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7/23/2019 GEOMETRIK JALAN - Coordination Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
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Vertical Horizontal Alignment
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch05.htm(Chapter 5 from FHWAs Flexibility in Highway Design)
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch05.htmhttp://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch05.htmhttp://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch05.htm7/23/2019 GEOMETRIK JALAN - Coordination Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
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Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical
Alignment
Source: FHWA, Chapter 5hra 2013 coordination
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Coordination of horizontal and
vertical alignment should begin
with preliminary design
Easier to make adjustments atthis stage
Designer should study long,
continuous stretches of
highway in both plan andprofile and visualize the whole
in three dimensions
(FHWA, Chapter 5)
Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical
Alignment
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Coordination of Vertical and Horizontal Alignment
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Lengkung dan kemiringan harusmemenuhi keseimbangan
Avoid
Excessive curvature to achieve flat grades
Excessive grades to achieve flat curvature
Lengkung Vertical harus dikoordinasikandengan horizontal
Lengkung horizontal tajam tidakdisarankan pada atau dekat puncak dari
lengkung cembung vertical Disarankan pengemudi tidak menerima
perubahan lengkung horizontalkhususnya malam hari.
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Coordination of Vertical and Horizontal Alignment5
Lengkung tajam horizontal disarankan tidak digunakan didaerah dekatlengkung cekung kemiringan tajam mendekati titik penggunaanlengkung cekung
Horizontal curves appear distorted
Vehicle speeds (esp. trucks) are highest at the bottom of a sag vertical
curve
Can result in erratic motion
Pada jalan dua lajur dan menyiap diizinkan, perlu dipertimbangkanruang lajur boleh menyiap.
Difficult to accommodate with certain arrangements of horizontal andvertical curvature
Need long tangent sections to assure sufficient passing sight distance
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Coordination of Vertical and Horizontal Alignment
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Pada areal persimpangan yang membutuhkan jarak pandang cukup,baik lengkung horizontal and vertical harus sedatar mungkin
Di areal pemukiman, alinemen diupayakan seminim mungkingangguannya terhadap lingkungan
Depressed highways are less visible Depressed highways produce less noise
Horizontal alignments can increase the buffer zone between roadway and cluster ofhomes
Bila dimungkinkan alinemen disarankan menghasilkan pemandangan
alam sebaik mungkin, baik lingkungan alamiah maupun buatan Highway should lead into not away from outstanding views Fall towards features of interest at low elevation Rise towards features best seen from below or in silhouette against the sky
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Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
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Harus konsisten dengan topography
Persiapkan pengembangan properti di sepanjang rute jalan
Pertimbangkan nilai nilai komunitas
Sesuaikan dengan kontur asli dan kondisi lahan
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Tidak berpengaruh terhadapaesthetic, pemandangan,historis, dan sumberdayabudaya di sepanjang rute jalan
Menghasilkan pemandanganalam menarik
Rivers
Rock formations
Parks
Historic sites Outstanding buildings
Good Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
Source: FHWA, Chapter 5hra 2013 coordination
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PLAN
PROFILE
Profile with tangent alignment
Avoid designing little local dips in an otherwise long, uniform grade. These
dips usually result from a desire to balance cut and fill and to reduce overhaul
Preferred
Tangent alignment
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PLAN
PROFILE
Profile with curve alignment
Short humps in the grade should be avoided
Preferred
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Short tangent on a crest between two horizontal curves
PLAN
PROFILE
This combination is deficient for two reasons.
The tangent between the curves is too short, and the reverse occurs on a crest
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PLAN
PROFILE
Short tangent on a crest between two horizontal curves
This combination is deficient for two reasons. The tangent between the curves is
to short, and the reverse occurs on a crest
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PROFILE
PLAN
Bumps
Preferred
A distant side view of a long grade on tangent will reveal every bumps
on it
Distant view showing bumps in profile gradeline
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Line sight across open bottom lands
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Maybe we want this if we are trying to slow people down???
PROFILE
PLAN
Sharp angle appearence
This combination presents a poor appearance the horizontal curve looks
like a sharp angle
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Crest
PLAN
Coinciding curves in horizontal and vertical dimensions
When horizontal and vertical curves coincide, a very satisfactory
appearance results
PROFILE
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PLAN
Opposing curves in horizontal and vertical dimensions
When horizontal and vertical curve oppose, a very satisfactoryappearance results
PROFILE
SAG
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Horizontal alignment with small central angles
Very long fleet curves, even where not required by a design speed and regardless of profile,
also have a pleasing appearance when the central angle is very small
Minimum curve for the design
speed
Desirable curve for appearance
PLAN
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Coinciding vertices in horizontal and vertical dimensions
The classic case of coordination between horizontal and vertical alignment in which
the vertices of horizontal and vertical curves coincide, creating a rich effect of three -
dimensional S curves composed of convex and concave
PROFILE
PLAN
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Coinciding vertices with single phase skip
A legitimate case of coordination: one phase is skipped in the horizontal plane,
but vertices still coincide. The long tangent in plan is softened by vertical
curvature
Plan
Profile
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Koordinasi lemah alinemen horizontal dan vertikal
Profile
PLAN
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A
B
PLAN
Horizontal alignment should be balanced
The upper line is an example of poor design because the alignment consists of a long tangent
with short curves, whereas the balance between the curves and tangents in the lower
alignment is the preferred design
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PROFILE
PLAN
Line of sight
Perspective
A disjointed effect occurs when the beginning of a horizontal curve is
hidden from the driver by an intervening crest while the continuation
of the curve is visible in the distance beyond the intervening crest
Disjointed effect
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PROFILE
PLAN
Horizontal alignment view 2 breaks maximum
Vertical alignment view 3 breaks maximum
Good coordination of horizontal and vertical alignment
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Akhir sesi
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