Green Buildings

Rama U Pandey

Faculty, Department of Planning, SPA Bhopal

• Why------ GREEN BUILDING ?

• GREEN BUILDING Concept

• Rating Systems

• Case Studies

Presentation Structure

Global Concerns

Blue is cool red is

hot

Map by NASA shows temperatures changing

CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL WARMING

Threats of Climate Change

• Floods• Droughts• Storms• Fire• Earthquake• Rising sea level• Endangered

species and plants

• No Drinking Water

• Starving Humans----etc

Root Cause

Environmental Pollution

Green House Gas Emission

Energy Consumption

Sustainability and Building Sector

• 50% of material resources taken from nature are building related

• Over 50% of National waste production comes from the building sector

Most Polluting and Energy Consuming Sector

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration statistics (GraphicPublished first in Metropolis Magazine, October 2003 Issue)

• 40% of Global Energy Consumption is building related

• 50% of Global Green House emission is due to Buildings

Would you Continue like this----?Unknowingly, architecture and building community is responsible for almost half of green emission annually.

BUILT GREEN BUILDINGS or SUSTAINABLE HABITAT

The objective is to evolve a strategy to reduce energy use in buildings so as to reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emission into the earth’s atmosphere.

A green building is designed , constructed and operated to minimize the total environmental impacts while enhancing user comfort and productivity

Green-ness is an accountability projectThe qualitative and quantitative measures of sustainability and the actual benefits of green design need to be measuredThese efforts are important because they will enable us to determine:

• The net GHG emission• Achievement in Total cost savings• The impact on human health and environment etc

Government body and policy guidelines responsible for assessing sustainability in buildings sector in India:

• NBC, 2005• ECBC, 2007• Local byelaws

Prevalent building rating systems in IndiaGRIHA: Green rating for integrated habitat assessment(National Rating System)LEED: Leadership in energy and environmental design

Green Building Concept• Sustainable site

planning• Building Design

optimization• Energy performance

optimization• Renewal energy

utilization• Water and Waste

management• Solid waste

management• Sustainable building

material and construction technology

• Health, well being and environmental quality

Green Building Rating SystemA green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measuresenvironmental performance of a building through its life cycle

Comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building

A project is awarded points once it fulfills the rating criteria. The points are added up and the final rating of a project is decided.

Globally, green building rating systems are largely voluntary innature and have been instrumental in raising awareness andpopularizing green building designs.

Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets performancebenchmarks and goals that are largely quantifiable

Successful International Rating Programs: BREEAM

Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) was developed in UK in 1990

• Covers a range of building types : offices, homes, industrial units, retail units, and schools.

• Points are awarded for each criterion and the points are added for a total score.

• The overall building performance is awarded a ‘Pass’, ‘Good’, ‘Very Good’ or ‘Excellent’ rating based on the score.

• BREEAM has separate criteria/checklist for evaluation of Design and Procurement Management and Operation of buildings

There is also a set of core credits that can be applied for, in case if the building wishes to go in for ‘Core only’ assessment for building performance.

BREEAM major categories of criteria for Design and Procurement

• Management (commissioning period and process adopted, monitoring ofcommissioning, energy use in site activities, waste management, pollutionminimization)• Health and comfort (adequate ventilation, humidification, presence ofcontrollable blinds, energy efficient lighting, thermal and visual comfort, low noiselevels)• Energy (sub-metering)• Transport (modes of transport to and from site, alternative transportfacilities)• Water (consumption reduction, metering, leak detection)• Materials (asbestos mitigation, storage facilities, reuse of structures,specifications of envelope, use of crushed aggregate and sustainable timber)• Land use (previously used land, use of re mediated contaminated land)• Ecology (land with low ecological value or minimal change in value,maintaining major ecological systems on the land, minimization of biodiversityimpacts)• Pollution (leak detection systems, on-site treatments, local or renewableenergy sources, light pollution design, avoid use of ozone depleting and globalwarming substances)

•Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE) was developed in Japan, in 2001.

•The family of assessment tools is based on the building’s life cycle: pre-design, new construction, existing buildings, and renovation.

•CASBEE presents a new concept for assessment that distinguishes environmental load from environmental quality and building performance.

• Under CASBEE there are two spaces, internal and external, divided by the hypothetical boundary, which is defined by the site boundary and other elements, with two factors related to the two spaces, in which the

‘Negative aspects of environmental impact which go beyond the hypothetical enclosed space to the outside (the public property)’ ‘Improving living amenity for the building users’ are considered side by side.

Successful International Rating Programs: CASBEE

• GBTool was developed by the International Framework Committeefor the Green Building Challenge, an international project that hasinvolved more than 25 countries since 1998.

• GBTool is designed to be adapted by sponsors to reflect regional conditions and context.

It includes criteria in categories : Site Selection, Project Planning and Development; Environmental Loadings; Energy and Resource Consumption; Indoor Environmental Quality Functionality; Long-Term Performance; and Social and Economic Aspects.

• Criteria are assessed using scales that are based on local benchmarks of ‘typical’ practice;

• Buildings can score –1 if below typical practice or from +1 to +5, representing good to very high performance. All criteria must be attempted.

Successful International Rating Programs: GBTool

GBTool Major Categories of Criteria• Energy consumption is assessed through

Total use of non-renewable energy (embodied and operational), Electrical demand, Usage of renewable energy, Commissioning.

