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90352HG/TI/104187/Jun14/E4(Jun1490352H01)
General Certificate of Secondary Education
Higher Tier
June 2014
Geography 90352H
(Specification B)
Unit 2 Hostile world and Investigating the shrinking world
Thursday 22 May 2014 9.00 am to 10.30 am
For this paper you must have: the insert (enclosed) a ruler.You may use a calculator.
Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. You may use pencil for maps,
diagrams and graphs. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer two questions: one question from Section A and one question
from Section B. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 86. You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English– organise information clearly– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Spelling Punctuation and Grammar will be assessed in questions 1(e)(iii) or 2(f) and 3(e) or 4(e). The marks available for Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) are shown below the mark allocation for each question.
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
TOTAL
H
A
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Section A – Hostile world
Answer one question from Section A, either Question 1 or Question 2.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 43 marksLiving with natural hazards
1 Study Figure 1. Figure 1 shows information about an earthquake. The earthquake affected Japan in March 2011.
Figure 1
Epicentre
City
Plate boundary
Sea
SevereStrength of shaking:
Direction ofplate movement
PacificPlate
Key
Tokyo
Pacific Ocean
0 100 km
0 400 km
N
Kofu
Philippine Plate
Eurasian Plate
Tokyo
JAPAN
Sendai
StrongModerateWeak
Japan
N
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1 (a) Describe the location of the earthquake epicentre.[3 marks]
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1 (b) Suggest how the effects of earthquakes can be reduced.[5 marks]
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1 (c) Explain why volcanoes occur at plate boundaries.[4 marks]
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1 (d) Explain why people live in areas at risk from volcanic eruptions.[5 marks]
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1 (e) Study Figure 2 on the insert. Figure 2 gives information about a tropical storm (Hurricane Dean) in 2007.
1 (e) (i) Describe the predicted path of Hurricane Dean between 17 August 2007 and 22 August 2007.
[3 marks]
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1 (e) (ii) Suggest why the tropical storm (Hurricane Dean) became less powerful after 22 August 2007.
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1 (e) (iii) On 17 August, all the people living on the coast of Texas should have been evacuated.
Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your decision.[8 marks]
[SPaG 3 marks]
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1 (f) Explain how wildfires can start.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[6 marks]
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1 (g) Study Figure 3. Figure 3 shows an area at risk from wildfires.
Figure 3
Key
0 2 km
N
VineyardsLake
Large city
Forest Main road PrevailingwindCampsite
Nature reserve
Log cabinholiday park
National Park boundary
Farmland
Small settlement withholiday homes
Suggest why the area shown in Figure 3 should be protected from wildfires.[3 marks]
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The challenge of extreme environments Total for this question: 43 marks
2 (a) Study Figure 4. Figure 4 shows areas of Australia with a very high risk of desertification.
Figure 4
Key
NPrevailing windCold oceancurrentState boundary
Very high riskof desertification
Tasmania
IndianOcean
PacificOcean
Tropic ofCapricorn
Queensland
Victoria
Hot desertHigh mountains
New SouthWales
SouthAustralia
WesternAustralia
NorthernTerritory
0 400 km
Describe the distribution of the areas with a very high risk of desertification shown in Figure 4.
[3 marks]
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2 (b) Explain how hot desert environments are formed.
Use Figure 4 and your own knowledge.[5 marks]
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2 (c) Describe the climatic causes of desertification.[3 marks]
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2 (d) Describe how desertification can be managed.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[5 marks]
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2 (e) Study Figure 5. Figure 5 is a world map showing areas of tropical rainforest and deforested areas.
Figure 5
Equator
Tropic ofCancer
Tropic ofCapricorn
South-east Asia
Congo Basin
AsiaNorth
AmericaEurope
Africa
SouthAmerica
Amazon Basin
KeyDeforested area Tropical rainforest
Australasia
2 (e) (i) Describe the distribution of areas of tropical rainforest.[2 marks]
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2 (e) (ii) Suggest why the rate of deforestation might change in the future.[4 marks]
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2 (f) Study Figure 6 on the insert. Figure 6 gives information about an area of tropical rainforest in Ecuador, a less developed country in South America.
Drilling for oil in Yasuni National Park has more advantages than disadvantages.
Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your decision.[8 marks]
[SPaG 3 marks]
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2 (g) Study Figure 7. Figure 7 shows some human activities in cold environments.
Figure 7
Coldenvironments
Explain how cold environments provide economic opportunities.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[6 marks]
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2 (h) Study Figure 8. Figure 8 shows an area in a cold environment. This area is at risk from development.
Figure 8
Area where polarbears hunt
Traditional villageSeal colony Mountainous areaCaribou
migrationrouteLake
Sea
Large populations offish and whales
Key
0 50 km
Untouched wilderness area
Breeding groundsfor migratory birds
Coastal lowlands
N
Suggest why the region shown in Figure 8 should be protected from development. [4 marks]
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End of Section A
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Section B – Investigating the shrinking world
Answer one question from Section B, either Question 3 or Question 4.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Investigating the globalisation of industry Total for this question: 43 marks
3 (a) Study Figure 9. Figure 9 shows the location of factories owned by a Transnational Corporation (TNC).
