Un (pw) (umoUl) VI depth (em), B7GeD7

20

I!I

Un (pw)(umol/I) 30 40 50 80 10

0

0

100 -

Depth (em) -

200 -I!I

300

100

I!I I!I

l!l l!l

l!l

I!I

l!l

I!l

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

Mn (ap) (ppm) VI depth (em), 87GC07

loin (Ip)(ppm)

200 300 400 500 800 700 800 100 1000

,1 , I , I '(!t I

I!l m

I!l

Figure ,6b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (J..lmoUl) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC07

'.) 1 . .;1

..-. \D

~ bi

f. ~ o

i f '<

9 ~. 8 ~

o

D.,III , •• , ..

200

o

D.,... (c.,

100

200

100

o

-

SI02 (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC012A SI02 'u •• I/I)

zoo 100 400 500 .00 700 .00 .00 1000 1100 1200

I ~L I . I ,I I

I!I I!I

1!1 I!I

I!I I!I

1!1 iii

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

1!1

C02 (mmol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC012A

iii

I!r 1!1

I!I

I!I 1!1

l!l 1!1

1!1 1!1

1!1

I!I

I!I

5

I

C02 , ••• 1/1) 10

I

15

a

D.plh (ell,

100

200

NH3 (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC012A HHI (uaol/II

220 310 440

I

550

I

Figure 7a. Down-core profiles of Si02 O.lmoVl), NH3 (~moVl) and C02 (mmoVl) for

core 67GC12A

~

~. ffi m m ~, ~, (!) (f) (f) (J) (f) (J) ~ ill (f) (f) (f) (J.) I(() ro ~ (~ I~ (~ (~ (-":) i~ (~ (p') (':1\ ((I) ,s:,\ 1-:\ ,.\

Lil

@

~

i ~ o

~ r '<

2 ~. 8 ~

iii \jl 1~1

o

o ~

-

Deft' (e.)

100 -

200

,.'

10

l!I

, I \ jj, 1. 1 ~lil \.,1 \.,1 i. ' i. ' i. 1 (.' , I I. J.I j.' \.' \.i I.' ii.' ". ~ \. {li J.)

'. !

i.1 ;.1 , { ..

Un (pw)(umol/I) vs depth (em), 67GC012A

... (p.)(uliol/l)

Mn (sp) (ppm) versus depth (em), 67GC012A

20 30

I!l I!l

I!l

40 50

I

80 70

0

0 100 200

I!l I!l

I!l -I • I!l

I!l I!l I!l

l!I III I!l 100 -l

III

I!l III

!!I Depth (em) 1

I!l

200 1 III I!I

!!I I!l

I!l

300

Figure 7b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (JlmoVI) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC12A

Un (Ip)(ppm) 300 400 500 800 700

I 1 I I(!/ 1 I 1

III

;~! " .. } I,,' \.~) i'l;l)

800 900 1000

I 1 I I ~

N >-'

@

~

f ~ o

l j 9 ~. g ~

•

o.paa (UI)

WI

zoo

•

D.''' (ca)

'00

zoo

100 200 300

'!!II I!I

..

SI02 (ullol/I) VI dlplh (em). 87GC018

1102 (uaolJl)

400 500 100 700 100

I

I!I

I!I I!I

lOa

!!I

•

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

T I!I E!I

I!I 4 I!I

I!I

I!I

I!l

I!I I!I

Ii

C02 (111110111) VI dlpth (em), 87GC018

coz (aaol/l)

I!J

l!I

5

L

10

1000 1100 1200

15

NH3 (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC018

NHI (uliol/l! 220 330

I

200

440

.-l 660

Figure 8a. Down-core profiles of Si02 (J.lmollI), NH3 (J.lmollI) and C02 (mmoJ/l) for

core 67GC16

f! i m m ~~ 11,! (!) m (J) ~ (I) I~ (I) m (l) (!) (!j (!j {!\ ,'II {I\ ~ .... ~ ~ ~.,

IV IV

\l) \il IiI

~ Iii

f. ~ t J '<

i ;. =: B

~

I

.,.,... CUll ..

all

\1\ la' l.d 11\ II) til II') Ii) (jl .liI) {jl t.,) III) i.II.,) t.1 ilil ~i.) Ii) ilil ~"I I.J i.1 i.J 1.1 J.I 1.1 i.i iaJ i .. ,;

I 10

... I!I

..1 !!I

I!I I!I

III

iii I!I

I!I

iii

I!I

-iii

Un (p.)(uIDDIII) VI deplh (em). 1176C018

II, C,-lIu •• UII 20 II 40 10 10 10

i a

D.plh COli' tOO

100

a tOO 200

!!II I iii I!I iii !!I

iii I!I

iii I!l

iii

iii

I!I

iii

!!I

Figure 8b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (J,1moUl) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC16

lin (.p)(ppm) VI deplh (em). 876C018

lin ',pll"II' lao 400 lao lao 700 lao 100 1000

I I I I I

t...l I..J.l

(,g}

\

SI02 (umol/I) VI d.plh (em). 87GC018 NH3 (umol/I) VI deplh (em). 87GC018

1102 (ulioUI) NH3 (umoljl) 100 200" 300 400 100 lOa 700 100 laD 1000 noD 1200 110 220 330 440 550

0 . I I II!! I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I{!J .L

I!l f!J

I!I I!I

I f!J

~"': ~ l!l

I!l @

~ Dtplh (cm) ,:r

100 ~ ~

l!l

~ l I!l 0 ~. I!l

~ N fE.. ~ [

200 '<

~ 200

1 C02 (111101/1) VI dlplh (em). 87GC018

§ • C02 ,aaol/II 10 11 ....

\0 ~ \0 • ~

I!l

I!! l!l

I!l Figure 9a. Down-core profiles of Si02 (Jlmolll), NH3 (Jlmolll) and C02 (mmolll) for ~"' .. , ~ core 67GC18

100

I!l

I!l

200

fr) m m f!) m f1I I'J) (J) (J) (J) rJ) r1) r1) m m m m m m m m if) m (f\ m m (f'I rt'l. m (f'I if'< m, m ~

Ijl \jl " .. I ~JI -lit'

0

• [jj

@ .I!1

~ !

If!!

~I··' ~ 100

~ 0 II!! ~. e!..

i I 13

'< !( 2M

1-§ .... :g c:.l

~.' (.' IW I (111 1 I~,I 1.1 ~IIII i~1 tlil t.,1 \lil <. {.,I 1.1 i.' {.' i.1 i.' i.,' i.1 ';.1 i.) ,.,1 ;.' , .. I 1 .. 1 W

10

I!!

loin (pw)(umol/I) VI d.pth (em). 87GC01S loin (Ip)(ppm) v. depth (em). 67GC01S

20

I

II. (,wll ••• I/11 lin (,pllpp",

ao 40 10 10 70 0 100 200 aDO 400

__ • ___ L I I I.J I (!J

l !!l

!!l

100

D.plh (e.,

200 ~

!!l

iii

aDO

Figure 9b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (llmolll) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC 18

500

I

100 700

I

.00 100 1000

(.'; I,.)

tv Vt

SI02 (ullolJl) VI deplh (em). 870C0211

1102 ' •• 01/1, NH3 (umol/l) VI deplh (em). 870C028

lOa aaa lao 400 100 .00 700 100 100 1000 1100 1200 NH3 ( •• 01/1,

I I I I I I I I

I

0 110 220 310 440 550 a

~ ! I ! I . I I I I I I I I

ro·o iii 0

l!I

II

~ I!I DeJIII , •• , iii Iii iii Deplh (.11'

f-100 I!I

I!I 100

iii

~ iii

00 0 I!I ~!

1 iii e. I!I tv r 00' 0\ I!I

IDO I!I '< 200 i

~. C02 ( .... 01/11 " deplh '(cml. 870C021

8 C02 ' •• 01/11 .... I 10 II

~ 0

• I

l!I

l!I

I!I

iii Figure lOa. Down-core profiles of Si02 (J.1.molll), NH3 (J.1.molll) aI)d C02 (mmolll) for

De,~:' ~ I!I core 67GC29

iii

iii

I!I

I!I

I!I aoo

ffl m m m (}) (]) m (J) (f) (1'1 (1'1 IJl (I) m (I) (I) If) (I") IT) ((1 fl\ (!l (~l \!'~ ~

(I) (1, (~, (t\ III (11 (\' <\' ", (~

li' lil t. 1 ~I '--

0 10

0 ~ I!I

I!I

I!I @

~ I:f

~(c.) t 100

~ 0

~. e.

J iJ '<

~ 2 ~. ~

200 Q: g .... :g w

~,I ,.1 ~~I I,: I '.' i "I '.' l.a l \J,I {.I

Un (pw)(umol[l) VI depth (em). 87GC028

lin (p.) ('.01/1)

(J' ,-ii' t. 1 \J ~.I (.i '~J I ,~ \.J \. '. (.1 '. '!oil 'iii " .. ' '.)

loin (ap) (ppm) VI depth (em). 67GC029

lin (Ip) (PPID)

w ~

20 30 40 50 eo 70 200 300 400 500 eoo 700 800 100 1000

I 1

Figure lOb. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (J.lmol/l) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC29

I L I I J I I

( .. J

t--> -..l

(.wi

8102 (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC037 NH3 (umol/I) v. depth (em). 87GC037 SI02 (u.ol/l)

100 200 loa 400 500 lao 700 100 100 1000 1100 1200 NHI (um.I/I)

0 110 220 110 440 550

• I!!

I!I I!l

!!l W

I!I !!l

0.,111 (ca)

I Daplh (c.)

E!I I!l 100 100

E!I I!l

~ l!I W Iii

f. 1

E!I --j III

~ l!I III

I!I 0 ~. 200 200

e!..

i Un (pw) (umol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC037 C02 (mmoIJI) vs depth (em). 87GC037

III (,.) (u.ol/I) e02 (mllol/I) tv '< 70 10 15 00

~ 0 \0 20 so 40 50 eo

QQ 0 ~

(!I'

~. I!l

Il:

~ !!l

8 E!I

......

1 I!l ~ E!I

I!I I!l

o.~:) J Oaplh (elll)

l!I III 100

I!I

I III

iii I!l

I!I 1 I!l

I!I I!l

l!I ---1

200 200

Figure 11. Down-core profiles of Si02 (J.lmolll), NH3 (llmolll), Mn-pore water

(llmolll) and C02 (mmolll) for core 67GC37

m -n ''0 -'0 11' ~_\ '1'l rf' 'l~ (~~ (lr, ,1' Ifr m ,1': ((l (n ('1 III (!I (!) (,....~, (\J)I (!I; ~ (11, i'f'! ~ ~ i~ I~" (!': \~1,\

c~ 'I ,!:,

~)

~ Iii

f ~ o ~. !.

r '<

~ ~. I=T. g .... ~

ljl l;,1

•

0.,0 ICII)

100

200

a

D.pl. ,e_)

100

200

lJl

\00

-

",il' l.,1 ~.I <JI ta,1 hi' I : I -.JJ t.'

SI02 (ulllol/l) VI depth (em). 87GC045

SI02 '._01/1)

i'a I ~' til"

200 aoo 400 lOa lOa 700 100 lOa 1000 1100 1200

Jr-I .t L L-.-l .. --,_L_J __ I _---'---~L __ L _L_.t I!I

I I!I

I!I I!I

iii I!I

I!I

.I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

C02 (mmol/I) VI depth (em). 87GC045

C02 , __ "1,1)

15

iJi I ~ ~,.I' c.) '(j! <'j

D.pth lell)

tOo

200

{Ji I

}. I!I I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

I!I

'.' { ..

100

i

'Ii) '. \iI,1 ; .• ,1 '.

NH3 (umol/I) VI depth (em), 87GC045

NHS IUllol,l)

200 300 400

<. '

500

i

\a; ''IJ'J

100

I

<."

Figure 12a. Down-core profiles of Si02 (IlmoUl), NH3 (IlmoUl) and C02 (mmoUl) for

core 67GC45

i'a)

~

@

~ 1=1'

~ ~ o

1 f '<

2 ~" 8 ..... ~

o

o.,.a Ce.,

IN

zoo

o \0

~ @lEi

@I

I!I I!l II

iii

I!I

@I

I!I

lin (ap) (ppm) VI depth (em). 67GC045

I!I

Un (pw) (umol/l) v. d.plh (em). 87GC045

lin (,.) {u.olJl)

20 10 40 " eo I

70 I

o

D.plh (ell)

100

100 200 300

I!I I!I

I!I I!I Ii]

I!I I!I

I!I

I!I

Ii]

I!I

iii I!I

I!I 200

Figure 12b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (Jlmolll) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC45

lin (.p) (pplD) 400 500 800 700

I I!J" I

l!l

eoo 100 1000

VJ o

(J! .rt> .tT/ rn r]1 ri)rj) fT) fT) fT) 'I) rJ) (1) m (J) III m (1\ (~ (I, 111 r~ (~) (~\ '};I (li ,!\ Il,\ (~\ (1\ I~\ ~1\. I~\ ',~I

III lJl lil ~JI (Ii ll" til i.1 ti' ui,1 la' 1. ' \il Ii' t;" jil' iii j., \.);.1 '(a (.) iJ' i., i.J i.) I.,! '.') ( .. ) <.J \.a} IV (¥i iv

@

~

f. ~ o

1: J ~ ;. g .... ~

a

0., .. , •• )

tOO

200

o

De, .. , •• )

tOO

200

SI02 (umol/I) v. depth (em). 870C048 SI02 (ullol/l)

100 200 100 400 500 800 700 100 100 1000 1100 1200

.~ r: -L '-_ t -L j i ~,-_l -L

I!I

I!l

I!l

-j I!l

I!l

I!l

I!I

C02 (mmol/I) VI d.pth (em). 87GC048

• C02 '11 •• 1/1) 10 15

-w-- I I!I

I!l

- I!I

I!I

!ll

I!I

Iil

I!I

4!J I!J

l!l

I!l

I!l Depth (ell)

100 -j I!I

I!l

I!I

l!l

200

NH3 (umol/I) va depth (em). 67GC048

HHS (ullol/l) 100 200 SOO 400

-L

500

-.l

eoo .1

Figure 13a. Down-core profiles of Si02 (IlmoVI), NH3 (IlmoVl) and C02 (mmoVI) for

core 67GC48

w ......

0 10

l!I

I!I

@ , ~ Ii ~ Del'" Ica) § 100

~ 0

~. e.

i '<

~

1-100

r:r. § .... \C \C W

Un (pw) (umolJl) VI depth (em). 67GC048 III IP.) IUllloUI)

10 ao 40 50 eo 70

I

Olplh lell)

Mn (sp) (ppm) vs depth (em). 87GC046 lin (Ip) (pplII)

100 200 300 400 500 eoo 700 eoo lOa 1000

1- I L_L_.

[!)

[!)

[!)

[!)

100 --j (!)

(!)

(!)

(!)

200

Figure 13b. Down-core profiles of Mn-pore water (Jlmol/l) and Mn-solid phase (ppm)

for core 67GC48

Ij.) l'J

fll IJ) (1) ,rJ) rJ) rJ) rJ) In)) rJ) ''0 ,', !) (0 ,J)ID '(I ,r, ,~) (~) ,~) ~ 1ft (:') I~) (lit I!I~ I!I) i") 1"-' I·~ I"' \'"\"'\

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

33

Solid phase major and trace element abundances

The major and minor element analyses performed on eight cores from the Otway Basin

are presented in Tables 15-22. The analytical methods used in determining the major

and minor elemental compositions of sediments are discussed in Cruikshank and Pyke

(1993).

A summary of the ranges of elemental concentrations are presented in Table 23. A

number of plots have been produced from these data to provide an easy and

preliminary perusal of the ranges of concentrations of most elements measured. Plots

have been constructed this way to provide an easy comparison of concentrations

between the different geographical areas and sedimentary regimes surveyed in the

Otway Basin during BMR Survey 67, and furthermore, with concentrations measured

from other parts of the Australian margin. These plots include Al203 versus all

elements (Appendix 1). Because iron oxyhydroxides (Fe203) and manganese

oxyhydroxides (Mn02) are major controls on trace element compositions in marine

sediments, several plots show iron as Fe203 with select major and trace elements

(Appendix 2) and plot manganese as Mn02 versus other select major and trace

elements (Appendix 3).

Several of the trace elements measured (cerium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel,

neodymium, lead, rubidium, strontium, vanadium, zinc and zirconium) show a positive

co-variance (although we have not statistically quantified the co-variance) with Al203,

and Fe203 indicating controls on their compositions probably by clay contents and , iron oxyhydroxides. In contrast, most elements when plotted with manganese indicate

two trends in the core-plots which suggest a primary depositional control on these

elements by manganese oxyhydroxides, but there are also trends which indicate high

manganese and no significant increases in other elements. This trend is indicative of a

significant remobilisation of manganese and fractionation from sedimentary particles.

To provide a preliminary investigation of oceanographic/geochemical processes

operating on this margin, the abundance of several elements has been normalised to the

aluminium abundance and plotted as a function of water depth. The

element/aluminium ratios are summarised in Table 14. The plots are summarised in

Figures 14 through 26. The elements chosen were those that exist in different oxidation

states in sea water and sediments (manganese, chromium and vanadium), those that are

scavenged or incorporated into biogenic matter as it settles through the water column,


34

including those mentioned above and copper, barium, zinc, strontium and phosphorous

and those that may be terrigenous indictors (titanium, silicon and rubidium). The plots

of these data versus water depth appear to fall into three different types, and not

according to the distinctions made above. Figures 14 through 18 indicate that

vanadium, chromium, phosphorous, silicon and strontium show high element

/aluminium ratios in the outer shelf/upper slope sediments (at depths<1000m) as

compared to the outer-slope/abyssal plain sediments. The strontium, total silicon (some

component of which is biogenic silica) and phosphorus suggest that high biogenic

inputs to these sediments are preserved in the solid phase. Vanadium and chromium

are also enriched, because in addition to deposition with biogenic debris their redox

chemistry supports an additional flux of metal from oxic bottom-water to sub-oxic or

anoxic sediments. These processes add a reduced component to the total metal

inventory in these sediments.

In contrast to these elements, barium, copper and manganese show significant

enrichments in lower-slope and abyssal plain sediments as compared to outer

shelf/upper slope sediments (Figs. 19 through 21). The reasons for these variations are

also probably related to the different chemistries of these elements in sediments, but

probably involves dissolution (or little preservation) in outer shelf/upper-slope

sediments and enrichment and preservation in lower-slope and abyssal plain sediments.

This process may be important for manganese because the low inventories of

manganese in the pore fluids and the generally low inventories in the solid phases in

the sub-oxic/anoxic outer-shelf/upper slope sediments, suggest manganese has been

dissolved from these sediments and re-deposited offshore. This process may be

important in explaining the abundance of manganese nodules and crusts found off

West Tasmania and the South Tasman Rise. While we can only speculate from these

data, the hypothesis presented here is testable if additional data can be obtained.

Zinc, nickel and germanium (Figs 22 through 24) show enrichments both in outer

shelf/upper-slope sediments (water depths <1000 m) and in abyssal plain depths (water

depths> 3000 m) compared to lower-slope cores. Rubidium and titanium show no

particular trends (Figs. 25 and 26).

The relative abundances of these elements (normalised to aluminium) in sediments from

the southern margins of South Australia, Victoria and West Tasmania are compared

with those from north-east Australia in Table 14 below.


e

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e·

• • • • •

J

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

I

35

Table 14. Comparison of element abundances in surface sediments between north

east and south east Australia (the water depth ranges reported are for the highest

ratios).

