GONDWANA BASINS-GONDWANA BASINS-POTENTIAL STORAGE SITE POTENTIAL STORAGE SITE

FOR COFOR CO22

ByByG. MukhopadhyayG. Mukhopadhyay

Geological Survey of IndiaGeological Survey of India

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

CAPTURE

TRANSPORTATION

INJECTION OF CO2 INTO FAVORABLE SITES

POST INJECTION MONITORING

Overview of Geological Storage Options

Depleted oil and gas reservoirs

Enhanced oil and gas recovery

Deep saline aquifers- offshore

Deep seated coal seam as a

CBM recoverya sink of CO2 with enhanced

Deep saline aquifers- onshore

Produced oil or gasInjected CO2Stored CO2

Basalt

FIELD EXPERIENCE- US

1. Allison CO2-ECBM Pilot2. Location- San Juan basin3. Producer well—164. Injector well—45. Average depth to top coal - 3100 feet6. Permeability 100md7. Initial pressure – 1650 psi8. Temp. – 160oF

OBSERVATION

1. CO2 injection improved methane recovery from 77% to 95% of OGPI

2. Ratio of injected CO2 to produced CH4-3:1

FIELD EXPERIENCE- CANADA1. Alberta Research Council2. Location- Fenn BIG Valley, Alberta Province3. Producer well—14. Injector well—1

OBSERVATION

1. injectivity improves with continued CO2 injection and methane production

FIELD EXPERIENCE- JAPAN

1. Operated by JCOAL2. Location- Yubari site, Ishikari Coalfield3. Producer well—14. Injector well—1

OBSERVATION

1. Gradual increase of injection rate –may be due to decrease in effective stress near injection well area.

2. 90% of injected CO2 stored in coal seams

3. Gas production increase with CO2 injection, and dropped after injection was stopped- indicating ECBM effect

COALFIELDS AND LIGNITEOCCURRENCES OF INDIACOALFIELDS AND LIGNITEOCCURRENCES OF INDIA

500 0 500 Kilometers

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231

2

3

42425

56

826 7

910

2220

1119 1412

151321

1816

17

273231

47

3351 343044

432841

353729

394548 3849

46 40425052

55

3653 5654 57

62

5861 59

6063

64

78

66

65

77

76 75

67

74 68

73

72

71

69

70

Calcutta

New Delhi

Mumbai

Chennai

Patna

Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Bangalore

Gandhinagar

Jaipur

Chandigarh

Simla

Srinagar

Lucknow

Bhopal

Gangtok

Dispur

ShillongKohima

Imphal

Agartala Aizawl

Itanagar

m96° m92°

m88°

m84°

m80° m76°

m72° m68°

m24°

m20°

m28°

m32°

m16°

m8°

m12°

m36°

mm m m m88° 92° m 84° 80° 76° 72°

36°

32°

28°

24°

20°

16°

12°

8°

%

#

59

1

52

62

54

6061

32

55

65

8

66

58

5

63

53

64

9

4

67

7

51

56

6869

34

17

50

1921

6

57

30

18

48

31

22

11

32

12

16

39

33

45

41

20

27

49

40

36

13

37

47

35

15

10

23

43

29

46

42

3844

14

28

24

25

26

70

79

1. Miao-bum2. Namchik - Namphuk3. Makum4. Dilli - Jeypore5. Tiru6. Borjan7. Tuen Sang8. Jhanzi-Disai9. Koilajan10. Diphu11. Bapung12. Pynursia13. Cherrapunji

14. Laitryngew15. Mawsynram16. Mawlong Shella17. Langrin18. Balphakram - Pendenggru19. West Daranggiri20. Rongrenggri21. Siju79. Kalakot - Mahogala

