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GIS Applications in Traffic Accidents

Hongtao Gao

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GIS Applications in Transportation

Transportation planning Highway design

Traffic routing (navigation) Traffic tracking Accident location and analysis

Accident Application

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Geo-referenced Accident database

The traditional accident database is a summaryspreadsheet format using codes and mileposts to

denote location, type and severity of accidents. Geo-referenced accident database is location-

referenced. It incorporates a GIS graphical interfacewith the accident information to allow for querysearches on various accident attributes.

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GIS-based accident analysis

Identify accident historical trends Identify accident-prone locations Analyze relationships in accident causation

-volumes, v/c, LOS, road conditions,

weather, and lighting, etc.

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GIS-based accident report Table style or graphical style

-One graph can represent thousands of words; importantly, the graphcan display some features that words can not represent

Choose any features that you interest to report Before or after analysis Can obtain accident statistics for locations during specified

time period; you can identify accidents of specific types orinvolving driver with certain characteristics.

The final reports can be printed using pre-defined formats

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Example 1 of GIS Accident application projects GI S-ALAS (GI S-based Accident L ocation and Analysis System)

- A locationally-referenced highway accident database created by theIowa Department of Transportation (DOT), law enforcement agencies,Iowa State University, and several other entities.

-GIS-ALAS reproduces query and reporting functions in a graphicalenvironment that facilitates advanced spatial query and displaycapabilities.

-GIS-ALAS provides graphical data access, enabling the user to viewand select desired locations on the network, Query results can bedisplayed in both map and tabular form, thereby creating more easilyinterpreted query results and promoting the analysis of accident

patterns and causal relationships.

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Accident pin map

GIS-ALAS

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Accident Display in terms of locations(GIS-ALAS )

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Example 2 of GIS Accident application projects

AI M S:GI S (Accident I nf ormation M anagement System:Geographi c I nf ormation System)

AIMS:GIS is a GIS-based program originally developed for the

City of San Francisco by JMW Engineering, Inc. The program runs onWindows 95, and uses MapInfo 4.1 to operate the GIS portion of the

program. The program allows the user to select intersections or links by manual input or point and click selection from the map. Once anintersection or link is selected, a collision diagram can be generated.

Other features of AIMS:GIS are the ability to plot worst accidentlocations, provide annual reports, and perform queries.

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Accident display in terms of timeAIMS:GIS

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Analysis report in terms of locations

AIMS:GIS

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Example 3 of GIS Accident application projects

CUAA (Champaign-Urbana Accident Analysis)

Purpose of this project

-Identify and display current accident trends

-Highlight dangerous intersections and corridors-Provide visual reference in order to identifyareas needing improvement

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Accident report(CUAA)

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Accident analysis output(CUAA)

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Accident report(CUAA)

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Conclusion

Geo-referenced accident database is easy to access, display,visualize, query, analyze, and combine data from other

database by using GIS.

GIS provides powerful tool for analysis, makes visualidentification of hazardous locations simple

GIS provides flexible and visual report functions