Governor Control- Copy

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GOVERNOR CONTROL SYSTEM

Prepared By : Kartik Fojdar, RIL !M!"



Governor Control in Steam Turbine

# Governor Control systems are speed controlsystem of prime movers i.e. industrial steamturbines.

# Steam turbines are used to drive Compressors,fans, blowers, line shafts etc.

# Popular Woodward electronic Governor systems : $ WW 5!

$ WW 55

$ "icro#et 5! T"$.

02/21/16 KBF 2



Types of Turbines

# Condensin% Type : &'haust pressure less than(T" pressure, lar%er in si)e and power output.

# *ac+ pressure Type: &'haust pressure eual ormore than (T" pressure.

02/21/16 KBF 3



Types of Turbines

# &'traction Type : $ -ybrid of basic Condensate and bac+ pressure turbine.

$ &'tracted steam is used for some reuirement withinplant. Wor+s as pressure let down station.

# nduction Type : $ Turbine receives steam at intermediate sta%e, from by

product of some process in the plant. To %et additionalwor+ out of steam before it %oes to condensate.

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SITE WISE INSTALLATION SUMMARY

WOODWARD GOVERNOR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM INSTALLATION SUMMARY

SITE >> !T% &M! PM! !M! NM! VM! RELENE

Woo!"#Go$%#&o# Mo%'

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N%Mi*ro+et ())

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Prote*01)2

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BN 22))BN 2())

OST EOST EOSTMOSTEOST

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GOV/ECVV"'$% "+,*",o#(

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Speed controlled by G/0valve

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Governor 0alve

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Governor Control

# There are two basiccontrols:

$Speed control

$&'traction pressure

control

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Speed Control

# P1 control

# 2 speed inputs

# -SS bus

# 3oo2 /ST

# (ll speed sensor failure trip

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&'traction Pressure Control

# P1 control

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$emote speed control

# Speed control via remote set point. $emote setpoint is decided by e'ternal controller , whichcontrols process parameter 4say.. Suction /$dischar%e pressor of compressor

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&'traction Pressure Control

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&'traction "ap# -elps de6nin% -P valve v7s 8P valve relationship

# -elps to de6ne limits control must +eep turbine from e'ceedin%.

# "aps power output v7s steam 9ow

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$atio 8imiter

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$atio 8imiter

1 P o$%#&o# $"'$% o)%&&5

4 )-56378SC-PI!953-5"9PCE3-PI!3))"7)-;36"9PCE1-PI!3))"7-)<"=

2 IP o$%#&o# $"'$% o)%&&5

43-2)678SC-PI!953-5"<3-59PCE3-PI!3))"7)-1""9PCE1-PI!3))"7-)<"=

3 LP o$%#&o# $"'$% o)%&&5

4 3-2;78SC-PI!953-5"3)<-59PCE3-PI!3))"7)-1""9PCE1-PI!3))"7-)<"=

R%TIO

LIMITER

Speed

*o+tro>>er ?i@+a>

EAtra*tio+

*o+tro>>er 3

?i@+a>

EAtra*tio+

*o+tro>>er 1

?i@+a>

&P dri.er ?i@+a> "

IP dri.er ?i@+a> "

LP dri.er ?i@+a> "

SC

PCE3

PCE1

02/21/16 1.KBF



02/21/16 1KBF



02/21/16 20KBF



DCS

PLC

GOVERNOR

CONTROL

OVER SPEED

DETECTION

VIBRATION

TEMPSYSTEM

ANTISURGE

SYSTEM

ESD

MCC

LOCAL

PANEL

LOCAL

PANEL

CONTROL SYSTEMS BLOCK DIAGRAM02/21/16 21KBF



S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0

Sta+dard reDire/e+t? are

3- GCS ?0oD>d 0a.e a ?peed @o.er+or, *o+tro> /e*0a+i?/,

@o.er+or *o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?"

