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MOBILIZING FOR WAR
Going to War Young Americans were eager to go to
war 5 million volunteers not enough;
Selective Service provided another 10 million soldiers
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps- women volunteers allowed to serve in non-combat positions Nurses, ambulance drivers, radio
operators, electricians, pilots
Labor Contribution Factories switch to producing war
materials Tanks, boats, planes
Women filled jobs left by men Minorities faced strong prejudice
A. Philip Randolph- organized march on Washington to protest discrimination
Double V Campaign- Victory over Fascism Abroad & Discrimination at Home
Federal Government Takes Control Office of Price Administration- fought inflation
by freezing prices on most goods Inflation remained below 30% for most of war
War Production Board- decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production & allocated raw materials to key industries
Rationing- establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military Ration books for goods such as shoes, meat, coffee,
gasoline Most Americans accepted rationing as their personal
contribution to the war effort
Discrimination
African American “Great Migration” out of the south into the north and west Leads to racial violence in cities
“Zoot Suit Riots”- violence against Mexican Americans Mobs openly attacked Mexican
Americans
Japanese-American Internment US citizens feared that Japanese living
in US would attack prejudice against Japanese Americans
Internment=confinement; FDR signed an order requiring the removal of all people of Japanese ancestry into internment or “relocation” camps
110,000 Japanese Americans were sent to these camps Most were American-born
Japanese-American Internment Abandoned their homes, businesses,
and all of their belongings Korematsu v. United States- Supreme
Court decided that the government’s policy of evacuating Japanese Americans to camps was justified on the basis of “military necessity”
1988- US promised $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to an internment camp