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Georgia Performance Standards
Day 2: Day 2: Learning to Assess and Learning to Assess and Assessing to LearnAssessing to Learn
88thth Grade Mathematics Grade Mathematics
Contact InformationContact Information
Georgia Department of Education1754 Twin Towers EastAtlanta, Georgia 30334
Janet Davis [email protected]
Massie McAdoo, Ph.D. [email protected]
Peggy Pool [email protected]
BloomBloom on on
MasteryMastery
Most students (perhaps over 90 percent) CAN master what we teach. Our basic instructional task is to define what we mean by mastery of a subject and to discover methods and materials to help the largest proportion of our students reach it.
Benjamin S. Bloom (1971)
Table DiscussionTable Discussion
• What should we assess?
• Why should we assess?
• How should we assess?
According to Grant According to Grant Wiggins…Wiggins…
• What is to be assessed must be clear and explicit to all students.
• NO MORE SURPRISES!
• Rubrics must accompany all major assignments and assessments.
A rubric is a set of rules A rubric is a set of rules thatthat
• Shows levels of quality• Communicates standards• Tells students expectations for
assessment task• Is NOT a checklist (yes or no
answers)• Includes dimensions (criteria),
indicators and a rating scale.
Essential Question 1Essential Question 1
What should we assess?
Which question shows a better understanding of lines?
1. Given a slope of 5 and a y-intercept of 3, write the equation of the line.
OR2. A company that produces pens has n pens
in stock at the beginning of a certain day. It produces these pens at a constant rate r for the entire day. If that day, pens have been produced at a greater constant rate, write an equation that can be used to determine the number of pens produced that day.
A TASK ?Joe and Sue own a chain of ice cream stores. They
have found that they sell an average of 1500 cones per summer day when they charge $1.00 each and 1200 cones per summer day when they charge $1.25 each.a. Write these two pieces of data as ordered pairs.b. Find the slope of the line between these ordered pairs.c. Use the slope and an ordered pair to write an equation of the line.d. Use this equation to predict the number of cones the will be sell at $1.30 each.
Is This a Good Task?Is This a Good Task?
Decide whether this is or
is not a good task.
Justify your answer.
Criteria for Good TasksCriteria for Good Tasks
• Involves significant mathematics
• Can be solved in a variety of ways
• Elicits a range of responses
• Requires communication
• Stimulates best performance
• Lends itself to a scoring rubric
Standards Based Education Standards Based Education ModelModel
GP
SG
PS
GP
SG
PS
(one or more)
StandardsElements
(one or more)
StandardsElements
Stage 1Identify Desired Results(Big Ideas) Enduring Understandings
Essential Questions
Skills and Knowledge
Stage 1Identify Desired Results(Big Ideas) Enduring Understandings
Essential Questions
Skills and Knowledge
All above, plusTasksStudent WorkTeacherCommentary
All above, plusTasksStudent WorkTeacherCommentary
Stage 2Determine Acceptable
Evidence(Design Balanced Assessments)
(To assess student progress toward desired results)
Stage 2Determine Acceptable
Evidence(Design Balanced Assessments)
(To assess student progress toward desired results)
Stage 3Plan Learning Experiences and
Instruction(to support student success on assessments,
leading to desired results)
Stage 3Plan Learning Experiences and
Instruction(to support student success on assessments,
leading to desired results)
All aboveAll above
Looking for Big IdeasLooking for Big Ideas
Big Ideas are key concepts. Look for ideas in key nouns found in the standards.
M8A4. Students will graph and analyze graphs of linear equations and inequalities.
From Understandings to From Understandings to QuestionsQuestions
“Students will use linear algebra to represent, analyze and solve problems.”
• Why is it important to be able to represent data with lines?
• How can I analyze that data to make conclusions and predictions?
Skills and KnowledgeSkills and Knowledge
Facts
Concepts
Generalizations
Rules, Laws, Procedures
KNOWLEDGE(declarative)
Skills
Procedures
Processes
SKILLS(procedural)
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T I
O
N
Skills and Skills and KnowledgeKnowledge
M8A4. Students will graph and analyze graphs of linear equations and inequalities. Graph of linear equations Slope as rate of change Equation of Line
Concrete
Semi-Abstract
Semi-Concrete
AbstractConceptDevelopment
Essential Question 2Essential Question 2
Why should we assess?
The purpose of summative assessment is to prove achievement, and the purpose of formative assessment is to improve achievement.
Pratt, 1980
Bungee JumpingBungee Jumping
1. Complete the task.
2. Identify the standards addressed by this assignment.
3. Specify the criteria of the assignment.
Bungee JumpingBungee Jumping
What could you learn about students based on their performance on this task?
AccountabilityAccountabilityThe purpose of the Georgia Testing Program is
to
• measure the level of student achievement of the standards
• identify students failing to achieve mastery of content
• provide teachers with diagnostic information
• assist school systems in identifying strengths and weaknesses in order to establish priorities in planning educational programs.