1- Pri/ary D+*tio+ D+>e?? ot0eri?e ?pe*iied " ?0oD>d He

to /ai+tai+ t0e tDrHi+e ?peed at a ?et .a>De Hy re@D>ati+@

?tea/ >o t0roD@0 t0e tDrHi+e-

2- GCS ?0a>> He ?eparate a+d i+depe+de+t o a+y o.era>> ?y?te/

?D*0 a? !CS

6- % /D>titoot0ed ?Dra*e or ?peed ?e+?i+@ ?0a>> He pro.ided-

T0i? ?Dra*e /ay He ?0ared Hy t0e ?peed @o.er+or, o.er ?peed

trip ?y?te/ a+d ta*0o/eter

(- Mi+i/D/ o to ?peed ?e+?or? ot0er t0a+ t0e o.er ?peed

?d ?y?te/ ?e+?or? "

5- &i@0 ?i@+a> ?e>e*tio+ pro.i?io+;- O+e ?i@+a> ai>Dre ?0oD>d i+itiate a+ a>ar/ o+>y- T0e ai>Dre

o a>> e>e/e+t? ?0a>> i+itiate a ?0Dt do+-

02/21/16 KBF 2202/21/16 22KBF



S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0

<- !e?i@+ ?0a>> i+*>Dde :

3- S>o ro>> *o+tro>1- *riti*a> ?peed Ha+d a.oida+*e

2- Ma+Da>>y a*ti.ated o.erride or te?ti+@ t0e o.er ?peed

?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/

- Go.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pro.ide or Hot0 ?>o ro>> typi*a>>y

6)) r/i+ to ()) r/i+" a+d ?tartDp D?i+@ t0e Go.er+or

*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?3)- Fai>Dre o t0e @o.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> i+itiate a tDrHi+e ?0Dtdo+-

33- %*ti.atio+ o a+y ?0Dtdo+ de.i*e ?0a>> *aD?e t0e

@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?" a+d t0e trip .a>.e?"*o/Hi+ed trip a+d

t0rott>e .a>.e ?" to *>o?e a+d i+itiate a ?i@+a> to *>o?e +o+retDr+ .a>.e?"-

31- ?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pre.e+t ope+i+@ o t0e trip .a>.e?" i t0e

@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?" are +ot D>>y *>o?ed

02/21/16 KBF 2302/21/16 23KBF



S(,%7 Co7)'"&+% ,o &,%#&",o&"' (,"&"#( '8% API 612/ API 6-0

32- Fai>Dre o t0e @o.er+i+@ ?y?te/ ?0a>> i+itiate a tDrHi+e ?0Dtdo+-36- %*ti.atio+ o a+y ?0Dtdo+ de.i*e ?0a>> *aD?e t0e

@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e ?" a+d t0e trip .a>.e?"*o/Hi+ed trip a+d

t0rott>e .a>.e ?" to *>o?e a+d i+itiate a ?i@+a> to *>o?e +o+retDr+ .a>.e?"-

3(- ?0Dtdo+ ?y?te/ ?0a>> pre.e+t ope+i+@ o t0e trip .a>.e?" i t0e

@o.er+or*o+tro>>ed .a>.e?" are +ot D>>y *>o?ed

35- %dditio+a> /ode? o *o+tro>, ?D*0 a? *o+tro>>ed eAtra*tio+?0a>> He a?

?pe*iied Hy t0e pDr*0a?er-

02/21/16 KBF 2402/21/16 24KBF



M+#o&%, 00

# T9#%% K%#&%'( +o&,"&& CPU +"#: Po!%# (*))' +"#: I/O +"#( & %"+9 o; ,9% 8%#&%'# R%*&"&, )o!%# (*))' *&,( ,o ,9% ,9#%% 8%#&%'(# D*)'+",% / T#)'+",% &)*,( %)%&& o& ,9% +#,+"',# S&'% / R%*&"&, o*,)*,( %)%&& o& ,9% +#,+"',

