GLOSARIO ACUERDOS COMERCIALES San Mateo Educación Superior Facultad De Ciencias Administrativas y Afines Bogotá D.C2016

A Acuerdos Prefrenciales - Preferential agreements: Is the act of two or more

nations where grant each other favorable conditions in trade and customs matters in favor of free trade.

Ad Valorem – Ad Valorem: Tariffs charged depending on the percentage of the goods

Apertura Económica - Economic Openness: Process through which the economy adjusts to the new market realities and social relations, as well as global trade and technological change.

Aranceles – Tariffs: It is a tax that is charged directly to the products which are the subject of import

B Balanza Comercial - Trade Balance : The trade balance is the registration

of imports and exports of any country for a period and is one of the components of the balance of payments

Barreras No Arancelarias - Non-tariff Barriers: Laws and regulations that restrict trade in certain goods.

Bilateralismo – Bilateralism : It is the exchange of goods and services between two countries through negotiations or governmental agreements.

C Comercio – Trade : It is called trade consistent socio-economic activity in

the exchange of some materials that are free in the market for buying and selling goods and services, whether for use, for sale or processing

Comercio Interno – Internal Trade : commercial activities within a particular region where marketing a series of products or services develops.

Comercio Interregional – Interregional Trade : Commercial activities conducted between two or more regions that produce goods and services of mutual interest.

Contingentes - Contingent : They are quantitative barriers that limit the amount of product that sets the government granting import licenses narrowly.

Convenio de Kyoto - Kyoto Convention : It is an international agreement taken in 1997 in the field of United Nations seeks to curb climate change.

Cooperación Bilateral - Bilateral Cooperation: It is one in which two countries or institutions of two countries, these relationships are made from government to government, through embassies or agencies involved, which act as instances of cooperation.

Cooperación Financiera - Financial Cooperation: It is offered by some sources, through the allocation of financial resources in order to support development projects. It is divided into refundable and non-refundable.

Cooperacion Internacional – International Cooperation: It is the joint action to support economic and social development of a country, through transfer of technology, knowledge, experience or resources from countries with equal or greater level of development.

Cooperación Triangular - Triangular Cooperation: It is a mixed type of International Cooperation, which combines traditional or vertical cooperation with South-South cooperation, to provide cooperation to a third country developing

Costos – Costs: It is the monetary value of the consumption of factors that involve the exercise of an economic activity for the production of a good, service or activity.

Criterios de Origen- Criteria Of Origin: The origin criteria can be defined in two ways. On the one hand, it can be found that the product is extracted, born, harvested or wholly obtained without the participation of imported items or of unknown origin. Another case that can occur is that the product is manufactured with raw materials, parts or components imported, plus domestic inputs. When this occurs, so that the product qualifies as originating must have undergone a major transformation to convert it into a finished product completely different purposes and uses of raw materials, parts and other materials imported.

D Desgravaciones – Allowances: They are reductions in taxes are made

directly or gradually. Dotacion de Factores - Factor Endowments: It is the set of strengths

that a country has in relation to capital, labor and natural resources.

E Estudio de Mercado – Market: It consists of a business initiative in

order to get an idea about the commercial viability of an economic activity.

F Factores – Factors: Are the resources that contribute to the creation of a

product. Some free goods production also contribute to land and labor are the capital.

G Globalizacion- Globalization : Globalization is a term that is closely

related to the word integration (integration of countries, regions, markets, economies, customs, etc.), and is a process that has been occurring worldwide, in which many aspects of human life in some places it has been linking and interconnecting with others and in general, with the whole world.

Gravamen – Lien: It is a tax that the government fixed income products within the National Customs Territory.

I Integracion Economica – Economic Integration: Economic integration

involves economic agreements between countries in order to generate more free traffic of capital flows, labor, goods and / or services between those countries.

Integración Social - Social Integration: Social integration is a social process of inclusion of marginalized groups in society. Social integration is based on social equality and its top human development.

Inversion – Investment : It is an economic term with several meanings related to savings, capital location, and the postponement of consumption.

L Liberacion Comercial - Trade Liberalization: It refers to the process of

reduction or elimination of restrictions on international trade. Libre Comercio – Free Trade : Free trade involves the removal of

artificial barriers to trade between individuals and companies from different countries.

Licencia de Importacion - Import License: It is an authorization of preconditions to import certain goods in order to limit and restrict the quantity of imports.

M Mercado Común - Common Market: A common market is a type of

trade bloc consisting of a combination of customs union and free trade zone.

Mercantilismo – Mercantilism: It is the set of economic policies that had as its foundation the market and mentioned that the real wealth of nations was in the amount of gold or silver that could accumulate in their trade with the rest of the world.

Monopolio Estatal - State Monopoly: Those organizations and public companies in which the government has absolute participation in the determination of prices of goods and services as well as an absolute market dominance.

N Networking – Networking :Attend activities and events in order to

increase their professional network and seek business opportunities. Normas de Origen - Rules of Origin: The rules of origin are those

agreed by the countries that sign trade agreements and treaties or that are defined unilaterally by countries in order to promote the trade of developing countries.

P Preferencias Arancelarias - Tariff Preferences: Total or partial

deductions that a country applies to its national tariff, exclusively for one or more other countries that are partners in a particular type of agreement.

Pruebas Documentales - Documentary Evidence: The documentary evidence refers to a document where standards or criteria that must be met for a product to benefit from the preferential benefits of a particular agreement is mainly directed.

R Recursos – Resources: A resource is a source or supply which produces

a profit. Registro de Importations - Import Registration: They are an

administrative procedure by which an application for introduction into the customs territory of a commodity to be imported is presented.

S Subvenciones- Grants: It is a state financial support provided to

producers or traders.

T Tratado - Treaty : Closing or completion of a negotiation or dispute,

having discussed and reached an agreement. Tratado de libre comercio TLC - Free Trade Agreement (FTA): It is a

binding trade agreement signed two or more countries to agree on mutual granting of tariff preferences and reducing non-tariff trade barriers in goods and services.

U Union Aduanera – Customs Union :A customs union is a free trade area

that also establishes a common external tariff; ie that member states establish a common trade policy towards states that are not members.

Union Economica – Economic Union: It is a higher form of integration which represents the common market. Add to this a greater degree of harmonization of national economic policies in an attempt to eliminate discrimination that can result from disparities in these policies.

V Ventaja Absoluta - Absolute Advantage: The absolute advantage is

the ability you have to produce a good using less input to another producer, ie the absolute advantage is present when something or someone is the best developing this activity at a lower cost.

Ventaja Comparativa – Comparative Advantage: It is when a country specializes in the production of a commodity with a relatively lower cost compared to the rest of the world in which they are comparatively more efficient.

Vistos Buenos – Clearances: Permits required for the importation of certain goods

Z Zona de Libre Comercio - Free Trade Area: It is an area of a country

where some of the trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic procedures are reduced with the aim of attracting new business and foreign investment.