CRCT Informatio
n
TestingTesting
Essential Question 3Essential Question 3
How should we assess?
Assessment vs. GradingAssessment vs. Grading
Student 1 receives mostly As and high Bs in the beginning; but his/her performance drops off considerably, and s/he receives an F on the final performance test.
Student 2 is erratic, receiving an equal number of As and Fs.
Student 3 is clueless at the beginning, but by the last few sessions, s/he catches on and performs flawlessly on the final performance. His/her grades are, in order from the first test to the last, F, F, F, F, C, B, A, A, A.
WHICH STUDENT DO YOU WANT TO PACK YOUR
PARACHUTE?WHY?
How should we assess?How should we assess?
• What assessment insights did you gain from this activity?
Assessing forAssessing for LearningLearning vs vs GradingGrading
Assessing
– Continuous process
– Provides feedback to improve student achievement
– May be formative or summative
– Provides a means of collecting evidence of student mastery of the standards
– Provides a photo album of student progress through which student growth can be observed
Grading
• A means of assigning numerical or alphabetical grade to a student’s work to inform students, parents and other stakeholders
• May be formative or summative
• Provides an attempt to quantitatively describe student achievement
• Provides a snapshot of student progress
Performance Tasks & Performance Tasks & AssessmentsAssessments
* often occur over time
* result in a tangible product or observable performance
* encourage self-evaluation and revision
* require judgment to score
* reveal degrees of proficiency based on criteria established and
made public prior to the performance
* sometimes involve students working with others
Multiple RepresentationsMultiple Representations
Pictures
Tables
WordsSymbols
Graphs
Types of Classroom AssessmentTypes of Classroom Assessment
•Multiple Choice
•True-False•Matching
Selected Response
•Fill-in-the-blank (words, phrases)
•Essay•Short answer (sentences, paragraphs)
•Diagram•Web•Concept Map
•Flowchart•Graph•Table•Matrix•Illustration
•Presentation
•Movement•Science lab •Athletic skill•Dramatization
•Enactment•Project•Debate•Model•Exhibition•Recital
•Oral questioning
•Observation•Interview •Conference•Process description
•Checklist•Rating scale•Journal sharing
•Thinking aloud a process
•Student self-assessment
•Peer review
Constructed
Response
Performance
Assessment
Informal Assessment
Matching Assessments with StandardsMatching Assessments with StandardsASSESSMENT FORMAT
ACHIEVEMENT TARGET
Selected Response
Constructed Response
Performance Tasks
Informal Assessment
Knowledge/Informational
Skills/Process
Thinking and Reasoning
Communication
Other:
Can assess mastery of specific elements of content knowledge
Short answers allow students to apply content knowledge
Not a good choice for this target; other options preferred
Teacher can ask questions, evaluate answers, and infer mastery; but this may not be time-efficient
Can assess application of some patterns of reasoning
Can observe and evaluate skills as they are being performed
Strong match when skill is oral communication
Written descriptions of complex problem solutions can provide insight into reasoning proficiency.
Can watch students solve some problems or examine some products and infer reasoning proficiency
Can ask students to “think aloud” or can ask follow-up questions to probe reasoning
Not a good choice for this target; other options preferred
Not a good choice for this target; other options preferred
Can observe and evaluate oral & written communication portions of performance tasks.
Strong match with some communication skills, especially oral communication
-Adapted from Marzano and Stiggins
Not a good choice for this target; other options preferred.
Can assess under-standing of the steps of a process, but not a good choice for evaluating most skills
Advantages of Using a Advantages of Using a RubricRubric
• Lowers students’ anxiety about what is expected of them
• Provides specific feedback about the quality of their work
• Provides a way to communicate expectations and progress
• Ensures all student work is judged by the same standard
• Disengages the “halo” effect and its reverse
• Leads students toward quality work.
Basic Rubric TemplateBasic Rubric Template Scale
Criteria
Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator
Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator
Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator
Bungee JumpingBungee Jumping
Create a rubric to assess the bungee jumping task as a culminating task for the unit on Equations of Lines.
Put that Rubric to Use
Now to try your hand at assessing student work. You are to choose two of the “works” posted around the room and assess this work using the rubric that you have created.
Self-Assessment
Setting a Goal
Field AssignmentField Assignment• Redeliver Day 2.
• Use what you have learned today to create an assessment you will use with your students. Collect work samples to share with the group.
• Bring a copy of the assessment and student work samples of your task to Day 3.
• Bring resources to help you plan for instruction.
Days of Training• Implementation Year One
– Day One: Standards, Content, and Curriculum Mapping
– Day Two: Assessment– Days Three and Four: Classroom
Implementation
• Implementation Year Two – Day Five: Differentiation– Day Six: Examining Student Work– Day Seven: On-line Survey
Contact InformationContact Information
Georgia Department of Education1754 Twin Towers EastAtlanta, Georgia 30334
Janet Davis [email protected]
Massie McAdoo, Ph.D. [email protected]
Peggy Pool [email protected]