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Harmony:Harmony:An Interdisciplinary An Interdisciplinary
Approach to Approach to Ancient Greek Ancient Greek Philosophy & Philosophy &
TheaterTheater
OVERVIEW:OVERVIEW:
Course Course Literature &Literature &
HistoryHistory
YOUR GOALS ARE YOUR GOALS ARE TOTO Understand the historical context of the Theban plays.
Understand the factors that influenced the thinking of Ancient Greek society.
Understand the influence of Greek philosophy and mathematics on Western thought.
Understand the purpose and importance of aesthetics regarding fine art, sculpture, architecture, and music.
Apply what you have learned to an analysis of the Theban plays..
.
Age-Old Age-Old Profound QuestionsProfound Questions
What is Real and What is Not?What is Real and What is Not?
Why Are We Here?Why Are We Here?
How Did We Get Here?How Did We Get Here?
Where Are We Headed?Where Are We Headed?
.
The Big Bang(s)(s)
Asking Age-Old Asking Age-Old Profound QuestionsProfound Questions
Has occurred as long as humankind has had the Has occurred as long as humankind has had the ability to reason.ability to reason.
Has propelled civilization forward.Has propelled civilization forward.
Could lead to our destructionCould lead to our destruction……depending on how we act on their answers.depending on how we act on their answers.
.
What is Philosophy?
PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
Asks Life’s Most Asks Life’s Most Fundamental Profound Fundamental Profound QuestionsQuestions
Profound QuestionsProfound Questions
Are often simple
YET…YET…
Are philosophically “deep.”
..
.
Their AnswersTheir Answers
Are sometimes simple
YET…YET…
Often paradoxical
or even unknowable.
..
.
But the important But the important thing is…thing is…
That we NEVER
STOPSTOP
Asking them of ourselves
And our culture.
..
.
“ “ The The UNEXAMINED UNEXAMINED LIFELIFE is not worth is not worth living. ” living. ”
SocratesSocrates before his death in 399 B.C. before his death in 399 B.C.
PHILOSOPHY:PHILOSOPHY:
The Six BranchesThe Six Branches
Q: Can you name at Q: Can you name at
least two?least two?
PHILOSOPHY’s PHILOSOPHY’s Bodhi Tree:Bodhi Tree:
. Logic
. Logic
Ethics
Ethics
. Epistemology
. Epistemology
Aesthetics .
Aesthetics .
Politics
PoliticsMetaphysics .
Metaphysics .
Aesthetics
Aesthetics
WHAT IS BEAUTYBEAUTY?
WHAT IS TRUTHTRUTH?
Epistemology
Epistemology
WHAT FORM FORM OF OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT IS BESTIS BEST?
Politics
Politics
WHAT IS REALITYREALITY?
Metaphysics
Metaphysics
WHAT IS RIGHTRIGHT?
Ethics
Ethics
WHAT IS GOOD
THINKINGTHINKING?
Logic
Logic
And the And the GranddaddyGranddaddyof allof allProfound Profound Questions …Questions …
What is…What is…
How Did We Get Here?
How Did We Get Here?
How Did We Get Here?
How Did We Get Here?
SocratesSocrates
How Did We Get Here?
How Did We Get Here?
And..
Art Art ShmartShmart
QQ:: Why Should We Care About Why Should We Care About
BEAUTYBEAUTY in Light of Those in Light of Those Other Big Questions?Other Big Questions?
Aesthetics
Aesthetics
Q: Why Should We Care About Q: Why Should We Care About AestheticsAesthetics in Light of These in Light of These
Bigger Questions?Bigger Questions?
A: Because the Former A: Because the Former Helps Us Answer The Latter.Helps Us Answer The Latter.
““Beauty is Truth and Truth Beauty is Truth and Truth beauty. beauty.
That is all ye know on Earth That is all ye know on Earth and all ye need to know.”and all ye need to know.”
John Keats (1795-1821)Romantic Period
Two pts. to Keats for Two pts. to Keats for using CHIASMUS to using CHIASMUS to emphasize the final emphasize the final importance of “all ye importance of “all ye need” to know in life.need” to know in life.
STYL
E AL
ERT!
STYL
E AL
ERT!
CHIASMUSCHIASMUS
From the Greek letter “CHI” From the Greek letter “CHI” written aswritten as
BeautyBeauty Truth Truth
Truth Truth BeautyBeauty
CHIASMUSCHIASMUS
Two pts. to YOU if you are the first to Two pts. to YOU if you are the first to raise your hand and identify the type of raise your hand and identify the type of verbal omission Keats uses to elevate his verbal omission Keats uses to elevate his style to suit the loftiness of his meaning.style to suit the loftiness of his meaning.
