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Conserving, Protecting and Renewing the Environment

Green Technology

BY KAKALI ROY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE M.Sc ,GEOGRAPHYADAMAS UNIVERSITY

WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY [United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Earth Summit Agenda 21: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)] [United Nations Environment Programme, Environmentally Sound Technologies for Sustainable Development, Revised Draft (Osaka, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2003)], Based on Agenda 21, environmentally sound technologies are geared to protect the environment, are less polluting, use all resources in a more sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle residual wastes in a more acceptable manner than the technologies for which they were substituted. Other related terms for green technology include: climate-smart, climate-friendly and low-carbon technology.

GOALS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

ReduceRecycleRefuseRenewResponsibility

Strengths from adopting green technologyAbility to meet strict product specifications in foreign markets:Manufacturers in developing countries typically need to meet stricter environmental requirements and specifications to export their products to industrialized countries than vice versa. The adoption of green technologies can help exporting companies to gain advantage and market share over competitors. Reduction of input costs: Green technology can improve production efficiency through the reduction of input costs, energy costs and operating and maintenance costs, which can improve a companys competitive position. Environmental image: Adopting green technology can improve a companys environmental reputation, which is crucial if other competitors and consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious. Ability to meet stricter environmental regulations in the future: Companies that invest in green technology are more likely to be better equipped and ready for stricter environmental regulations as well as product specifications that are expected to be imposed on them in the future.

Branches Of Green Technology

Green ITGreen BuildingGreen NanotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen EnergyOrganic AgricultureGreen Transpotration

Green Information Technology

Green IT : TechnologyGreen IT stands for Green Information Technology. Information Technology is essentially the design, implementation and management of computers that both individuals and businesses use.

Green Information Technology

Source: The Economic Times,11 Feb 2016. Bharti AirtelLtd, India's No 1 mobile carrier, announced the migration of 40,000 of itsnetworksitesacross India togreentechnology. Gopal Vittal, MD & CEO, Bharti Airtel (India South Asia) & said Under "Project Leap", Bharti Airtel will establish a world-class and future-ready network, while committing to bring down its carbon footprint emission by 70 per cent by 2018. "We plan to adopt solar and new battery technologies in a big way and double our Green network sites by 2020," said Vittal. Bharti Airtel has already installed roof top solar power capacity base of 770 KWp and plans to increase this capacity to 1 MWp in coming months and enhancing renewable energy wheeling by solar/wind/hydro on core sites - thereby consuming > 65 GWH/Annum of green energy.

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Green Building

WHAT IS GREEN BUILDINGGreen building(also known asgreen constructionorsustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages.The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

According to a recent study by theUS Green Building Council(USGBC) for LEED outside of the US, India has ranked 3rd in the list after China, while Canada topped the green rankings.

Currently, the Council has certified nearly 2.07 billion sq/ft of green footprints in India and has set a target of 10 billion sq/ft by 2022.

At present, there are 200-plus LEED rated green buildings in India, about 40 IGBC green factory buildings and almost 250 IGBC rated green homes. Jun 1, 2014.

GREEN BUILDING IN INDIA

ITC GREENCENTRE GURGAONRajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad

RESIDENCE ANTILIA, MUMBAI

This is 70 storey, 570 foot tall tower is a home for a single family, that of Indian Mukesh Ambani.

The tower has been designed by perkins in 2010.

The design is innovative with rooftop gardens. SOURCE;https://shashadgujaran.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/antilla_building_mumbais_green_tower.jpg

The Druk White Lotus School - Ladakh

Green Nanotechnology

Green NanotechnologyGreen Nanotechnologyrefers to the use ofnanotechnologyto enhance the environmental sustainability of processes currently producingnegative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability. It includes making green Nano-products and using Nano-products in support of sustainability.Nanotechnology is manipulation of matter on anatomic,molecular, andsupramolecularscale.

Green NanotechnologyDematerializationOne of the chief ways nanotechnology might decrease pollution is throughdematerialization-- the reduction of materials required for manufacturing. Products that can self-assemble out of small components use much less material than ones we build from the top-down, which generate waste and often require solvents and chemical processes. Meanwhile, researchers are also developing ingenious ways to monitor pollution, such as nanosensors that can biochemically detect contamination and pathogens, in real time and over large areas.Nanoscale IronNanoscale ironoffers one safe approach for neutralizing chlorinated organic solvents, organic chlorine-based pesticides like DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Add iron nanoparticles to tetrachloroethene (a common solvent used in dry cleaning) and the iron oxidizes, or rusts, freeing up electrons. The reaction gobbles up these electrons, leaving ethene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon.

Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry

Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.Whereasenvironmental chemistryis the chemistry of the natural environment, and of pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks to reduce and preventpollutionat its source.

