Welcome CLIFF Annual Workshop 2015

Montpellier, France

Ph.D. Research Work

Effect of tillage, culti ars, itroge a d residue management on crop performance and carbon

sequestration in rice- heat croppi g syste

Pardeep Sagwal

Ph.D. Scholar

Department of Agronomy

CCS Haryana Agricultural University

INDIA-125004

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Location: CIMMYT-CCAFS Participatory Strategic Research Platform for

Climate Smart Agriculture, Taraori(Karnal)

Main plot treatments: 1. Puddled Transplanted Rice - Conventional Till Wheat

2. Direct Seeded Rice – Zero Tilled Wheat without residues

3. Direct seeded Rice – Zero Tilled Wheat with full residue

Sub plot treatments: Rice:

1. Pusa 1121 (Basmati) with recommended dose of nitrogen

2. Arize 6129 (Hybrid) with recommended dose of nitrogen

3. Pusa 1121 (Basmati) with 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green

Seeker guided N application

4. Arize 6129 (Hybrid) with 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker

guided N application

Wheat:

1. Recommended dose of nitrogen

2. Recommended dose of nitrogen + Relay Moongbean

3. 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker guided N application

4. 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker guided N application +

Relay Moongbean

TREATMENTS

Objectives of Research Program

• To study the effect of tillage and crop establishment techniques, nitrogen and residue management on growth and yield of rice and wheat.

• To quantify the soil carbon sequestration under different management practices in rice-wheat sequence.

• To compute economics of different treatments.

Conservation Agriculture

Three Principles

• No/Minimum Tillage

• Soil Cover with residue

• Crop Rotation

Three Benefits

Enhanced Productivity

Richer Resources

Climate Adaptation

What is Carbon Sequestration

• Carbon sequestration is persistent increase in C

storage(in soil, plant biomass and sea) (Hutchinson et al., 2007)

• Carbon sequestration in the agriculture sector refers

to the capacity of agriculture lands and forests to

remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (Lal, 2008)

• It implies the removal of atmospheric CO2 by plants

and storage of fixed C as soil organic matter. (Rao and Saha, 2014)

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Why Ca bon Se uest ation …?

• For reducing carbon footprints

• SOC stock

• Improved Soil health

• Increased NUE

• Buffers the Soil pH

• Soils rich in OM has ability to absorb potential pollutants

• Organic constituents in humans may act as plant growth stimulants

• Reduced soil erosion problem

Source: Anderson, 2012

Crops and Soils 7

Table 1. Depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration of

cultivated and undisturbed soils in different regions of India

Region

SOC content(g kg-1) Per cent

reduction Cultivated

soil

Native

soil

1 Indo-Gangetic Plains 4.2 + 0.9 104 + 3.6 59.6

2 Northwestern Himalaya 24.3 + 10.4 34.5 + 11.6 29.6

3 Northeast India 23.2 + 10.4 38.3 + 23.3 39.4

4 East India 28.2 + 2.1 33.1 + 3.4 17.4

5 Southwest India 29.6 + 30.1 43.7 +23.4 32.3

6 West coast 13.2 + 8.1 18.6 + 2.1 29.1

7 Deccan Plateau 13.2 + 8.1 17.9 + 7.6 57.0

Source: Mandal, 2011

Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 8

Treatments SOC (g kg-1)

0-15 cm 15-30 cm

T1 TPR/CWS 7.79e +0.02 8.62c +0.04

T2 TPR + WRI/CWS + RRI 8.67 de +0.02 8.50c +0.02

T3 DSR + RT/WRT 9.05cd +0.01 9.31ab +0.02

T4 DSR + RT + WRI/WRT +RRI 9.89bc +0.01 9.50ab +0.01

T5 DSR + ZT/WZT 11.38a +0.06 8.36c +0.02

T6 DSR + ZT + WRR/WZT + RRR 11.73a +0.02 7.67d +0.08

T7 DSR + ZT + BM/WZT 10.73ab +0.10 9.94a +0.01

T8 TPR + GM/WZT 8.79de +0.09 9.27b +0.01

Choudhury et al., 2014

Soil & Tillage Research

TPR: Conventional rice transplanting CSW: Conventional wheat sowing

WRI: Wheat residue incorporation RRI: Rice residue incorporation

DSR: Direct seeded rice RT: Reduced tillage

WRT: Wheat in reduced tillage ZT: Zero tillage

WZT: Wheat in zero tillage GM: Green manuring

WRR: Wheat residue retention BM: Brown manuring

RRR: Rice residue retention

Table 2 Effect of tillage and residue management practices on distribution soil organic

carbon in soil.

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Source: Pathak and Aggarwal (2012)

• Soil management practices such as tillage trigger

carbon dioxide emission through biological

decomposition of soil organic matter.

• Tillage breaks the soil aggregates, increases

oxygen supply and exposes surface area of

organic material promoting the decomposition

of organic matter.

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Tillage and SOC interaction

Table 3. Comparative performance of direct seeded rice(DSR)

and conventional puddled transplanted rice(PTR)

Parameters PTR DSR

Human Labour (Man days) 55-60 35-40

Tractor(Hours) 10-12 5-6

Crop Duration (days) 140-150 130-140

Diesel consumption (liters/ha) 35-45 12.5-15

No. of irrigation 20-25 14-17

Global Warming potential(Mg Co2 eq.) 2.0-4.5 1.3-3.0

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Pathak et al., 2011 at Jalandhar

Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences

Treatment) CO2

(t/ha)

N2O

(kg/ha)

CH4

(kg/ha)

CO2 eq.

(t/ha)

PuTPR 10.95 1.06 38.95 12.17

ZT DSR-R 9.39 1.28 9.60 9.87

ZT DSR+R 9.20 1.74 10.08 9.97

Table 4 Total cumulative emission of CO2, N2O and CH4 as affected by different tillage

and nitrogen management in rice

Source: Annual Progress Report, 2012

CIMMYT Bayer GHG

PuTPR: Puddled transplanted rice

ZT DSR-R: Zero tillage direct seeded rice without residue

ZT DSR+R: Zero tillage direct seeded rice with residue

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Fig.1 GHG emission (CO2 equivalent) tons per ton of rice production under

different tillage, crop establishment and residue management scenarios

Source: Annual Progress Report , 2012

CIMMYT Bayer GHG 13

Fig. 2 Estimated total GHG emission per Mg wheat as affected by different nutrient

management strategies under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)

Source: Sapkota et al., 2014

Soil & Tillage Research 14

GHG sampling procedure

• Pre evacuated and airtight 30 ml glass vials are used for GHG collection and storage.

• Glass vials are evacuated using a vacuum pump at suction of 20 lbs inch.

• A 50 ml disposable syringe with three-way Leur lock is used for collection of GHG samples from the headspace of each bucket through the sampling port.

• From this syringe, 30 ml of the gas is injected into the pre-evacuated vials.

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GHG sampling frequency

• Before and after Sowing/tillage operations.

• After application of fertilizer (basal/broadcast)

for five consecutive days.

• For the rest of the crop growth period samples

are taken at one week interval.

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Analysis

• Gas samples are analysed on Gas Chromatograph(GC)

• At each sampling date, GHG samples are collected at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes interval from each gas chamber and are stored in evacuated glass vials, well labelled with date of collection, plot number and time of collection.

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20 Thank You