Figure 9
Equator
USACorporate HQ12 factories
Mexico1 factory
Singapore1 factory
Japan1 factory
Canada1 factory UK
3 factories
China4 factories
India3 factories
Corporate headquarters (HQ) Indiana, USKey:
3 (a) (i) With the help of Figure 9, explain what is meant by a Transnational Corporation (TNC).[4 marks]
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3 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why many TNCs have opened factories in less developed countries such as India.
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3 (b) Explain how the development of TNCs can cause problems.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[6 marks]
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3 (c) Study Figure 10. Figure 10 gives information about six countries’ trade with China.
Figure 10
0
5
10
15
20
25
Austra
lia
Country
% of tradewith China
Brazil
Egypt
India UK
USA
Key
20101992
3 (c) (i) Describe the change in the UK’s trade with China between 1992 and 2010 shown in Figure 10.
[2 marks]
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3 (c) (ii) Suggest two reasons why trade between China and the countries shown in Figure 10 changed between 1992 and 2010.
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3 (d) The development gap is the difference in economic development between countries.
Study Figure 11. Figure 11 gives information about Canada and Sri Lanka in 2011.
Figure 11
Country HDIHDI ranking out of 187 countries
GNI GNI ranking out of 187 countries
Canada 0.91 6 35 166 16
Sri Lanka 0.69 97 4 943 109
Human Development Index (HDI) – a measure of quality of life from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest)
Gross National Income (GNI) – average income (US$) per year
Describe the development gap between Canada and Sri Lanka.
Use Figure 11.[2 marks]
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3 (e) Explain how industrial growth brings social and economic benefits to an area.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[8 marks]
[SPaG 3 marks]
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3 (f) Suggest reasons for the growth of science and research parks in more developed countries.
[5 marks]
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3 (g) Study Figure 12. Figure 12 gives information about a factory that has been designed to manage the impacts of industrial development sustainably.
Figure 12
Carbon neutral.
Uses 25% less energy than other factories of the same size.
Designed to stay comfortably cool in the hot, tropical climate.
‘Bricks’ made of local earth trap less heat in the building than other materials would.
Explain how the factory in Figure 12 is an example of sustainable industrial development.
[6 marks]
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Investigating global tourism Total for this question: 43 marks
4 (a) Study Figure 13. Figure 13 shows the location of hotels owned by a tourism company.
Figure 13
Equator
USA1 hotel
Senegal1 hotel
Malaysia1 hotel
Thailand1 hotel
Mexico2 hotels
Brazil3 hotels
The Caribbean5 hotels
Morocco5 hotels Japan
2 hotels
China3 hotelsTunisia
4 hotels Egypt3 hotels
Indonesia2 hotels
FranceGreeceItalyPortugalSwitzerlandTurkey
23 hotels1 hotel5 hotels1 hotel3 hotels6 hotels
Hotels in Europe
NORTHAMERICA
SOUTHAMERICA
EUROPE ASIA
AUSTRALASIA
AFRICA
4 (a) (i) With the help of Figure 13, describe how tourism has become a global industry.[4 marks]
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4 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why the global tourism company has opened hotels in less developed countries such as Thailand and Indonesia.
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4 (b) Explain how the growth of tourism can create social and economic problems.
Use examples you have studied.[6 marks]
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4 (c) Study Figure 14. Figure 14 shows changes in international tourist arrivals between 2003 and 2012.
Figure 14
– 4
0
+4
+8
+12
– 2
+2
+6
+10
2003
% change ininternationaltourist arrivals
2004 2005Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4 (c) (i) Describe the change in international tourist arrivals between 2010 and 2012.
Use Figure 14.[2 marks]
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4 (c) (ii) Suggest two ways in which international travel has an impact on the global environment.
Use Figure 14 and your own knowledge.[4 marks]
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4 (d) The development gap is the difference in economic development between countries.
Study Figure 15. Figure 15 gives information about Canada and Egypt in 2011.
Figure 15
Country HDIHDI ranking out of 187 countries
GNI GNI ranking out of 187 countries
Canada 0.91 6 35 166 16
Egypt 0.64 113 5 269 107
Human Development Index (HDI) – a measure of quality of life from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest)
Gross National Income (GNI) – average income (US$) per year
4 (d) (i) Describe the development gap between Canada and Egypt.
Use Figure 15.[2 marks]
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4 (d) (ii) Explain how tourism can help to raise standards of living and income.
Use Figure 15 and your own knowledge.[5 marks]
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4 (e) Explain how management and planning can reduce conflict in a tourist honeypot.
Use an example(s) you have studied.[8 marks]
[SPaG 3 marks]
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4 (f) Study Figure 16. Figure 16 gives information about Basata Lodge. Basata Lodge is an ecotourism development in Egypt.
Figure 16
All the staff are local.
Vegetables are grown in Basata’s own greenhouse.
Food waste is fed to the lodge’s goats.
Cabins are simply furnished using local materials.
Mud-walled chalets built using local materials.
The sea water is pumped ashore and the salt removed on site.
Fish are caught just offshore.
Explain how the ecotourism development in Figure 16 is an example of sustainable tourism.
[6 marks]
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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Figure 1: © United States Geological Survey (USGS)Figure 5: © United NationsFigure 10: Data Source: Financial TimesFigure 12: © Holcim FoundationFigure 14: © UNWTO, 9284401513Figure 16: © Naftali Hilger
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