S(,%7 I&,#o*+,o& 5

M"& +o7)o&%&,(5

1 CPU <o"#(

2 TMR 7"& )o!%# (*))' *&,(

3 K%#&%' )o!%# (*))' <o"#(

4 AIO 7o*'%

AIO FTM

6 MPU "& AIO <o"#( = +o7<o

- MPU "& AIO FTM

. DIO <o"#(

DIO FTM



M+#o&%, 00

Mai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e? Co+td":

1 C"<'%( "& +o&&%+,o&(5O&+% " 7o&,9: +9%+8 ,9% +"<'%( ,o 7"8% (*#% ,9% "#% (,'' & oo +o&,o&: "&

+9%+8 ,9% +o&&%+,o#( ,o 7"8% (*#% ,9% "#% )'*% & "'' ,9% !"

2 F"&(5

A( " )#%$%&,$% 7"&,%&"&+% , ( #%+o77%&% ,9", ,9% 7"& +9"((( "& )o!%# +9"(((

+oo'& ;"&( <% #%)'"+% %$%# 0 000 9o*#(: "& ,9% +"<&%, ;#o&, oo# ;"& %$%# 60 0009o*#(

3 A# F',%# 7"&,%&"&+%5

C'%"&& o; "# ;',%# ( #%?*#% ,o %&(*#% )#o)%# +"<&%, "# ;'o! "& +oo'&

T9% ;',%# (9o*' <% +'%"&% !9%& , %,( #,@ ,9% )%#o <%,!%%& +'%"&&( !'' %)%& o&

,9% ,)% o; %&$#o&7%&, ,9% +"<&%, ( 'o+",% D*#& ,9% )'"&, )'"&&% (9*, o!&(: ,9( "+,$ +"& <% +"##% o*, To +'%"& ,9% ;',%#: #%7o$% ,9% ;',%# %'%7%&, ;#o7 ,9% "((%7<': !"(9 &

(o") !",%#: "& "''o! ,o # <%;o#% #%&(,"''&

4 B",,%# +9%+85

T!+% %$%# 7o&,9: &()%+, ,9% CPU <",,%#=%( ;o# (&( o; '%"8"%: (!%''&: o# "7"%



EG 10PEG 10P

; Is an electro-hydraulic transducer.

; Controls the oil fow to and rom the power piston.

; The action is through a polarized solenoid.

; Position o Actuator is directly proportional to the

input current o the solenoid coil.

Features



EG 3P

; Is an electro-hydraulic transducer.

; Controls the oil fow to and rom the power piston.

; The action is through a polarized solenoid.

; Position o Actuator is directly proportional to the

input current o the solenoid coil.; Goes to the minimum uel i electric signal is

interrupted.

; il or the actuator is ta!en rom the enginelu"ricating the system or rom a separate sump.

; Can "e urnished with or without the dri#e shat.

Features



TM 2LP

F',%# +'%"&&5

# T9% "+,*",o#( "#% (*))'% !,9 40 7+#o7%,%#( &o7&"' / -0 7+#o7%,%#(

"<(o'*,% ;',%# ;,,& ", ,9% (*))' (%+,o&

# I; ,9% "+,*",o# #%()o&(% <%+o7%( ('*(9: ,9% ;',%# +"& <% (*()%+,% ;o#+'o&

# T9% ;',%# 7" <% #%7o$%: +'%"&% *',#"(o&+"'': "& <"+8 ;'*(9% !,9 "

'9, (o'$%&,

# T9% O#& &%%( ,o <% #%)'"+% ";,%# +'%"&& ,9% ;',%#

No,%5 Do &o, #*& ,9% "+,*",o# !,9 ,9% &'%, ;',%# ;,,& o# ,9% &'&% ;',%#

#%7o$% o# <)"((% "( %,%&($% #%)"#( +"& <% 7"% &%+%(("# < o&'