ELEMENT SOUTH EAST AUSTRALIA NORTH EAST AUSTRALIA

II Range II WDrange Range II WDrange

Phosphorus <0.1 <1000 <0.03 1000-2000

Silicon 2.0-6.0 <1500 2.0-5.0 <1000

Strontium 200-5000 <1000 500-3500 <1500

Chromium 10-45 <1500 2-18 500-1000

Vanadium 15-50 <500 10-16 <1500

Barium 0-600 >1500 25-350 1000-2000

Copper 2-25 >1500 3-35 1000-2000

Manganese 25-300 >2000 50-600 1000-2000

Zinc 10-20 <1000 5-40 1000-2000

Nickel 6-18 <1000 2-35 1000-2000

Titanium <0.1 >3000 <0.1 <1000


Table 15 MaJor and trace element analyses for core 67GC01

SoIvey Cote Sample Depth Sl02 n02 AI203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CoO Na20 K20 P205 S LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt"Io) (wt"Io) (wt"Io) (wt%) ~em)

67 Ge01 (}3 5.15 0.01 0.89 0.28 0.15 0.12 0 1.69 47.25 0.17 0.09 1500 43.35 Ge01 1(}13 5.49 0.01 0.91 0.3 0.12 0.16 0 1.79 47.24 1.01 0.18 0.08 1700 42.84 Ge01 2(}23 5.91 0.02 1.04 0.35 0.21 0.13 0 1.84 46.78 1.01 0.2 0.08 1700 42.62 Gem 30-33 6.49 0.02 1.25 0.39 0.23 0.14 0 1.93 46.38 1.03 0.23 0.08 1800 42.05 GeOl 50-53 6.41 0.03 1.17 0.43 0.24 0.17 0 1.98 46.3 0.97 0.25 0.08 2000 42.22 GeOl 9(}93 8.83 0.07 2.32 0.84 0.65 0.17 0 2.1 43.11 0.94 0.41 0.09 2600 41.04 Ge01 1I(}113 12.8 0.13 3.01 1.09 0.88 0.19 0 2.23 39.95 0.96 0.54 0.09 2800 38.94

@ GCOI 130-133 15.39 0.14 3.51 1.32 J.J 0.2 0 2.19 38.26 0.99 0.63 0.09 3100 37.2

~ GeOl 150-153 20.06 0.17 3.63 1.28 1.06 0.2 0 2.24 35,52 1.03 0.73 0.08 3100 34.98

f. GeOl 17(}173 20,08 0.19 4.36 1.57 1.33 '0.22 0 2.21 34.86 0.99 0.82 0.08 3300 34.53 GeOl 19(}193 19.15 0.21 4.53 1.67 1.44 0.21 0 2.2 35.19 1 0.81 0.08 3400 34.85 GeOl 21(}213 25.2 0.26 5.64 2.05 1.73 0.29 0 2.18 30.46 1.05 0.95 0.08 4300 31.72

~ 0

I f '< !(

1- I.>.>

8 0\

.... ~ w

•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Table 15 (conI)

Survey Core Sample Depth Ag As eo 81 Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Go HI La U Mn Mo Nb (em) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem)

67 GCOI G-3 I 2.5 57 3 10 <2 19 0 3 <1 <0.5 <2 10 6 38 6 <2 1G-13 I 2 43 <2 7 0 17 0 2 <I 0.5 <2 3 7 41 7 <2 2(}23 2 1.5 47 3 9 0 18 0 2 <I 0.5 <2 9 8 40 7 <2 3G-33 2 2.5 67 <2 <5 <2 18 0 3 2 <0.5 <2 11 8 45 7 2 5(}53 2 2.5 45 <2 9 <2 18 0 2 <I <0.5 <2 10 8 53 7 2 9().93 2 4 82 <2 12 <2 31 O· 4 4 0.5 <2 14 13 67 7 3

llG-1I3 2 5 66 <2 23 <2 32 0 2 3 I <2 15 16 82 7 3 13G-133 2 5.5 93 <2 21 <2 37 0 3 4 0.5 3 8 16 93 7 3 15G-153 2 5.5 93 <2 34 <2 36 0 4 .4 1 3 II 16 101 7 4

@ 17G-173 2 5 106 <2 28 <2 45 0 5 6 1 3 13 19 107 9 5

~ 1Q().193 2 4 109 2 29 <2 46 0 4 5 1.5 <2 16 21 109 9 4

f 21G-213 2 6 149 <2 30 <2 49 0 6 8 1.5 3 22 25 147 9 8

SUIv .... Core Sample Depth Nd NI Pb p, Rb Sc Se So Sr Ta Th U V W Y Zo Z,

~ (em) . (ppm) (ppm) (eem) (Ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (epm) (ppm) (epm) (ppm) (ppm) (eem) (eem) (ppm) (pem) (ppm) (eem) 0

8 13 0 I 16 <I 7 2218 3 <2 2 9 <3 6 9 29 ~. 67 GCOI G-3 10 !. IG-13 3 8 <2 0 2 23 d 5 2198 <2 <2 1.5 18 <3 6 9 34

i 2(}23 4 8 <2 0 3 13 d 6 2182 <2 <2 1.5 13 <3 7 9 35 3G-33 8 9 <2 0 5 21 <I 3 2178 <2 <2 2.5 18 <3 6 10 34'

'< 5(}53 6 10 5 0 5 20 d 5 2183 <2 <2 1.5 12 <3 6 9 39 Q 9().93 13 14 2 0 12 21 d 4 2224 <2 <2 1.5 26 <3 8 16 49 Vl

1-1IG-1I3 13 14 4 0 20 25 d 5 2081 <2 2 2 30 <3 10 19 66 -.J 13G-133 13 13 3 0 22 21 d 5 2022 3 3 3 29 <3 11 19 95 15G-153 5 13 4 0 26 26 d 5 1893 3 4 2.5 32 <3 12 20 131

B 17G-173 12 14 5 0 32 24 d 6 1865 4 5 3 40 <3 12 24 105 19G-193 16 17 6 0 35 28 d 4 1871 <2 3 3 40 <3 12 26 104

~ 21G-213 13 18 7 0 42 26 <I 7 1638 <2 6 3 51 <3 19 30 140

Table 16 Mojot and trace element analyses for core 67GC07

SUrvey Core Sample Depth 5102 n02 AI203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na20 K20 P205 S LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt"k) (wt"k) (wt"k) (wt"k) (wt%) (wt"k) (wt"k) (wt"Io) (wt"M (~~m)

67 Ge07 0-3 21.34 0.25 6.27 2.34 2.16 0.16 0.01 0.98 33.66 1.16 0.93 0.08 700 32.91. Ge07 6-9 20.91 0.28 6.53 2.52 2.39 0.12 0.03 0.96 33.88 1.19 0.9 0.07 700 32.69 Ge07 12-15 23.87 0.33 7.99 3.03 2.83 0.18 0.01 0.96 30.59 1.14 1.08 0.06 700 30.87 Ge07 20-23 28.83 0.4 9.23 3.49 3.26 0.21 0.01 1.08 26.04 1.27 1.23 0.07 800 28.28 Ge07 30-33 25,15 0.35 8.17 3.13 2.93 0.18 0 1.02 29.18 1.34 1.09 0.07 800 30.44 Ge07 40-43 39.55 0.61 13.19 4.67 4.37 0.27 0.01 1.46 14.19 1.87 1.67 0.08 1000 22.62 Ge07 50-53 32.05 0.48 9.77 4.68 4.48 0.18 0.01 1.17 22.64 1.49 1.22 0.08 700 26.37

@ Ge07 60-63 32.93 0.49 10.2 6.01 5.75 0.23 om 1.3 20.23 1.65 1.42 0.09 800 25.63

~ Ge07 8D-83 27.72 0.41 9.02 2.95 2.65 0.27 om 1.11 26.96 1.41 1.35 0.06 900 28.93

~ Ge07 100-103 45.61 0.79 15.43 5.56 5.09 0.42 0.01 1.6 7.79 2.15 2.07 0.08 1500 18.81 Ge07 120-123 47.59 0.78 14.6 5.28 4.72 0.5 0.01 1.62 7.51 2.11 2.18 0.08 2400 18.06

~ Ge07 140-143 44.86 0.74 14.68 5.77 5.34 0.39 0.01 1.6 8.78 2.08 2.15 0,08 1100 19,17

~ Ge07 160-163 41.76 0.67 14.24 4.97 4.53 0.4 0.01 1.62 11.51 2.02 2.19 0.08 1400 20,83 6" Ge07 18D-183 27.42 0.41 8.55 3.08 2.74 0.31 om 1.14 27.22 1.47 1.37 0.07 1000 29.19 ~. Ge07 200-203 18.63 0.26 6.01 2.14 1.88 0.23 0.01 0.87 36.08 1.12 0.97 0.07 600 33.82 eo Ge07 250-253 42.11 0.66 13.88 4.91 4.38 0.48 0,01 1.59 11.47 1.99 2.07 0.08 1800 21.08

I W

~ 00

1-g ..... ~

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

TCItIIe 16 (conf)

Sutvey Cote SompleDeptll Ag As 80 81 Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Ge Hf La LI Mn Mo Nb (em) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) ~m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) «(!(!m) «(!em) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!em) «(!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (£!£!m)

67 GC07 ()'3 2 3 tm <2 27 4 49 0 50 7 1 3 23 24 269 6 5 6-9 2 3 7m <2 30 4 49 0 43 8 1 <2 24 24 441 5 4

12·15 2 3 832 <2 34 6 50 0 37 9 2 <2 14 28 228 5 9 20-23 2 5 906 <2 39 4 64 0 38 12 2 4 24 34 120 3 10 3().33 2 3.5 632 <2 24 3 53 0 43 10 1.5 2 17 2Q 109 5 7

@ 4().43 3 3 667 <2 46 6 75 0 67 16 2.5 <2 28 45 128 3 12 ~ 50-53 2 6 533 <2 37 4 58 0 36 II 2 2 22 30 131 5 9

f 6Q.63 3 6.5 541 <2 34 4 62 0 29 13 2 3 23 34 119 3 9 8().83 2 2 611 <2 35 3 48 0 71 10 2 <2 18 33 122 4 8

100-103 3 4 439 <2 51 10 70 0 54 17 2.5 4 18 53 125 2 15

~ 120-123 2 7.5 681 <2 50 10 77 0 67 18 2.5 4 25 55 134 3 14 140-143 3 2.5 4B6 <2 46 6 76 0 36 17 2.5 3 29 51 128 2 14

0 160-163 3 3 756 <2 43 8 79 0 123 16 2.5 4 22 57 126 3 12 ~.

e.. 18().183 2 2.5 504 <2 26 3 48 0 32 10 1.5 <2 21 34 139 5 10

i 200-203 2 1 513 <2 26 <2 43 0 18 8 I <2 14 24 186 5 6 250-253 3 7.5 tm <2 43 8 70 0 54 17 2.5 3 20 51 142 4 12

'< Vl

S? NI Pb Rb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Th U V W Y Zn -.0

1· Sutvey Cote SompleOeptll Nd Pr z,

(em) (ppm) (ppm) (p£!m) (ppm) (£!£!m) (£!£!m) (ppm) (ppm) (p(!m) (ppm) «(!pm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

B 67 GC07 ()'3 15 22 12 0 40 31 <I 5 1049 <2 3 50 <3 17 49 84 6-9 14 27 6 0 42 27 <I 5 1020 3 5 <0.5 58 <3 17 47 81 ....

12·15 15 25 10 0 53 30 <I 6 895 <2 6 I 62 <3 19 52 91 ~ 20-23 17 24 12 0 63 25 <1 6 7lI <2 7 0.5 69 <3 21 59 119 3().33 13 21 8 0 50 2Q <I 6 877 3 5 <0.5 56 <3 20 57 95 4().43 23 32 15 0 79 21 2 6 465 4 9 <0.5 79 <3 25 75 147 50-53 18 26 13 0 55 28 <I 6 733 <2 7 <0.5 74 <3 21 62 124 6Q.63 14 30 12 0 60 24 <I 9 638 3 6 0.5 81 <3 21 62 III 8().83 18 26 10 0 56 24 3 8 799 2 6 5.5 78 <3 20 58 107

100-103 23 46 19 0 87 15 3 7 305 <2 9 5 122 <3 26 78 174 120-123 21 37 18 0 91 18 1 5 274 3 9 3.5 89 <3 25 79 191 140-143 25 31 16 0 87 19 I 6 326 5 8 111 <3 24 74 159 160-163 20 44 17 0 91 19 3 4 372 <2 10 3.5 96 <3 25 84 145 18().183 20 23 9 0 57 23 <I 5 813 3 5 3.5 50 <3 22 51 103 200-203 16 17 6 0 38 33 <I 6 1169 <2 3 I 42 <3 17 38 79 250-253 18 41 16 0 84 18 2 5 375 2 8 3.5 93 <3 23 BO 162

Table 17 Major and trace element analyses for core 67GCI2A

Sulvey Core Sample Depth 5102 TI02 A1203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na20 K20 P205 5 LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (eem)

67 GCI2A 0-3 18.25 0.2 5.13 1.93 1.79 0.13 0.03 0.85 36.46 1.28 0.75 0.09 900 34.96 GCI2A 7-11 18.87 0.21 5.36 2.01 1.93 0.07 0.07 0.87 36.02 1.92 1.04 0.09 800 33.46 GCI2A 15-19 19.71 0.21 5.43 2.21 2.04 0.15 0 0.93 35.32 1.34 0.91 0.08 800 33.78 GCI2A 30-33 21.79 0.26 6.32 2.57 2.33 0.22 0 1.13 32.9 1.28 1.16 0.08 800 32.44 GCI2A 40-43 23.45 0.3 7.03 2.89 2.6 0.26 0.01 1.2 30.84 1.4 1.29 0.09 900 31.43 GCI2A 50-53 22.52 0.3 7.16 2.59 2.32 0.24 0 1.04 31.59 1.48 1.23 0.08 1000 31.92 GCI2A 60-63 23.53 0.32 7.48 3.33 3.04 0.26 0.01 1.08 30.35 1.57 1.35 0.09 1000 30.82

~ GCI2A 70-73 28.71 0.4 9.36 3.9 3.49 0.37 0.01 1.24 24.87 1.59 1.54 0.08 1200 28.21

Iii GCI2A 80-83 29.33 0.42 9.77 3.56 3.18 0.34 0.01 1.2 24.52 1.65 1.56 0.08 1300 27.8

~ GCI2A 90-93 31.42 0.45 10.54 3.81 3.4 0.37 0.01 1.26 22.18 2.23 1.83 0.08 2100 26.03

~ GCI2A 110-113 31.12 0.45 10.76 3.92 3.52 0.36 0.01 1.26 21.95 2.25 1.78 0.09 2300 26.22

~ GCI2A 130-133 30.62 0.44 10.58 3.87 3.45 0.38 0.01 1.31 21.87 2.44 1.83 0.09 2700 26.73 GCI2A 150-153 20.73 0.26 6.21 2.39 2.16 0.21 0.03 1 33.57 1.61 1.04 0.09 1000 33.01

0 GCI2A 170-173 27.48 0.4 9.18 3.57 3.18 0.35 0.01 1.18 25.41 1.86 1.5 0.09 2200 29.13 ~. f!!. GCI2A 190-193 32.64 0.48 10.98 4.08 3.68 0.36 0.01 1.3 20.37 1.94 1.69 0.1 2600 26.19

f GCI2A 230-233 31.52 0.47 11.38 4.42 4.02 0.36 0.01 1.36 20.14 . 2.27 1.74 0.1 3300 26.31 ~

"<: 0

r;(

1-g .... ~

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Table 17 (cont)

Swvey

67

Swvey

67

Core

GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A

Core

GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A GCI2A

Sample Depth (em)

1).3 7·11 15-19 3D-33 40-43 50-53 60-63 71).73 80-83 9D-93

111).113 13D-133 150-153 171).173 19D-193 23D-233

Sample Depth (em)

1).3 7·11 15-19 3D-33 40-43 50-53 60-63 71).73 80-83 9D-93

111). 113 130-133 150-153 171).173 19D-193 230-233

Ag (ppm)

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Nd (ppm)

19 15 3 12 15 9 17 13 17 18 16 17 10 13 15 15

As Ba BI Ce (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

4.5 3

3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 4

4.5 7.5 5 4

3.5 4 5 5

589 <2 672 <2 572 <2 672 3 556 <2 472 <2 631 <2 519 <2 577 <2 530 <2 454 <2 544 <2 520 <2 418 <2 362 <2 329 <2

24 15 18 32 28 19 29 32 32 28 28 27 31 25 32 25

NI Pb Pr Rb (ppm) (PPm} (ppm) (ppm)

29 29 207 236 24 24 26 29 29 31 29 31 23 27 32 33

6 8 7 6 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 12 6 9 12 13

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

30 34 36 45 51 50 48 63 67 75 73 74 41 61 74 70

Co (ppm)

2 5 2

<2 4 6 5 5 6 8 8 8 7 7 9 9

Sc (ppm)

27 25 21 28 27 23 28 21 20 18 17 16 27 15 14 16

Cr (ppm)

37 40 39 50 49 40 49 51 53 50 51 51 33 44 48 52

Se (ppm)

<1 <1 <I <I 1

<I I I 2

<I <I I

<1 I I I

Cs (ppm)

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Sn (ppm)

6 4 6 6 6 6 9 7 5 5 5 3 5 7 4 7

Cu (ppm)

32 37 24 29 38 42 27 30 31 32 32 40 30 37 42 34

Sr (ppm)

1136 1137 1108 1017 960 993 935 773 749 688 645 680 1057 776 649 648

Ga (ppm)

6 7 8 7 8 9 9 10 II 12 II 12 8 9 12 12

To (ppm)

<2 2

<2 3 <2 <2 <2 <2 4

<2 <2 <2 3 <2 5 3

Ge (ppm)

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2

1.5 2

1.5 2

1.5 1.5 2

1.5

Th (ppm)

4 4 4 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 4 5 7 6

HI (ppm)

4 <2 <2 3 <2 <2 3 <2 2 3 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

u (pem)

<0.5 1

4 3

0.5 2 3 3

2.5 2

1.5 3 3 2

La (ppm)

9 17 15 23 18 16 18 10 23 20 13 13 15 14 15 21

v (ppm)

45 45 40 49 64 51 52 60 63 63 61 64 43 50 65 58

II (ppm)

19 21 21 27 31 30 31 37 40 43 46 45 25 36 43 43

w (ppm)

Mn (epm)

440 951 141 132 121 110 123 120 122 115 105 99

352 95 104 102

v (ppm)

18 17 17 17 19 17 19 21 22 23 23 23 18 21 22 21

Mo (ppm)

7 7 6 7 4 6 6 4 6 4 5 4 5 6 5 3

Zn (ppm)

38 41 39 44 52 46 46. 56 65 61 58 59 42 57 64 66

Nb (ppm)

5 5 6 8 5 6 6 8 10 11 9 II 5 9 9 9

Zf (ppm)

73 78 85 91 92 94 89 104 112 119 114 109 83 102 114 110

Table 18 Major and trace element analyses for core 67GC16

SUrvey Core Sample Depth 5102 n02 AI203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na20 K20 P205 5 LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt"lo) (yn"Ia) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt"lo) (wt"lo) (ppm)

67 GC16 0-3 19.21 0.2 5.09 1.9 1.58 0.29 0 1 34.82 1.57 0.86 0.1 1200 35.17 GCI6 6-9 20.12 0.19 4.91 1.78 1.5 0.25 a 1.05 34.53 1.39 0.81 0.1 1300 35.03 GCI6 12-15 20.91 0.21 5.26 1.9 1.63 0.24 a 1.13 33.98 1.4 0.89 0.1 1600 34.07 GC16 20-23 20.87 0.21 5.42 1.98 1.66 0.29 a 1.15 33.63 1.42 0.88 0.1 1600 34.21 GCI6 30.33 22.38 0.22 5.36 1.93 1.64 0.26 a 1.19 33.18 1.29 0.93 0.09 1500 33.29 GCI6 40-43 23.56 0.25 5.65 2.06 1.76 0.27 0 1.3 31.89 1.39 1.05 0.09 1900 32.6 GC16 60-63 26.78 0.33 7.43 2.83 2.5 0.3 om 1.56 27.69 1.41 1.36 0.1 2500 30.28

@ GC16 70-73 22.81 0.26 5.81 2.09 1.8 0.26 0 1:31 32.56 1.19 1.03 0.09 1900 32.69

t GCI6 90.93 33.73 0.46 9.66 3.23 2.77 0.41 om 1.25 22.26 1.66 1.66 0.09 2500 25.6

f. GCI6 110-113 30.3 0.4 9.31 3.13 2.71 0.38 0.01 1.25 24.33 1.42 1.45 0.08 3600 27.99 GCI6 130.133 31.04 0.42 9.09 3.34 2.92 0.38 0 1.3 23.55 1.6 1.38 0.09 4700 27.76 GC16 150-153 27.73 0.39 9.28 3.54 3.16 0.34 0.01 1.47 24.62 1.78 1.45 0.1 4700 29.2

~ GC16 166-169 23.19 0.32 7.41 2.78 2.49 0.26 0 1.37 30.11 1.64 1.26 0.1 2700 31.57 0 GC16 166-169 23.19 0.32 7.41 2.78 2.49 0.26 a 1.37 30.11 1.64 1.26 0.1 2700 31.57

1 f ,J::.. '< Q N

1 g .... ~

"

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

fable 18 (coni)

SUlvey COle Sample Depth Ag As Ba Bl Ce Co Cr C$ Cu Go Ge HI La LI Mn Mo Nb (em) (ppm) (ppm) (PPm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) <ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

67 GC16 ()'3 3 1.5 345 <2 25 5 39 0 16 6 3 11 19 85 4 5 6-9 3 2.5 345 <2' 15 5 42 0 17 6 <2 10 19 91 6 3

12-15 3 4 321 <2 29 6 43 0 16 6 3 18 22 92 5 5 2().23 4 3.5 370 <2 19 6 41 0 16 6 0.5 <2 14 22 97 6 5 3().33 4 2 370 <2 21 6 45 0 16 7 1.5 <2 21 23 107 5 5 4().43 3 3.5 440 <2 32 5 65 0 16 7 1 <2 20 25 121 4 4 6(}63 3 5 344 <2 26 7 49 0 17 10 1.5 4 14 31 125 5 8 7()'73 2 3.5 456 <2 35 5 44 0 18 7 I 3 20 24 117 5 5 9(}93 3 5.5 438 <2 44 II 65 0 20 II 1.5 2 24 37 127 5 10

~ 1l()'113 3 6.5 328 <2 31 " 58 0 19 " 2 <2 14 40 101 5 8

6l 130-133 . 3 7.5 317 <2 32 11 59 0 19 10 2 2 16 35 113 6 10

f. 15Q.153 3 4 266 <2 29 9 55 0 19 10 1.5 3 14 34 106 6 7 166-169 3 4.5 292 <2 24 8 38 0 17 9 1.5 <2 16 27 105 5 8 166-169 3 4.5 292 . <2 24 8 38 0 17 9 1.5 <2 16 27 105 5 8

