SEMINAR REPORTON

“GRAPHENE OXIDE REINFORCED PORTLAND CEMENT”

SUBMITTEDBYANIKET SUBHASH PATERIYA

B.E. FINAL YEAR

GUIDED BYPROF. S.G. ADHAU

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGPROF. RAM MEGHE INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY&RESEARCH,BADNERA–AMRAVATI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Seminar Report has been submitted by Aniket Pateriya during academic year 2016-17 in satisfactory manner in partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s Degree for the subject of “GRAPHENE OXIDE REINFORCED PORTLAND CEMENT” Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati.

Date:06/10/2016Prof .S.G.Adhau

Civil Engineering Department.P.R.M.I.T&R , Badnera.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the opportunity to prepare this seminar report. I would like to thank Prof. S. G. ADHAU For his kind suggestions, inspiration and guidance during preparation of this seminar report. I express my deep sense of gratitude towards Dr. P.A. KADU, Head of Civil Engineering Department for providing me all the facilities.

Last but not least, this acknowledgement would be incomplete without rendering any impartial gratitude to all those people who have help me directly or indirectly in preparing this seminar report. ANIKET PATERIYA

Final Year B.E. Civil Engineering Department. P.R.M.I.T&R , Badnera.

GRAPHENE OXIDE REINFORCED PORTLAND CEMENT

Presented By: Aniket Pateriya

Graphene Oxide What is GO (Graphene Oxide)?What does it do in Ordinary Portland

Cement ?

Diluted GO solution

Preparation Of GO

Characterisation Of “Graphene Oxide Reinforced Portland Cement”

Materials And Method

The OPC  cement Australia, as defined by the AS 3972 -2010.

Graphite, average particle size of 44 micron (mesh 325).

Go solution.Potable water.Casting procedures for all samples are similar to

OPC.

Mechanical And Internal Property Tests FLEXURAL STRENGTH:-Test Closed-loop MTS

servo-hydraulic testing machine (50 KN capacity and displacement control rate 0.1 mm/min).

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:-Closed-loop MTS servo-hydraulic testing machine (50 KN capacity and displacement control rate 0.4 mm/min).

MTS servo-hydraulic testing machine

Point flexural setup with LX 500

VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT :- Linear voltage displacement transducers (LVDTs) - measure the vertical displacement.

Linear Voltage Displacement Transducers

STRAIN:- Laser extensometer of LX 500 - load applied at a constant displacement rate.

Laser Extensometer of LX 500

ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT:- PT 400 - detect internal cracks.

Pulse Velocity Measurement PT 400

TEM ANALYSIS:-Philips CM20 analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM) digital CCD camera.

CM20 Transmission Electron Microscope

SEM ANALYSIS:- JEOL 700 IF FEG high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

JEOL 700 Scanning Electron Microscopy

NITROGEN (N2) ADSORPTION TESTS :- Micromeritics ASAP 2020 gas adsorption analyzer.

ASAP 2020 Gas Adsorption Analyzer

ResultsAccording to the SEM image, the sizes of GO sheets

are widely distributed from less than 1 μm to over 200 μm.

According to the TEM image, it can be seen that the grid appears to be entirely filled with the GO sheets (large interface between go sheet and cement matrix).

SEM image of GO sheet TEM image of GO sheet

By using mini-slump tests ,the addition of GO sheets leads to a reduction in workability. 

Geometry of mini-core Slump result by mini-slump test

A slight increase in elastic modulus may be due to the decrease in the number of original shrinkage cracks.

The ultimate strain corresponding to the peak stress, indicating an increase in the level of ductility.

The toughness is approximately 2 times increases . The compressive strength enhances by 15% to 33% and flexural strength by 41% to 59% respectively. stress-strain curves

(28 days)

Table(1) Hardened properties of mixes

GO have a higher surface adsorption capacity when compared to CNTs. Adsorption would trap ions ,which allows the initial nucleation reactions (increasing the production of C-S-H gel), giving it an extremely high specific surface area.

N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, GO has increased the measured surface area from 27.3 m2/g to 64.9 m2/g , whitch cause high proportion of gel pore thus addition of GO accelerate the hydration process.

volume-pore size curves (28 days)SEM image of sample after 28 days of curing

AdvantagesGO sheets, significantly alter the van der waals interactions

between the GO sheets and therefore improve their dispersion in water. 

The aspect ratio of a single graphene sheet can reach more than 2000.

Value of surface area of a single graphene sheet can theoretically reach 2600 m2/g.

Go can be easily acquired from natural graphite flakes (inexpensive source).

To- reduce the quantity of steel reinforcement required in cementitious matrix structures.

Allow adoption of thinner and lighter concrete structures, allowing for new architectural designs and thus reduced concrete consumption.

Relatively low weight percentage levels of graphene oxide such as between 0.01% to 0.5% by weight of the OPC is required.

DisadvantagesIt reduce the workability.

Go produce when at laboratory level it procedure make it expensive.

Applications

Precast products Marine construction

Well cementing Structural Health Monitoring (X ray type)

ConclusionThe use of GO enhanced the degree of hydration of OPC paste.The addition of GO enhances the compressive strength by 15%

to 33% and flexural strength by 41% to 59% respectively.The reduction of pore size reduce the permeability hence reduce

the formation of micro-cracks and hence make it more durable structure.

Resistance to many environmental deterioration attack due to protective GO shield improve matrix durability.

On the basis of “synthesis of go” it is clear that the production of GO if done in industrial level (large scale) then it may reduce the initial cost of go hence it may excessive use in future to make more safe ,durable and economical construction based on “graphene oxide reinforced portland cement” instead of “ordinary portland cement”.

References“Graphene Oxide As A Cement Reinforcing Additive

Preliminary Study”, Prof. Paolo Gronchi , Dott. Luigi Brambilla And Ing. Marco Goisis

“Optimizing Content Graphene Oxide In High Strength Concrete”, Valles Romero Jose And Emilio Raymundo

 “Graphene Oxide Reinforced Cement And Concrete”, Zhu

Pan,  Wenhui Duan , Dan Li And  Frank Collins (Patent Number : Wo2013096990 A1)

 “Reinforcing Effects Of Graphene Oxide On Portland Cement

Paste”, Asghar Habibnejad Korayem , Ling Qiu , Frank G Collins And C. M. Wang

Thank - You