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Mumbai Karachi Ashkhabad Dushanbe Pyongyang Seoul Taipei Shanghai Osaka Hanoi Phnom Penh Kuala Lumpur Port Moresby Honiara Wellington Christchurch Auckland Sydney Adelaide Perth Jakarta Dili Darwin Brisbane Canberra Melbourne Thimphu Vladivostok Bishkek Libreville Luanda Maputo Johannesburg Porto-Novo Bissau Tallinn Riga Minsk Kishinev London Birmingham Belfast Manchester Godthåb Guatemala Mexico City Guadalajara La Paz Santiago Buenos Aires 60º 70º 50º 40º 30º 20º 10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 170º 160º 150º 140º 130º 120º 110º 100º 90º 80º 70º 60º 50º 40º 30º 20º 10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 60º 70º 80º 90º 100º 110º 120º 130º 140º 150º 160º 170º 50º 40º 30º 20º 10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 60º 70º -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 GMT +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11 +12 Negligible risk TERRORISM RISK High risk CITY TERRORISM RISK Low risk Medium risk High risk Extreme risk Marxist / Leftist TERRORIST THREAT Far right / Anarchist / Single interest Nationalist / Separatist Narco / Organised crime Islamic Fundamentalist Scale 1:500,000. Rated by Aon Special Risks Counter Terrorism as at Feb 2003. The Terrorism Risk ratings are compiled from various sources and may be affected by general perceptions of the terrorism risk insurance market and insurance capacity issues. Reactions and Aon Limited accept no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of the information contained herein. KEY TO SYMBOLS GLOBAL TERRORISM RISK 2003 © Aon Limited 2003 Special Risks Counter Terrorism a division of Aon Crisis Management 8 Devonshire Square London EC2M 4PL United Kingdom tel: +44 (0)20 7623 5500 fax: +44 (0)20 7301 4151 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.terrorism.co.uk www.terrorism.co.uk Special Risks Counter Terrorism a division of Aon Crisis Management In association with: www.euromoney.com MAJOR ACTS OF TERRORISM WORLDWIDE Deaths/Serious Property Damage /Economic Loss Date Location Event Perpetrator Injuries US$ (est indexed to 2002) 10 Feb 03 Bogota, Car bomb inside nightclub building FARC 33 fatalities Colombia 168 injured 27 Dec 02 Grozny, Two car/truck bombs outside Chechen Rebels 80 fatalities Chechnya headquarters of ruling Russian party Over 150 injured 28 Nov 02 Mombasa, Car bomb attack on Paradise Hotel. Al Qaeda 18 fatalities Serious impact on Kenyan tourism Kenya Failed missile attack on Israeli aircraft Over 80 injured industry – US$ amount uncertain 12 Oct 02 Bali, Indonesia Car bomb outside nightclub frequented by Islamic militants 190 fatalities tourists (pos Al Qaeda links) Over 300 injured 11 Oct 02 Yemen offshore French oil tanker “Limburg” attacked by Al Qaeda 1 fatality US$85m plus oil clean up costs waters suicide bombers using a small speedboat 11 Sep 01 New York & Terror attacks against WTC and Pentagon Al Qaeda 3,030 fatalities US$20bn insured property damage Washington DC by hijacked airliners 2,337 injured US$100bn economic loss 24 Jul 01 Colombo Int’l Rebels destroy 3 airliners, 8 military aircraft Tamil Tigers 20 fatalities US$398m insured property damage Airport, Sri Lanka and heavily damage 3 civilian aircraft 15 injured 13 Sep 99 Moscow, Russia Bomb explosion destroys apartment building Alleged Chechen Rebels 118 fatalities 15 Aug 98 Omagh, Car bomb The ‘Real IRA’ – 28 fatalities Major damage to Omagh covered N. Ireland, UK IRA splinter group Over 200 injured by UK Government indemnity 07 Aug 98 Nairobi, Kenya Two simultaneous truck bomb attacks Al Qaeda 253 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property Dar es-Salaam, trigger damage in and around US embassy 5,075 injured US$175m est economic loss Tanzania 23 Nov 96 Comoros Islands, Hi-jacked Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767-260 Ethiopian hijackers 127 fatalities US$45m insured property damage Indian Ocean ditched at sea (pos Islamic extremists links) 25 Jun 96 Dharan, Tanker truck bomb at Khobar Towers Saudi dissidents 19 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property Saudi Arabia building housing US military personnel (pos Al Qaeda links) 64 injured 15 Jun 96 Manchester, UK Explosion of IRA van bomb near shopping Irish Republican 228 injured US$744m insured property damage mall Army (IRA) Economic loss > US$1,000m 09 Feb 96 London, UK IRA truck bomb attack in South Key, Provisional Irish 2 fatalities US$259m insured property damage Docklands Rep Army (PIRA) 100 injured 31 Jan 96 Colombo, Truck Bomb attack on Colombo City Centre Tamil Tigers 91 fatalities US$6m insured property damage Sri Lanka 1,500 injured 13 Nov 95 Riyadh, Bomb at US