~ 0 SUlvey COle SampieDepth Nd NI Pb Pr Rb Sc Se Sn Sr To Th U V W Y Zn Zr ~ ~. (cm) (ppm) (ppm) (Ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)· (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (pem) (ppm) (ppm) VJ eo

J 67 GCI6 ()'3 10 19 27 0 29 22 5 1576 <2 3 2 46 <3 16 36 69 6-9 10 21 15 0 30 23 <I 4 1586 <2 3 3 49 <3 14 34 61 '< 12-15 13 22 6 0 33 27 <I 8 1590 4 4 4 49 <3 14 37 87 Sf 2().23 7 20 6 0 34 22 <I 6 1546 4 4 3.5 51 <3 14 36 94

1- 30-33 15 20 6 0 36 26 <I 6 1564 5 4 4 53 <:3 16 38 105 4().43 16 20 6 0 40 23 <I 4 1463 4 5 4.5 51 <3 16 40 116

Q: 6(}63 14 23 J 0 53 24 <I 5 1217 <2 5 4 58 <3 18 47 117 !5 7()'73 16 21 7 0 42 30 I 6 1413 <2 4 4 56 <3 17 41 100

~ 9(}93 20 30 12 0 68 24 1 7 768 <2 7 4 64 <3 22 56 138 1l()'113 15 26 12 0 66 18 <l 4 1018 <2 7 4.5 60 <:3 20 52 118 130-133 19 28 II 0 61 24 I 4 1179 <2 7 3.5 59 <:3 21 55 119 15Q.153 13 26 10 0 59 19 2 5 1272 2 6 3.5 62 <3 18 53 103 166-169 12 24 10 0 44 21 <I 5 1427 <2 4 8.5 55 <3 17 45 91 166-169 12 24 10 0 44 21 <l 5 1427 <2 4 3.5 55 <3 17 45 91

Table 19 Major and trace element analyses lor eore 67GCI8

Survey Core Sample Depth 5102 n02 A1203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CoO Na20 K20 P205 5 LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) <eem)

67 Ge18 0-3 21.84 0.2 4.81 1.75 1.46 0.26 0 1.86 32.23 1.37 0.83 0.11 2700 34.75 GelS 10-13 IS.91 0.15 3.92 1.3S 1.1 0.25 0 1.72 35.33 1.23 0.7 0.1 2900 36.31 Gel8 40-43 IS.56 0.13 3.53 1.25 0.97 0.25 0 1.76 35.SS 1.12 0.61 0.1 3(0) 36.79 GelS 70-73 IS.95 0.13 3.26 1.16 0.9 0.23 0 1.83 36.24 1.06 0.57 0.09 3200 36.42 GelS 230-233 20.77 0.13 3.24 1.15 0.89 0.23 0 I.S7 35.28 1.15 0.63 0.1 3400 35.36 GCIS 260-263 20.36 0.15 3.49 1.21 0.92 0.26 0 1.9 35.28 1.16 0.66 0.1 3500 35.37

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Table 19 (conI)

SUlvey COle Sample Depth Ag Ai Ba Bt Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Go Ht La U Mn Mo Nb (em) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) <ppm)

67 GCI8 ()'3 2 5 130 <2 23 6 45 0 6 7 <2 16 18 106 6 3 1()'13 3 4 126 <2 13 6 38 0 5 5 <0.5 <2 13 16 85 6 4 40-43 3 3.5 122 <2 22 5 36 0 5 4 I <2 14 15 83 7 4 7().73 2 3.5 112 <2 21 5 32 0 5 4 I <2 13 13 84 9 4

23().233 2 3.5 100 2 26 5 32 0 4 4 I <2 16 12 93 7 3 260-263 3 2.5 III <2 26 4 33 0 4 4 1 <2 16 14 89 4

SUlvev COle Sample Depth Nd Nt Pb Pr Rb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Th U V W Y In Ir ~ ~cm) (ppml (ppm) (ppml «(!pml «(!pm) (ppml (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) 51

f. 67 GCI8 ()'3 14 19 12 0 25 26 <1 4 1686 <2 4 2 49 <3 14 28 99

I().13 7 15 6 0 21 25 <I 4 1852 <2 3 2.5 40 <3 11 23 83 4().43 13 15 5 0 19 28 <I 7 1856 3 4 2.5 37 <3 12 22 95

~ 7().73 II 15 5 0 18 26 <1 5 1925 3 3 3.5 33 <3 11 19 86

0 23().233 9 14 5 0 20 22 <1 5 1869 <2 2 2 29 <3 11 18 98 ~. 260-263 17 14 5 0 20 24 <I 6 1847 <2 3 1.5 34 <3 12 20 92 l!!-

f ~ VI

'< Q

1-g .... ~

Table 20 Major and trace element analyses 'or core 67GC29

Survey Core Sample Depth 5102 n02 Al203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na20 K20 P205 5 LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (eem)

67 GC29 0-3 11.49 0.07 1.78 0.62 0.51 0.1 0 1.71 42.99 1.03 0.31 0.07 1400 39.79 GC29 10-13 11.53 0.06 2.11 0.65 0.53 0.11 0 1.76 43.17 1.08 0.35 0.08 1500 39.09 GC29 30-33 17.76 0.18 4.71 1.55 1.31 0.22 0 2.1 35.61 0.96 0.69 0.08 3700 36.01 GC29 50-53 16.42 0.19 4.72 1.64 1.4 0.22 0 2.21 35.78 0.98 0.69 0.09 4300 36.88 GC29 70-73 12.81 0.12 3.03 1.06 0.88 0.16 0 2.19 39.73 1.02 0.44 0.08 3300 39.21 GC29 90-93 9.03 0.06 1.72 0.62 0.49 0.12 0 2.32 43.18 1.03 0.3 0.07 2600 41.44 GC29 110-113 9.72 0.07 2.06 0.71 0.59 0.11 0 2.24 42.3 1.09 0.35 0.07 2700 41.13

@ GC29 130-133 9.14 0.06 1.79 0.67 0.5 0.15 0 2.38 42.98 1.04 0.31 0.07 2800 41.29 ~ GC29 150-153 9.76 0.06 1.87 0.65 0.51 0.13 0 2.29 42.56 1.04 0.31 0.07 2600 41.14

f GC29 170-173 9.55 0.05 1.89 0.64 0.5 0.13 0 2.23 42.66 1.07 0.33 0.07 2500 41.27 GC29 190-193 8.6 0.06 1.88 0.7 0.57 0.12 0 2.31 43.2 1.03 0.31 0.07 2700 41.57

~ 0 ~. e!..

r ~ '< 0\ Q

1 g .... ~

• • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Table 20 (conI)

Sulvey Core sample Depth Ag As Ba BI Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Go Ge HI La LI Mn Mo Nb (em) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

67 GC29 ()'3 3 2.5 95 <2 13 3 21 0 5 <I <0.5 <2 14 8 65 5 3 GC29 1()'13 3 1.5 90 <2 18 3 23 0 3 2 <0.5 <2 16 9 69 5 <2 GC29 3().33 3 5 142 <2 28 5 44 0 8 5 I <2 20 22 94 6 6 GC29 50-53 4 6.5 118 <2 34 4 50 0 8 6 I <2 21 22 92 7 4 GC29 7()'73 3 5.5 97 <2 24 3 43 0 5 3 0.5 <2 13 15 75 7 4 GC29 90.93 3 3 61 <2 27 3 27 0 2 2 <0.5 <2 11 10 53 5 2 GC29 1I()'113 4 3.5 92 <2 15 3 33 0 2 2 0.5 <2 18 11 60 7 <2 GC29 13().133 3 4 80 <2 18 2 26 0 3 1 <0.5 <2 16 10 56 7 <2 GC29 150-153 4 3.5 72 <2 22 0 29 0 3 2 0.5 <2 14 11 56 7 2

@ GC29 17()'173 4 3 85 <2 20 2 30 0 3 2 <0.5 <2 7 10 55 7 2 ~ GC29 190.193 3 4.5 79 <2 17 2 27 0 4 2 0.5 <2 II II 57 7 <2

f Sulvey Core sample Depth Nd NI Pb Pr Rb Sc Se Sn Sr To Th U V W V In lJ

~ (em) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)

0 GC29 ()'3 15 9 14 0 8 7 <I 5 1973 <2 <2 1 21 <3 8 11 72 ~. 67

~ I!!. GC29 1()'13 14 10 20 0 8 11 <l 4 1998 <2 <2 0.5 19 3 9 13 78

f GC29 3().33 15 17 6 0 30 11 <1 6 1763 2 3 5.5 52 <3 13 25 83 GC29 50-53 21 18 50 0 30 14 <I 3 1774 <2 3 4 55 <3 13 26 78

'< GC29 7()'73 14 14 2 0 16 10 <I 2 2037 <2 <2 4.5 37 <3 II 18 70

Sf GC29 9().93 13 10 <20 0 6 3 <1 5 2179 <2 <2 2.5 22 <3 10 11 61

1-GC29 1I()'113 14 11 <2 0 10 14 <I 4 2196 <2 <2 3 29 <3 9 13 58 GC29 13().133 16 10 20 0 7 10 <1 6 2127 <2 <2 2.5 24 <3 9 12 62 GC29 150-153 13 9 2 0 9 5 <1 4 2120 3 <2 2 19 <3 9 12 54

B GC29 17()'173 10 10 <20 0 9 4 <I 3 2171 <2 <2 2 23 <3 9 12 61 ..... GC29 190.193 13 12 <2 0 8 27 <1 3 2202 2 <2 2 29 <3 9 14 45

~

Table 21 MaJor and traee element analyses lor core 67GC45

Swvey Core Sample Deplh 5102 n02 AI203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CoO Na20 K20 P205 S LOI (em) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt"lo) (wt%) ~em)

67 GC45 0-3 11.56 0.14 3.51 1.49 1.38 0.1 0.03 0.72 42.46 1.04 0.5 0.08 700 38.42 GC45 6-10 11.38 0.14 3.43 1.43 1.29 0.13 0 0.72 42.79 1.08 0.51 0.07 700 38.39 GC45 14·17 12.54 0.16 3.77 1.82 1.69 0.12 0 O.Bl 41.61 1.14 0.56 0.07 700 37.44 GC45 14·17 12.54 0.16 3.77 1.82 1.69 0.12 0 0.81 41.61 1.14 0.56 0.07 700 37.44 GC45 20-23 16.4 0.23 4.BB 2.39 2.26 0.12 0.03 1.02 37.6 1.2 0.68 0.08 700 35.42 GC45 30-33 18.89 0.24 5.23 3.15 2.84 0.28 0 1.16 34.5 1.39 0.86 0,09 900 34.44 GC45 40-43 21.74 0.27 6.53 2.64 2.18 0.41 0 1.22 32.91 1.38 1.09 0.08 900 32.11

~ GC45 50-53 21.38 0.3 6.64 2.46 2.06 0.36 0 1.19 32.45 1.42 1.08 0.08 lOOJ 32.94

61 GC45 60-63 21.88 0.3 6.57 2.59 2.2 0.35 0 1.24 31.83 1.6 1.02 0.09 1100 32.8

f. GC45 70-73 21.55 0.32 6.68 2.7 2.33 0.33 0.01 1.23 31.72 1.75 1.02 0.09 1300 32.85 GC45 90-93 23.71 0.33 7.36 2.91 2.57 0.31 0 1.21 29.74 1.64 1.15 0.08 lSOJ 31.74 GC45 110-113 25.6 0.37 8.06 3.25 2.86 0.35 0 1.26 27.6 1.72 1.25 0.09 200J 30.66

~ GC45 130-133 20.46 0.29 6.17 2.61 2.31 0.27 0 1.13 33.04 1.55 I 0.08 .1800 33.51 0 GC45 150-153 28.69 0.42 9.3 3.62 3.13 0.44 0.01 1.31 24.41 1.76 1.38 0.09 2300 28.83 ~. GC45 170-173 18.06 0.24 5.6 2.26 2.02 0.22 0 0.9 36.29 1.29 0.89 0,11 900 34.3 f!!.. GC45 190-193 14.11 0.16 4.18 1.74 1.51 0.21 0 0.78 40.25 1.16 0.77 0.08 700 36.72

i ~ 00

'< !(

1-g .... ~

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Jemie 21(conf)

Sulvey COle SompleDepIh A9 As 8a 81 Ce Co Cr C5 Cu Go Ge HI La II Mn Mo Nb (em) (eem) (eem) (ppm) ~m) (eem) (~m) (eem) (!!em) (e!!m) (eem) (eem) <eem) <eem) <eem) <eem) <eem) (eem)

67 GC45 0-3 4 4.5 1007 <2 16 5 33 0 39 5 I <2 22 15 529 9 2 GC45 6-10 4 2.5 964 <2 22 3 36 0 41 4 0.5 <2 14 15 89 6 4 GC45 14-17 4 4 998 <2 17 4 44 0 34 5 <0.5 <2 15 17 167 6 2 GC45 14-17 4 4 998 <2 17 4 44 0 34 5 <0.5 <2 15 17 167 6 2 GC45 20-23 4 5 865 <2 19 10 53 0 42 6 1 <2 24 21 453 6 6 GC45 30-33 4 2.5 761 <2 29 4 55 0 31 7 1.5 <2 18 23 127 5 4 GC45 40-43 4 2 883 <2 25 5 60 0 37 7 1 <2 21 27 127 5 5 GC45 50-53 4 2 979 <2 36 5 6J 0 41 7 1.5 <2 23 30 122 7 7 GC45 6()<)3 4 2 878 <2 30, 5 65 0 39 8 1.5 <2 20 30 123 4 7 @ GC45 70-73 4 3.5 1011 <2 13 5 58 0 39 8 2 <2 15 30 127 7 7

~ GC45 90-93 4 3 708 <2 27 5 67 0 42 7 1.5 <2 21 34 115 4 8

~ GC45 110-113 4 4.5 461 <2 24 6 56 0 38 9 1.5 <2 17 33 107 6 7 GC45 130-133 4 3.5 521 <2 23 5 50 0 33 7 1.5 <2 18 27 113 5 8

~ GC45 150-153 4 3.5 619 <2 40 5 69 0 45 10 2 2 21 32 127 4 8

~ GC45 170-173 4 1.5 731 <2 25 3 45 0 35 7 1 <2 13 22 140 6 5 GC45 190-193 4 I 818 <2 25 3 35 0 25 5 1 <2 16 17 167 6 2 0

~. f!!.

J SUrvey COle SompleDepIh Nd NI Pb PI Rb 5e 5e 5n 5. To Th U V W Y Zn Z. .J:>. (em) (eem) (eem) (eem) (ppm) (e!!m) (eem) (eem) <eem) <eem) (!!em) (eem) (!!em) (eem) <eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) \0

'<

i 67 GC45 0-3 18 23 65 0 19 30 <1 5 1292 <2 2 <0.5 43 <3 16 34 49 GC45 6-10 14 14 30 0 19 29 <I 6 1283 <2 <2 0.5 39 <3 17 33 45

~. GC45 14-17 12 17 4 0 21 28· <I 5 1262 <2 3 <0.5 44 <3 16 35 52 GC45 14·17 12 174 0 0 21 28 <1 5 1262 <2 3 <0.5 44 <3 16 35 52

[ GC45 20-23 12 23 6 0 27 27 <I 5 1135 <2 3 1 63 <:3 15 42 65 .... GC45 30-33 17 29 6 0 31 27 I 6 1040 <2 4 <:0.5 72 <:3 15 46 66

* GC45 40-43 14 28 7 0 42 32 <1 7 959 <2 4 5.5 77 <3 18 51 76 GC45 50-53 24 29 8 0 42 JO 1 6 934 7 4 4.5 87 <:3 19 53 84 GC45 6()<)3 16 29 90 0 37 25 1 6 917 <2 3 3 83 <3 19 47 77 GC45 70-73 10 28 7 0 39 28 <1 9 875 <:2 3 3 78 <:3 18 53 79 GC45 90-93 13 317 0 0 45 24 1 6 829 3 4 3 83 <3 18 53 81 GC45 110-113 15 29 9 0 47 25 1 6 814 <2 4 4 76 <3 18 50 89 GC45 130-133 14 26 8 0 35 23 I 6 955 <2 3 2 65 <3 17 45 76 GC45 150-153 17 34 \1 0 56 22 1 7 761 2 5 5.5 87 <:3 23 61 97 GC45 170-173 18 21 5 0 35 29 <I 5 1077 <2 4 2 48 <3 19 43 61 GC45 190-193 20 224 0 0 27 25 2 8 1153 <2 3 3 57 <:3 18 34 ~

Table 22 Major and troce element analyses lor core 67GC48

Sutvey Core Sample depth 5102 TI02 A1203 Fe203t Fe203 FeO MnO MgO CoO No20 K20 P205 5 lOI (em) (wt%) (wrY.) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wflo) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wflo) (wflo) <eem)

67 GC46 0-3 9.17 0.07 2.35 1.06 0.76 0.27 0 1.85 42.77 1.13 0.41 0.11 2300 40.87 GC46 10-13 13.06 0.13 3.45 1.42 0.96 0.4 0 1.9 39.8 1.17 0.62 0.11 2900 38.1 GC46 30-33 17.71 0.2 9.19 2.1 1.49 0.55 0 2.01 35.69 1.33 0.89 0.12 5500 30.28 GC46 50-53 17.52 0.18 6.17 1.92 1.39 0.48 0 1.89 35.79 1.21 0.86 0.11 5200 33.88 GC46 70-73 18.97 0.22 5.8 2.04 1.46 0.52 0 2.08 34.41 1.13 0.91 0.12 5200. 33.87 GC48 100-103 16.63 0.2 4.83 1.81 1.3 0.46 0 2.06 36.37 1.02 0.75 0.11 5300 35.74 GC46 120-123 15.68 0.19 4.36 1.73 1.26 0.42 0 1.88 37.29 1.02 0.7 0.11 5400 36.55 GC48 140-143 14.14 0.16 3.71 1.48 1.07 0.37 0 2 38.66 1.06 0.64 0.1 4900 37.6 GC48 160-163 13 0.15 3.68 1.39 1.02 0.33 0 2.01 39.5 1.04 0.59 0.09 4100 38.18

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Table 22 (eon I)

Sulvey Co,e Sample Depth Ag As 8a BI Ce Co C, Cs CU Ga Ge HI La 1I Mn Mo Nb (em) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) Ceem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem)

67 GC48 0-3 4 8 94 <2 21 2 38 0 5 3 <2 18 13 102 6 4 GC48 10-13 2 6 139 <2 16 3 51 0 8 4 <2 19 18 140 5 4 GC48 30-33 2 9 173 2 31 4 66 0 11 6 <2 13 24 167 8 6 GC48 50-53 2 7 174 <2 32 4 64 0 8 6 1.5 3 23 24 156 7 3 GC48 70-73 2 6.5 173 <2 33 4 70 0 10 6 1.5 <2 15 27 159 7 5 GC48 100-103 2 6.5 153 <2 28 3 64 0 9 6 1 <2 16 23 138 7 7 GC48 120-123 2 6 149 <2 26 4 60 0 8 6 0.5 <2 19 22 124 6 6 GC48 140-143 2 5 130 <2 26 3 53 0 7 4 1 <2 16 20 112 4 5 GC48 160-163 2 5 119 <2 25 2 51 0 6 4 0.5 2 22 20 104 7 3 @

~ f. SuNey COle Sample Depth Nd Nt Pb p, Rb Sc Sa Sn S, Ta Th U V W Y Zn Z,

(em) (ppm) ~em) Ceeml (eem) (eem) (eem) (eem) (e2m) (eem~ (2em~ (eem) (eem~ (eem) (eeml (eem) (eem) (eem)

~ 67 GC48 0-3 11 13 57 0 12 24 <1 8 2448 <2 <2 2.5 59 <3 8 22 34

0 GC48 10-13 11 18 40 0 19 29 <I 8 2327 <2 3 2 70 <3 11 25 50 ~. GC48 30-33 10 26 6 0 31 28 <I 5 2230 5 3 3 84 <3 12 32 62 f!!. GC48 50-53 14 257 0 0 30 29 <I 4 2276 <2 4 2.5 76 <3 12 32 67

f GC48 70-73 17 25 6 0 32 26 1 4 1628 2 4 2.5 84 <3 14 32 66 IJl ~

GC48 100-103 16 267 0 0 27 29 <I 7 1907 <2 3 2 84 <3 11 29 68 '< GC48 120-123 9 24 6 0 24 27 <I 6 2163 <2 3 2 76 <3 12 27 61 f( GC48 140-143 16 21 60 0 21 25 <I 6 1991 4 2 2.5 71 <3 11 24 54

1-GC48 160-163 14 184 0 0 21 25 <I 4 1948 <2 2 3 64 <3 10 23 47

8 ~

• 52 • Table 23 Range in concentration of major and minor elements • present in the sediments from the Otway Basin • Element Minimum Maximum •

Si02 (wfO,6) 0 50 • n02 (wt%) 0 1 AI203 (wt%) 0 16 • • Fe203 (wt%) 0 6 FeO (wt%) 0 0.6 • MnO (wfO..6) 0 0.1 MgO(wt%) 0 2.5 • CaO (wfO..6) 0 50 • Na20 (wt%) 0 2.5 K20 (wfOk) 0 2.2 • P205 (wt%) 0 0.5

