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Table of Contents
1. Preterite 2. Demonstratives Adjectives & Pronouns3. Ordinal numbers 4. Prepositions5. Future6. Imperfect7. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 8. Reflexives
Trigger Words
un día (one day) anteayer (day before/yesterday)
una vez (once) por una hora (for one hour)
ayer (yesterday) por fin (finally)
a noche (at night) a las ocho (at 8)
hace un año (a year ago)
el cinco de febrero (on February 5th)
ya (already) dos veces (twice)
el mes pasado (last month)
Cucaracha Verbs:andar anduve-estar estuve-poder pud-poner pus-
querer quis-saber sup-tener tuv-venir vin-
conducir conduj-producir produj-traducir traduj-
decir dij-Traer traj
*Note: When using “j” verbs, take off the “i” when conjugating into the third person plural form.
-car, -gar, -zar: Use these endings ONLY when conjugating in the “yo” form. -car -qué -gar -gué -zar -cé
Regular Endings:
-ar verb endings -er/ir verb endings
-é -Í
-aste -iste
-ó -ió
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron
Spock Verbs
hacer (do/make)
dar (give) / ver (see)
ir (go) / ser (be)
hice di / vi fui
hiciste diste / viste fuiste
hizo dio / vio fue
hicimos dimos / vimos fuimos
hicieron dieron / vieron fueron
Snake (Stem Changers)
Snakey (Y Changers)
dormir leer
dormí leí
dormimos leimos
dormiste leiste
durmió leyó
durmieron leyeron
To write the 3rd person (él/ella/ud. and ellos/ellas/uds) preterite form of –er and –ir verbs with stems that end in a vowel, change the i to y.All of these preterite forms require and accent, EXCEPT the ustedes/ellos/ellas forms.
Preterite
Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns
0 Demonstrative adjectives are words that demonstrate or point out nouns.
0 They follow the noun it modifies and agree with the gender and number of this noun.
Demonstrative Adjectives
Singular Plural
Masculine Meaning Feminine Meaning Masculine Meaining Feminine Meaning
este this esta this estos these estas these
ese that esa that esos those esas those
aquel that one overthere
aquella that one overthere
aquellos those ones over
there
aquellas those ones over
there
Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural Neuter
Masculine Feminine Meaning Masculine Feminine Meaning Neither Meaning
éste ésta this éstos éstas these esto this
ése ésa that ésos ésas those eso that
aquél aquélla that one over there
aquéllos aquéllas those ones over
there
aquello that one over there
0 Demonstrative pronouns are used in place of the adjective and the noun.
0 They are the same as demonstrative adjectives except that they have an accent.
0 There are also neuter demonstrative pronouns that are used when the gender is unknown. They don’t change in gender or number.
*This and these get the t’s!*
Ordinal Numbers1. Primero(a)
Primer
2. Segundo(a)3. Tercero(a)
Tercer
4. Cuarto(a)5. Quinto(a)6. Sexto(a)7. Séptimo(a)8. Octavo(a)9. Noveno(a)10. Décimo(a) *Note: Drop the “o” on “primero” and
“tercero” when they are followed by a singular, masculine noun.
Ordinal number must agree in number and gender with the noun they are modifying!
Prepositions
0 Izquierda (de)0 Derecha (de)0 Delante (de)0 Detrás (de)0 Cera (de)0 Lejos (de)0 Afuera (de)0 Adentro (de)0 Debajo (de)0 Encima (de)0 Entre0 Al Lado (de)0 Abajo0 Arriba0 Dentro0 Fuera
*“Abajo” and “arriba” are never followed by “de”.
*Use “de” ONLY when a specific location follows the expression.
Future0Los Irregulares:
decir dir- hacer har- poner pondr- salir saldr- tener tenr- valer vald- venir vendr- poder podr- querer querr- saber sabr-
infinitive +
-é-á
-án
-emos
-ánSame endings for –ar, -er, and –ir verbs!
-é-ás-á
-emos -éis-an
+
ImperfectRegular Endings
-ar Endings(habalr)
-er Endings(comer)
-ir Endings(escribir)
hablaba comía escribía
hablabas comías escribías
hablaba comía escribía
hablámos comíamos escribíamos
hablabais comías escribíais
hablaban comían escribíanIrregulars
ir ser ver
iba era veía
ibas eras veías
iba era veía
ibamos éramos veíamos
ibais erais veías
iban eran veían
Uses:1. Ongoing action (was/were)2. Repeated action (used to)3. No definite beginning or end4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activity (cuando)
• Todos los días• A menudo • A veces• Siempre• Coda día• Los lunes
• De vez en cuando• Muchas veces • Frecuentemente • Generalmente• Mientras
Trigger Words:
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
0Possessive adjectives have a short and a long form. Using the long form is more expressive.
0Unlike the short form, the long form follows the noun.
0Possessive pronouns show personal relationships.
0To form one:1. Use the long form of the
possessive adjective.2. Add el, la, los, las according to
gender and number of the noun it replaces.
Possessive Adjectives: Long Form
Singular Plural
mío(a) nuestro(a) míos(as) nuestros(as)
tuyo(a) vuestro(a) tuyos(as) vuestros(as)
suyo(a) suyo(a) suyos(as) suyos(as)
-Sus viajes son a diferentes lugares.--(His trips are to different places.)-Y los tuyos, ¿adónde son?--(And yours, where are they to?)
Reflexives
0Reflexive verbs take a special pronoun called a reflexive pronoun.
0A reflexive pronoun is the same person, place, or thing as the subject.
Me escondo.--I’m hiding (myself).--
The subject (yo) and the direct object (me) are the same person; you call this object reflexive.
Reflexive Pronouns
me escondo nos escondemos
te escondes os escondéis
se esconde se esconden