offices of Saudi National Guard Saudi dissidents 7 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property Saudi Arabia Military HQ (pos Al Qaeda links) 60 injured 19 Apr 95 Oklahoma City, Truck bomb attack on Government building Right wing militia 166 Fatalities US$150m insured property damage USA in Oklahoma City 467 Injured 20 Mar 95 Tokyo Subway, Sarin nerve agent attack on subway Aum Shinrikyo 12 fatalities Japan (Doomsday) cult Over 50 injured 18 Jul 94 Buenos Aires Bomb attack on building of Jewish Hizbollah with pos 95 fatalities organisation local activists 147 injured 24 Apr 93 London, UK Bomb explodes near Nat West Tower Provisional Irish 1 fatality US$907m insured property damage – London Financial District Republican Army (PIRA) 54 injured US$2,000m est economic loss 12 Mar 93 Bombay, India Series of 13 bomb attacks Criminal gangs / 300 fatalities US$6m insured property damage Islamic militants 1,100 injured 26 Feb 93 New York, USA Van bomb explodes in garage of World Al Qaeda linked 6 fatalities US$725m insured property damage Trade Center 1,000 injured US$1,500m est economic loss 10 Apr 92 London, UK Truck bomb explodes near Baltic Exchange / Provisional Irish 3 fatalities US$671m insured property damage CU Tower – London Financial District Republican Army (PIRA) 91 injured US$3,000m est economic loss 21 Dec 88 Lockerbie, UK Pan Am Boeing 747 destroyed by bomb in Libyan agents 270 fatalities US$145m insured property damage baggage hold – wreckage lands on houses 23 Jun 85 North Atlantic Air India B-747 destroyed by bomb in Sikh extremists 329 fatalities US$156m insured property damage Ocean baggage hold 23 Oct 83 Beirut, Lebanon Suicide truck bombing of US Marine Lebanese Islamic Jihad 300 fatalities barracks and French paratrooper base 100 injured Data from various sources including Swiss Re TERRORIST METHODS Type TANKER TRUCK BOMB Charge 5,000kg to 10,000kg of high explosive Detonation Triggered by mobile phone/pager, electronic timer or suicide driver Potential Destruction and collapse of multiple high rise buildings. Serious structural damage within 1000 metre radius. 1000s of casualties, fire and damage to utilities Used by Al Qaeda – Khobar Towers bomb, Dharan, 25 Jun 96 Type SUICIDE ‘HIGH SPEED’ BOAT Charge 100kg to 200kg of plastic explosive in ‘shaped charge’ Detonation Triggered electronically by boat driver Potential Critical damage to large vessel at waterline, multiple casualties and possible sinking. Environmental pollution catastrophe Used by Al Qaeda – USS Cole, Aden, Yemen, 12 Oct 99, and “Limburg” attack, offshore Yemen, 11 Oct 02 Type SHOULDER FIRED ‘SURFACE TO AIR’ MISSILE Charge Approx 2kg of high explosive Detonation Heat seeking missile explodes upon impact with aircraft engine Potential Low cost weapon (US$5,000 to US$20,000) and easily obtainable. Destruction of civil airliner Used by Al Qaeda – Dar es Salaam Airport, Tanzania, 28 Nov 02 Type VAN BOMB Charge 500kg to 1,000kg of high explosive Detonation Triggered remotely by mobile phone Potential Destruction and collapse of adjacent buildings. Serious structural damage within 400 metre radius. 100s of casualties, fire and damage to utilities Used by Al Qaeda – Bali nightclub bomb, 12 Oct 02 Explosive embedded with detonator cord linked to firing mechanism in truck cab Plastic explosive packed under seat Sights Launcher Trigger TERRORIST METHODS Type AEROSOL DEVICE Charge Anthrax spores or other biological agent Release Triggered by timer or remotely. Compressed air forces agent/vapour through fine nozzles Potential Widespread death and disease. Evacuation and long term quarantine of properties/metropolitan areas. Mass panic Used by Intelligence sources have found evidence of terrorist group interest and research Type BURSTER DEVICE Charge Sarin nerve gas or other chemical agent contained in small cylinder (in brief case or small bag/box) Detonation Detonator cord triggered by simple timer. Small explosion disperses agent Potential Localised poisoning causing death and injury. Evacuation and quarantine of properties/transit systems. Mass panic Used by Aum Shinrikyo (Doomsday) Cult, Tokyo Subway, 20 Mar 95 Type IMPROVISED MORTAR Charge Approx 2kg of high explosive Detonation 50-1000 metre range with detonation upon impact Potential Home made weapon that can be fired from outside security cordon at high value/security targets. Localised property damage and multiple casualties Used by IRA, FARC, ETA and many other terrorist groups worldwide. Over 100 recorded attacks in 2002 Nozzles Timer Valve Compressed air cylinder Car battery Biological agent Timer 9v battery Trigger Cylinder containing chemical agent Detonator taped to cylinder Mortar bomb launched from simple welded pipe