Sulphur (wt%) 500 6000 • Silver (ppm) 0 5 Arsenic (ppm) 0 9 • Barium (ppm) 0 1200 Bismuth (wt%) 0 4 • Cerium (ppm) 0 60 • Cobalt (ppm) 0 12

Chromium (ppm) 0 80 • Cesium (ppm) 0 0 Copper (ppm) 0 140 • Gallium (ppm) 0 20

Germanium (ppm) 0 3 • Hafnium (ppm) 0 5 Lanthanum (ppm) 0 30 • Lithium (ppm) 0 60 Manganese (ppm) 0 1000 • Molybdenum (ppm) 0 9 • Niobium (ppm) 0 20 Neodymium (ppm) 0 25 • Nickel (ppm) 0 50

Lead (ppm) 0 70 • Praseodymium (ppm) 0 0 Rubidium (ppm) 0 100 • Scandium (ppm) 0 35 Selenium (ppm) 0 4 • Tin (ppm) 0 10 Strontium (ppm) 0 2500 • Tantalum (ppm) 0 10 • Thorium (ppm) 0 10 Uranium (ppm) 0 6 • Vanadium (ppm) 0 140 Wolfram (ppm) 0 <3 • yttrium (ppm) 5 30

Zinc (ppm) 5 200 • . Zirconium (ppm) 5 ·90 • • • ©AustraIian Geological Survey Organisation 1993 •

ll' ll' l.' II , .. lJ' lJ' ljl lJl lJl l,' 1I! lj! (j! li tiJ UJ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

,_ 2A C--Iap __ oaIioo and _ depI>a 101 COI ... om ... 1OUI>em Awbolio conlinenlal margin

c.- ~ w_ 5lJAJ roJAJ P/AJ IoIAJ c./AJ CWAJ Ge/AJ Mn/AJ N1/AJ IIb/AJ s./AJ V/AJ In/AJ

Ccm, ~ lin, !ppm/wt".IOOOOO) !ppm/wl'4aIOOOOO' !ppm/wt'1.aIOOOOO) <pem/wt".IOOOOO) !ppm/wt"=IOOOOO) (ppm/wt".IOOOOO) (ppm/wt"=IOOOOO) (ppm/wt"=IOOOOO) (ppm/wt"=IOOOOO) (ppm/wt,,= I 00000)

07~ 0-] 2«l 5.70 000 01132 HXl84 22.29 5.31 0.531 69.00 9.55 8.49 2094 22.29 11.68

07GC4a 0-3 3n 3.45 0.Q34 0D.l9 75.58 30.55 4.02 0.804 82.01 10.45 9.65 1968 47.44 1769

OJGO)I ().3 as 5.11 0.013 0.re3 121.01 40.34 6.37 1.002 80.68 16.98 2.12 4709 19.11 IQ.1l

07GCI8 0-] 1035 401 01147 ODl9 51.07 17.68 2.36 0.393 41.64 7.46 9.82 662 19.25 11.00

07GC16 0-1 1650 l.ll 000 0.016 12807 14.48 5.94 0.371 31.55 7.OS 10.77 586 1782 1336

67GCllA 0-1 31ll 3.14 0D44 ODl4 216.94 1l.63 11.79 0.552 162.00 10.68 I LOS 418 16.51 14.00 @

~67GC4S 0-1 371S 2.01 oms ODl9 54200 17.76 20.99 0.538 284.77 12.38 10.23 696 23.15 1830

~ §

~ 0 ~. e!..

J '< S(

1 B ..... \Q \Q ..."

(j) \l,;

VI W

0.090 T i

! @ 0.080 T ~ ~ 0.070 T ~

~ ~ 0.060 T 0

i f i ~ 0.050 T '< ~ s;> ~ I

1- i 0.040 T a. ~ g .. If. 0.030 T l§

0.020 T 0.010 t

I I

0.000 I

0 500 1000

PIAl versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 14 Core-top phosphorous/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

•••••• ' ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

6.00 T I i

~ I

5.00 T 6i I ~ I ~ I ~ 4.00 '"" 0

~ I 1: f .5 I

§ I '< ~ 3.00 T ~

1- 8 I [

o 2.00 r ....

* 1.00 T

! 0.00 I

0 500

Si/ AI ratio versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 15 Core-top Silicon! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

t---.-.-----.-- --;

3500 4000

5000T 45001 ~1 35001

E I ~ 3000 I c ~

t500 1

121m T i I U) I

i

1500 ~

! 1000 ...:...

500

SrI AI (ppm/wt%= 1 0000) versus water depth (m). Otway Basin cores

----.

~--~.-------------~.

o ~--------T-------~r-------~.---------T--~ o 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 16 Core-top Strontium/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

45T 40

~ Iii

35 f ~

E 30 T 0

i25 <j:!. I!!..

i i 20 T '<

i E e B s= .... o 15 \0

~

1: T I I I o , 0 500

Cr/ AI (ppm/wt%= 1 0000) versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 17 Core-top Chromium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

-.

3500 4000

50.00 T I

45.00 + I

40.00 7 ! I

i 35.00 +

E I .2 I ~ 30.00 T ~ I E 25.00 T .; i g 20.00 T > I

15.00 T 10.00 T 5.00 T

v / AI (ppm/wt,o= 10000) versus water depth (m). Otway Basin cores

I 0.00 ~--------+-------~r-------~"------ +------+-----t-----+-----"--------:

o 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 18 Core-top Vanadiuml Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

VI 00

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

@

f ~ ~

~ 0 ~. fl!.

J '< Q

1-g ... ~ w

Bal AI (ppm/wt%= 1 0000) versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

600T ! 5001

I I I

4OO-t-E ! ::J c E ::J

i 300

j to

200 +

100 +

o ~------~-------r-------+------~--------T-------~-------T------~ o 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 19 Core-top Barium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

U\ ...0

~I 20

E .2 15 c E· ::J

i a. 10 8

51 I I I

CuI AI (ppm/wt,o= 10000) versus water depth (m), otway Basin cores

o ~--------r---------r---------t------ t---

2000

Water Depth (m)

----+--------!-------,;----------------1

o 500 1000 1500 2500 3000 3500 4000

Figure 20 Core-top Copperl Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

@

~ ~ ~

~ 0

1 f '<

Sf

1-r:r. g ... ~

300-I

I I

250 1 I I

E200 1

~ 1 E :J

=< ..... 150 i I c & c

~ 100 I 50, o !

0 500

Mn/ AI (ppm/wtOfo= 10000) versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 21 Core-top Manganese/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500

---I

4000

@

~ ~ f:l

~ 0

t f '< Q

1-8 ~

Zn/ AI (ppm/wt%= 10000) versus water depth (m), otway Basin cores

~.oo t 18.00

16.00 T I

14.00 T I 112

•

00

T fO.OO t ~ 8.00

6.00 T 4.00 -t

I 2.00 T

~--------r-------~---------r--------+-------~---------T--------~-----~ 0.00 I

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 22 Core-top Zinc/Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

18.00 I 16.00 I 14.00 I 12.00 T

! 1~00 1 :::J

~ ! 8.00 I 6.00 I 4.00 T

I 2.00 t

I I I

Nil AI (ppm/wt%= 10000) versus water depth (m). Otway Basin cores

•

~----~------~------r------+------~------+-------r-----~ 0.00

o 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

. Figure 23 Core-top NickeVAluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

1.20 ....,-

I ~ I 6i 1.00 T l- I ~ 0 ~ 0.80 I ~. f!!. E f ::J

< '< E 0.60 -.-

f :J C D

B ! DAD r .... ~

a20 I I

0.00 ! . 0 500

Gel AI (ppm/wtOfo= 10000) versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 24 Core-top Germanium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

0.080 T

I @ 0.070 T ~

0.060 + f. ~ I 0 E 1 ~. .a 0.050 i eo

.5 I i j I '< ~ 0.040 T

f ~ I g ~ 0.030 I .... ~

0.020 ...-

0.010 I 0.000 I

0 500

Til AI ratio versus water depth (m), Otway Basin cores

1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 25 Core-top Titanium! Aluminium 'ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

12.00 -

10.00 I E 8.00 + :;, C E .2

~ :;, =e ~

6.00 -

4.00 I 2.00 T

I !

i

RbI AI (Pllm/wt%= 10000) versus water depth (m). otway Basin cores

------------.

0.00 --------~~-------+---------~--------+---------+--------~--------+----

o 500 1000 1500 2000

Water Depth (m)

2500 3000

Figure 26 Core-top Rubidium! Aluminium ratio plotted as a function of water depth

3500 4000

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

67

Radiochemical data and palaeoceanographic indicators in sediments.

The sediments from two cores, 67GC12 and 67GC45, collected from the Otway Basin

were analysed for their radiochemical properties to determine sedimentation rates. The

results of these analyses are assembled in Tables 25-27, along with calcium carbonate,

organic carbon and opaline silica contents of these sediments. An additional core,

67GC37, is presently being analysed at Flinders University of South Australia as part of

a postgraduate degree and these data will ultimately form part of the data-base from the

southern margin.

The down-core distributions of authigenic uranium in cores 67GC12A and 67GC45

show enrichments at depths of around 30-40 cm, and these are probably indicative of

zones of precipitation of authigenic uranium which has diffused into the sediments from

bottom waters and precipitated under anoxic conditions. The depth of this transition is

being investigated as a possible palaeoceanographic indicator, and this work is

continuing at Flinders University. The excess 230Th shown here will be used to

calculate sedimentation rates on this margin at Flinders University. The down-core

distributions of calcium carbonate, organic carbon and opaline silica show variations

which may be related to glacial/interglacial periods, changes in sea-level and

palaeoceanographic conditions. However, until these cores have been dated these

variations cannot be related to specific time-periods.

Several of those elements discussed previously phosphorus, barium, copper, germanium,

nickel, strontium and zinc, the redox species including manganese, vanadium and

chromium, and rubidium, total silicate and titanium have been normalised to the

corresponding aluminium abundance and these data for several cores are summarised in

Appendix 4. Select profiles of data from two cores 67GC12A (Victoria) and 67GC45

(West Tasmania) collected between water depths of about 3100 and 3800 m, are

illustrated in Figures 27 through 36. These include down-core profiles of phosphorus,

barium, chromium, manganese and nickel. All other data-plots are included in

Appendix 4. The element laluminium abundance ratios for phosphorus, and chromium

(and several other elements in the Appendix) are similar in the core-tops, indicating

similar fluxes of these materials to the seafloor over this geographic area. The

barium/aluminium ratio in the core from West Tasmania has about twice the abundance

of barium than the core from offshore Victoria, and these comparisons suggest (because

barium has often been used as a proxy indicator of diatom productivity), an increased

flux of organic matter to the seafloor at this more southern location. The down-core

distributions of phosphorus, barium and chromium are similar between sites, and


68

suggest similar palaeoceanographic conditions in both regions. However, the down-core

variations cannot be discussed in detail until sedimentation rates can be determined. The

down-core distribution of manganese is very different from those mentioned above, and

these differences reflect the diagenetic influence of manganese remobilisation and

redistribution in sediments. Similarly, nickel which is known to be recycled with

manganese, shows similar down-core distributions, and the elements are therefore not

useful palaeoceanographic indicators.


• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Table 25 Radiochemical data, percent calcium carbonate, percent organic-carbon and percent opaline silica for core 67GC12A

Survey Core Depth CaC03 Corg Opal U Th 234U/238U 230Th 230Thx (cm) (%) (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (dpm/g) (dpm/g)

67 GCI2A 0-3 64.2 0.48 0.57 0.85 4.75 0.96+/-0.05 7.69 7.06 7-12 63.2 0.42 0.44 0.89 4.39 0.99+/-0.04 7.24 6.58 15-19 62.1 0.38 0.48 0.84 3.88 0.95+/-0.04 5.78 5.16 30-33 57.7 0.38 0.56 1.49 4.43 1.06+/-0.03 5.99 5.12 40-43 53.9 0.43 0.58 4.6 4.24 1.13+/-0.02 4.6 3.77 50-53 55.7 0.32 0.48 2.81 4.73 1.09+/-0.02 5.44 4.51

~ 60-63 53 0.34 0.59 1.41 4.6 1.06+/-0.03 5.3 4.33 Iii 70-73 43.5 0.48 0.69 2 6.2 1.04+/-0.02 5.03 3.81

f. 80-83 42.8 0.48 0.72 90-93 38.7 0.46 0.68 3.8 6.03 1.05+/-0.02 4.78 3.59

~ 110-113 38.3 0.46 0.79 3.05 6.38 J .03+/-0.03 4.82 3.57 130-133 38.1 0.63 0.91 3.42 6.74 1.09+/-0.02 6.02 4.69

~. 150-153 58.9 0.4 1.68 4.43 1.10+/-0.02 6.46 5.42 /!!..

J 170-173 44.5 0.64 $ 190-193 35.4 0.59 3.41 6.94 1.10+/-0.02 4.39 3.03

'< Sf

1-8

Table 26 Percent opolUne silica content of core 67GC37

li Survey Core Depth Opal (em) %

67 GC037 0-3 0.39 10-14 0.43 30-33 0.51 50-53 0.4 70-73 0.52 90-93 0.52

110-113 0.46 130-133 0.52 150-153 0.48 170-173 0.53 190-'193 0.51

Table 27 Radiochemical data, percent calcium carbonate, percent organic-carbon and percent opaline for core 67GC45

Survey Core Depth CaC03 Corg Opal U Th 234U/238U 230Th 230Thx (em) (%) (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (dpm/g) (dpm/g)

67 GC45 0-3 74.8 0.36 0.71 0.58 2.45 0.96+/-0.04 11.82 11.39 GC45 6-10 75.5 0.32 0.72 0.57 2.61 1.00+/-0.04 11.25 10.83 GC45 14-17 74.2 0.22 0.71 0.58 2.57 0.97+/-0.04 8.99 8.56 GC45 20-23 66.4 0.25 0.7 0.71 3.33 0.93+/-0.03 6.71 6.18

@ GC45 30-33 60.8 0.53 0.74 0.9 3.76 0.93+/-0.03 6 5.33 ~ GC45 40-43 58.2 0.43 0.69 5.91 4.37 1.07+/-0.02 5.59 4.73

~ GC45 50-53 57.3 0.54 0.71 4.03 4.32 1.09+/-0.03 5.36 4.52 ~ GC45 60-63 56.2 0.48 0.73 3.13 4.26 1.07+/-0.02 5.63 4.79

~ GC45 70-73 55.9 0.48 0.81 3.87 3.66 1.06+/-0.02 6.86 6.14

t GC45 90-93 52.6 0.45 0.84 3.33 2.73 1.11 +/-0.02 5.15 4.62 GC45 110-113 48.6 0.48 0.92 4.33 4.6 1.08+/-0.02 4.35 3.45 -.l

f 2.93 3.48 1.04+/-0.02 0

GC45 130-133 58.5 0.42 0.72 4.52 3.84 1.09+/-0.03 •

'< GC45 150-153 43.1 0.57 0.93 5.47 5.07 4.05 4.18 ~ GC45 170-173 63.5 0.27 0.77 1.43 2.78 1.09+/-0.03 4.05 3.5

1- GC45 190-193 70.6 0.35 1.99 2.46 1.19+/-0.05 2.31 1.83

B ~

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Down-core profile of PI AI ratio, core 67GC12A

Phosphorous/Aluminium

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0 0.012 0.014 0.016

o.~ +--------+--------4---------r--------+--------1---------+-------~~r-----~

50.000

_ 100.~

E ,g,

i '" 150.000 I 200.~

250.000. -

..

Figure 27 Down core profile of Phosphorous/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC12A

Down-core profile of Sal AI (ppm/wt%= 1 0000) ratio, core 67GC 12A

Barluml Aluminium

0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00

o.~ +--------------+--------------~------------1_------------~I----,~~ ____ ==----~

~~

e.g

= a. CD

50.~

l00.~

Q 150.~

200.000 T

250.000 1 Figure 28 Down core profile of Barium! Aluminium ratio, core 67 GC 12A

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Down-core profile of Cr/AI (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

Chromium/Aluminium

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

o +o--------r--------r--------r--------+--------+-------~------~~------~

50

E 100 I .e. i ., 150 T

I 200 1

I I I

250 ~

Figure 29 Down core profile of Chromiuml Aluminium ratio, core 67GC 12A

0.00

50

50.00

Down-core profile of Mn/ AI (ppm/wt%= 10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

100.00

Mangane.sel Aluminium

150.00 200.00 250.00

Figure 30 Down core profile of Manganese/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC 12A

300.00 350.00

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

0.00

0

~ I I

~ i

f I ~ ~r 0

i J '< E 100 T Q

1- ,g. I Q: :a I 8 g 150 I .... l§ I

I I

200 1

T I

I , 250 ...:...

10.00

Down-core profile of Ni/AI (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio. core 67GC12A

Nickell Aluminium

20.00 30.00 AO.OO 50.00

I

60.00 70.00

~ ____ ------------------7 f ;

~.

~ Figure 31 Down core profile of NickellAluminium ratio, core 67GC12A

80.00

Down-core profile of PIAl ratio, core 67GC45

0.0050

Phosphorousl Aluminium

0.0100 0.0200 0.0000

o~'-----------+----------~-----------+I~----~~~~-~

201

0.0150

I

401 I

6O-t I

sol E I .s. I :6 100 -a. I G) I Q 120 ..L

I I I

140 1-, ,

I 160 -+-

! , lSO ...!..

200 --Figure 32 Down core profile of Phosphorous/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45

" •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

0.00

o I I

:1 I :1

E I ,g :s 100 -r

£ 120 I 140 T

T 160 -+

! 180 1

I I

200~ '., .-

Down-core profile of Bal AI (ppm/wt% = 1 0000) ratio, oore 67GC45 Otway Basin

150.00

Bal AI (ppm/wtOJo = 10000)

300.00 450.00

7 ---------

Figure 33 Down core profile of Barium/Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45

600.00

Down-core profile ofCrl AI (ppm/wt% = 10000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

Cr/ AI (ppm/wtOJo = 10000»

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

0 i ~ ~ i

20 1 • fii

~ ~ I I

~ I

~ 40...!-

I 0 601 I j I -.....I

80 1 00

~ ~ T 1- i 100 T I=T. 8

~ Q 120

140 T 160 T 180 I .~

T 200 ....:....

Figure 34 Down core profile of Chromiuml Aluminium ratio, core 67GC45

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Down-core profi,e of Mnl AI (ppm/wt,o = 10000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

200.00

0:-------~~!:=======~=======2========±1====~~~====~.~ i

20 + I

0.00 50.00 100.00

Mn/ AI (ppm/wt% = 10000)

150.00 300.00 250.00

I I

4O~ i

601 sol

E T g I :S 100 ~ i I Q 120 -+

i !

140 ...!.. ! I

160 + I I

180 1 i

200 -

Figure 35 Down core profile of Manganese/Aluminium ratio. core 67GC45

0.00

o , @

201 ~

J 40 r

~ 60 T 0

~. l!!.

~ 80 t I Q

1 i 100 t Q; g .....

Q 120 ~

140 I T I

160 1 I

180 ...... I !

200 ...:...

Down-core profile of Nil AI (ppm/wt% = 1 0000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

Nil AI (ppm/wt% = 10000)

5.00 10.00

•

Figure 36 Down core profile of NickeVAluminium ratio, core 6?GC45

15.00

,

00 o

••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

81

SUMMARY

As part ofBMR Survey 67 to offshore Victoria, South Australia and West Tasmania, a

number of gravity cores have been analysed for a variety of geochemical properties and

parameters. These cores analysed here were collected from water depths of between 377

and 4120 m. Many of the cores analysed here were also analysed for light hydrocarbon

abundances and the geochemical data presented here complements existing data from

this area (Exon and Lee, 1987; Exon and others, 1989 and Exon and others, 1992).

The major and minor element abundance for those gravity cores which were analysed

for pore water metabolites are included here, along with additional pore water analyses

conducted in Canberra. A brief perusal of the pore water data indicates elevated

concentrations of ammonia which is indicative of sulphate reduction and anoxic

sediments in the core-tops on those cores from the outer-shelf/upper slope. With

increasing water depth, the surficial sediments appear to be sub-oxic with manganese

reduction and remobilisation occurring in the top few tens of centimetres. Pore water

silicate profiles show maxima in the sediments and these may be indicative of silica

uptake in the sediments associated with glauconite formation. In general, the pore water

metabolites measured in several cores varied in a systematic way indicating organic

matter degradation processes by major oxidants oxygen and sulphate, and secondary

oxidants (nitrate and manganese).

When the abundances of select elements were normalised to aluminium and plotted as a

function of water depth, results were obtained which are indicative of modem

oceanographic/sedimentological processes occurring on this margin. First, phosphorus,

silicon and strontium indicated higher abundances of these elements on the outer

shelf/upper slope than on the lower slope and this is indicative of increased biogenic

material inputs to these sediments. In contrast, manganese, barium and copper indicated

higher abundances of these elements in the lower-slope cores than the outer-shelf!upper

slope cores. Manganese, we hypothesise is recycled from anoxic upper-slope cores, as

indicated by the low manganese inventory in those sediments, transported offshore by

advective or mixing processes and subsequently scavenged from the deep -water column

by a relatively high flux of sinking biogenic particulates near the edge of the STCZ

(Sub-Tropical Convergence Zone). Because the surficial sediments of those lower-slope

cores are oxic, manganese is preserved in those cores. These processes may be important

in explaining, in part, the high abundances of manganese crusts and nodules found on

the West Tasmanian margin and further south on the South Tasman Rise.


