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Readings of MetersThe Distribution Companies employs a lot of

people to account and monitor the residentialand industrial load, these human resourcesneeds salaries.

In our country we have two types of K!meters as following"

a# $lectro%Mechanical meters &the number ofmeters in 'ablus appro(. )*,***#.

b# +repayment meters &the number of meters in'ablus appro(. *,***#.

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The losses in Distribution 'etwor-sThe $lectrical Distribution Companies in

+alestine suer from high electrical losses upto /*0 from total energy consumption.

The electrical losses are two types asfollowing"

a# Technical losses" the losses dissipated in

elements of the 'etwor-&up to /0#.b# 'on%Technical losses" the losses in electricalenergy because of the errors in K! meter1s orelectricity theft&up to 20#.

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K..! Meter MonitoringIn our pro3ect we will ad3ust the K! meter in

order to monitor the electrical energyconsumption , also using communicationsystem to send the data about the energyconsumption to the plant monthly.

The monitoring system will also detect theillegal consumption of electrical energy by thecustomer.

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!ardware Con4guration

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!ardware Con4guration+hotoelectric 5ensor.

Current Transformer.

6perational 7mpli4ers Circuits.

Recti4er Circuit.

The 8M29/%8+R5 module.

Microcontroller &+IC9:2;;#.

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Detection of $nergy Consumption$lectro%Mechanical Meter

$ach meter has ratio represent the number ofrevolution per Kwh, in our meter this ratio e rev per Kwh , that means the one revolutionrepresent &?=;>@*.**/99;Khw#.

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ReAective 6b3ect 5ensor

&BRD)#In order to detect the revolutions of rotating

magnetic dis- in $lectro%Mechanical meters,we will use QRD1114 sensor.

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ReAective 6b3ect 5ensor

&BRD)#e will use the following circuit in order toma-e a dc biasing to the phototransistor"

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Current Transformeri-e any other transformer, a current transformer

has a primary winding, a magnetic core, and asecondary winding. The alternating current

Aowing in the primary produces a magnetic 4eldin the core, which then induces a current in thesecondary winding circuit.

In our pro3ect we choose the currenttransformer that converts from

9*?> 7 this device is M5B%=*.

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Interface with

MicrocontrollerAny microcontroller have digital inputs/outputs (0,1)so, we need to ADC (analog digital converter) toconvert magnitude of current into binary number, butthe input of ADC must be voltage signal within therange (0!)volt as following"

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Interface with

Microcontroller7s we said before, we need to convert the secondary

current of C.T into analog voltage signal.

In the 4rst ,we will use small resistor to convert 7C

current signal into 7C voltage signal as following"

The resistance of the burden resistor must be minimumas possible to ma-e the burden losses very small&R@*.= ohm#.

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Interface with

MicrocontrollerThe 7mpli4er Circuit"

R*@;*KE

R@* KE R/@** KE

C@ ** uf

C/@ u:

6p%amp" M=/)7D

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Interface with

MicrocontrollerRecti4er Circuit"

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Interface with

Microcontroller

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In order to send the data into distribution

companies we used 85M system because it has

many advantages as following"

. e can use local networ- &Fawwal,watanya#.

/. Its available everywhere in +alestine.

=. e can use 5M5&short message service# to

transfer the data.

). Its very cheap &*./ 'I5 per month#.

85M 5ystem

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The 8M29/%8+R5 modulee will use the 8M29/%8+5 module to transferdata from +IC to +C server.

:ull Type 7pproved DualGand $mbedded 8+R5Module &85M

**?2**?**# withR5/=/ interface on CM65level and 7T commandset.

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The 8M29/%8+R5 moduleDue to the distinct voltage levelbetween the +IC Microcontroller

and the 8+R5 module we needan interface circuit betweenthemH we will use the followingcircuit &KIT# for 8+R5 modem forpurpose of interfacing.

e use the 7T command in order to ma-e this devicesend data from +IC microcontroller into +C server by5M5.

The 7T command is array of characters &string# sendto 8M29/ by serial cabal from +IC microcontroller.

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The Microcontroller &+IC9:2;;#

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+roteus ; +rofessional program

5imulation"

&a &b# &c#

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Control and Communication nit"

+ma(@ *.9= watt

$per month@*.)>K!

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'o-ia +C 5uiteThe main idea in our pro3ect is to useanother 85M?8+5 module, in the $lectricalcompany side in order to send and receive

data, which will be controlled by the +Ccomputers there, unfortunately we can1tprovides another 85M?8+5 module, so wewill use the mobile '6KI7 ;/=* due to its

capability with 'o-ia +C 5uit in transferand receive messages from +C computer ineasy way.

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'o-ia +C 5uitee can get the re

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CJ programminglanguage"

we can in CJ build our interface program

# Read the mobile short te(t messages of each

consumer.

/# Calculate the total bill for each consumer.

In 'ablus "

Total bill @ &$nergy %/*K!#Lthe cost per K! N.92'I5

The EnergyConsumption

The Cost per HWH

&*%**# *.)22 'I5?K!

&*%/**# *.>=9 'I5?K!

More than /* *.>9>> 'I5?K!

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The Interface +rogram

&a# &b#

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Model 5imulator

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Thank You