Source; data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQMAAADCCAMAAAB6zFdcAAAA8FBMVEX///9NkSource;BMtXQQ7

USA has been a forerunner in the promotion of this awareness. They give Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge (PGCC) Awards to promote the design of chemical products and manufacturing processes that prevent pollution and are economically competitive.It may be mentioned that some other countries, namely UK, Australia, Italy, have instituted several awards to render Green chemistry practice more popular and lucrative. National Symposium: The first National Symposium on Green chemistry was held in 1999 at the University of Delhi, as a part of the Indian venture. A National Workshop on Green Chemistry was organized by the Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi in March 2009 to bring together all who are practicing Green chemistry in India for the first time.

Green chemistry awareness initiatives

GREEN CHEMISTRY IN INDIAPharmaceutical industry in India Globally ranks 3rd in terms of volume and 14th in terms of value according to Department of Pharmaceuticals,Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. There is a great need to develop newer enzymes that can work at ambient conditions and to determine their optimum activity by in-depth study. An interdisciplinary approach and healthy partnership between research institutions and industry can very effectively evolve solutions to problems faced like the increase in the cost of chemical fertilizers and consequent risk of degradation of soil fertility by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the role of biofertilizers is becoming significant. Monitoring and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides is very important for an agroeconomy-based country like India, and chief governmental institutes like the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) are working extensively in this field.

Several trends are combining to push green principles to the fore of business strategy advances in biotechnology are bringing new scientific horizons within reach. At a national level, green chemistry has a role to play in making India globally competitive and execution of the Make in India and Swachh Bharat (Clean India) campaigns, said Nadir Godrej, Chairman CII National Committee Chemicals and managing director, Godrej Industries Ltd, during a conference on New trends in green chemistry organised by CII in Mumbai on February 18, 2015.

The clean Ganga project is one example where the chemicals industry can contribute vastly. Modern technologies and water treatment chemicals can offer cost effective, long-term solution to wastewater problem in India. By adopting green chemistry principles, chemical industry can improve not just productivity, but also solve the problem of effluent discharge, said G D Yadav, vice chancellor, Institute of Chemical Technology.

Japan- TiO2 photocatalysts in Green chemistry: Secondgeneration titanium oxide-based photocatalytic systems have been developed and shown to be important for the purification of polluted water, the decomposition of offensive atmospheric odours as well as toxins, the fixation of CO2 and the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons on a huge global scale. USA- The concept of atom economyand the synthesis of methylmethacrylate (producesusable product at a satisfactory cost).India -Development of solid support reagents and catalysts useful for organic transformations: MgAlOBut-hydrotalcite, montmorillonites, and a layered double hydroxide fluoridesolid base catalyst for CC bond formation20 provide a few examples of the solid support reagents that have been developed at IICT, Hyderabad.

Green chemistry in world

GreenEnergy

Green EnergyRenewable energyisenergythat comes from resources which are continually replenished suchsunlight, wind, rain,tides,wavesandgeothermal heat. About 16% of global final energy consumption comes fromrenewable resources, with 10% of all energy from traditionalbiomass, mainly used for heating, and 3.4% fromhydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly.The share of renewables inelectricity generationis around 19%, with 16% of electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.

SOURCE ; http://www.marketresearchreports.com/sites/default/files/blogimage/renewable-energy-potential-in-india-2014-2022.jpgIN 2014-2022.

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SOURCE : http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ajaiswal/SolarInstallations.jpg31.01.2014.India already had a total installed capacity of 1.9 GW of solar power by August 2013, with plans of increasing the capacity by an additional 10 GW by 2017, totalling to 22 GW by 2022. This has been fuelled by regulatory frameworks and policies, including the National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, which aims for 15% renewable energy by 2020.

Solar Home Lighting Programme for Rural IndiaThrive Solarhas implemented Solar Home Lighting Projects in rural areas through the MNRE/NABARD Subsidy programme. Under this programme, beneficiaries buy Solar Home Lighting Systems of different capacities with 40% subsidy from MNRE under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). The capacities covered under the scheme are from 10Wp to 200Wp. The scheme is implemented through NABARD, all Public Sector, Commercial and Rural banks.