7o7%&,"# %)o(*#% o; ,9% &,%#o# o; ,9% ,o#?*% 7o,o# ,o Co&,"7&"&,(

Mai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e?:



TM 2LP

Re*o//e+ded S! /ai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e:

C>ea+i+@ o Dp ?trea/ i>ter? dDri+@ a+y opportD+ity-

Rep>a*e/e+t o a*tDator ater 6( year? a+d o.er0aD> t0ere/o.ed D+it to keep it a? ?pare-

Pro.i?io+ o 3) /i*ro+ dDa> i>ter i+ Dp ?trea/ o a*tator at J 3/

di?ta+*e-

GOV a+d ECV ?troke *0e*ki+@ ?y?te/ op .? *Drre+t oDtpDt

.? a*tDa> ?troke i+ //"

Mai+te+a+*e pra*ti*e?:



Turbine Trip Parameters# "inimal two card failure

# (ll speed sensor fail

# T&5!2< &'traction temperature4-P side hi%h

# T&5!2= &'traction temperature48P side hi%h

# T&5!2> &'haust steam temperature hi%h

# Protech 32 /ver speed trip

# PS5!23 Turbine tripped pressure switch

# PS--5!2< &'haust pressure hi%h hi%h

# "icronet /ver speed trip

# -P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure

# P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure

# 8P $edundancy "ana%er both 7- converters failure

# 1i?erential Pressure P side too hi%h# 1i?erential Pressure -P side too hi%h

# Condensate level hi%h hi%h

# -" shutdown command

02/21/16 31KBF



/ver Speed Trip System

# Governor should trip beyond ma' allowablespeed.

# Three type of systems are used:

$ &/ST 4stand alone sys

$ &/ST 4Woodward

$ "/ST

# &/ST 4Woodward SP @ &/ST 4Stand alone sysSP @ "/ST SP.

# Separate sensors for Wood ward speed controland &/ST 4Stand alone sys. Three each.

02/21/16 32KBF



/ver Speed Trip System# Wood ward speed control and WW &/ST.

$ Three sensors in 6eld.

$ Ased for speed control SC as well as /ST.

$ -SS bus is used.

$ #o trip if two sensors fail. /nly alarm.

$ Trip if all three sensors fail. Woodward %enerates B"(/$ G/0D(8A$&E. Closes G/0 and send command to P8C to initiatetrip.

02/21/16 33KBF



/ver Speed Trip System

# Stand alone /S trip system 4Stand alone

&/ST.

$ Trip>i*ated, e>e*tro+i* prote*tio+ ?y?te/?

t0at are dedi*ated a+d ?eparate ro/

*o+tro> ?y?te/ Re : %PI 5;)"

$ Two types of system :

# Woodward Protect 32

# *# system.# Three separate sensors in 6eld.

$ Senses prime mover speed throu%hthree ma%netic pic+ups continuously.

$ (ctivates a trip relay when overspeed condition is detected.

$ Trip relays connected in 3oo2 lo%ic.

$ 1isplays actual speed from eachprobe.

$ /nline replacement of sin%le failed

unit.

02/21/16 34KBF



/ver Speed Trip System I MOST a+d ?ta+d a>o+e EOST eAi?t? '' OST /ay He de>eted ater

*o+?D>ti+@ OEM?-

!Dri+@ MOST te?t dDri+@ ?o>o rD+ ?etti+@ o EOST /ay He i+*rea?ed Hy

3) o.er MOST- EOST ?0oD>d +ot He Hypa??ed dDri+@ MOST te?t- Trip if all three sensors fail. Woodward %enerates B"(/$ G/0

D(8A$&E. Closes G/0 and send command to P8C to initiatetrip.

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Governor control

inpower plant

02/21/16 KBF 36

n ustr a o%enerat on



n ustr a o%enerat onSystem

02/21/16 KBF 3-



Combined Cycle

02/21/16 KBF 3.

