Greek Culture Greek Culture pp. 270-277pp. 270-277

a. Greek Beliefsa. Greek Beliefs

Chapter 10.1Chapter 10.1

Essential Question:

What makes a culture unique?

VocabularyVocabulary

• CultureCulture

• Myth Myth

• UniqueUnique

• RitualRitual

• OracleOracle

Turn and talk about these words. Look them up in 10.1 if needed

MythsMyths•Traditional Traditional

stories about stories about gods and gods and heroes. Used heroes. Used in Greek in Greek religion.religion.

•Explains a Explains a culture’s culture’s beliefs or beliefs or naturenature

ritualritual

•Words or Words or actions actions that are that are part of a part of a religious religious ceremonyceremony

oracleoracle•Sacred shrine where a priest or Sacred shrine where a priest or

priestess spoke for a god or priestess spoke for a god or goddess and answers goddess and answers questions about what will questions about what will happen in the futurehappen in the future

Greek BeliefsGreek Beliefs

Greek BeliefsGreek Beliefs

• Greeks formed city-statesGreeks formed city-states– City-state-is the city and the land that City-state-is the city and the land that

surrounds itsurrounds it– Spoke Greek languageSpoke Greek language– Shared many beliefs and customsShared many beliefs and customs– Believed many of the same mythsBelieved many of the same myths

Who were the Greek gods?Who were the Greek gods?

• Pp. 270-271Pp. 270-271

Greek mythologyGreek mythology is the body of myths and is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their concerning their godsgods and and heroesheroes, , the nature of the worldthe nature of the world, and the origins and , and the origins and significance of their own significance of their own beliefsbeliefs and and ritualritual practices. They were a part of practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greecereligion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, . Modern scholars refer to, and study the myths in an attempt to throw light on and study the myths in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.of the nature of myth-making itself.

Greek Mythology Greek Mythology

…….Oh to be among the gods!.Oh to be among the gods!

Who were the Greek Gods?Who were the Greek Gods?

Greeks believed in gods and goddessesGreeks believed in gods and goddessesGods were not all-powerfulGods were not all-powerfulgods marry and have childrengods marry and have children12 most important gods and goddesses lived on 12 most important gods and goddesses lived on Mt. Mt. OlympusOlympus

Who were the Greek Gods?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZesW5RZes 3 mins 3 mins

The Titans

Beings the Greeks believed existed before the gods of Olympia. The Titans Were the offspring of Gaia (mother earth) and Uranus.

The Greeks believed Cronos fathered the gods. Afraid they would take the Titans power, Cronos ate all of his children except Zeus. Zeus killed Cronos and freed his siblings.

ZeusZeus

Zeus is the king of all the gods. He divided up the world with his brothers, Hades and Poseidon. Zeus becomes ruler of the sky and earth. Zeus has many children all of whom have powers. However, Zeus has more powers than anyone else.

HadesHadesHades is the lord of the dead in the Underworld. He’s so scary that people would not even say his name. Guests in the underworld are greeted by his three-headed dog. His brother, Zeus tricked the beautiful Persephone into marrying Hades. Her mother, Demeter, goddess of agriculture, makes a deal with Hades so Persephone only has to stay with Hades for part of the year causing winter weather.

Poseidon Poseidon Poseidon was god of the sea and brother to Zeus and Hades. In Homer’s famous Odyssey he punishes Odysseus because Odysseus blinded his son the Cyclops. He is able to cause storms with the use of his trident, 3 pronged spear. Earthquakes are believed to be caused by his wrath as well.

Hephaestus Hephaestus

Hephaestus is the god of metalworking and is married to the unfaithful Aphrodite. He forges all the weapons for the gods. He works beneath the Earth’s surface. His smashing of steel into molten lava creates earthquakes and volcanoes

Athena Athena Athena is the firstborn and favorite child of Zeus. She is known as the goddess of wisdom. According to the myth, she busts out of his head fully grown and dressed for battle. She often uses her intelligence to rescue Greek heroes. She is the protectress of the city, Athens and has the Parthenon built for her as a temple.

ApolloApolloApollo is god of the sun and twin to Artemis. His daily task is to drive the sun across the sky. During the Trojan War he helps the Trojans and helps kill legendary Greek warrior, Achilles.

AresAres

Ares is known as the god of war, not for his skill but because he liked all the violence. His parents were Zeus and Hera. He is father to the twins, Remus and Romulus. Romulus will eventually become the 1st king of Rome.

ArtemisArtemis

Artemis is the goddess of the moon and hunting. Artemis, being a female, would seek revenge if she felt someone wronged her.

HeraHeraHera was married to Zeus and is therefore queen of the gods. Most of her time is spent causing trouble for all of her husband’s girlfriends and their children. She is most famous for trying to destroy Hercules. Her sacred animal is the peacock.

AphroditeAphroditeAphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. She plays a part in starting the Trojan War. In order to win a beauty contest she bribes Paris with the most beautiful woman in the human world, Helen. When she runs away with Paris the Greeks go after her and thus begins the war.

