Page 1
71
Centre Number
Candidate Number
New
Specifi
catio
n
TotalMarks
5543
TIME1 hour 30 minutes.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page.Section A: candidates must answer this section.Section B: answer all three questions in this section.You should write your answers for Section A and Section B in the spaces provided in this question paper.Section C: answer any two questions from this section. Write youranswers to Section C on the lined pages at the end of this paper.You are provided with an insert sheet for use with question 2.Do not write your answers on this insert.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATESThe total mark for this paper is 90.Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions.Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question.
For Examiner’s use only
Question Marks Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS)General Certificate of Education
2010
GeographyAssessment Unit AS 2
assessingHuman Geography
[AG121]
FRIDAY 4 JUNE, AFTERNOON
AG
121
Page 2
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Section A
Answer this section.
1 (a) Study Resource 1A which shows population totals for the states of the Central Region of Mexico.
Resource 1A
Number on map (Resource 1B) Central Mexican State Population Total
1 Federal District 8 500 000
2 Hidalgo 2 250 000
3 Morelos 1 500 000
4 Puebla 5 000 000
5 Queretaro 1 500 000
6 State of Mexico 13 000 000
7 Tlaxcalo 1 000 000
Figures rounded to nearest 250,000
(i) Using a dot distribution mapping technique, complete the key and map to show the population density of the Central Mexican states on Resource 1B. The key must illustrate the precise dot value. [7]
© Prof. R V Kemper http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/INEGI/INEGI_Mexico_Population_by_states_by_gender_1910-2000.htm
Page 3
5543 3 [Turn over
1
2
34
5
67
Key
:
010
0kmN
No
te:
Mex
ico
Cit
y is
loca
ted
wit
hin
are
a 1
Stat
e b
ou
nd
ary
Bel
.B
eliz
e
Gu
at.
Gu
atem
ala
Ho
n.
Ho
nd
ura
s
- - -
US
A
Gu
at.B
el.
Ho
n.
MEX
ICO
400
km
NA
rea
of
mai
n m
ap
Res
ourc
e 1B
Page 4
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Examiner OnlyMarks Remark
(ii) Explain one disadvantage of a dot distribution technique for the mapping of population data.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [2]
(b) Study Resource 1C which is a satellite image of Mexico City and its surrounding environment.
(i) Describe how the dominant landuse in grid square B2 differs
from C2.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [2]
(ii) Using evidence from Resource 1C, outline and explain one factor which may have influenced the urban expansion of Mexico City.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [3]
Page 5
5543 5 [Turn over
Res
ourc
e 1C
Mex
ico
City
Cen
tral
Pea
k
Tolu
ca
Mun
eco
Pea
k
Mou
nt A
iusc
o
Xic
o P
eak
Pop
oca
tepe
tl
Izta
ccih
uatl
Tla
loc
Pea
k
3 2 1
AB
C
KE
Y UR
BA
N A
RE
AS
Urb
an a
reas
app
ear
as p
urpl
eor
sha
des
of p
ale
blue
. The
imag
edi
spla
ys T
oluc
a to
the
Eas
t of
Mex
ico
City
.
RIV
ER
S A
ND
LA
KE
S
The
se c
an a
ppea
r as
bla
ck o
rric
h bl
ue d
epen
ding
on
dept
h, s
edim
ent
load
and
sur
face
turb
idity
. Lag
o de
Texc
oco
is e
vide
nt to
the
Eas
t of
the
City
.
FO
RE
ST
S
Fore
sts
typi
cally
app
ear
as a
lush
gre
en.
MO
UN
TAIN
S
Mou
ntai
ns c
an b
e id
entif
ied
byth
eir
irre
gula
r to
pog
raph
y an
dsh
aded
rel
ief.
Mou
ntai
ns c
an v
ary
inco
lour
dep
endi
ng o
n ve
geta
tion
cove
r.
FAR
ML
AN
D
A r
ed, p
ink
and
gre
en p
atte
rnca
n si
gnify
farm
land
. Gre
enre
pres
ents
veg
etat
ion
and
red/
pink
indi
cate
s ba
re s
oil.
VO
LCA
NO
ES
The
blu
e si
gnifi
es ic
e w
here
asth
e pi
nk to
nes
mai
nly
illus
trat
e as
h.