““Beauty is Truth and Truth Beauty is Truth and Truth beauty…”beauty…”
BONUS
!
BONUS
!
““Beauty is Truth and Beauty is Truth and Truth beauty. Truth beauty.
That is all ye know on That is all ye know on Earth and all ye need to Earth and all ye need to
know.”know.”
John Keats (1795-1821)Romantic Period
If you know BEAUTY, you know
TRUTH.
If you know TRUTH, you can begin to understand life’s
profound questions.
If A = B
and
B = C…
Then A = C
Transitive Transitive Property of Property of
EqualityEquality
THEREFORE:
If Beauty is Truthand
Truth is Beauty…
Art Says…
THEN:
To behold and to study me
is
To know all.
Art Says…
Aristotle says,Aristotle says,
By the way…By the way…
I perfected the logical
syllogism as a method for discovering
TRUTH.
IF, THEN…IF, THEN…
Aristotle says,Aristotle says,
F.Y.I. … F.Y.I. …
The Big Bang(s)The Big Bang(s)
ANCIENT GREEK PERIODANCIENT GREEK PERIOD
Theban PlaysTheban PlaysOedipus, OaC, AntigoneOedipus, OaC, Antigone
HIGH MIDDLE AGESHIGH MIDDLE AGES
Dante’s Dante’s InfernoInferno
The Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of VeniceRomeo & JulietRomeo & Juliet
RENAISSANCE / ELIZABETHANRENAISSANCE / ELIZABETHAN
ROMANTIC PERIODROMANTIC PERIODA Tale of Two CitiesA Tale of Two Cities
(Setting)(Setting)
VICTORIAN PERIODVICTORIAN PERIODA Tale of Two CitiesA Tale of Two Cities
Silas MarnerSilas Marner
MODERN PERIODMODERN PERIODWest Side StoryWest Side Story12 Angry Men12 Angry Men
POST-MODERN PERIODPOST-MODERN PERIOD
Self-Help BookSelf-Help Book
History has MOTION.
George Friedrich Hegel George Friedrich Hegel German PhilosopherGerman Philosopher
1770-18311770-1831
POLITICS
POLITICS
POLITICS
POLITICS
History has always had MOTION.
Even since the beginning of the universe.
(1879-1955)
History is a series of waves
in which civilizations
undulate back and forth.
Light
Sound
Matter
"It followed from the special theory of relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing -- a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E is equal to m c-squared, in which energy is put equal to mass, multiplied by the square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned above. This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally."
(1879-1955)
With each new synthesis, history and civilization
come closer to perfection– now that’s progress!
OrderOrder eventually arises eventually arises
fromfrom Chaos Chaos
G.F. Hegel G.F. Hegel German PhilosopherGerman Philosopher1770-18311770-1831
ANOTHER METAPHORANOTHER METAPHORPHOR PROGRESSPHOR PROGRESS
Pirsig’s Pirsig’s RatchetRatchet
Pirsig 'Lila' ch. 11:
“A DYNAMICDYNAMIC advance is meaningless unless it can find some STATICSTATIC pattern with which to protect itself from degeneration back to the conditions that existed before the advance was made.
Evolution can't be a continuous forward movement. It must be a process of ratchet like steps in which there is a DYNAMICDYNAMIC movement forward up some new incline and then, if the result looks successful, a STATIC latching-on of the gain that has been made; then another DYNAMICDYNAMIC
advance, then another STATIC latch.”
PR
OG
RE
SS
PR
OG
RE
SS
TIMETIME
Post
-Mod
ern
Era
Post
-Mod
ern
Era
Post
-Mod
ern
Era
Post
-Mod
ern
Era
OR…OR…
Post-Modern Era
Post-Modern Era
Post-Modern Era
Post-Modern Era
MAN…
E + D = E + D =
XX
Pyongyang has
issued a series of
threats, including
one to "destroy
the earth" if the
US resorted to
nuclear war
against it.
Nuclear Strike Threat Grows
“Rogue nations could have ICBMs sooner than U.S. planners thought.”
John Gittings in Hong Kong John Gittings in Hong Kong and Suzanne Goldenberg in and Suzanne Goldenberg in
WashingtonWashingtonTuesday December 24, 2002Tuesday December 24, 2002
The GuardianThe Guardian
ETHICS
ETHICS
IvyIvy
MikeMike
The Next Big Bang?The Next Big Bang?
OrderOrder fromfrom ChaosChaosThe Greek Ideal
Egypt, Late 5th DynastyEgypt, Late 5th Dynasty
Relief depicting men, women, and children Relief depicting men, women, and children suffering from severe famine. suffering from severe famine.
Giza
Egyptian Sphinx