Goals and Purposes of Education

Fernando Reimers

September 2014

Last weeks…

International and Comparative Education

Education Policy Analysis

Models and Hypotheses

Cross National Studies of Opportunity

Case Study Brazil. Framing Priorities.

This week…

• Goals and Purposes of Education

• What is emphasized in Poland and Finland

• Twenty First Century Skills

• Conceptions of Development

• Learning, the Treasure Within

• How countries Change. Singapore

• Building a 21st century economy

Purposes

Management

Context

Pedagogy

P

Who should be educated?

For what purposes?

Curriculum

Pedagogy

Instructional resources

Assessment

Teacher selection

Initial Training

In-service Training

School Organization

System Administration

School Management

• Interdependency Purpose and Policy Instruments?

• Can past success impede previous progress?

• John Amos Comenius 1592 to 1670

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Human Capital

• UNESCO

• PREAMBLE• Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable

rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

• Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

• Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

• Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

• Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

• Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

• Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Education and Globalization

Agency to Change the World

• Soap Factories in Mexico

• Selling children’s books in Oman

Soap Factories in Mexico

Injaz Al-Arab Selling children’s books in Oman

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100%

Before After

Control Participant

I trust that in the Future I will Achieve my Goals

50%

55%

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65%

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75%

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90%

Before After

Control Participant

I see challenges as opportunities

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Before After

Control Participant

I believe that achieving my goals requires negotiating with others

I can see myself in a Leadership Position in the Future

50%

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65%

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75%80%

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Before After

Control Participant

“Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)” is a concept that goes far beyond environmental education. It is the educational process of achieving human development (“the three pillars of human development” proposed by UNDP: economic growth, social development, and environmental protection) in an inclusive, equitable and secure manner. It thus includes education for poverty alleviation, human rights, gender equality, cultural diversity, international understanding, peace and many more.

Education and Development Education as a Human Right Education and Development Education as a Human Right

Why Education?

• For Development– Economic– Social– Political

• As a Human Right

• Why Development Assistance?

Context

P

Context

P

Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment

Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings

Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law

Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society

Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics

Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues

Educational Institutions

Context

P

Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings

Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law

Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society

Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics

Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues

Educational Institutions

Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment

Transnational Context

SubNational ContextNational Context

Context

P

Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings

Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law

Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society

Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics

Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues

Educational Institutions

Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment

Transnational Context

SubNational ContextNational Context

Education and Economic Development

• Growth in Gross National Product• Patterns of Growth• Capitalizing on Comparative Advantages through Trade “Economic Development can be viewed as a set of

interrelated changes in the structure of an economy that are required for its continued growth. They involve the composition of demand, production, and employment as well as the external structure of trade and capital flows. Taken together, these structural changes define the transformation of a traditional to a modern economic system” Hollis Chenery. Structural Change and Development Policy

Context

P

Cultural Context Identity Values Norms Shared meanings

Political Context State—representation Governance State legitimacy Stability Rule of Law

Social Context Status Hierarchies Individual-Society

Demographic Context Demographic Structure Demographic Dynamics

Geographical Context Natural Endowments Human-Environmental Issues

Educational Institutions

Economic Context Structure of the Economy Comparative Advantage Productivity Employment

Transnational Context

SubNational ContextNational Context

Education and Modernization

– Cultural Values that allow Economic Progress– From Tradition to Modernity– Modern Values:

• Control over one’s destiny vs. external forces• Respect for time vs. flexibility• Universal rules vs. particularism• Focus on achievement vs. ascriptive

http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/

Discuss Poland and Finland

• In small groups, discuss the goals of education implicit in Amanda Ripley’s analysis of reforms in Poland and Finland

Twenty First Century Skills…

• 1.1. Cognitive Skills

• 1.2. Inter-personal Skills

• 1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

1.1. Cognitive Skills

1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies

1.1.2. Knowledge

1.1.3. Creativity

1.1. Cognitive Skills

1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies– Critical Thinking– Problem Solving– Analysis– Logical Reasoning– Interpretation– Decision Making– Executive Functioning

1.1.2. Knowledge

1.1.3. Creativity

1.1. Cognitive Skills

1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies

1.1.2. Knowledge– Literacy and communication skills– Active listening skills– Knowledge of the disciplines– Ability to use evidence and assess biases in

information– Digital Literacy

1.1.3. Creativity

1.1. Cognitive Skills

1.1.1. Processing and cognitive strategies

1.1.2. Knowledge

1.1.3. Creativity – Creativity– Innovation

1.2. Inter-personal Skills

1.2.1. Collaborative group skills

1.2.2. Leadership

1.2. Inter-personal Skills

1.2. Inter-personal Skills

1.2.1. Collaborative group skills

1.2.2. Leadership– Leadership– Responsibility– Assertive Communication– Self-Presentation– Social Influence

1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

1.3.1. Intellectual Openness

1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility

1.3.3. Self-efficacy

1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

1.3. Intra-Personal Skills

1.3.1. Intellectual Openness

1.3.2. Work Ethic. Responsibility

1.3.3. Self-efficacy

• Self-regulation (self monitoring and self assessment)

• Physical and mental health

Change in Singapore

• Professor Sing Kong Lee will present the latest iteration of change in goals in Singapore

• We will then discuss how this change was managed and supported

A 21st century economy

• Tushara Canekeratne

• Virtusa Corporation