82

The radiochemical data assembled will be used to calculate sedimentation rates from

three cores: from the lower-slopes of the West Tasmania margin, south of King Island,

and offshore Victoria. The down-core variations of several potential palaeoceanographic

indictors indicate significant changes which may be indicative of sea-level change,

glacial/interglacial changes in sea water chemistry, and the flux of organic matter from

sea water into the sediments. However, these variations cannot be assessed until several

of these cores have been dated.

The data set assembled here, of baseline levels of many elements including some heavy

metals, can be used to assess long-term environmental change and anthropogenic inputs

to the outer-shelf/upper slope of the Southern Australian continental margin.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the Master and crew of RV Rig Seismic for assistance during collection of

these cores, and AGSO co-chief scientists N.F. Exon and C.S. Lee for co-ordination of

shipboard activities and the AGSO technical and scientific staff for assistance in

processing the cores. XRF analyses were conducted by John Pyke at AGSO. The

radiochemistry analyses, calcium carbonate, organic carbon and opaline silica analyses

were conducted at The Flinders University in South Australia. We thank N. Exon for a

review of this document.


• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e·

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

83

REFERENCES

Cruikshank B.I., and Pyke J.G., 1993. Analytical methods used in minerals and

land use program's geochemical laboratory . Australian Geological Survey Organisation

Record 26.

Engleman E.E., Jackson L.L., and Norton, D.R, 1985. Determination of carbonate

carbon in geological materials by colorimetric titration. Chemical Geology 53, 125-128.

Exon N.F., and Lee C.S., 1987. Preliminary post cruise report, Rig Seismic Research

Cruise 1987: Otway Basin and West Tasmania Sampling, Project 1C.09 BMR Fossil

Fuels Project. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Record 1987111.

Exon N. F., Stratton J. P., Reynolds H.W., and Tindall C., 1989. Sedimentological

analyses from deep-sea cores taken off south-west Victoria, and western and southern

Tasmania. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Record 1989/5.

Exon N.F., Lee C.S., Felton E.A., Heggie D., McKirdy D., Penney C., Shaftk S.,

Stephenson A., and Wilson C., 1992. BMR Cruise 67: Otway Basin and west Tasmanian

sampling. Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics Report 306.

Froelich P.N., Klinkhammer G.P., Bender M.L., Luedtke N.A., Heath G.R, Cullen

D., and Dauphin P., 1979. Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of

the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,

43, 1075 - 1090.

Heggie D., Maris C., Hudson A., Dymond J., Beach R, and Cullen J., 1987. Organic

carbon oxidation and preservation in NW Atlantic continental margin sediments, Geology

and geochemistry of Abyssal Plains. Geological Society Special Publication No. 31,215

- 236.

Heggie D. T., Skyring G. W., O'Brien G. W., Reimers C., Herzceg A., Moriarty D. J. W.,

Burnett W. C., and Milnes A. R., 1990. Organic carbon cycling and modem phosphorite

formation on the East Australian continental margin: an overview, Phosphorite research

and development. Geological Society Special Publication No. 52,87 - 117.


84

Mortlock R. A., and Froelich P. N., 1989. A simple method for the rapid determination

of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments. Deep-Sea Research 36, 1415-1426.

Weliky K., Suess E., Ungerer C. A., Muller P. J., and Fischer, K., 1983. Problems with

accurate carbon measurements in marine sediments and particulate matter in sea water:

A new approach. Limnology and Oceanography, 28, 1252-1259.


• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• Al • • • • • • • • • • • •

Appendix 1. Al203 with select major and trace elements ---• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ©Australian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

AI203 (wt%) vs Si02 (wt%), Otway Basin

50-I

I • 0

0 0

45+

f 40 1

o 0 t:. 67GC01

0

! T o 67GC07 ~ 35-L ~

30 1

0 0 • 67GC12 0 • 0 ,. • ~. 00

~ eo

,~ t <Xl • • 67GC12a r 0 o o~

t:. >D o 67GC16 '<

~ 00 • ~ 0

1- •• t:. • 0 J(jl.. • 67GC18 20' t:. 0 <><>

T ••• t:. ?;tJ.o g I ox. • o 67GC29 .... 15 + t:. .~

~ • x x 67GC45 I o .~ 00 x<

10 + ~~ • 67GC48 I

5 t lfft,.

I

0 ,

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wr'k)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••

AI203 (wt'o) vs Fe203 (wt'o). Otway Basin

:1 0

0

0

~ 6. 67GC01 Iii 0

! 0 0 o 67GC07 ~

0 0

~ 4 . • A 67GC12 0 ·T • ~,

A ~. • 67GC12a G; e. -r ! ~ • A o 67GC16 '< ...,3 ar 0 S( 0 x 0 0

00

1- ': A>b • 67GC18 u.. x XAOx •

g ~;)!: o 67GC29

2 T fX x

~ A 0

0

~ X o~·g x 67GC45 ~ X~6.~ •• •

I • 67GC48 ~. 1 T D-• i 1!f¥2J6.

I' t::,t:P> 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wfOk)

AI203 (wt%) vs CoO (wfOk), Olway Basin

so-I i

bn~ ~ 67GC01 I

45+ @ I ~. >Xx o 67GC07

~ 40+ LI :'

x

f. I x ... 67GC12

351 • I~. r:! "':\X Oe •

~ ~fj. o~ • • 67GC12a I '8 ~o

0

30 1 • 00 ~. > ~. 6. ... ~ 0 o 67GC16 e- x 0 ~

f i 25 I 0 x 0 0

~ . • 67GC18 '< S(

B20t 0'

<P •• o 67GC29 1 0 • • g x 67GC45 ..... ~ 15 --!- 0 • 67GC48 I

I o 0

10 1 0 I 0 0

51 I i

I 0 I

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wtOfo)

•••• .. ' ..••........................

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

AI203 (wt%) vs Sulphur (ppm), otway Basin

6000

• I

• • • • @ 5000 6 67GC01

~ T • 00

~ o 67GC07 ~ 0

~ , • A 67GC12 0 4000 ~. 0 0 e. - • 67GC12a

i E •• 66 • > 0. o. \Jt 0. <> 67GC16 - 6 I. '< ... 3000

!( :::I i

~O6 s::. I • 0 • • 1-

0. I • 67GC18 "3 0 0 0 en I • • X • g I A o 67GC29

2000 ..L 6 X

i i tA6

OOx °

! <>8 X 0 X 67GC45 6 DO 0

j 00 X ~ . I .} 0 • 67GC48

1000 -L ~. A 0 0 JXJlX

0° 00 0

X< X X X oJ-o 0

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wtOfo)

AI203 (wtOfo) vs Arsenic (ppm), Otway Basin

9

•

o

o 6.

00

00

• o M

6. •

x

XII

••

XI

• CIt •

• A

o

o x

t:,. 0

000 xa. x .... o

... 00 x o

ox o

o :x<

o x

x 0

o ~------~--------+--------+--~----r--o 2 4 6 8

AI203 (wt%)

•

o o o

o o

o

o

o· .. ". •

• o

x

o o

o

o

-----1-------+----- --I

10 12 14 16

t:,. 67GC01

.0 67GC07

... 67GC12

• 67GC12a

<> 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • *

AI203 (wt'o) vs Barium (ppm), otway Basin

1200

~ 1_1 Xx x ~ 67GC01 x Iii x

~ 0 o 67GC07 ~ x :x

0

~ x ~ 67GC12 0 800T x 0

i x 0 0 x • 67GC12a -

600 1

0

~ E 0

f Q. • • 0

Q. • 0 OX o 67GC16 -'< E •• • Sf :J I A 0 ot

1 'C oX' 0 A • 67GC18 0 0 co 00 • x • g"

0 0

4OO-l- • o 67GC29

~ I <> • I 00 0

00 • A 67GC45 0 i 0

i 0

• 67GC48 2001- • • • I !

o.~· :6E1 6 I

tJ [tPt! b.

0 I

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (w~k)

AI203 (wt%) vs Cerium (ppm). Otway Basin

60-I

0 0 @

~, D. 67GCOI

~ ~ 0 0

0 o 67GC07 ~ o °

~ 6- ... 67GC12 6' i 40 , 1 ° >-

0 x

0 + 67GC12a 00

i D. 0 0 0 o· .... .o~ + • D. • 0< o 67GC16 '< e 30 T D.D.rJ )(0 ~ 0

Sf :::s 0° ~~ ,,+

1-'C 0 .. , x· 0 • 67GC18 CD i x x + + 0 ~.1

0 >0 • X g 0 • 0 o 67GC29 ....

:, 0 x ~ +

~ enD .:x 0 o ... x 67GC45

0 • x D.

• 67GC48

T D.M

D.

I

0 I

6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

AI203 (wt%) vs Cobalt (ppm). otway Basin

. AI203 (wtOfo) vs Chromium (ppm), Otway Basin

80- 0

0 CO

• 0 0 70

I' x

@ x • 0

b, 67GCOl ~ x • • x 0

0

f. 60 • x 00 o 67GC07 x 0 • x

~ x 0 0

• 67GC12 • x 0 • • • 0 • 1· 0 -so 0 ~o 1 E 6. A <>- o 0 • ~ Q. b,6.rJ' oXo

• 67GC12a ..... f a. x • 0 - 0 o 0 0

~40 o~ • o 67GC16 '<

I • 0

2 E • ~ A X

• 67GC18 ~. e 0 ~.t>< • &. 8 b,

B 030

T o 67GC29 !{SJ ... ~ I 0

x 67GC45 20

I 0 l:J.l:::l!::. {:;

• 67GC48 !

10 -r-

0 I

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wl%)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

140 -:

120

100 I

E 80 I ! I ! 60 I

40T 20 1

I

>5< X

X

AI203 (wtCfo) vs Copper (ppm). otway Basin

0

0 0 0

0 0

0

x ~ +x AX ~ A

~ X +A

A

x 0 + + e< +> 0 0

0 A+ + A + 0

A

°0<:00°0 0 00 0

• ! Ol~. ~~c: o ~'--~~~~~~=~--~~~~i--------+--------r--------Ir-------~------~-------~

• • ~

o 2 4 6 8

AI203 (wt%)

10 12 14 16

c, 67GCOl

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

+ 67GC12a ~ ..-..-<) 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

AI203 (wt%) vs Lanthanum (ppm), otway Basin

30 0

i 0 !

I i

0 @ 25 I

L', 67GC01 t , x 0 0 • I • 0 ~ I ax

o 67GC01

! x. f). 0 o·

~ 0 • x x 0 x • ~ 20 0 .. x ... 0 ... 67GC12 T 0 - I

• • <jl!. E o. x· x ... ... 0 0 • 67GC12a ~ l!!- e.

f ... >0 -e. I tv - I 00 ••• X f). • •• • E 15

, 6 x ..... x • • 67GC16 '< ~ -r-

Q c I [0 6 XI • 0 • 0 .. 1-

a o. • f). x • •• • 67GC18 :E I c Q: .9 I {j, rn {j, • o 67GC29 B 10 {j,{j, • ...

T ~ f). A

x 67GC45

I 0

• 67GC48 5

T I ,

0 i

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wfOlo)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••• • e· •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

1000 -I

900 1

~ sooT iii

i 100 t ~

0 -1 E Q. 600-

f .e 500 1 I

'< CD T ~ c

1 0 0 4OO-i c 0

g ~ I

x

... I

~ 300 -r I ,

200 1 I

; I

100 -l-! , ,

0 !

0 2

AI203 (wt%) vs Manganese (ppm), Otway Basin

• o

4 6 8

AI203 (wtOfo)

10 12

°

6 67GCOI

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

• 67GC12a ~ ..... Ul

<> 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48 °0<0 °

14 16

AI203 (wt%) vs Molybdenum (ppm), otway Basin

9 - _x (:,.(:,.

I

8 I • @

7 I 6 67GCOl ~

M& UIlt::. 0_. c. ........... :x

f. 61 o 67GC07

~ • x x:. x. CD<- ox 0 . ... X <::to • A 67GC12 -0 E ~. 0. • 67GC12a e- o. > f fT 010 • XO OOXo x 0 00 0 0<:0 •• -" 67GC16

.t;:. '<

~ • 0 0 X A X OXl 0

1- 141 • 67GC18

§

~:I 0 0 • 0 o 0 o 67GC29 ...

~ x 67GC45 0 0

T • 67GC48

1 1 I

0 I . I

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wtOfo)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

AI203 (wt%) vs Neodymium (ppm), otway Basin

25 0

i I X

I 0 0

I @ I 0 0

~ I 0 [:,. 67GC01

20 T x 0 0

~ I ... 0 o 67GC01 ~ i x x 0 0 ... 0

~ I • x • ... 0< • • ... 67GC12 I • 0 - I 0 • 6 • <><>0 x ~. f 15 t 0 0 I:i 0 It. 0< 0 • • • 67GC12a /!!.. )0-

f CD o x. • • x 0 0 .-. en fl. 6. • o 6 X 0 .:::a. o 67GC16

VI

'< Q ~ I

x 6 X ... 0

1 • •• • 67GC18

110 r

6 0 00 • x • Q: • • • o 67GC29 § ... fl. ::8 • 0 w x 67GC45

6

51 6 • 67GC48

6

6

0 ! 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

AI203 (wt%) vs Nickel (ppm), Otway Basin

50 I I 0

45 T 0

~ I 0 t::. 67GCOl 6i 40 ..,..

~ I

I 0 o 67GC07 ~ 35

~ -,-

x

I • 0 • 67GC12 0 • <19. x ~ 0 n

e 30 i 0 0 • 67GC12a

I!!. T 6><.A x( X • • • f I xx 0 > a. 0 • a. I • x • O~ 0 .-. '< ~ 25 • • 0 " 67GC16 C]\

~ -,- • .+ 0 0 1J I -I x x 0 0

1 0 I x 0 0 • 67GC18 2:20 • 0 xo 0

<10 ! .0 r:r. •• 0 6 8

15 ~ x 60 0 o 67GC29 ....

\0 ••• \0 ~ 6 O.><J 6

A 67GC45 I • M 0

i 0 10 6 lIDO

• 67GC48 6 m M

5 T I

i

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

70 -

~ 60T Iii

sol ! l!l

~ E40 I 0

i i f 30 I '< ~

1- ~ I j:I: g .... \0 m 20.

!

I i I

10 ...:.. I

0

0

•

0

A 0

u ooA

AI203 (wt%) vs Lead (ppm), Otway Basin

x

o

o • 0

?& • <l.

•••• ~6.~JX~~o" A >0 A ~-..<. x o

8~ <f4 % 0 •

•

• o ... •

0 0

0 o 0 0

~ ------~~-------+-------_r-------~--------+_------_r-------~

2 4 6 8

AI203 (wtOfo)

10 12 14 16

6. 67GC01

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

• 67GC12a ~ .-' -l

<.> 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

AI203 (wtOfo) vs Rubidium (ppm). Otway Basin

100 -

90 1 o 0

80+ 0 0

~ 0

6 67GC01 fit 0

~

70 t ~ .. o 67GC07 ~ • ~ o. .... 67GC12 0 0 a.. >-1 - ~

E

=f 0 0

• 67GC12a .....

0- o 0 X 0 00

f 0-- 0 0

'< E .. 0 o 67GC16 ~

:::J .... X =a .... ~

1- 1:i 60 t> >ox • 67GC18 :::J 40T 00 0 XX ~

I=t. 6 .... x X o 67GC29 g 6 <p. .....

00# • • ~ :T 6 x e( x 67GC45 • • 6 6_-63"

• 67GC48

10 T D-

•

oJ & ~ If

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

AI203 (wt%) vs Scandium (ppm), Otway Basin

35

1 0 x

0

30""- x 0 x 0

~ I • • x • 0 /). 67GCOI Iii .x /). ..l X ..l • 0

l-I 0 • x~ .0 ..l

I . /). , • o /)._ o 67GC07 25 b. •• x ..l X X 0

~ T • • b. >0 CD 0 0

b. 0 0 X • 0 ..l 67GC12 0 - • 00 x ~, E b. b. b. ..l 0 ..l 0

• 67GC12a fl!,. 8:20 b. • i - 0 o 0 >

E 0 ..l 0 0 o 67GC16 .--

'< • \.0

~ ; b. • • 1-

c 15

1 • 0 • 67GC18 0 • () 0 0

en b. g' o 67GC29 ... 0 0

* 10 0 0 x 61GC45 I

0 - 67GC48

5 T 0

I 0

I 0

0 !

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

AI203 (wfCfo) vs Strontium (ppm), Olway Basin

2500 ..,.. • • • • ~ ~A •

~ (] t:;,. 67GCOl 51 2000 ..,- 00 6, ~ •

t::.t::. • .~. o 67GC07 III Q

~ . ~ ... 67GC12

i - <><>~

~ n

r~1 <> • 67GC12a e- <> r <> 0

x< x <> <> 67GC16 '< <> Q x 0 <> x ... ~

1- E 1000 I x x ~o • <> • 67GC18 en T x ~ A ...

g' I

00 o 67GC29 x x 0 o~~ ..... ~ 0 0· ... I x 67GC45

5001- 0 • 67GC48 I o 0 I . 0 I 0 i

0

0 '-1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wt%)

••••••• .••............ . " •••••••••••

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . .

140 -

• 120

E 100 I f 80 T ;; I g 60 T ~ I

40

1 •

•• •

AI203 (wtO/O) vs Vanadium (ppm)

x • • x

• • XX x

x x o X 0 <>

01l><><><6~ q ...... .

... 0

x

<> <> ....

x

o o

o

x • <> o

o o

o

•

o

o

o o

o

o

• •

20 T ~~

o ~i ____ ~ ____ +-______ -+ ________ +---~---+--~----+--------+--------~------~ o 2 4 6 8

AI203 (wtOfo)

10 12 14 16

t. 67GC01

o 67GC07

... 67GC12

• 67GC12a

<> 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

AI203 (wt%) vs Zinc (ppm)

200 -r-

i 0 ! I

180 I

T 0

~ 160 0 b. 67GC01

~ T 0

f-0 0

o 67GC07

140 I

~ T 0

• 67GC12 0 0

1 120 t 0 0 <XO • • 67GC12a - •• i E

o o~ • 0 • • > a. f>f> 0

'< 8100 T· ., • 0 x o 67GC16 ~

9 0 0 •• <A 0

c i 00 • ex ;::; I • • 67GC18 ;. 80 • o • o:~ x -r- 0 00 .\

g I 0 0 •

f> ~ X •• o 67GC29 ..... 60 ~ x· x • ~

T 0 ~ x 67GC45

f> 0 x

40

T f> • 67GC48 fY:lf> • f>

20 ..1 I

0 I I

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 .14 16

AI203 (wt%)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . .

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

AI203 (wt%) vs Zirconium (ppm), Otway Basin

90-0

soT 0 0 0

@

70 1 0 0 t, 67GCOl

~ ~ I • o 67GC07 @!

60 1 •

£ x 0 o ~

- T 0° •• ~ 67GC12 0 0 • 1

<> ~ <>.

K 50 I :x~x 0 0 S • 67GC12a > f

x x

f T 0 tv

()( .8- Vl x

x~ ('> 67GC16 '< x 9 "2 40 '

x ~ <> • <> o - ~~ 0 • 67GC18 ~. u I .. I .~x x <>

N i <> § . - • o 67GC29 30..!.. I l:1 ....

I * ~. -tog

A 67GC45 I l:1

20+ • b.~

I t. • 67GC48 £p

10 ..;... J i

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

AI203 (wtOfo)

Bl

Appendix 2. Fe203 with select major and trace elements

©AustraJian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

o

.. A

•• •

1

x X

XX

Fe203 (wt%) VS Si02 (wt'o), otway Basin

2

o

o 0

o 00

3

Fe203 (wt%)

• •

4

o 0

o

o

o

·s

o o

o

A 67GCOI

o 67GC07

• 67GC12

• 67GC12a

o 67GC16'

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

6

Fe203 (wt%) vs AI203 (wt%), Otway Basin

16 -0 I

14 I 0 0

0 0

@

12 I 0 {:, 67GCOI ~ ~ o 67GC07 ~ . I • ~ •• + +

• 67GC12 0 10 1 ° 1 0 • 0

tp

~ I 00 ~o • + 67GC12a • 0 Vl

f 0 - 8 I (}<.o v 67GC16 '< ., -r-

~ o I Ox • 1-

N I + • • 67GC18 :cc I • Xl jJ 8 6 -+- • 0° u 67GC29 I f}>/SJ .~ r x .... r:t>0 • x ~ !J .

4 -!- .L':l. X x 67GC45 I ~ xX

X I

i • 67GC48

2 .l w· I

I li:,f!;, , 0 I

0 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs CoO (wt%), otway Basin

50

&~ 45

@ 62f • Xx X 6. 67GCOl

t 40 0-. x

~ 4Ih x o 67GC07 • §

35T &-41 ~~o .Qt.>i

~ ~ x..0 x • 67GC12 ~

C§. • 00 x x.~

6. of 0 • ttl n

,: f • 67GC12a ~ e!- o

f o 00 x

xt° • o 67GC16 '< 0 ~ 0 0

1-0 ....

