FOR

Developed by Alina DashkevichBackground by freepptbackgrounds.net

andAGAINST

speech

The rhetorical structure

Opening

•Grab the attention, engage the listeners, introduce the subject

Opinion

+arguments

•Clearly state your opinion and provide supporting arguments

Opposin

g view

+ argument

s

•Clearly state the opposing viewpoint and supporting arguments, point out the insufficiency of these arguments

Conclusio

n

•Restate your opinion and summarize the main points

When thinking about your arguments

• Think about your audience

Audience

• Understand their point of view and their perception of the subject

Their point of view

• Think what obstacles prevent your audience from seeing the subject from your point of view.

Obstacles

• Write down each obstacle and explain the way of understanding that gets around each obstacle.

Get around the obstacles

Extra tips

• Use linking words to

make the transition

between the

arguments smooth

• A good argumentative speech will include at least three arguments

Each argument consists of…

A TOPIC SENTENCE – state

the argument

ELABORATION - a specific example that

supports the argument

How to engage audience?

Pose a thought-provoking question

Make an interesting or controversial statement

Recount a joke

Recite a relevant quotation

Show the scope of the issue (Why should I

care?)

Parallel sentences

Remember the factors of attention

Humor

Relevance

Intensity

Remember the factors of attention

Repetition

Novelty

Compare/Contrast

Remember the factors of attention

Visuals

Narratives

Examples

How to close your speech?

Summarize the main points of your speech

Provide some further food for thought for your

listeners

Leave your audience with positive memories of your

speech

End with a final thought/emotion (what do you want the audience to

remember?)

To order your arguments

Firstly-secondly-finally

to begin/to start with - next - lastly

first of all - and also

let me begin by pointing out - and besides

in addition to this - furthermore /

moreover

To order your arguments

Essentially, the problem is

...

to top it all

basically besides

above all -what is more

To express your argument

That is a very important point.

I couldn't agree more.

That seems reasonable. admittedly / admitting this

This can only / not be accepted if / on condition that / in case / unless …

To provide your opinion

In my opinion / view

To my mind/As I see

it …

It seems to me that … (> tentative)

I feel / think / believe that …

(> neutral)

I have the feeling / the

impression that …

I rather think that …

I am sure that …

I am convinced that …(> strong)

certainly / surely/

possibly

To provide your opinion

In my opinion / view

To my mind/As I see

it …

It seems to me that …

(> tentative)

I feel / think / believe that …

(> neutral)

I have the feeling / the

impression that …

I rather think that …

I am sure that …

I am convinced that …(> strong)

certainly / surely/

possibly

To express agreement

I agree (completely/entirely)

I think you are quite right.

I think so, too.

I don’t think so, either.

That’s exactly what I think.

That’s just what I was thinking.

To express agreement

Yes, definitely.

That’s right.

I see your point.

That seems reasonable.

To a certain degree.

Yes, up to a point…

To express disagreement or doubt

Nevertheless/still

Even so.

Yet/ however

I don’t think so.

I don’t agree with you.

I can’t agree, I am afraid.

To express disagreement or doubt

That’s how I see it.

I disagree (completely).

I don’t agree at all.

I don’t quite agree here.

I cannot accept your view that...

I cannot share this view.

To express disagreement or doubt

That seems obvious that…

Do you really think so?

I wouldn’t say so.

I don’t know.

I am not quite so sure.

Although

To state something as a fact

There can be no doubt that

…

It is a fact that ...

Everyone knows that...

Indeed/actually

To be evasive

I am afraid I can’t give you a definite answer at present.

Sorry to sound evasive, but there is no straightforward answer to that.

I would need more information to answer your

question.

To summarize your argument

To conclude

In conclusion

It follows from this that … To sum up

So/therefore

Talking about Pros and Cons

On the one hand/on the other hand.

There are two sides to this question.

An argument for this would be…

Others against it are…

Some people think..., others say …

However/ yet/ but

Picture credits

www.clevelandseniors.comblogs.msdn.com

www.abcteach.comelclavo.com

www.wordstream.comrapsandreps.blogspot.com

www.futurelibrariansuperhero.comwww.gograph.comwww.gograph.comcreamshoes.co.uk

www.favl.orgwww.personal.psu.edu

blog.educalab.es

blogs.msdn.comwww.sodahead.com

www.allycon.comwww.hendricksappraisal.com

www2.ect.go.thikalynn.com

www.sandiskrecovery.netmsmill78.wikispaces.com

www.123rf.comlacienciaysusdemonios.com

grist.orgmooseexchange.orgj-mp.wikispaces.com

leaderscove.comwww.buncee.com