Tertiary Coalfields

22. Singrimari23. Abor Hills24. Daphla Hills25. Aka Hills26. Darjeeling27. Rajmahal28. Birbhum29. Tangsuli30. Kundait Kariah31. Saharjuri32. Jainti33-34. Giridih35. Raniganj36. Barjora37. Jharia38. East Bokaro39. West Bokaro40. Ramgarh41. North Karanpura42. South Karanpura43. Chope44. Itkhori45. Auranga46. Hutar47. Daltonganj48-49-50. Tatapani-Ramkola51. Singrauli

52. Korar53. Umaria54. Johilla55. Sohagpur56. Sonhat-Jhilimili57. Bisrampur58. Lakhanpur59. Panchbahini60. Dhamamunda61. Koreagarh62. Chirimiri63. Sendurgarh64. Hasdo-Arand65. Korba66. Mand-Raigarh67. Ib River68. Talcher69. Godavari70. Yellendu71. Wardha72. Bander73. Umrer74. Kamptee75. Pench Kanhan76. Pathakhera77. Tawa78. Mohpani

Gondwana Coalfields

1. Nichahom Baramula2. Nagbal3,4. Firozpur Shaliganga5. Khari6. Gangashahr7,8. Sarup Desar9. Kolayat10. Gura11. Chaneri12. Bithnok13. Mandal Charnan14. Raneri15. Hira Ki Dhani16. Lalamdesar17. Bar Singhsar18. Palana19. Kasnau20. Kuchera21. Nimbri22. Marwar Chapri23. Butati24. Merta Road25. Hansiyas26. Gangarda27. Lamba Jatan28. Mokala29. Indawar30. Nagarda31. Nimla32. Bharka33. Botiya34. Hamir ji ki Dhani35. Kapurdi

36. Jalipa37. Lakhpat38. Dhedadi39. Pranpur40. Kaiyari41. Panandhro42. Akhrimota43. Fulradam44. Umarsar45. Mudia46. Mata No Madh47. Jularai48. Waghapadar49. Lefri50. Hamla51. Nanaratadia52. Lakhanka Kharsalia53. Bhuri54. Shah Vastan55. Ratnagiri56. Nileswaram57. Madayi58. Warkala59. Mannargudi60. Jayamkonda Cholapuram61. Lalpettai62. Srimushnam63. Neyveli South64. Bhubangiri65. Neyveli East66. Bahur67,68,69. Eluru - Rajamun70. Domra

Lignite Occurrences

Trivandrum

km

%

%

%

%

%

%

m m m

m

m

mmmm

m

m

m

Lucknow

Patna

Calcutta

Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Bhopal

80° 84° 88°

24°

20°

16°

84°

16°

20°

24°

69

55

71

51

66

68

76

3541

64

5657

65

6775

27

37

58

77

50 4548

73

42 38

74

32

46

47

70

72

54

52

3430

78

3653

6263

61

59

60

4944 43

39

40

3331 28

29

22

26

80°

22. Singrimari26. Darjeeling27. Rajmahal28. Birbhum29. Tangsuli30. Kundait Kariah

33,34. Giridih

31. Saharjuri32. Jainti

36. Barjora

38. East Bokaro

40. Ramgarh

42. South Karanpura43. Chope44. Itkhori45. Auranga46. Hutar

48,49,50. Tatapani-Ramkola47. Daltonganj

35. Raniganj

39. W est Bokaro

41. North Karanpura

37. Jharia

88°

51. Singrauli52. Korar53. Umaria54. Johila55. Sihagpur56. Sonhat-Jhilimili57. Bisrampur58. Lakhanpur59. Panchbahini60. Dhamamunda61. Koreagarh62. Chirimiri63. Sendurgarh64. Hasdo-Arand65. Korba66. Mand-Raigarh67. Ib River68. Talcher69. Godavari70. Yellendu71. W ardha72. Bander73. Umrer74. Kamptee75. Pench-Kanhan76. Pathakhera77. Tawa78. Mohpani