• 67GC18 ()20 • • 0

Q:

15 t o 67GC29 § .... ~ 0

x 67GC45 \I)

o 0

10 1- 0 • 67GC48 I 0 0 I i

5 4-i I ,

0 I I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

Fe203 (wtOfo) vs Sulphur (ppm), Otway Basin

6000 I

i I • • I ••• @

5000 I t:. 67GCOl ~ T •

0 0

~ o 67GC07 ~ 0

~ • • 67GC12 0 4000 ~. 0 0 eo - • 67GC12a

J E ! . t:.t:. • tP Q. I,J\ Q. I o 67GC16 - ,& '< ... 3000 T ~ :J

frt:. b. • .t:. • 0 •

1-Q. • • 67GC18 '5 0 0 0 (I) • x. • Q: • o 67GC29 §

2000 i'i x

~ <X> X 0

<fj x 0 x 67GC45 B 0

00 x • I • 0 • 67GC48 1000 I {(. 1D0 x •

0 --r 0 I

x·· ° x·o 0° 0 I xx x 0 I 0 I ! i -; 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs Arsenic (ppm), Otway Bc:asin

9 • I 8 •

~ T 0 0 0 b. 67GCOl Iii I

1 I • ~ T o 67GC07 0

~ I .oe 0

£ 6 t • • b. 0 A 67GC12 0 ~. 0 M 0 - • 67GC12a I!!. E

f 8: 5 b.- n. x <> 0 • • • tJj

I C}\ - X A 0 X • (> 67GC16

'< .!:! 0 ~ C

b. ox 0 ... 0

1 14 T o b. • • 67GC18 ....: 1 00 •• 0<0 ..... x: o AX

B 3 0 .... 0 0 x 0 o 0 o 67GC29 ....

I * b.A 0 • X <> A 0 X 0 x 67GC45

2 ta

a

0 x :x 0

• 67GC48 0 <> x

1 I x 0 T I

0 ""i

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

1200 ~

1000 ~

I I

x

Fe203 (wtcro) vs Barium (ppm), Otway Basin

x x

x

Q> 00 o

x

x

o

x

:Xx o

x o 0 x

•

• x

• o o

o

• o

o 0

o

•

o

•• • •

• •

o o

o

o

o o o

o

: &£ I o ~---------+----------+----------+----------r----------r--------~ o 1 2 3

Fe203 (wtOfo)

4 5 6

6, 67GC01

o 67GC07

• 67GC12

• 67GC12a

<) 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs Cerium (ppm). Otway Basin

60-

0 0

@ 50 6 67GCOl ~ 0 0

~ 0 o 67GC07 ~ o 0

~ 40 x 0 ... 67GC12 0 0 ~. e- x • 67GC12a fl!,. 0 0

0 0 OJ

f 6 o. 0.

0 ... 0 • ... • 00 0. •• - ·x 0

0 ,,) 67GC16 '< e 30 0

6 ... 0 Q .. 6

0-1' 0

x ..... ::J 0 0

1-"C -.. • o x • 67GC18 a xo x • •

~ ... x 0 xo • B ° ••• 6 X 0 ° 67GC29

20 ° 0 x. ..... ~ Db x ...

• x 0 x 67GC45

° A

I o 6 • X • 67GC48

10 'i 6&

6

! I

I 0 ~ I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

Fe203 (wt%) vs Cobalt (ppm), otway Basin

121 00 0

@ x 0 0 D. 67GCOl ~

10 -.-

t- o • • o 67GC07

~ 8 0 ..... o 0 ... 67GC12 T 0 I ~. - • 67GC12a tP eo E • 0 • i 1..0

a. &

6

1 • • 0> • 0( • 0 0 o 67GC16 '<

~ B 1- 0 •• ox 00 0::> ... X ~x x~ x ... x ... • 67GC18

0 g • ... x 0 0 ... x 0 0 0 o 67GC29 .... 4 -;-~ I x 67GC45

[!IJ D •• • X X 00 0 I I ... • 67GC48

2 T DO .• • ...

I i

0 I • 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••

Fe203 (wt%) vs Chromium (ppm), otway Basin

so- 0 o . 0 0

70 • x 0 0

@ • x t:,. 67GCOl .~ •• x 0 0 x 0

~ 60 • x 0 o 67GC07 ~

x 0 0 • * ~ 0 0

.. 67GC12 • x 0 • • • .. fM> ~. 150T

tJ t:,. 0 Xio 0 .to 0 0 .. • I!!. t1'i1 ?XO x

• 67GC12a tP

'f • ..... 0 o 0 0 0

~40t 0 • ('> 67GC16 .~ o ....

Sf • .J. .. 0

1-x x • 67GC18

~ 0 • x • 030T 9 fl g BO ° 67GC29 .... ~ I ° x 67GC45 (»

° 20r flit!. • 67GC48

10 I

T 0 I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wWo)

140 T 120 I

@

~ ~ § 100

~ 0 ~. -fl!,. E 80 f Q,

Q, -'< ~

!( 8. 1 a. 60

1 0 0

Q: g .... ~ 40+ Xx

I "

20+ I I

i 0 I &IA

·0 1

Fe203 (wt%) vs Copper (ppm), Otway Basin

0

x x.o

'" *' x x", x x • '" x '"

OOQ) 000 0

2

0

x '"

0 x e< .0

Ox • '"

00 ° °

3

Fe203 (wt%)

0

0

• • "'/ •

4

0

b. 67GC01

o 67GC07

'" 67GC12

• 67GC12a tp --

0 ° 67GC16

• 67GC18 0

o 67GC29

0 0 x 67GC45

0

• 67GC48

5 6

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . .

Fe203 (wt%) vs Lanthanum (ppm), Olway Basin

30 . 0

I 0

I ~ 25 0 b. 67GCOl Iii T

x 0 0 0

l- • xo • + 0

• X b. co o 67GC07

I 0 0 x x 0 x + ~ 20 0 <X> X .. 0 .. 67GC12 0 - • • OJ ~. E 0 • <> X JD X .. 0 ..-I!!. g • 67GC12a N

f • xo rn • • • .x • 0 0

'< ~ 15 b. • x .+ X • <> 67GC16

~ c o t:l. • X 0 0 0 00 <>

1-0 CJ • b. • X •• • 67GC18 ~

9 .9 t:l. 00 b. 0 o 67GC29 10 b.t:l. 0 ....

~ A .. A x 67GC45

0

• 67GC48

51 n

o I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

Fe203 (wt%) vs Manganese (ppm)

1000 -

900 1

~ sooT 6. 67GCOl 61 ~

700 T o 67GC07 ~

~ T A 67GC12 0 - 6001 ~. E

• 67GC12a to fJ!,. Q. ..... r Q.

500 1

~ -CD X <> 67GC16 '< ; !( c

400 T x 0

1-8, A

• 67GC18 c 0

300 T B :E • o 67GC29 .... ~

I 0 x 67GC45

0

200 -+- 0 • 67GC48 ! .' x g>¥>:}>~ A ~o A.\' Bet> 0 I • • 6.

~** 0 0 0 I

.~~ .x1'~<>8> Q) • • 100 -+-. I IJ ~

0 I i

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wtOfo)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

9

8

~ ~

7 f" ~ ~

~ 6 ~ A -~. E I!!- 8: r -5

E :::J '< C

~ ~4 1- ~ Q: 0 B :1:3

i T

CD

•

2 1 I

1 -t-i

! 0 i

:

0

Fe203 (wt%) vs Molybdenum (ppm), otway Basin

• hXA A

•

•

•

1

•• x x

Xl. 0 X. XO • ()

<> <>0 «XO 0 <ID<X 0

o 0 x

2

o

3

Fe203 (wtOfo)

• • o

o

• o 0 0

4

A 67GCOl

o 67GC07

". 67GC12

• 67GC12a txI >-"

o 67GC16 ~

• 67GC18

0 o 67GC29

x 67GC45 0 0

• 67GC48

5 6

25

• o • o [IJ o.

[IJf:::. f:::._ f:::.

••• o

• •

o

Fe203 (wtOfo) vs Neodymium (ppm), otway Basin

o x

x •

• f:::.

o x ••

x

o x o

0::>0 x o ... 0 ... 00<

Of:::.

X

o

2

X XO 0

x x ... 0

o ()

3

Fe203 (wt%)

o

o

00

• •

4

o

o

o f:::. 67GCOl

o 67GC07

... 67GC12

o • 67GC12a

o 67GC16

- 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

5 6

....••..••....... ' ....••..........•

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs Nickel (ppm), otway Basin

50

T 0

45 T 0

~ I 0 D. 61GC01 Iii 40 1

i 351 0 o 61GC01

~ x

I • 0

~ 61GC12 0 • to

1 x ~. 0 -<> 0 0\ -30-r ~ ~ x X :x • • • 61GC12a

f 1251 x'b <> • 0 0 0 x 0<> ~<> <> 61GC16 '< 00 0

S( 0 • <>~ 0

~ I x t x~ 0 0

1- ~:f x 0 0 • 61GC18 0 0 0 X

<»0 ~

Q; .0

8 CD o D. o 61GC29 o D. x 0 .... ~ ••• D. []I ~ x 61GC45

0 M 0 0

10 rJ rn o 61GC48 0

5 T I

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wtOfo)

Fe203 (wt%) vs Lead (ppm), Otway Basin

70 -

x

60

•

o o

o 0

o 20L I

o • o x.o ........ • x x ~o 0 0 ex • •

ll..o .... ~x~ >t x 0 x x

• • 10 TI /). _ ~~

~/). x x a~/)'~o~ __________ -+ __________ -r __________ ~ __________ ~ ________ ~

O~

o 1 2 3

Fe203 (wtOfo)

4 5 6

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

{:,. . EJ9

o

Fe203 (wtOfo) vs Rubidium ·(ppm), otway Basin

2

o o

00 o 0

o

• j. 0 x j.

3

Fe203 (wrro)

..... •

4

o

o

o 0 o o

{:,. 67GCOl

o 67GC07

j. 67GC12

o • 67GC12a to

o ...... 00

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

5 6

Fe203 (wt%) vs Scandium (ppm). Otway Basin

35 T I I 0

I x

0

30 x 0 x 0

~ T • •• x 0 6 67GC01 6i • t:II X X A '0

~ I 0 • o A .x 0 A X

o 67GC07 I • 6 • 06 ~ 25 I 6- x A X X 0

16

6

0 ~ • • 6 OXO 0 0

A 67GC12 0 0 x- 0 0 • 00 x 1 -E 6 6 A 0 A 0

• 67GC12a 0.20 • to

i 6 0 0 ..... a. 0 \0 - A 0 0 o 67GC16 E 0

'< • ~ ~ • • 1-

;; 6 • 0 • 67GC18 c 15 0 0 • 0 0 J:I; en 6

o 67GC29 g .... 0 0 ~ 10 0 0 x 67GC45

0 • 67GC48

5 ~ 0 0 0

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs Strontium (ppm), Otway Basin

2500 ~ • • •

&11::. E~ ••

• @

8 ,p l::i 67GCOl ~

E: i f}

J. •• ~l::i ° 67GC01 ... LJ.

~ 00

• A 67GC12 0 .<>~ l::i

Cjl!. 0 fl!,. <> <> • 67GC12a r ~ I <> OJ c. .

~ t_ xX x <> <> 67GC16 '< <> Q X AOA X <>

1-~ o x • 67GC18

• .0

o I X~X A A S X 00 o 67GC29 .... XOO x XI A

* <> ° 0

I ~ .. • ° x 67GC45

500 ° • 67GC48

T ° ° ° ° ° I I

0 I

I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wl%)

-E Q. 0. -E ::I =a 0 c 0 >

140

120

100

:1 40

1 20 I ~~~ 0

, ,

0

CD

~A

• .•

Fe203 (wt%) vs Vanadium (ppm), Otway Basin

x • • . -

2

x x x

x 0

o x x

x

0

>« • 0 ., 00 0 0

o 0 o ••

3

Fe203 (wtOfo)

0 0

0 0

•• # • •

4

0

f:l 67GCOI 0

o 67GC07

• 67GC12 0

0 • 67GC12a t:Jj N ......

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

5 6

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fe203 (wt%) vs Zinc (ppm), Otway Basin

90-I

0

80 1 0 0

70 I 0

@ 0 0 b. 67GCOl )-.

fA

~ o 67GC07 • ~ • 0 ~ ... 0 x ... 67GC12 60 0 •• 0 0 <> 0 • ~. <> • ... e!- X X ~~o <> • 67GC12a ttl

i - X tv Eso 0 X tv n x ~o g X ... <> 67GC16 '< n

r;( - x 0 {)... • x

1 ;540 0 • 67GC18 S> ... 0 ...

<> x.x .x J:t x •• D 67GC29 B ... 30 • • b.

~ ;... ·m x 67GC45 It. • 20 rflb • 67GC48 I:!.

10 ~ ~

0 .1

0 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wr'lo)

Fe203 (wtOfo) vs Zirconium (ppm). otway Basin

200, o·

180 I 0

160 T ~ 0 l'l 67GC01 Iii 0

~ 0 0 o 67GC07

III

~ 160 t l'l 0 A 67GC12

0 0 ~.

E120 0 0 o ..l • 67GC12a e.

! 100 T 0 0 • • f • • • 0 tP

0 tv l'll'l 0 0 ~ A o 67GC16 Vl

'< -:a-t. • 0 x

~ i 80 T 0 t. 0 A

0 ex ..l

1· • 00 «~ • 67GC18 • 0

00 ..l OA % if x

R T 0

8 0 0 o 67GC29 l'l ••• x X ....

Bo • ~ x ~

: T 6

x 67GC45 0 • x l'l e. x

0 x • 67GC48 T ~~ •

20-

I o I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fe203 (wt%)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Cl

Appendix 3. Manganese with select major and trace elements


50-

45 1

@

~ 40 ~ ~

~ 35 0

1 f:T J

'<

~

~:t 1-g .... ~

10 1 sf 0 I

I

0

• , •• • o •••

~I< .Ot· ~ A

~ *;;X· • 'AX· ••

D X ••

D • A • • X

Ol· • X lOX

eh • JiA

100 200

•

Manganese (ppm) vs Si02 (wt%), Otway Basin

• •

300 40Q

• •

x

x

500

Manganese (ppm)

600 700

A 67GCOl

• 67GC07

• 67GC12

• 67GC12a

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

D 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

800 900 1000

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manganese (ppm) vs Fe203 (wt%), Otway Basin

6 -I 0

0

@ 5 0 D. 67GCOl

~ 0

~ '80 o 67GC07 !!l

~ 41 • A 67GC12

0 ~. • • 67GC12a eo - •• 1- 0 f ~ .o<t <> 67GC16 -'< ~ 3, ~~ R 0 0

('II ~~o • "67GC18 ~. ~

II. 0 «>a. x J:t ):<.( 0 • o 67GC29 g 2 x)l: ... 0 ~ of><> <l> D. X

A x 67GC45

~~ .. ' x

• 67GC48 1 ~.

• ~

!If I 0 I

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs AI203 (wt%), Otway Basin

16, 14

0

Q) 0

0 @

~ 0 b. 67GC01

f. 12

~ 0

i ~ 10, J ;:; 8 Q 0

1-N ;c

g 6 ....

* 4T

I 2 1-

I

o 67GC07

• .'A A 67GC12

0

~ +s> • 67GC12a tP></{- •

0 o 67GC16 ~ 0

o~ • 67GC18 % 0 x:,). • 0 0 •

<0 ~. o 67GC29 &ox AX ~e.~. • x x 67GC45 y x x •

• 67GC48

~ • ~

0 I I

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

...................................

Manganese (ppm) vs CaO (wtcyo), otway Basin

50

fk 45

@

~ 40

J ~ 3S

i .30

f -! 25 '< Q 0

1-0

°20 g'

rep x- x b; 67GCOl x

~ .. x A- X o 67GC07 - " ~ 'l __ 0 x _

0 • 0 • 67GC12

'A' 0 • 67GC12a

() 0 U\

x§o o 67GC16 .<s>~

0 ... fY • 67GC18 .0

o 67GC29

~ 15 T 10 T 5 T

0 x 67GC45 00

0 - 67GC48 Cb

0 !

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Sulphur (ppm), Otway Basin

6000 -;-I

• • •• @ 5000 I

~ T • f.

<X>

4000 1 0 A

~ • 0

1 i I %

f o,.'~ .s '<

i~1 . r · Q

1- ~A 4f <>.

.- ;p p; [5

A ~o ~ :1 & A fi «>c~

:~ • A

Xo 0 0 ox x

A 67GCOI

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

• 67GC12a G-o 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

o ~-----7----~------+-----.-r----~--o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

...................................

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Manganese (ppm) vs Arsenic (ppm), Otway Basin

9

1 •

• :1 @ (lCO

~ • i 00 o ••

A 67GCOl

o 67GC07

~ ~6T ~

t OM 0

f !5T A~

'< 0 ·x. 2 ~ 4 oA II:»::A~ X

~. < OJ ~OOX\I. •

x

x

A 67GC12

• 67GC12a

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

r:r. B 3 0 xo 0 0 .... o o 67GC29

* MAO x- 1><0 x 67GC45

2 T A ox~

A 00 x

1 T xo

o I

• 67GC48

o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Barium (ppm), Otway Basin

1200

@ 1000 x x x

'" 67GC01 ~ x x

f. ~ ° 67GC07 x

~ x °

~I ... 67GC12

0 i(5. 1 (') - x

° • 67GC12a 00

E x 0 0

J D. ~ D. O&, o 67GC16 '< -~ E 600 .Jo'" 1 :J "C 0 • • 67GC18 0 0° aD

.~ g 400 o 67GC29 ....

~ w~ <> w x 67GC45 000

0 0

• 67GC48 200 ..,...

~.,,-

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

60-

50

20

o 0

~.

10 ~ll II

o 80

x

o

Manganese (ppm) vs Cerium (ppm), Olway Basin

• o

o

x x

o ~--~-----1------+----o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Manganese (ppm)

800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm) vs Cobalt (ppm), Otway Basin

12 -

000

~ 10 J co

f;i

~ <> ~

~ «>AO 0 0 8, ~. /!!. - • 0 • i E g

0 '<

~ 6. E()(.«}

Q

1- 0 .:J x:x 0

8 4 IJ Qt:) - 0 ....

x

x

o

b. 67GC01

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

• 67GC12a () .-0

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

* IIID X <IK). x x 67GC45

2 TO. • • 67GC48

o ~HI------+------+------r-----~-----+------+------r----~ o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e· •••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

:' @ T ~ ~ 60 1 §

I ~ 0 -so1-i: K I f i 40 I '< S( ~ I E 1- 2

.&!

g 030...!.-I

~ 201 I

I 10 1

i i

0

0

~

o o

100

o £?

200

Manganese (ppm) vs Chromium (ppm), Otway Basin

lJ. 67GCOl

o 67GC07

x ... 67GC12 o o o

• 67GC12a () ..... ..... <> 67GC16

• x • 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Copper (ppm), otway Basin

140 -

I· 120 I • @

~

100 1 ~ ~

~ 0 ~. -!. E

I a. 80 a. - • ..

Q CD • 1-

a. 8- 60

1 0 •• g' • ~

x

x:x~ 40-,- • ~.

x

... x 20 -t- ~ • I

0 rdifi/It. -6"

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Manganese (ppm) vs Lanthanum (ppm). Otway Basin

30 0 0

0 L' 61GCOl 0:> ox O(A • 0 o 61GC01

• CD 6 X

DCXXO

2OJ... 0.0<0 A 61GC12

- •• E Q. Q.

I -E 15 ~ -r

0 oeXJX • 61GC12a (') )(I ...... 00 ••• x

<> 67GC16 Vl

6 • XA e< • ·c I 0

:5 I c .9 1 10

CD IIX3X> 0 0 0

[J .. t. X • • 67GC18

LiD 06 o 67GC29 66 <> A 6

6 x 67GC415 0

• 67GC48 5 T

I 6

!

o !i ______ ~-----;------~------r_-----+------+-----~-------r------+-----~

o 100 200 300 400 500 600 100 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

9 --r

• . I 8T 7 --r h\CJYf"IJe >x. •

I 6 T' 6. ~x x e-

o. I _

0. 5 - O[IJ O<O<>X»

~ I -8 I

1:1 I

o.«:xo

.an I I 2 -"-

1.1

Manganese (ppm) vs Molybdenum (ppm), Otway Basin

x

o x

o o • o

o ~-----r-----.----~r-----+-----~-----r-----+----~------r---~ o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

6. 67GC01

o 67GC07

... 67GC12

• 67GC12a () .... ~

o 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Manganese (ppm) vs Neodymium (ppm), otway Basin

25 T 0

x (])

@ 0 0 b. 67GCOl ~ 20T 00 x

~ 0 1. o 67GC07 ~ JCf»<J x

~ .. (J>( • 1. 67GC12 0 - 0 .x. 0 ~. K 15 o OX1. 0 0 • 67GC12a

() e!..