Each city-state chose a god or Each city-state chose a god or goddess as its protector.goddess as its protector.

• Which god or Which god or goddess did Athens goddess did Athens choose as its choose as its protector?protector?

• Which god or Which god or goddess did Sparta goddess did Sparta choose as its choose as its protector? protector?

p.272p.272

Olympic GamesOlympic GamesLocated in OlympiaLocated in OlympiaGames “for the greater glory of Games “for the greater glory of Zeus”Zeus”Began in 776 B.C.Began in 776 B.C.Greeks believed their gods would Greeks believed their gods would be please if people showed skill be please if people showed skill in the arts, in athletic games, or in the arts, in athletic games, or in thinkingin thinking

Olympic Games

Greek OraclesGreek Oracles

Greek Oracles

•Priest or priestess spoke for a god.•Predicated the future.•Oracle at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi was the most famous

Modern version = psychic

• But the Greek oracles had a But the Greek oracles had a couple of advantages too. couple of advantages too.

• First, you didn't just come and First, you didn't just come and ask your question. You had to ask your question. You had to hang around the temple for a hang around the temple for a while, talking to the priests, while, talking to the priests, so they could get to know so they could get to know you. And they could see you, you. And they could see you, not just hear your voice on not just hear your voice on the telephone. the telephone.

• Second, everybody came to Second, everybody came to the same few oracles for help, the same few oracles for help, and the priests at these and the priests at these oracles (unlike the Psychic oracles (unlike the Psychic Hotline) compared notes with Hotline) compared notes with each other. So if you asked each other. So if you asked "Should I get married?" and "Should I get married?" and the oracle said "Yes," and the oracle said "Yes," and then next week your girlfriend then next week your girlfriend comes and she asks, "Will comes and she asks, "Will Gorgias ask me to marry Gorgias ask me to marry him?" then the oracle already him?" then the oracle already knows the answer to that one. knows the answer to that one.

• There is every reason to think There is every reason to think that the oracles were worth that the oracles were worth the money they charged. the money they charged.

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door

Reread the textbook to answer…Reread the textbook to answer…

• Why did the Greeks have festivals Why did the Greeks have festivals and rituals for their gods?and rituals for their gods?

• Why did the ancient Greeks seek Why did the ancient Greeks seek advice from oracles?advice from oracles?

10. 1 Greek Culture10. 1 Greek Culture

b. Epics and Fablesb. Epics and Fables• P.272-273P.272-273

Epics and FablesEpics and Fables

• Epic-a long story poemEpic-a long story poem

• Fable- a story meant to teach a Fable- a story meant to teach a lesson usually with animals lesson usually with animals personifiedpersonified

The Trojan Horse The Trojan Horse

• P.273-274P.273-274

1.1. Illiad – A Troy Story video in teacher Illiad – A Troy Story video in teacher apps 2 minsapps 2 mins

2.2. Helen_of_Troy Horrible History one Helen_of_Troy Horrible History one drivedrive

3.3. Trojan Horse clip from Troy the Trojan Horse clip from Troy the movie in teacher apps 2 minsmovie in teacher apps 2 mins

the Iliad written by Homer

EpicsEpics

• Long poemsLong poems

• Has a brave hero and adventuresHas a brave hero and adventures

• Describes brave deedsDescribes brave deeds

• ““Is” are written downIs” are written down

• Thought to be trueThought to be true

• Passed down from generation to Passed down from generation to generationgeneration

• Teaches a lessonTeaches a lesson

• The Odyssey animation clip in The Odyssey animation clip in teacher apps 4 minsteacher apps 4 mins

The Odyssey by Homer

Epics by Homer had heroes Epics by Homer had heroes that were role models for the that were role models for the GreeksGreeksThe IliadThe Iliad• Written about 700 BCWritten about 700 BC• Story of a war between the Story of a war between the

Greeks and the people of TroyGreeks and the people of Troy• Tells of a prince of Troy that

falls in love with Helen (the wife of the king) and kidnaps her

• Angers the Greeks and they attack Troy

• Trick the Trojans with a huge, hollow, wooden horse

• The Greeks capture the city, rescue Helen and take her home

The OdysseyThe Odyssey• Written about 700 BCWritten about 700 BC• Tells the story of Odysseus, a Greek Hero of the Trojan War• Adventures of Odysseus going Adventures of Odysseus going

home from the Trojan warhome from the Trojan war• He faces storms, monsters,

and witches. • Odysseus returns home to his

wife.

Homer’s Epics Taught Lessons = Homer’s Epics Taught Lessons = friendship and marriage should be friendship and marriage should be valuedvalued

Turn and Talk:Turn and Talk:Why are some computer Why are some computer viruses called Trojan horses?viruses called Trojan horses?

Aesop’s FablesAesop’s Fables

• P.274-275P.274-275

Aesop’s fables

• Short Stories • Ending teaches a moral (lesson)• Popular stories include• “The Tortoise and the Hare”• “The Boy that Cried Wolf”• Animals talk• Often funny• Told orally (out loud)• Passed down from one generation to

another

  

original 8mins original 8mins https://www.youtube.com/watchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeZe2qPLPh0h?v=MeZe2qPLPh0

• Super bowl commercial one driveSuper bowl commercial one drive• https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v==

LQvdIGeUUvoLQvdIGeUUvo

Aesop’s Fables

How is a How is a fablefable part of an part of an oral oral traditiontradition? ?