500 0 500 Kilometerskm

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Shillong

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23

42425

56

87

910

22 2011

19 14 1215

1321

1816

17

1. Miao-bum 2. Namchik-Namphuk 3. Makum 4. Dilli-Jeypore 5. Tiju 6. Borjan 7. Tuen Sang 8. Jhanzi-Disai 9. Koilajan10. Diphu11. Bapung12. Pynursla

Tertiary Coalfields

13. Cherrapunji14. Laitryngew15. Mawsynram16. Mawlong Shella17. Langrin18. Balphakram-Pendenggru19. West Darangiri20. Rongrenggri21. Siju

22. Singrimari23. Abor Hills24. Daphla Hills25. Aka Hills

Gondwana Coalfields

92°

28°

96°

28°

24°

92° 88° 84°

24°

GangtokItanagar

Dispur

Kohima

Imphal

AizawlAgartala

Shillong

Calcutta

100 0 100 km

Lower Gondwana Lower Gondwana CoalfieldsCoalfields

Tertiary coalfieldsTertiary coalfields

Barapukuria

Dighipara

Jamalganj

Bangladesh

Coal Resource baseCoal Resource base257b. t.257b. t.

(up to 1200m depth)(up to 1200m depth)

32.35

224.08

0.940

50

100

150

200

250

Coking Non-Coking High sulphur

(87%)

(12.6%)32.5

155.81

35.67

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Superior Power grade Ungraded

Quality-wise break-up of Non-coking coal

Quality-wise break-up of Non-coking coal

Power grade coal: 155.8 b. t. (60%)155.8 b. t. (60%)

(up to 1200m depth)(up to 1200m depth)

51%42%

7%

36%

48%

16%

49%

12%

39%

Proved Indicated Inferred99.06 b.t 120.18 b.t 38.14 b.t

Proved

IndicatedInferred

Resource up to 1200m depth considered for National Inventory.Resource up to 1200m depth considered for National Inventory.

Indian coal resource is expressed in terms of :Indian coal resource is expressed in terms of :

Depth Range from surfaceDepth Range from surface

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160156.6156.6

14.214.2 18.918.9

67.667.6

0 – 300m0 – 300m 600m – 1200m600m – 1200m300m – 600m300m – 600m0 – 600m0 – 600mJharia CF only

(in billion tonnes)

RANIGANJ BASIN

RAJMAHAL – BIRBHUM MASTER BASIN

WARDHA –PRANHITA –

COALFIELDS OF INDIA

Important geological locales for storage

1. large aerial extent.

2. Coal seams ( > 50m)

occur beyond 1.0 Km depth.

3. Thick Cap rock.

4. Close proximity with the thermal power stations and other industrial activities.

GODAVARI BASIN

CBM blocks are allotted in these coalfields.

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SOME GONDWANA BASINS OF INDIA

Rajmahal

Rajmahal Trap

Barakar

Barakar

Talchir

Barren Measures

Raniganj

Supra-Panchet

Panchet

Dubrajpur

Godavari

Deccan Trap

Talchir

Chikiala

Kota

Maleri

Up. Kamthi

Md. Kamthi

Lr. Kamthi

Damodar

Barakar

Talchir

0.0 Km

2.0 Km

4.0 Km

Barren Measures

Raniganj

Panchet

SEAL ROCK COAL SEAM

Barren Measures

GEOLOGICAL MAP OFRANIGANJ COALFIELD

3.5 0 3.5 7km

86°45' 87°00' 87°15'

23°30'

23°45'

23°30'

23°45' %

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oo

25

30

24

15

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1214

Andal

Mugma

Barakar

Asansol

Raniganj

o

10

30

18

10

20

15

27

40

30

10

6

10

10

711

30

183

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1015

18

12 14

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27 10

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1215

51212

158

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o1712

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60

3

15

4

5

10

5

10

10

22

12

6

4

20

12

12

20

10

4

8

o8

RN-6

RN

-7

RN

-6

RN-7

RN-6RN-5

RN-4

RN-4

RN-3RN-2

RN-1

RN-4

RN-4

RN

-6

RN-5(s) RN-3(s)RN-2

RN-1(s)