I .....

j Q. aoxeax • 0 U\ -E o:::Jb.lO~ b. (> 67GC16 :J x Q I <l 1. X

1- •• • • 67GC18 a10

I b.O «> X • •

r:t. ••• g z o 67GC29 ..... b. \C

~ .0 x 67GC45 b.

5 T b. • 67GC48

b.

I b. • I i ;

0 ;

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Nickel (ppm), Otway Bosin

50 I I

45 ..L

~ I ,

Iii 40 1-~ I §

35 ~ 0

~" E'30 !.

f a. a. '<

i25

T Sf

1- ,~ 20 T s" ~

15 I 10 I 5 T

0

0

0 D. 67GCOl

0 o 67GC07

x .+. 67GC12 • • 0 () .>& .... .+. • 67GC12a Q\

'XX( ox 0 • ~ • o· 67GC16 • 0

<:taQlO • X X 0 X 0

• 67GC18 o~ x ooo.+. o. D. ~ X 0 o 67GC29 DD.

• D/D"XJ~ x 67GC45 0

DO • 67GC48 MIJ

£!..

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

70 T

I 60.1

I I I

sot i

- 40 I E -0. I .s ~301

I I I

20.1 I !

•

<>

o 0

A o~<> to . 10 ..L I •• 0

I .~o I t:. X I

Manganese (ppm) vs Lead (ppm). otway Basin

X

0 0

0

• AX

I om o ~=-r-----~----~------+------r------r-----~----~------~----~ o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

t:. 67GC01

o 67GC07

A 67GC12

• 67GCl2A () ..--l

<> 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

o 100

00

([)

o

o

Manganese (ppm) vs Rubidium (ppm), otway Basin

0

• 0 0

0

.l x

x

:--------1-----11----+------+--------

200 300 400 500 600 700

Manganese (ppm)

b. 67GCOl

o 67GC07

.l 67GC12

• 67GC12a () .-' tfJ

,) 67GC16

• 67GC18

o 67GC29

x 67GC45

• 67GC48

800 900 1000

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Manganese (ppm) vs Scandium (ppm), otway Basin

35-I I

301 0

x 0

<X 0 X @ I xo •• ~\ 67GC01 ~ I • t;:,./I<l • f-

0 o .. + i)X

251 •• t;:,. • a 67GC07 • ..x x

~ • .-v<D ... 67GC12

t;:,. 0«::>0 0 <a x () ~. -E t;:,. t;:,. t;:,.OJDA • 67GC12a

.-. I!!. \0

f 8:20 t;:,. • - 00

E OA <X> o 67GC16 '<

" ::J • ~ t;:,. •

1-c 15 + 0 • 67GC18 0 0 0+ CJ

Q: en t;:,. [) 67GC29 g

~ o 0

10 I 00 x 67GC45

0 • 67GC48

5T 0 0 0

0 I 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Strontium (ppm), otway Basin

2500 - • • •

~. • ~ t. 67GCOl lb.. ~ 2000 ~ i ••• ° 67GC07

I ~

~ Q

~ 1 • • 67GC12 lI. 0 <PoO G ~. -/!!. E 1500

I og • 67GC12a 0

i ~

.9: I , X

'< E

I xo x o 67GC16

Q ::::I 0 0 xO .x

1-1§ ~ 0 • • 67GC18 ,g 1000 I o~ 0

Il: U)

I 8 ox 0 o 67GC29

* .»0

x 67GC45 "0

500 ! , 0 • 67GC48

~o 0

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Manganese (ppm) vs Vanadium (ppm), otway Basin

140 T

._------"

~ 67GC01

o 67GC07

... 67GC12

• 67GC12a n -,'> 67GC16

X

0 • 67GC18

... n 67GC29 ... x x 67GC45

• 67GC.48

I 1~ 1 0

~ Iii 0

f ~

100 I 0

0 0 )>f 1 -E x,(>- -

f Q.

BOT xl-Q. -'< E

·0 -Q :::I

1-;; I

0' X 0 g 60 J...

0

8 > j ~ ~LP 0 ....

401 Xo • ~ cfA ...

I "t:. I I CD b.. I I ~, 20T i t:.t:.

t:.

a -i ----~"_+I------T------+-

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Manganese (ppm) vs Zinc (ppm), Otway Basin

90,

80 1

~ 70 I Iii

~ ~

0

0&

8 /:':, 67GCOl

• o 67GC07 •

~ 60 0 ~. /!!.. -f Sso

Q. Q. '< -i ()

~ 40 I ~. N

g 30T .....

~ 20...:-

i!R j. 67GC12

+t>CO 0 +~

8~ 0 • 67GC12a \-l x 0

0 ~ 0 o 67GC16 &"x

+ x .. .<0 ..

0 j. • 67GC18 o¢K> R )"( x - o 67GC29

• .e:. QjA-x 67GC45 ., -

~A - 67GC48 A

10 ~ I ~ I I

0 !

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•••• e· ••••••••••••••• •••••• • • • • • • • I ,

Manganese (ppm) vs Zirconium (ppm), Otway Basin

200 -,

I 0

180 + I 0

@ I

~ 160 + 0° b- 67GCOI

f. 140 1 8 ° 67GC07

~ ob-

I f:. A 67GC12

0 I

~. - I 0 E 120 + o~ e- o. I • 67GC12a

j .s I :~ .~i> 0 0 E 100 ...L rx v 67GC16

'i' :J I

~tA Vl

c I 0

1- ~ 80 1 o ~A 0 • 0 • 67GC18 ° N I x, A

8 601 Cb x· •

o 67GC29

i ~f:. .x ~ X

i 0 • • x x 67GC45 I of:. x.

x

40+ f:. • 67GC48 i m • 20 1 f:.

I

0 I 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Manganese (ppm)

Dl

Appendix 4: Down-core elemental ratios of cores collected off South Australia,

west Victoria and Tasmania

©AustraIian Geological Survey Organisation 1993

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

c- -- ADOI AI 1102 II IlO2 11 P20I 10 Cr Cu c;., Mn HI lib 51 V In ...,.,. "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" IWI!' !ppm' !ppml !ppm' !ppm' !ppm' !ppm' !ppm' !ppm' !ppm' !ppm!

GC.a (1.3 236 l.lA 9.11 H9 00/0 0.1M2 0.110 0.048 94 38 6 102 13 12 2.&411 59 22 GC.a 1(1.13 3.4S 1& 1306 6.10 0.130 0.018 0.110 0,048 139 61 8 140 18 I~ 2J21 10 ~

GCII 3(1.36 919 .86 11.11 828 0.:l1li 0.120 0.120 0.062 113 66 11 I 161 26 31 2130 a.s 32

GC.a !O63 6.11 321 11.62 8.19 0.1110 0. loa 0.110 0.048 114 64 8 1.6 166 251 30 221. 16 32 GCII ~13 5.80 3DI 18.91 8.81 0220 0.132 0.120 0.062 113 10 10 1.6 159 25 31 1628 a.s 32 GC.a 10(1.1111 U3 266 16M 1.11 O.lOO 0.120 0.110 0.048 163 64 9 138 261 21 1;\11 a.s ~

GC.a 12(1.123 4.36 231 16.68 1.33 0.190 0.11. 0.110 0.D48 149 60 8 0.6 124 24 2J 2163 1. 21 GC.a 140.14 3.11 1.96 ,.,. 0.61 0.160 0.096 0.100 0.D44 130 63 1 I 112 21 21 1991 II 24 GC.a 1110 1M 368 1.96 1300 60a 0.150 0090 0090 0.009 119 61 0.5 104 loW 21 1~-18 .... 2J

c- ....... _ MlAI lilA.! IIAI ""AI CrlAl Cu/AI c;.,/AI MnlAI Nl/AI IIbIAl 1I1A1 VIAl In/AI ...,.,. (ppnII!!LIDOOOI (pp!nII!!'1o-11XII!O) (ppnII!!L11XII!O) (ppnII!!LIDOOOI {p!!!!!II!IL11XII!O) /I!!!!IIMl!.olOOOO' {p!!!!!II!ILIOOOO, !ppm/I!I1'olOOOOI !ppm~oIOOOO' /I!!!!IIMl!.olOOOO,

~ GC.a (1.3 3.45 D.OJ4 0D39 15.68 3O.M • III 0.804 82.01 10,45 9.66 1968 41.44 11.69

6l GC.a 1(1.13 3.3. D.043 Q.026 /0.13 2/.93 •. 38 0,50\8 16.68 9.86 10.41 1214 38.34 13.69

i-GCM .»36 110 oms 0.011 3651 1361 2.26 0.206 34.34 5.36 0.31 458 11.21 0.58 GCM !O63 2.51 Q..QI3 0.015 !>l29 19.60 2.45 0.459 41.11 18.10 9.19 691 23.21 9.1!O GeM ~11 2M D.043 0.011 6636 22110 3.26 0.489 61.110 8.14 10.42 6.lO 21.31 10.42 GC.a 10(1.103 3D4 OD41 ODI9 59,66 ~04 3.62 0.391 63.99 104.45 10.66 146 32.M 11.34

~ GC.a 12(1.123 UI D.049 D.OlI 6461 2600 3.41 0.211 63.14 10.40 10.40 931 32.94 11.10 GCII 140.14 3.31 D.049 D.Ol2 86.21 26.99 3,51 0101 61.04 10.10 10.10 101. 36.1. 12.22

0 GCM IIIOIM 3.12 D.046 D.02O 01.10 29,21 3.oa 0.251 63.40 94.41 10.78 11X11 32.M 11.81

1 f '< Q

tJ 1- t-..)

B .... )E

@

~ J:f

t ~ o

1 j 2 ~. §

*

C- Dope> AlK)l J>J SlO2 II IIOl D P206 'ioCr Cu co. Mn HI Rb 51 V In

"'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"" "'"', (ff>!n' (ff>!n' (ff>!n' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm'

oJGCOI ~3 0 eo OJGCOI )().13 091

6JGC01 21).21 I GC oJGCOl:II>ll I 25 oJGCO' 5I}503 111

oJGCOI 9IW3 232 olGCOI 1)()'1I1 101

oJGCOI 1:II>Ill HI oJGCOI 151} 1503 lol olGCOI 111> III Ho alGCOI 190-191 .. ~ oJGCOI 2)()'213 S ..

(Ul

0.08 0.56 (loo 0.62 121 159 160 102 211 2«1 2 \oS

5.IS S.49

5.91 6.49

UI 8&l 1280 IS)9 2QOO

201b 1915 2520

241 2.S1

2.16 3.00 3ID ~.Il

5.ge

1.19 9.38 9)9

.~

lila

0010 0010

0100 0020 0000 0010 0.130 01«1 0110 0190 0210 02L>Q

0006 0006 0.012

0.012

oOla

0042 O.Ola O~

0.102 O.II~

0126 0.156

ow 0.0&

00& 00&

00&

009 009 0.09 00& 00& 00& 00&

0.009 0005

0.005 0.005

0.005 0039 0.039

0039 0005 0005 0.005 0005

51 43

41

61 45. 82 66 93 93 106 109 149

I. 11 18

18

18 31 32 31 30 45. 46 49

0.5 05 0.5

0.5

0.5 0.5

I 05

I 1.5 1.5

38 41 40 45. 503 61 82 .3 101 101 109 141

C- Dope> lUJ>J IIIJ>J P/J>J 1oIJ>J Cl/J>J Cu/J>J co./J>J Mn/J>J HVAI Rb/J>J 5r1Al VIAl In/Al _ _ ~IOOOIIO! (ppm/,,"UIOQIlDO) ~IOOOIIO! (ppm/WI'J..IOOOOO, (ppm/WI'J..IOQIlDO) (ppm/WI'J..IOOOOO, (ppmI'MI'U'OOOOO' (pprnJIon..I(IO(l()Ol. Jppm!W!".'OOOOO, (ppmI'Ml'bIOOOOO'

6JGC01 ~3 5. II oJGCOI )()'Il 5.JJ oJGCOI 21).21 5.02 oJGCOI »Jl L!o9 oJGCOI 5I}503 4~

oJGCOI IIG.o3 330 6JGC01 I )().1I3 3.10 oJGCOI 1:11> III 3&1 oJGCOI 151} 1503 48a 6JGCOI 111> III 4()1 6JGC01 190 III) Jll oJGCOI 2)().21J 396

CUll CUll Q.02

Q.02

(l00 0.00 01lS 01lS 01lS 0.06 0.06 0.06

o.oa 0.01 Q.06

01lS Q.06

0.00 Q.02

Q.02

Q.02

(l02 CUll 0.01

'21D' eo.2& a5.1'1 1012lI n61 66.1a ~1.4J

50.00 .08." 45.94 45.46 49.02

4O.~

15.30 32.10 21.21 29.01 25.25 20.09 19.92 18.1. 19.50

19.19 1642

'.37 ~.15

363 ~.503

32J 3.26 1.26 1.61 20& 2.17 1.61 2.01

1.00 I.GC

0 .• ' 0.16 o.al 0.41 0.63 0.27 0.5.2 0.43 0.63 0.50

80.68 85.13 1267 68.02 85.59 5.4.51 51.47 50.06 52.51 46.31

45.." 49.25

16.98 16.61 14.503

1360 16.15 11.40 8.19 1.00 6.11 6.01 7.09 6.03

2.12

4.15 545. 1.56 8.01 9.11

12.5.5 11.84 13.503 13.81 1460 14.01

4709 45.64 3964 3292 l525 1811

1300 10&8 985 aoa 780 5.49

19.11

37.37 2362 27.21

1'.38 21.18 18.83 15.61 16.66 11.33 16.68 11.09

19.11

18.69 16.35 15.12

14.53 13.03 11.93 10.23 10.41 10.40 10.84 1006

8

9 10 I. 14 13 )j

I. 1/ 18

Oaplh (em,

().3

1().13

20.23 J().33 5I}53 9().93

1I()'1Il

1JQ.lll 15().153 1I()'113

19().1'3 211>213

" 11 20 U Jo JJ 3;

'J

2218 2198 2182

2118 2183

221. 2Il81 ~m

1093 ,-18/1 1038

16 13

16 12

26 30 'N 32 40 40

51

• 10

I. I~

I. 20 2' 20 30

t1 Ij.)

@

~

i ~ o ~. e!..

f '<

9 ~. g ~

c:- __ _ AI20l AI SIQ2 II IlO2 D P206 P Ia C, Cu G. MIl HI ib II V In

_ ~I CWt'IfoI ('oIt'I.1 CWt'IfoI CWt'IfoI ('oIt'I.! CWt'Ifo! CWt'IfoI (ppml (ppm! (ppm! (ppm) (ppm) __ <l>!>fnL _ U>!>fnJ _ (ppm) (ppm) (ppm!

GCI2A ~l ~Il 2/1500II 18.25 65.1061b93 0.2 OllO 0.09 0.009 5&9 31 32 1.5 4«l 29 3il GCI2A I-II ~ UJ61301 lUI 8a.lOllOl93 021 0126 0.09 0.009· 612 40 31 !.5 '151 29 j.)

GCI2A 1$-19 ~ 2.81l1&1 19.11 9.212958284 021 0.126 0.06 0.035 512 39 24 1.5 141 201 30 GCI2A »13 6.32).3018:15 21.19 10le52Ol5 026 OIM 0.06 0.035 612 50 29 1.5 132 236 .); GCI2A ~., 10l l.IlOMI :iU5 1096l1ml 0.3 01110 0.09 0.009 5M 49 38 1.5 121 24 51 GCI2A !O-!>l 1.10 ).1_ 22.52 10526Q418 D) 01110 0..06 0.035 412 40 42 1.5 liD 24 50

GCI2A III){o.l 1.48 3.964125 23.53 109\1652<1)2 0.32 0192 0.09 0.009 631 49 21 1.5 123 20 4d GCI2A ~13 936 4.963dl9 2811 IH191M55 0.4 0.240 0..06 0..035 519 51 30 IlO 29 <>3 GCI2A eI>43 9/1 ~11OOtIa 2913 13.1O'l59241 0. 42 0252 0.06 0..035 5/1 53 31 1.5 122 29 01 GCI:/A 1&93 10!i4 ~51UW 31.t2 141>&611119 0..45 0210 006 0.035 530 50 32 2 115 31 15 GCI:/A I IQ. II) 1016 509463/ 31.12 14!>1626421 045 0.210 0.09 0.009 4!i4 51 32 1.5 105 29 1.1 GCI:/A IlCH13 10M 5m314 3062 1431251142 0.44 0.264 0..09 0.009 544 51 40 99 31 74 GCI:/A 15().153 621 3_ lOI3 96b9132381 0.26 OIM 0.09 0.009 520 33 30 1.5 352 2.1 41 GCI:/A 1~1I3 918.bMoIlO 2144 12.-..0 0.4 0..240 0.09 o.OOY 41. 44 31 1.5 95 21 01 GCI:/A 11&193 10.96 5,,"0.1 3264 152561/11 0.411 02M 0.1 0044 362 411 42 2 104 31 14 GCIl" 23().2ll 1116 orn2/61 ll~2 1"'11~ (14' 0.281 01 0044 329 ~2 14 I.~ 102 33 III

c:-

GCI2A GCI:/A GCI:/A GCI:/A GCI2A GCI:/A GCI2A GCI:/A GCI:/A GCI:/A GCI:/A c,cl:/A GCI:/A c,cl:/A c,.c12A GCI:/A

_ _ "'AI II/AI "AJ IaIAJ C,/AJ cum Go/AJ Mn/AJ NVAJ ib/AJ II/AJ V/AJ In/AJ

_ .. jppnIwI'JoalOOOO) tppmJw!'Io.lOOOO) lfpmJw!YoolOOOO) (ppm/wrIooIDOOO! (ppmfWl'l,.IDOOOI (ppmfWl'l,. I DOOOI (ppmfWl'l,. I DOOOI (ppmfWl'l,.IDOOOI (ppmfWl'l,.IDOOO! (ppmfWl'l,.IDOOOI

~3

1·11 1$-19 J(l13 ~

~

III){o.l

~13

/663 1&9)

IIG III 1»113 1»1\.1 1~1I3

IW, 193

2»213

3.1' 311 321 306 295 2.16 2.18 2.11 265 263 2M 256 2«> 264 263 245

OJW 0.04 O.llol 005 0.06 0.06 005 0.06 0(6 005 0.06 0(6 006 0(6 006 0(6

0..0.1 00.1 00.1 00.1 0..01 0.01 00.1 0..01 DOl 00.1 DOl 00.1 001 001 00.1 0.01

216.9' 236119 19904 200.91 149.44 124M 169",9 104/1 111.59 '15.0.1 1912 9/.IS 150 22 86.04 6229 !i463

1363 ,.,0. IH1 14'15 13.11 IQ.M 12.38 10.30 10..25 896 no .11 10.""' fj~

b :io 063

11.19 13.04 8.35 UI 1021 lUll! 6.82 6.00 6.0.0 5.14 1>.62 1.14 9.13 1.62 1.23 5.65

0.55 0.\.1 0..52 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.38 0..40 0.29 0..36 0..20 0..36 0.46 0.31 0.34 0..25

102.06 335.24 49.06 39.46 32.52 29.00 31.0.1 2422 2369 2002 18.44

11.68 10./.10. IY55

II"" 10.94

10.68 10.22 /2.00 100.M

6.45 6.13 0.51 585' 5.01 51>6 509 554 1.00 5.1>6 551 5411

11.06 11.99 12.!>l 13.45 13./1 13.19 12.13 12.12 12.YO 1345 12.62 1322 12.41

1256 IV3 11.02

.,8 401 386

304 258 202 236 1M 145 123 III 121 322 160

112 106

16.51 15.66 13.92 1465 11.20 13.46 13.1. 12.11 12.16 11.29 10./1 11.43 1306 10:1" Y.46 963

1 •. 0.0 14.45 13.51 13.15 13.98 12.14 11.02 11.30 10..64 10.9' 10.19 10.54 12.16 11./3 1101 10.96

Sample Dop", (em)

1.5

II 31.5 41.5 51.5 01.5 11.5

81" 91.5 III:, \31 :, 151.5 1115 191.5 231.5

1136 1131 1I0cl 1011 900

'lVl 935

III 1# o6d

045 O<!il 11),>1 /10 <>-N

Wd

45 45 ., ~

64 51 ~2

60

OJ <>3 01 64 43 ou 55 ".

3cl ., 39 4.1 ~2

40 40

M 55 01 56

'" .u 51 04 0.>

t:l ~

~ 6i

f. £ o

l f '<

i i· Q:

B

~

c.. _.,..... ADOl ~ IIOZ II noa a P20I Ia C. eu Qe Mn HI Rb II V In _ i-rA1~) _ '"'"'I ,..,., .-., ,..,., ,..,., '-" (ppm! (ppm! (ppml (ppm! (ppm! (ppm! (ppml (ppml cP.xn1 Q>pm)

GCI6

c..

GCI6

~3 ... 1:1-15 »ZI »33 41>0 oQ.63 IIHl -1\0.111

1»133 _,M I .... ... , .... ,_.