© S
atel
lite
imag
e of
Mex
ico
City
by
Geo
logy
.com
, com
pose
d w
ith L
ands
at G
eoC
over
from
NA
SA
Page 6
5543 6 [Turn over
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(c) A geographer studying tourist service distribution in Florence, Italy mapped the distribution of museums in the centre of the city as illustrated in Resource 1E on page 7. Resource 1D below, is a partially completed Nearest Neighbour Analysis of their distribution.
Resource 1D
Museum NearestNeighbour
Distance(km) Museum Nearest
NeighbourDistance
(km) 1 2 0.064 17 16 0.121
2 1 0.064 18 19 0.157
3 4 0.057 19 20 0.086
4 3 0.057 20 19 0.086
5 2 0.186 21 20 0.200
6 7 0.186 22 20 0.179
7 6 0.186 23 24 0.107
8 0.134 24 23 0.107
9 10 0.143 25 27 0.071
10 9 0.143 26 10 0.179
11 12 0.143 27 25 0.071
12 0.043 28 29 0.236
13 12 0.043 29 28 0.236
14 18 0.378 30 22 0.278
15 16 0.136 31 0.321
16 17 0.121 Sum = 4.519
Area = 2.534 km2
(i) Using Resource 1E on page 7, complete Resource 1D by filling in the missing values. [3]
Page 7
5543 7 [Turn over
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Pal
azzo
Med
ici
Ric
card
i
San
Lore
nzo
Pia
zza
Del
la
Du
om
o
Bar
gel
loP
alaz
zoV
ecch
io
Gal
leri
o D
egli
Uff
izi
San
toSp
irit
o
Rive
r Arn
o
Riv
er A
rno
Pont
e Ve
cchi
o
Pont
e A
lleG
razi
e
Lung
arno
Cor
sini
Via D
é Guic
ciar
dini
Lun
gar
no
Del
le G
razi
e
Via Dei Benci
Via Giuseppi Verdi
Via Fiesolana
Mu
seu
m
Mai
n ro
ad
Stre
et
1
020
0m
etre
s
N
Res
ourc
e 1E
Page 8
5543 8 [Turn over
Examiner OnlyMarks Remark
(ii) In the space below, complete the Nearest Neighbour Analysis (Rn calculation) and state the type of distribution shown in Resource 1E. The Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and significance graph are presented in Resource 1F (on page 9).
Show all calculations clearly Area = 2.534km2
Calculated Rn value ________________________________________
Type of Distribution _________________________________________
[5]
(iii) Outline and explain one factor which influences the Rn value calculated and thus the geographical distribution pattern classified.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [3]
Page 9
5543 9 [Turn over
Resource 1F
Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph
Formula:
Rn = 2d–√–– n––A
where d– = the mean distance between nearest neighbours n = number of points A = area in question
Significance Graph
0 10 2 03 040 5 06 07 08 090 1000
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.02.15
Significantly random
Significantly clustered
Significantly regular
Number of points (n)
Clustered
Random
Regular
Rn values
Page 10
5543 10 [Turn over
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(d) Study Resource 1G which shows trade patterns for China for selected years.
Resource 1G
Drawn using data obtained from www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2007/indexeh/htm
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
273.5620.9
1487.8
2492.0
7619.5
422.5 533.5
1320.8
2250.9
6599.5
0
0
1000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Valu
e o
f exp
ort
s (U
S$10
0 m
illio
n)
Valu
e o
f im
po
rts
(US$
100
mill
ion
)
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
Page 11
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(i) Calculate the trade balance for China (export earnings minus import costs) in:
● 1985 __________________________________________ [1]
● 2005 __________________________________________ [1]
(ii) For either 1985 or 2005, explain how such a trade balance could influence development.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [3]
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Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
2 Study Resources 2A–2D (see insert sheet) showing population density, county boundaries, average annual hours of sunshine and average annual rainfall across Ireland.
(a) (i) Using Resources 2A–2D, discuss how the pattern of population in Ireland is related to the patterns of average annual hours of sunshine and average annual rainfall.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [4]
(ii) Briefly discuss one human factor which may have influenced the pattern shown in Resource 2A.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [2]
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(b) Outline the main sources of population data and compare the reliability of such data in LEDCs and MEDCs.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ [6]
Page 14
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3 (a) Study Resources 3A–3C which show a map and a photograph of the Lake District National Park and monthly traffic flow at Waterhead, Ambleside.