RN-4 (s)RN-4 (s)

RN-3

RN-1

RN-2 (s)

RN-1

BR- 2

BR-5

BR-1

BR-3

BR-2

BR-4

BR-5

BR-7

BR-2BR-6

BR-2 BR-2

BR-4BR-4

%Durgapur

RN

-7

RN-7

RN-6

RN-1

RN

-3R

N-4

(s)

RN

-5(s

)

RN-2

(s)

RN

-1

Domra

Hijuli

Dihika

Nimcha

Chunch

Bahira

Alipur

Bachra

Baltorakhandra

Shampur

Rakhdih

Begunia

Lalganj

Barkola

Searsole

Bhatmura

Tilabani

Hatibari

Lalbazar

Kapistha

Birkulti

Chinakuri

Ardhagram

Mangalpur

Dubchuria

Dalurband

Banspetali

Kalipahari

Satpukhuria

Gopinathpur

Manoharbahal

Alluvium

Tertiaries

Supra-Panchets

PanchetFormation

Raniganj Formation

BarrenMeasures

BarakarFormation

Talchir Formation

CrystallineBasement

CrystallineBasement under Tertiarycover

Lamprophyre

Coalseam

BasicDyke

Fault

87°15'86°45' 87°00'

23°30' 23°30'

23°40' 23°40'

23°50' 23°50'

86°40'

86°40'

86°50'

86°50'

87°00'

87°00'

87°10'

87°10'

87°20'

87°20'

87°30'

87°30'

#

#

#

#

Ü

888.83 Salanpur-A Seam(61.97m)

967.75m

A

B

RCM-9

Chalbalpur-Mahismura

RCM-9

967.75m

2500m

GEOLOGICAL SECTION ALONG A - B

RCM -9PROJECTED BOREHOLE

888.83 61.97 m

Barakar coal occur beyond 1200m

GEOLOGICAL MAP OFRANIGANJ COALFIELD

3.5 0 3.5 7km

86°45' 87°00' 87°15'

23°30'

23°45'

23°30'

23°45' %

%

%

%

%

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oo

25

30

24

15

23

1214

Andal

Mugma

Barakar

Asansol

Raniganj

o

10

30

18

10

20

15

27

40

30

10

6

10

10

711

30

183

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10

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1015

18

12 14

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15

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18

14

27 10

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1215

51212

158

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7 7

22

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30

13

o1712

4

60

3

15

4

5

10

5

10

10

22

12

6

4

20

12

12

20

10

4

8

o

8

RN-6

RN

-7

RN

-6

RN-7

RN-6RN-5

RN-4

RN-4

RN-3RN-2

RN-1

RN-4

RN-4

RN

-6RN-5(s) RN-3(s)

RN-2

RN-1(s)

RN-4 (s)RN-4 (s)

RN-3

RN-1

RN-2 (s)

RN-1

BR- 2

BR-5

BR-1

BR-3

BR-2

BR-4

BR-5

BR-7

BR-2BR-6

BR-2 BR-2

BR-4BR-4

%Durgapur

RN

-7

RN-7

RN-6

RN-1

RN

-3R

N-4

(s)

RN

-5(s

)

RN-2

(s)

RN

-1

Domra

Hijuli

Dihika

Nimcha

Chunch

Bahira

Alipur

Bachra

Baltorakhandra

Shampur

Rakhdih

Begunia

Lalganj

Barkola

Searsole

Bhatmura

Tilabani

Hatibari

Lalbazar

Kapistha

Birkulti

Chinakuri

Ardhagram

Mangalpur

Dubchuria

Dalurband

Banspetali

Kalipahari

Satpukhuria

Gopinathpur

Manoharbahal

Alluvium

Tertiaries

Supra-Panchets

PanchetFormation

Raniganj Formation

BarrenMeasures

BarakarFormation

Talchir Formation

CrystallineBasement

CrystallineBasement under Tertiarycover

Lamprophyre

Coalseam

BasicDyke

Fault

87°15'86°45' 87°00'