5l» 4.91

5111 U2 5» 5.06 lAl 511 966 931 9l» 9:11 141 141

1_ 2.00 2.11 2.11 2.15 199 193 3J11 5.11 1.93 ... , 1.91 3.92 392

19.21 :n12 :n91 :nIl 1131

ZI~ :/6.11 l2.Il 33.13 JO.J

31.1W 21.13 ZI.19 ZI.19

6.91 9.AD 9.11 9.16 ID.~

IIJlI 12.52 10..66 15.11 14.16 11.51 12.91 1D.lW 10.14

0..2 (U9 0.21 0..21

0.12 D.2!i 0..33 o.lII D4/> 0.4 0.42 0..39 0.32 0.32

0.120 0.114 o.llII 0.126 0..132 0.150 0.191 0.156 0.216 0.2AI)

0.l52 0.l34 0.192 0.192

0..1 0..1 0.1 0..1 D.()I/ D.()I/ 0.1 D.()I/ D.()I/ 0..01 0..09 0.1 0.1 0..1

0.044 0..044 0..044 0..044 0..039 0..039 0..044 0..039 0.039 0..035 0..039 0..044 0..044 0..044

~

~ 321 310 310.

440 344 456 4Ja 328 311 266 292 m

39 42 43 41 4S 55 49 44 6& 58 59 55 II II

16 11 16 16

16 16 11 18 20 19 19 19 11 11

0..5 1.5 I

1.5

1.5

1.5 1.5 1.5

85 91 92 91 10.1 121 12!i 117 121 10.1 113 106 lOS lOS

__ "'~ III...."~ 1aI~ elf.... eU/~ Qe,.... MnI~ NV~ Ib'~ "'~ V'~ w .... _ """"",","'_ """"",","1_ """"",","IDO!JOO) !ppm/II!I!oolOO6OOI !ppm/II!I!oolOO6OOI lppmtwrr.o1006001 lppmtwrr.o1006001 !ppm/II!I!ool006001 lppmtwrr.oIOO6OO! !ppm/II!I!ool006001

~3 ... 12-15 »ZI »33 -oQ.63 IIH3 -1\0.113

1»133 110-153 , .... ,6111 .... ,6111

3.33 3.1>2 l.S1 lAD 361

361 311 3.41

3J11 2.61 3112 164 216 216

o..oe 0.0.1. 0044 OD!1 D.045 QJlI6 o.JJLt 0.0.15 004/> 00.14 Q050 QJlI3

OJl5O DJlII OJl5I QJlI3 0.054 QOOII

IlIM'I 0.001 Q052 0.001 0041 0.009 IlIM'I QJlII 0.0019 00.11

I:IIJll 132.11 116.31 1:11.99 129.95 141.15

IU8 141.30. 85.61

66!il 65119 54.16 1446 14.4/>

lUI

'.'6 IUS 14.29

1500 18.39 12.41> 14.31 12.71 11.11 1226 11.20 9.6111 96111

5.94 6M 5.15 6.51 6.62 6.J5 4.12 5.85 3.91 3.16 3.95 3.11 4.33 4.33

0..311 0..315 0..359 0..114 0..521 0.»4 0..311 0.32!i 0..293 0..0 0.416 D.lOS 0.312 D.lI2

31.55 35.02 33.OS 33.82

31.58 AD.41 31.19 lI.OS 24.14

2050 23.49 21.58 26.11 26.11

I.OS 8.01 1.90 6.91 1.02 6.69 5.85 6.83 5.81 5.28

5.82 5.29 6.12 6.12

10.11 11.54 11.85 11.85 13.35 IU8 13.48 13.66 13.30 13.39

12.66 12.0.1 11.22 11.22

... 610 511 539 556 489

309 41>0 150 201 245 259 364 364

11.82 18.86 11.60 11.18 11.61 11.06 14.15 11.21 16.43 12.18 12.26 12.62 14.02 14.02

13.36 13.08 13.29 13.2!i 13.35 13.31

11.95 13.33 10.95 10.55 11.43 10.19 11.41 11.41

19 21

22 20

20 20 23 21 30 26 28 2. 24 24

29 J()

.1.1 3.1 30 -*l 53 42 Oil 06 ., 59 4.1 ....

1518 llido I~

l:..so 1M.! 10103 1211 1413 108 1018 liN 1212 IJ21 loIll

..,

.09

.09 51 53 51 f.cI 56 8J 60 59 62 55 55

30 3.1 31

18 18 AD 41 41 56 52 55 53 4S 4S

CI VI

@

~ 1=1'

t ~ o

1 J 9 ~. I:t §

*

- c-.

/iJ GCI8

_ c-.

/iJ GCI4

0..., .... JIOl n AllO) I<J SI02 II P20~ Ia CI c. HI V

~ !I!f'!!I (Wftl ~I twnl ~l (Wftl ~l ~"" """" ~ - lee!!)! ~ lee""

I!IO 100 Q1D 0.12 041 2.56 21.af 10.21 0.11 0..048 130 45 0 19 49 1I!1O Ii6 0.1~ UOO 392 2D1 18.91 4.84 0.1 0..044 12. l8 I~ «J 41!1O III 0.13 !WI 363 1.81 18.56 8.611 0..1 0.044 122 36 I~ 31 11!1O 44 0.13 !WI 31. 1.13 III.~ 11.86 0.09 0.009 112 32 I~ II

1lI5O 9J 0.13 !WI 324 1.11 20.11 9.11 0.1 0.044 100 32 14 2Y 26I!1O W o.lS UOO 3A9 I.8S 20.30 9.52 0.1 0..044 III II 14 OM

Depe\ tA/AJ IVA.! PIA.! lolA.! Cf/AJ euJA.! g. Mlt./IJ NJAJ Rb S. . V/AJ . lnJ/IJ Depth '"'" (ppmIwf"L-'Ol.lW1 (Ppml'w!'4aICD:'.Q) fpptnJ~.IOOOO) (pptnhtn..100CIJ) <Pfm.t-n.-IOOOO) n/wn..IO (Ppmhrn..I~ _tp~~.~9(00) f,ppm/wn..lOOOO) (ppm/wn..,otlX), (~m)

I!IO 40.1 CUMI 0.019 51D1 lIa 2.36

1I!1O 4:l6 Q04J QD21 /All 18.J2 lAl

.'!IO 464 Q042 Q023 06.30 19.21 2a 1150 513 ~ Q023 6492 18.56 2.90 2ll!lO S06 ~ ~ 58.32 lUI> 2.33 :l6I!10 S.I~ QIW9 ' ruJ/A /AID 11.81 2.11

0..39 4164 146 9.82 0.24 1{J.9/ 1.23 10.12 0.64 4U3 1100 10.11 0.58 411.69 1169 10..43 Q58 64 2. 11.10 11.06 0.:;4 411.18 1.58 10..113

662 19.25 W3 19.211 99J 19.80 1110 19.13 1090 10.91 lOCO 111.41

11.00 11m 11.111 1101 10..50 10..113

1.50 11.50 41.50 1150 231.50 26Uil

In G. lib II

lee"" ~ !ee!!ll ~

26 25 11& ,) o.~ 21 11152

22 19 111M

I- III 1925 I. 20 11109 21) 20 , ... ,

t:1 0\

~ i ~ ~

~ t i '< Q

1-8 ~

___ '7GC2t

c:.. .... Dope> AQOI Aj 1102 II 1102 n 1\106 ... Co Cu ~ loin HI Ib So V In

GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC29

c..

GC29 GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I GC2'I

_ ~I ~1~'~' C ..... , cwn!' cwn!' ~, (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm'. !I>Pm! (ppm' (ppm' (ppm' (ppm'

~1

1~1l

»33 5().503 ~11

'»-93 .1~1I1

,»133 15().1503 1~111

1~I.l

111

211 411 (/2 103 112

2.ll6 119 1&1 1119 lea

0942 1.111 U91 HOle I_ 0910 UIiO 0.941 om '.wi 6995

II~

11.503 11.10

'U2 1281 9.1X! 9.12

9.1' .10 966 eo

5.11

539 830 1.08 5.99 422 45. 421 .56 ... 402

001 Dot> 0.\8 019 012 Dot> 0.01 Dot> Dot> DO> Dot>

0.042 0.030 0.108 0.114 0.012 0.030 0.042 0.030 0.030 0.0l0 0030

0.01 0.08 008 0.09 0.08 0.01 001 0.01 001 0.01 001

0031 0.015 0.015 0.039 0.015 0.031 0.031 0.031 0031 0031 0031

95

90

142 118 91 61 92 80 12 eli 1.

21 21 44 50 4l 21 33 26 29 30 21

8 8 5

0.5 0.5 I

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 05 05 05

05

69 94 '1l 15 53 60 56 56 M 51

_ Dope> IIIAj II/Aj p/Aj lla/Aj C,/Aj Cu/Aj ~/Aj Mn/Aj Nl/Aj Ib/Al So/Al VIAl In/AI 6GM) __ ~Iaaoo) Cppm/WI'Io_IOOOO) (ppmIWt"Io.IOODO) (ppmlwff,..tOOOO) CppmIwf'J.-IOOOO) (ppm/wt"l..IOOOO) (ppm1wt'l..IOOOO) (ppm/wt'lo.IOOOO) (ppmJ\wt'l,_IOOOO) (ppmIWn..IOOOO)

CU ~Il

»33 5().53 ~Il

'»-93 1I~1I1

1»133 15().1503 1~1I3

190-193

HO Ul 133 1.01 111 .... .11 451 401 400 404

0.D45 0032 0.032 0031 0.D4l 001. 0040 0.010 0.045 0.022 0.040 0.034 0_ 0.l12li 0.038 0.032 0.030 0.031 o.mo 0.031 0.030 0031

101 61 51 .1 60 01 64

.64 11 eli 1.

2229 <0 .... 11.05

2002 20bl 29.60 3021 21.45 29.30

29.99 21.1'

6.31 2.69 321 3.20 3.12 2.20 1.83 3.11 3.03 3.00 '.02

0.531 0.4018 0.401 0.400 0.312 0.549 0.469 0528 0.505 0.500 0.503

69.00 01.19 31.11 1Ul 41>.11 58.22 M.Ol 59.11 56.58 54.99 51.29

9.66 8.95 0.82 1.21

8.13 10.99 10.09 10.56 9.09 10.00 12.05

8~

1.10 12.04 12.01 9.98 0.59 9.11 1.39 9.09 9.00 8.04

2094 1789 701 110 1270 2394 2014 2245 2142 2110 2213

22.29 11.01 20.80 22.02 23.07 24.1/

.26.60 25.33 19.20 22.99 29.15

Il.ea II .... 10.03 10.41 11.22 12.08 11.92 12.61 12.13 12.00 14.01

10 II 16 14 10 II 10

I~

Il

;;u .lIl I.

• 10 1

,.13

19Id lIoJ 1774 20JI 211. 2190 212/ 21211 llll Z2lll

21 19 62 M 37 22 29 24 I. 23 29

II IJ 25 20 18 II 13 11 12 12 IJ

9

@

t f. ~ o

1 r '< S(

1-g ......

~

~ c..

oJ GC«i

~ Coo_

., GC«i

Oet* t.Ift 002 n ADOS AJ SK)2 SrI n05 Ia c. Cu HI V Zn G. Rb it I<Iftl _ __ __ ~L (WI'Io) (WI'Io) (WI'Io) (WI'Io) (WI'Io) (wn.) Iwn.) (ppm) !ppm) (ppm) !ppm) !ppm) !ppm) ~_ (pptrI) __ ~

1.5 ~

I~

I~

V.5 ~.5

~.5

M.5 ~5

11.5 ~.5

111.5 1l1.5 W.5 111.5 ~5

lUlY

191 1113 104

1" 191 ~19

104 264 104 us 265 201 101 272 2b6

529 eo

'" '" 4!>l 121

121 IZI 123 IV 115 101 III 121 1«1 ,.1

lillY

Q.OI5

Q.OIl

nooo 1)0lIO

Q.OII9 OUJI Q.OII

o.u;s Q.086

Q.OII

o.u;s OUl]

0fJfJ0

O!&' OUJI

0. .. 0.1. 0.1. 0.1. Q.2l

0.2A

0.21 Il.JO Il.JO Q.l2

IUl lUI 0.29 0A2 1)2A

0.1.

PJIY

0.019 0.01/ 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.01. 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 OUR Q.((R

0.011 o.wo 0016

0011 0,,"

0.10 0.10 0.14

0.1' 0.1. 0.18 0.1. 0.19 O:al I)ZI

0.11 O~

0.14 0.10

tom

).51 3Al 3.11 3.17

'.81 6.23 • !» ... .51 6.68

7.36 806 .,7 9.30 61lO •. 18

O/IY

1.86

1.82 2.00 2.00 2.68 211 3.46 3.51 3A11 3.54 l.90 H7 l27

'.92 2 ..... 2.21

CuJAJ

11.56 11.38 12.54 12.54 I •.•

18.eo 21./0 21.38 21.88 21.(,5

23.71 ~.6

2086 2869 18.06 14.11

r;./IY

UO 6.32 5.86 5.86 7.67 8.83 10.1 • 9.09 10.23 1007

11011

11.91

9.56 1l.41 8.44 •. w

Mn/AI

0.1)1

001 0.01

0.0/ 01)1

01» 0.011 0.011 om O~ 0.011 01» 000 01» 0.11 0011

Nl/AI

0.03

0.03 0.03

003

003

0.04 0.03

003 004 n04 003

0.04 003 0.04 006 003

lib/AI

1007 ..... 998 998 86S 1., 88l 919

818 1011 7011 461 521 .,9 711 818

"/AI

33 36 44

44

!» SS W 63 os 68 .7 56 50 69 .. 35

VIAl

39

41 34 34 42 31 31 41 39

39 42 38 3J .. 35 25

WAI (ppmIwI'J. 0 10000) ~_oIDOOllLJp~'I\I'!'~o_LOO<lI!L~n. 0100(0) Vwn. 0 1(mIwn. 0 ICJjYWJ'! ol( (ppm/wn.o 100(0) (ppm/wI'J. 0 100(0) (ppmfwn. 0 100(0)

5421» !»104 son I. son I. 334.\12 21493 25650 218f!> 15251 28591 181.1> 1(.801

1f!>!>5 ti!51b

2" os

17.1. 19.13

ZlC6 Zl06

2052 19.87 17.36

17.113

1169 ,.4, 17.20 13.13 1531

"W I~ II

20.99 22f!> 11D4 17D4 1.2> 11.20 1071

11." II.ZI 1100

"10.18 1.91 10.11 9.1" 11.81

0.!>38

0215 O.~I

0.251 0387 0542

. 0.269

0.421

OAlI 0566 0.385 03S2 0_ 0.406 0.331

284.11 49.03

83.70 83.10 115.40 4588 36.15 34.12

.35.31 35.92 29.52 25.011 34>1 25.lKl

.'.2"

12.38 1.11 852 8.52 8.91 10.48 8.10 825 8.34 1.92 I .....

.00 1 ..... 6.91 1.1»

102l 10.41 10!» In!» 10.45 1120 12.15 11.96 10.64 11.03 11.(,5

II.W 10.12 11.38

11.81

696 101 633 633 439 31> 211 2M 264 248

211 191 2'12 ISS 363

23.15 21.48

2206 22.06 24.39

2 •. 01 2228 24.1. 23.81 ZI.06 21.31 11.82 19.91 11.68 16.20

18.30 18.18 11.54

. 11.54 16.26

1 •. 6.2 14.1. 1500 13.52 14.99

13 .• ' 11./2 13.18 12.39 14.51

23 14 17 17 23 29 28 29 29 28 31 29 2. 34 21 22

D.pIII (em)

1.5 7.5 15.5 21.5 31.5 41.5 51.5 61.5

71.5 91.5 1115 131.5 151.5

"Ui 191.5

43 39 44 4-1

63 /2 11 81 II.)

18 83 1. os 81 48 51

l-I 3J l5 .10

42 -b 61 :'>l 41

:'>l oJ

"" .. 01 43 l-I

0.5

0.5

05 I

15

I.:)

15 2

15 15 1.5

19

19

21

21

21 11 42

42 II

1~

45 41

35 56 .10 21

1m 12M 1262 1262

1135 100 9iII 934 011 815 m 814 Q65 7., 1011 II!»

t) 00

Down-core profile of Si/AI ratio, core 67GC12A

Silicon! Aluminium

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

o '

~ Iii

f.

1: I ~ 0

i j S( -E

1- .s. ~ g CD ... Q 150

~

I I

200 .!-

250 -

••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Down-core profile of lilA I ratio, core 67GC12A

Titanium/Aluminium

0.040 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.047 0.048 0.049 0.050

0.000 -r----t----+------t--2+a=-=-~-=--+---t---r-------t-------j

---------50.000

t:J ..... o

E 100.000 I .2

i Q 150.000

200.000

250.000

Down-core profile of RbI AI (ppm/wt%= 10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

Rubldluml Aluminium

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

0

@

~ ~ ~ 50+ ~ I

! 0 I ~. I !.

J i

I _ 100 T

~ E I

1-~ I

a I g ~ i .... o 150 -+-~ w i ! I I I I

200 .1

I 250 1

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Down-core profile of Sr/AI (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

Strontium/Aluminium

0.00 SO.OO 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 450.00

0 I • @

f J.

~I ~ C§. et r '< 100 1-~ -E

1- .e :E

I:f. a. 8 G» I .... o 150 I ~ T

I· I 1

I 200-;-

1 I

i I

250 1-

Down-core profile of VIAl (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio. core 67GC12A

Vanadium! Aluminium

0.00 2.00 4.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

o ! @

~ ~

wt gj

~ 0

l J '< _ 100 T ~ E

1- .s. :E g c. CD .... o lW I ~

i 200+

I I

250 1

••••••••••••.••••••••• e· ••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

@

~

f. ~ 0 ~. /l!.

i '<

i B ... ~

0.00

0

I

i I

5O~ I

I

I I

fOOT :5 I a. CD

Q 150 + I I I

I 200 1

I I i

I !

250 1

2.00

Down-core profile of Zn/AI (ppm/wtO/O=10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

4.00 6.00

Zlncl Aluminium

8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

Down-core profile of Ge/AI (ppm/wt'o=10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

Germanluml Aluminium

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

0~1------~----~------1-----~-------r' -~~--~

I ..--------50 1

I

- 100 T ~ ! :S . Q. I

CI I Q 150 -+-

! I

i i I

I I

200 ~ I ! !

! i

250 ...:...

---------. --------------

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Down-core profile of Cu/AI (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio, core 67GC12A

Copper! Aluminium

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

o +.---------r--------4---------~--------+_--------T_------_.~=_----~

I 50+

~ Iii

J. [ 0 ~. !.

r '< ~

1-g .... 12

0.000 0.100

Down-core profile of Gel AI (ppm/wt%= 10000) ratio, core 67GC45

0.200

Germanium/Aluminium'

0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600

0 I ~----------T-----------r-------::~==========~===========c===.------~

~ i

20 + I

40 1 60 1

T 80+ - I E

0 I - , :S 100 ---

i I Q 120 1-

140 1 I ,

160 + I

180 1-

2001

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

2.5000

Down-core profile of Si/ AI ratio, core 67GC45

Silicon! Aluminium

3.0000 3.5000

o +I------~--------------------~~~----+-----------------------------------~

20+ I I

401-I I

I 60+

i I

801-E I .!:!. i :s 100 T Q. I CD I

o 120 + I

i ' i I

140 T

I 160 ~

I I

180 T I I

200.1.

10.000

i

160 ~ ! i

180 + i !

200~

Down-core profile of Rb/AI (ppm/wt%=10000) ratio, core 67GC45

Rubidium/Aluminium

10.500 11.000 11.500 12.000 12.500

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

~ Iii

f. £ 0

1 J '< r;(

1-Q:

B .... ~ ~

0.000

o I 20 I T

I 4O-i

60 1

- 80 E .a. :e 100 D-• Q 120

140 T 160 1

180 T I

200 1

Down-core profile of SrI AI (ppm/wt'o= 10000) ratio, core 67GC45

200.000

I .

~trontluml Aluminium

400.000 600.000

I

800.000

B o

Down-core profile of CuI AI (ppm/wt% = 10000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

CuI AI (ppm/wt% = 10000)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

o -i----~----~------------r-----------+-----------~~~~.~----~

20 1 !

40+ !

i

60~

801 E I ~ I = 100 T D. '

8 120 1 I

140 1 I

i

:: r I I

200 1

t1 N -

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

0.00

Down-core profile of VIAl (ppm/wtO/O = 10000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

5.00 10.00

v / AI (ppm/wt% = 10000)

15.00 20.00 25.00

O-,------~----_r------r_----~-~

20 1 I :t !

80 1

E T () I - ! a 100 T G» I

c 120 + I

140 J.. ,

I

160 + i I

180 1-I I

200 1. ./

30.00

0.00

Down-core profile of Zn/AI (ppm/wt% = 10000) ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin

5.00

Zn/ AI (ppm/wt% = 10000)

10.00 15.00

o ~,-----------------r----------------+-----------------~-------7 i

~l '

401 I

60' 801

E I .!!. t 100 T Q 120

140 T 160 I 180 T

I I

200 -L •

20.00

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Down-core profile of Til AI ratio, core 67GC45 Otway Basin·

lI/AI

0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

0 i ~ @ i

~ 2O-+-

----------,

t- o

7' I

40..!...

~ I I

~. i 60+ el i

J I 8O...L '<

tj i E I I· .e. ~ I: 100 ~

B fi I .... Q 120 + ~

140 ~ I

160 I 180 I

I 200~

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