G T bi



Gas Turbine# Gas turbine is an en%ine that uses chemical ener%y of liuid

or %aseous fuel by internal combustion to produce hot 9ue%as. This hot 9ue %as e'pands and converts heat into rotary

mechanical ener%y.

# Gas turbine wor+s on the principle of $rayton cycle.

# There are three maFor parts of the %as turbine.

. Compressor

3. Combustion system

2. &'pander turbine

02/21/16 KBF 3

rayton yc e as ur ne



rayton yc e H as ur neCycle

# 3 isentropic compression

# 3 2 isobaric process, the compressed air then runsthrou%h a combustion chamber, where fuel is burned,heatin% that air

# 2 > isentropic e'pansion

# > isobaric process, heat reFection 4e'haust

02/21/16 KBF 40

as ur ne oa



as ur ne oaCommands# Gas turbine Duel ener%y Torue

# Generator Torue (mps

# There are two *rea+ers:

$ Generator brea+er, when closed connects all machines in droopmode.

$ Atility brea+er connects all the machines 4which are in droop

mode with the G$1. ncase of load variation, "W e'port7 importis done with the G$1.

# When utility brea+er opens , machines %et isolated from G$1, calledslandin% mode. (ny load variation is calculated I shared accordin%to Jdroop.

# f the Gas turbine starts in (AT/ with automatic synchroni)ationselected at the %enerator panel, the unit will automatically load to apoint +nown as BSP###G $&S&$0&E. ( nominal "W settin% used bythe control system as a reference in the absence of any other settin%.

02/21/16 KBF 41

$ l f G i GTG



$ole of Governor in GTG# Dor power plant application, Governor has followin%

roles: $ Partload: vary GT load wrt chan%e in freuency

as per the droop characteristic

$ Preselect: "aintain GT output at desired "W.

$ sochronous: maintain GT speed at constantlevel to maintain freuency.

$ *ase load: Generate ma'imum power withinlimit of Turbine7 Compressor parameters 4e.%.

comp inlet temp, comp dischar%e pressure, GTe'haust temp

$ &'ternal Control mode: "W output is maintainedas per e'ternal set point.

02/21/16 KBF 42

P t l d / ti



Partload /peration# Why this mode 41roopK

$ Without droop, if load increase, speed slows down.

$ The %overnor will increase the fuel until the en%ine speed returns to itsori%inal speed.

$ 1ue to combined property of nertia I Power la%, speed will increasebeyond its ori%inal speed settin%, causin% an o#ershoot.

$ #ow %overnor will decrease the speed to correct the overshoot, causin%an undershoot.

$ /vercorrection of speed in both directions 4instability will amplify untilthe en%ine trips

# -ence it necessary to stabili)e GTG when freuency chan%es%system sta"ility& without %oin% to oscillation.

# (nother advanta%e is load sharing

# 1roop speed control is a proportional control , in which fuel9ow in proportion to the di?erence between actual turbinespeed I the speed reference.

02/21/16 KBF 43



1roop "ode

#1roop is Ja%e of the freuency chan%e reuired for a %overnorto move a unit from no load to full load or viceversa.

# 8ower the droop, more responsive a %eneratin% unit is tochan%es in freuency.

# $ecommended droopJ is '( to )(.

# ( minimum of 3.5J is reuired to maintain stability in a speeddroop %overnor.

# f all units have the same droop, all will share a load chan%eeually7 proportionally.

02/21/16 KBF 44



02/21/16 4KBF



02/21/16 46KBF

1roop Governor



1roop Governor# (ssume

$ /ne %enerator Anit L rated 5"W, synchroni)ed with Grid4%eneratin% capacity = "W.

$ The speed %overnor for Anit L will ta+e 5 M = or .<35Jof any load demand chan%es that should occur.

$ Anit L is currently %eneratin% 2N "W.

$ Grid operatin% at <. -)

$ (n increase in demand of 5 "W occurs

$ Anit L increase its power output by: 4.<35 45 O.235 "W. Anit L will %enerate O 2N.235 "W.