• Resource consumption is assessed through Materials use (salvaged, recycled, bio-based and sustainably harvested, locally

produced, designed for disassembly, re-use, or recycling) Water use for irrigation, Building systems Occupant use

• Environmental loadings include GHG emissions, other atmospheric emissions, solid wastes storm water waste water site impacts other local and regional impacts.

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) wasdeveloped and piloted in the US in 1998 as a consensus-basedbuilding rating system based on the use of existing buildingtechnology.

• The rating system addresses specific environmental buildingrelated impacts using a whole building environmentalperformance approach.

• The Indian Green Building Council has adapted LEED system andhas launched LEED India version for rating of new construction.

• Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched several otherproducts for rating of different typologies of buildings includinghomes, factories, among others.

Successful International Rating Programs: LEED

Key Components of the LEED System

• Sustainable sites (construction related pollution prevention, site development

impacts, transportation alternatives, storm water management, heat island effect, and light pollution)

• Water efficiency (landscaping water use reduction, indoor water use reduction,

and waste water management strategies)• Energy and atmosphere (commissioning, whole building energy performance optimization, refrigerant management, renewable energy use, and measurement and verification)

• Materials and resources (recycling collection locations, building reuse,

construction waste management, and the purchase of regionally manufactured materials, materials with recycled content, rapidly renewable materials, salvaged materials, and FSC certified wood products)

• Indoor environmental quality (environmental tobacco smoke control,

outdoor air delivery monitoring, increased ventilation, construction indoor air quality, use low emitting materials, source control, and controllability of thermal and lighting systems)

• Innovation and design process (LEED® accredited professional, and

innovative strategies for sustainable design)

GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

• National Rating System of India.

• Will evaluate environmental performance of buildings holistically over its entirelifecycle, thereby providing a definitive standards for what constitute a greenbuilding.

• GRIHA has been conceived by TERI and developed jointly with the Ministry ofNew and Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is a green building 'designevaluation system', and is suitable for all kinds of buildings in different climaticzones of the country.

• ADARSH, Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitatsfounded jointly by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi) andMNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) along witha handful of experts in the sustainability of built environment from across thecountry.

• ADARSH promotes GRIHA as a design & evaluation tool for Green Buildings andHabitats.

GRIHA: Criteria's

Points Ratings

51 - 60

61 - 70

71 - 80

81 - 90

91 - 100

34 Rating Criteria’s

Sustainable Site Planning

Protection : Well Being

Water Management

Building Design Optimization

Energy Performance Optimization

Waste Water Management

Sustainable Building Material & Construction Technology

Renewable Energy Utilization

Solid Waste Management

Environmental Quality

IIT Kanpur Centre for Environmental Sciences: 5 Star GRIHA Rated Building

IIT Kanpur Centre for Environmental Sciences

IIT Kanpur Centre for Environmental Sciences: Inner Courtyards

Natural Shades on Walls and Windows

Wall Insulation

Rat trap bond with glass wool stuffed

Flycon blocks for external walls

Avani Residence

Private Residence

High Reflective Paints

High reflective material

Avani Residence, Hyderabad

Roof Insulation

Day Lighting

Private Residence

Best strategy• Maximum Day-lighting for

Homes• Overall lighting density• Less than 0.5 W/sq.ft

Sun Pipe

Sun Pipes used to lit basement, Avani ResidenceSun Pipes used at Viswa Syamalam, Chennai

Shading Devices

T-Zed Homes

Shading DevicesChajjas : Atleast 30-40% of window height

Solar Water Heating

Electricity for waterheatingMost inappropriate

Solar Water Heating at Mahindra Chloris, Faridabad

Solar water heatersgaining tremendouspopularity

Salvaged Materials

Salvaged wood used in door & windows

Salvaged wood for Doors inAvani Residence

Low VOC Paints

Use low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) paints For all interior applications

Market Transformation

On-site STP

Provide onsite waste water treatment system

Potable water savings upto 50 - 60 %

Flushing Landscaping

Piped bio-gas connection toall dwelling units

On-site Bio-GasConnection

Water Monitoring and Energy Efficient Appliances

Water meters for potable use Sub-metering

Wide use of minimum BEE 3 star rated equipment

Learning• Need to change mind-sets of people

• Different drivers fordifferent people

•Product certification can make it easy for the common man

• Need to deliver green home withoutincreasing the EMI Mahindra Chloris, Faridabad

Architect services• Can deliver a

green home at minimum / no increment cost

• Knowledge levels sporadic Energy and water

efficiency

products

Vendor critical

• Reuse of materials

Product Certification

Occupants

Passion, Quality of life, Pride

Developers

• Business case Demand for

green homes

should increase

Availability of materials

Product Certification Different Drivers for Different People

Individual houses Sourcing of materials – issue

Solution Market transformation

Materials off the shelf

Deliver green home withoutincreasing the EMI

Green Homes Voluntary thus far

IncentivesIncentives for green homes will enhance pride ; not economics

Challenge To deliver green home where cost is lower than conventional homes

OpportunitiesFew Materials, Equipment & Technologies

Summing Up

Residential sector can contribute significantly inclimate change mitigation

By building green homes Instil in the common man

• A Sense of Pride• Contribution to society

Green Homes should be a National Priority Good for individual For Society For the Nation

Thank You