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door

EpicsEpics FablesFables

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10.1 Greek Culture10.1 Greek Culturec. The Impact of Greek Dramac. The Impact of Greek Drama

• P.275P.275

The Impact of Greek Drama

Drama is a story told mainly through words and action of a cast of characters

Greek Drama had two categories:1. tragedy-main character

struggles to overcome hardships but does not succeed

2. comedy-story ends happily (not necessarily funny like today)

Greek DramaGreek Drama

• Women not allowed to actWomen not allowed to act• Men played all the parts (even the Men played all the parts (even the

female parts) female parts) • Dramas were part of religious Dramas were part of religious

festivals for the gods and goddessesfestivals for the gods and goddesses• Dealt with big ideas Dealt with big ideas

– like the meaning of good and evillike the meaning of good and evil– The rights of peopleThe rights of people

p.276p.276

Aeschylus

Earliest Greek dramatistOne of his dramas was called the OresteiaTells about a Greek king’s return from the Trojan War and the troubles that strike his family. It is a story about revenge and murders. Shows how one evil action can lead to another

Sophocles

Accepted suffering as a part of lifeStressed courage and understandWrote play Antigone

questions whether it is better to obey orders or to do what one believe to be right

Euripides

Euripides wrote about ordinary human beings in realistic situations. His play often show the suffering caused by war.

Greek WritersGreek Writers

AeschylusAeschylus Tragedy Tragedy Main person dies – but good Main person dies – but good defeats evildefeats evil

Sophocles Sophocles Tragedy Tragedy Follow the rules or do what is Follow the rules or do what is rightright

Euripides Euripides TragedyTragedy Realism and overcoming death in Realism and overcoming death in battlesbattles

AristophaneAristophanes s

Comedy Comedy Made fun of government and Made fun of government and

religionreligion

How Greek Drama How Greek Drama DevelopedDeveloped

• P.277P.277

How Greek Drama How Greek Drama DevelopedDeveloped

• Contrast the two types of drama the Contrast the two types of drama the Greeks createdGreeks created

• How did Greek drama influence how How did Greek drama influence how people are entertained today?people are entertained today?

Greek Art and ArchitectureGreek Art and Architecture

• P.277P.277

Greek artists Greek artists

• Painted potteryPainted pottery– Large vases Large vases

• Pictures of mythsPictures of myths• Red and Black paintRed and Black paint

– Small piecesSmall pieces• Pictures of everyday lifePictures of everyday life

• Classical Style of ArtClassical Style of Art– Expressed ideals of Expressed ideals of

• OrderOrder• BalanceBalance• HarmonyHarmony

Architecture and Beautiful Architecture and Beautiful BuildingsBuildings

• Large columns to support the roofLarge columns to support the roof

• Most important buildings = templesMost important buildings = temples– Dedicated to gods or goddessesDedicated to gods or goddesses– Decorated with sculptures by artistsDecorated with sculptures by artists

•Like all Greek art = expressed ideas of Like all Greek art = expressed ideas of perfections and beautyperfections and beauty

Infographic p. 276Infographic p. 276

Acropolis-the hilltop that a fort stood onIn the acropolis of many city-states, you would find temples to the god or goddess that was its protector.Oracle shrines would also be located here.

Acropolis todayAcropolis today

• http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Acropolis-AthenVirtualTour.php?3D=Acropolis-Athens-Greeces-Greece

Temple of Athena

Temple of Athena: Temple of Athena: ParthenonParthenon• Ancient timesAncient times • TodayToday

• https://www.googlehttps://www.google.com/maps/views/v.com/maps/views/view/106642761680iew/106642761680605709217/gphoto605709217/gphoto/605881715130962/6058817151309620818?gl=0818?gl=us&headingus&heading=214&pitch=90&fo=214&pitch=90&fovy=75vy=75

Different types of Greek Different types of Greek ColumnsColumns

• It was the ancient Greeks who invented 3 beautiful types of columns. These were used It was the ancient Greeks who invented 3 beautiful types of columns. These were used all over ancient Greece to hold up buildings and rooftops and temples. One column had all over ancient Greece to hold up buildings and rooftops and temples. One column had a very simple design. One was sort of in the middle. And one was very ornate. a very simple design. One was sort of in the middle. And one was very ornate.

Image and caption on p. Image and caption on p. 277277

• When you walk around a city today, When you walk around a city today, what kind of Greek influences can what kind of Greek influences can you look for?you look for?

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door

• Think back all week:Think back all week:• List three kinds of writing that were started by List three kinds of writing that were started by

ancient Greeks. ancient Greeks. 1.1. 2.2. 3.3. • List 3 ways the Greek culture is unique.List 3 ways the Greek culture is unique.1.1. 2.2. 3.3.