Resource 3A
Resource 3B
Resource 3C: Monthly traffic flow, Waterhead, Ambleside A591
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Mea
n d
aily
tra
ffic
flo
w
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
A66
A591
A590
B5284
M6
Waterhead
Aspatria
MaryportCaldbeck
Cockermouth
St. Bees
Seatoller
Patterdale
Grasmere
ElterwaterEskdale
Ravenglass Coniston
Broughton-in- Furness
Hawkshead Staveley
PENRITH
WORKINGTON
WHITEHAVEN
ULVERSTON
GRANGE-OVER-SANDS
KENDAL
WINDERMERE
AMBLESIDE
KESWICK
10km
N
Roads
Railways
Traffic Counter
Towns & Villages
National Park
Lake
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Mea
n d
aily
tra
ffic
flo
w
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
A66
A591
A590
B5284
M6
Waterhead
Aspatria
MaryportCaldbeck
Cockermouth
St. Bees
Seatoller
Patterdale
Grasmere
ElterwaterEskdale
Ravenglass Coniston
Broughton-in- Furness
Hawkshead Staveley
PENRITH
WORKINGTON
WHITEHAVEN
ULVERSTON
GRANGE-OVER-SANDS
KENDAL
WINDERMERE
AMBLESIDE
KESWICK
10km
N
Roads
Railways
Traffic Counter
Towns & Villages
National Park
Lake
Image removed due to copyright issues
© Lake District National Park Authority
Page 15
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(i) With reference to the Resources, describe how traffic may create problems for the management of the Lake District National Park.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [5]
(ii) Discuss one other management issue (apart from traffic problems) likely to face those managing the countryside.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [3]
Page 16
5543 16 [Turn over
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(b) Discuss one issue arising from rapid urbanisation in LEDCs.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ [4]
Page 17
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4 (a) Study Resource 4 showing the sources of overseas finance for LEDCs from high income countries in 2005.
Resource 4
(i) Compare and contrast the sources and amounts of overseas finance in the regions shown in 2005.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [5]
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
bill
ion
$U
S
South A
sia
Mid
dle East &
North A
frica
Sub-Sahara
n Afri
ca
Central A
sia
Latin A
meric
a &
the C
aribbean
East Asia
& th
e Pacific
Bilateral aid(Government)
Remittances(expatriate workers)
Foreign direct investment(companies)
Fin
ance
–
Source: Adapted fromWorld Bank 2007
Page 18
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(ii) Describe the problems Sub-Saharan Africa may have in the future due to its reliance on bilateral aid.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ [3]
(b) Describe and evaluate one economic measure of development.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ [4]
Page 19
BLANK PAGE
(Questions continue overleaf)
5543 19 [Turn over
Page 20
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Section C
Answer any two questions from this section.
5 With reference to a national case study, describe and explain how population structure, as shown by population pyramids, has changed over time. [12]
6 With reference to a MEDC city you have studied, discuss the issues of its inner city. [12]
7 Discuss the contribution of those issues from the following list which are relevant to the development of your national LEDC case study.
● Globalisation
● Aid
● Trade
● Debt [12]
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Page 32
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for.In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEAwill be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified.
5543
Page 33
GCE Advanced Subsidiary (AS)Geography Assessment Unit AS 2Summer 2010
Resource 2A Resource 2B
New
Specification
Do not write your answers on this insert
Population Density in Ireland, 1992–1996>1000 per km2
100–1000
50–99
40–49
30–39
20–29
<20
0 50km
N
Mayo
Mayo
Meath
Cavan
Galway
Roscommon
Sligo
Louth
Armagh
DonegalLondonderry
TipperaryLimerick
CorkKerry
Kilkenny
Carlow
Wexford
Waterford
ClareLaois
Dublin
Kildare
Wicklow
Antrim
Down
Monaghan
Leitrim
Longford
Westmeath
Offaly
Tyrone
Fermanagh
0 50km
NInternationalboundary
County boundary
County name
AG121INS
5543.02
Resource 2C Resource 2D
Average Annual Hours of Sunshine in Ireland>1600 hours1500–1600
1400–1499
1300–1399
1200–1299
<1200 hours
0 50km
N
Average Annual Rainfall in Ireland>2400 mm2000–2400
1600–1999
1200–1599
800–1199
<800 mm
0 50km
N
© http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/maps