23°30' 23°30'

23°40' 23°40'

23°50' 23°50'

86°40'

86°40'

86°50'

86°50'

87°00'

87°00'

87°10'

87°10'

87°20'

87°20'

87°30'

87°30'

#

#

#

#

ÜRCM-9

Area having Coal seams below 1200m

A

B

Prognosticated coal resource below 1200m depth – 30BT (Area700sq km;Av. Coal thicness – 30m)

GENERALISED STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF DEEPER PART OF RANIGANJ BASIN

( A CASE HISTORY OF MULTI-LAYER TRAP AND RESERVOIR ROCKS)

COAL SEAMS

TALCHIR FORMATION

0 Km

1 Km

2.5 Km

RESERVOIR ROCK

CAP ROCK

SUPRAPANCHET (coarse clastic) 600m

PANCHET (Intercalated shale-sandstone) 600m

RANIGANJ (coal bearing sand-dominated) upto 1100m

Barren Measures (shale dominated -upto 90%) 800m

Barakar (coal bearing sand-dominated) upto 800m

CO2 storage capacity – 600 MT

KhargramFatehpur

Rampurhat

Saldaha

Dumka

Katikund

Gopikandar

Amrapara

Pakur

Barharwa

Hansdiha

KahalgaonBara

Mahagama

Phulberia Simra

Berhait

Rajmahal RS.

SahibganjPirpainti RS.

87°00' 87°10' 87°20' 87°30' 87°40' 87°50' 88°00'

24°10'

24°30'

24°40'

24°50'

25°00'

25°10'

25°20'

24°20'

Alluvium

Lower GondwanasMetamorphics

Rajmahal Formation

Upper Gondwanas

LEGEND

87°00' 87°10' 87°20' 87°30' 87°40' 87°50' 88°00'

24°10'

24°20'

24°30'

24°40'

24°50'

25°00'

25°10'

25°20'10 0 10 km

URMA-PAHARITOLA

CHAUDHAR-GARIAPANI

SAHARPUR-JAMARPANI

KULKULIDANGAL-SITASAL

RAMPUR-MALLARPUR

BORTALA-MATHURAPUR

Ongoing blocksCompleted blocksProposed block

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJMAHAL AND BIRBHUM COALFIELDSJHARKHAND AND WEST BENGAL

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJMAHAL-BIRBHUM COALFIELDS

755.1064.04 m

Pachami

Maximum Trap thickness recorded –370m in southeastern part of the basin 940.45m

DPD-2

HURA

Trap thickness increases generally towards east

88°

88°

25°

26°

CDN-40

INDEX

Alluvium

Rajmahal Trap

Metamorphics

Lower Gondwana

Borehole

Raiganj

Sahibganj

KatharDinajpur

Murshidabad

Malda – K

ishanganj Fault

1500m

Purnia

Rajm

ahal

Fault

Munger – R

idge Marginal F

ault

JangipurFault

X

Y

TECTONIC MAP OF RAJMAHAL BASIN ( EASTERN PART )