$ The other %enerators 4> J droop characteristic shares

proportionally the remainder of the load chan%e 4i.e. 5 "W .235 O >.!<=N5 "W.

$ When additional load of 5 "W came on the %rid, the systemfreuency would droop the followin% amount: <. 4.>4< 45 M =Q O <. .5 O 5!.!!=5 -)

02/21/16 KBF 4-



Preselect "ode

# Preselect: "aintain GT output at desired "W.# Preselect set point is provided by operator to Governor.

# When freuency chan%e occur "W chan%es as per thede6ned droop.

# Preselect mode brin%s bac+ "W output to de6ned "W setpoint at current freuency.

# To be used when our GTs are synchroni)ed with %rid supply4#ot runnin% on island mode. With chan%es in %ridfreuency, total power %eneration is maintained at 6'ed

internal demand level.

02/21/16 KBF 4.

h d



sochronous "ode# Dorce the unit to maintain rated speed7freuency I provide as

much power as reuired up to the turbineRs 6rin% temperaturelimit 4temperature control.

# *asically this is a speed control mode. The isochronousmachine will respond to sustain system freuency at 5.-).

# Ased only durin% islanded operation.# sochronous %overnor is proportional plus reset controller.

02/21/16 KBF 4

* l d " d



*ase load "ode# *ase load:

# Generate ma'imum power within limit of Turbine7Compressor parameters 4e.%. comp inlet temp, compdischar%e pressure, GT e'haust temp

# #o set point %iven for "W or freuency.

# Ased for optimi)in% the operation7 power.

# Ased durin% power import.

02/21/16 KBF 0

8 d S l i



8oad SelectionWhen selected

.Preselected

$ 8oads 7unloads until the preselected load output is attained.

/nce attained , fuel 9ow will be controlled to maintain that"W output until another load command is %iven or until a$aise or 8ower load command is %iven.

3.*ase load

$ 8oad 7 4unload from P&( at the normal loadin% rate until

the unit %oes on e'haust temperature control the unit is atits nominal rated power output for the ambient conditions.

Duel 9ow is re%ulated to provide the ma'imum power forthe ambient conditions without Bover6rin%E the machine.

$ (s ambient conditions chan%e, compressor inlettemperature, the unitRs power output will chan%e.

02/21/16 KBF 1

8 d S l ti



8oad SelectionWhen selected

2. Pea+ load $ 8oad at the normal loadin% rate until the unit %oes on pea+e'haust temperature control


$ Anit operates at a 6rin% temperature above its desi%nlimit, unit output is increased with a conseuent reductionin the machine maintenance intervals.

$ * hour o P+A, operation hours o $A/+operation.

02/21/16 KBF 2

& t l t l " d



&'ternal control "ode.When selected

2. Pea+ load $ 8oad at the normal loadin% rate until the unit %oes on pea+e'haust temperature control


$ Anit operates at a 6rin% temperature above its desi%nlimit, unit output is increased with a conseuent reductionin the machine maintenance intervals.

$ * hour o P+A, operation hours o $A/+operation.

02/21/16 KBF 3



Than+ Uou

02/21/16 4KBF

1roop 0ersus sochronous



1roop 0ersus sochronous

"ode # 01P

# "achine will react to the loadvariation by chan%in% itsspeed.

# t is utili)ed when multiplemachine run in parallel so that

load is shared between themachines.# Dor this sharin% to be eual

the machine need to havesame droop characteristic.

# Typically if a machine hasdroop of >J it means for a

chan%e of J in rated speedthe machine ta+es 35J of itsrated load. This is also referredto as load control mode ofoperation.

# I/C2134/

# "achine is not a?ectedby load and re%ardless of

load it will maintain thefreuency.

# This mode is also referredto as re5uency controlmode of operation.

# n case of systems not

connected to %rid it is

reuired to run at least onemachine in this mode so asto ta+e care of the load

variation.

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Governor Control- Copy

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