%

%

%

%

%

%

m m m

m

m

mmmm

m

m

m

Lucknow

Patna

Calcutta

Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Bhopal

80° 84° 88°

24°

20°

16°

84°

16°

20°

24°

69

55

71

51

66

68

76

3541

64

5657

65

6775

27

37

58

77

50 4548

73

42 38

74

32

46

47

70

72

54

52

3430

78

3653

6263

61

59

60

4944 43

39

40

3331 28

29

22

26

80°

22. Singrimari26. Darjeeling27. Rajmahal28. Birbhum29. Tangsuli30. Kundait Kariah

33,34. Giridih

31. Saharjuri32. Jainti

36. Barjora

38. East Bokaro

40. Ramgarh

42. South Karanpura43. Chope44. Itkhori45. Auranga46. Hutar

48,49,50. Tatapani-Ramkola47. Daltonganj

35. Raniganj

39. W est Bokaro

41. North Karanpura

37. Jharia

88°

51. Singrauli52. Korar53. Umaria54. Johila55. Sihagpur56. Sonhat-Jhil imili57. Bisrampur58. Lakhanpur59. Panchbahini60. Dhamamunda61. Koreagarh62. Chirimiri63. Sendurgarh64. Hasdo-Arand65. Korba66. Mand-Raigarh67. Ib River68. Talcher69. Godavari70. Yellendu71. W ardha72. Bander73. Umrer74. Kamptee75. Pench-Kanhan76. Pathakhera77. Tawa78. Mohpani

500 0 500 Kilometerskm

HURA

755.10Panchet

CDN - 40

653m

Barakar

1220m

50m

25m

1 Km

2 Km

3 Km

Malda – Kishanganj Fault

64.04 m

940.45mRaniganj

150 Km0 Km

Barren Measures

Talchir

GEOLOGICAL SECTION ALONG X – Y IN RAJMAHAL BASIN

X Y

TertiaryDubrajpur

Reservoir Area 3000sq km (appx)Av. Coal thickness 30m

Prognosticated Resources – 135 BT

CO2 storage capacity 5000 MT

Ramagundem

0 Km

2 Km

4 Km

GENERALISED STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF GODAVARI BASIN

( A CASE HISTORY OF DOUBLE-LAYER TRAP AND RESERVOIR ROCKS)

2

3

RESERVOIR ROCK

CAP ROCK

BARAKAR COAL SEAMS

TALCHIR FORMATION

Barakar (coal bearing sand-dominated) upto 350mBARAKAR - Sand dominated 350m

DECCAN TRAP- upto 250m

GANGARAMPUR / CHIKIALA –sand dominated- 150mKOTA –mostly sand dominated- 500m

UPPER KAMTHI coarse clastic dominated- 600m

MALERI / MIDDLE KAMTHI –mud dominated - upto 700m

LOWER KAMTHI – sand dominated

BARREN MEASURES-intercalated sand-mud-upto 500m

TALCHIR –sand-mud intercalation- upto 500m

Area 300sq kmAv. Coal thickness 5mProg. Resource 20 BTCO2 storage capacity 800MT

Coal basin Reservoir Av. Coal Resource Capacity area(sq km) (m) (BT) (MT)

Raniganj 700 30 30 600

Rajmahal 3000 30 135 5000

Godavari 3000 5 20 800 Total 6700 185 6400

COAL WING OF GSI

WITH ITS RICH AND ROBUST GEOSCIENTIFIC DATABASE ( SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE)

ON ALL COAL BASINS OF INDIA

AND HAVING ADEQUATE EXPERTISE IN FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES

IS CAPABLE TO

DELINEATE THE SUITABLE SITES FOR CO2 STORAGE

IN DEEP SEATED UNMINABLE COAL SEAMS AND ASSOCIATED PERMEABLE AND IMPERMEABLE

ROCKS

CONSIDERING ALL GEOLOGICAL FACTORS

• DELINEATION OF BASIN WISE AREAS WITH COAL

RESOURCE OCCURING BELOW 1200m DEPTH

• DETAILED STUDY OF FAULT AND FRACTURE

PATTERN

• COAL PETROGRAPHY INCLUDING DETAILED

STUDY OF CLEAT PATTERN

• PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTER OF ROCKS

• PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL

• DESORPTION OF CH4 AND SORPTION OF CO2 CHARACTER OF COAL

NATURE OF WORKS

Collaborative work to be performed by coal wing, GSI; CMFRI and Foreign Agencies/Institutions