PROGRAMMES APPROACH-The project takes into account Indias diverse rural landscape. It is carrying out cluster-based pilot interventions in 26 villages in two distinct regions: Korba in Chhattisgarh, and Kolwan in Maharashtra. It involves the use of three different renewable energy technologies: straight vegetable oil-based electricity generation, dry anaerobic digestion of napier grass, and napier grass-based fuel pellet production. The project integrates the respective communities into its activities through the formation of village energy committees (VECs), sub-VECs and village energy enterprises (VEEs).Results achieved so far-To date, some 12 villages have been commissioned to produce the new fuel products, and their production is progressing successfully. In these villages, the community structures have been formed, and they are actively involved in managing the production systems. An operations team is also in place to manage the systems. In three villages, management of the systems has now been handed over to the local community.Enterprises have been established using the electricity derived through the project. The businesses include rice hullers, irrigation pumps, flour mills and producers of ready-to-eat food. The VECs and sub VECs are now involved in revenue collection. Meanwhile, supply chains for important feedstock have been established, based on contract farmers who grow napier grass and with links to jatropha seed traders.

RURAL INDIAS RENEWAL ENERGY PROGRAMMES

SOLAR POWER IS USED IN LARGE KICCHENS IN INDIA FOR COOKINThe solar steam system, which was recently inaugurated by New and Renewable Energy Minister Farooq Abdullah, has been designed for cooking food for devotees visiting the Sai temple, according to the release which is WORLDS LARGEST SOOLAR COOKING SYSTEM. By installing the solar powered cooker, at a cost of Rs 1.33 crore, the organiser can cook food for 20,000 people per day incurring cheaper cost on fuel. The Centre has granted a subsidy of Rs 58.40 lakh so that Sri Sai Baba Sansthanan can save every year 1lakh kg of LPG, estimated to cost Rs 20,00,000. Some of the other large solar steam cooking systems installed include one at Mount Abu in Rajasthan for 10,000 people per day, Tirupathi in Andhra Pradesh for 15,000 people a day.

Most significant solar cooking project in shirdi sai natha, Maharashtra,India.source:http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/solarcooking/images/2/25/Shirdi_roof_collector_array.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20100425231949

Sunderbans powered by Tatas Solar PowerTravelling from Howrah for 81 kms taking a 90 minutes ferry ride from Patharpratima, is what takes one to the beautiful village of Indrapur, in Sundarbans which leaves you spellbound. The only way to access the project location was through a 90 minute ferry ride from Patharpratima, the closest ferry dock which is 81 kms away from the nearest railway station.Tata Power Solar successfully custom designed, engineered and installed a 110 kW solar plant that was commissioned in March 2011.Access to solar energy without continuous sun: Despite a population of 200,000, the island has no mains electricity supply. To make up for the lack of continuous exposure to sun, Tata Power Solar custom designed a unique solar power system on a two day autonomy mechanism in which battery bank was altered to discharge a 25 30% per day irrespective of a sunny or a cloudy day. This way the battery stores up to 70-80% energy that can be used the following day.Impact-Well suited to the fragile ecosystem of the region, the solar power plant gives the fishing community of 10,000 people access to electricity and clean water. Over 2000 families have electricity and children are able to use good quality of light to do their homework after dark. Literacy rates have improved and the island economy has been boosted by extended working hours, especially the periodically held village markets. The village now enjoys a night bazaar where its people are able to go buy fresh fruits and vegetables.

INDIA West Bengal , Sagar Island in Sundarban the delta of Ganga river , solar power

Solar ATMs changing the face of banking in IndiaAt the Chennai factory of startup Vortex Engineering, technicians are building Solar ATMs that can work far better in rural areas compared with conventional cash machines."This makes it a $ 500-600 million opportunity for companies like Vortex Engineering that have a customized and relevant product for the market," says Sateesh Andra, managing partner at Venture East Tenet Fund, an early investor into the company.Vortex ATMs use only up to 100 watts about as much as it takes to light a bulb.In 2008, the first ATM rolled out of the Vortex factory as a pilot project for India's largest bank the State Bank of India. In 2009, the State Bank of India ordered 545 ATMs, of which 300 were solar. By 2011 it was selling to Nepal, Bangladesh, Djibouti and Madagascar.IN 2015 the company will roll out 5,000 ATMs to more than 20 rural bank companies and look to expand internationally.

SOURCE: CNBC Neerja JetleyTuesday, 1 Apr 2014 | 8:37 AM ET

Top Runner Programme on end-use efficiency in JapanJapan initiated the Top Runner Programme to improve energy efficiency of end-use products, as a cornerstone of its climate change policy. The idea is that the most energy-efficient product on the market during the standard-setting process establishes the Top Runner standard which all corresponding product manufacturers will aim to achieve in the next stage.The targeted products account for more than 70 per cent of residential electricity use. But the target is over achieved For example,-The energy efficiency of room air conditioners improved by 68 per cent, of refrigerators by 55 per cent, of TV receivers by 26 per cent, of computers by 99 per cent, of fluorescent lights by 78 per cent, of vending machines by 37 per cent and of gasoline passenger cars by 23 per cent (Japan, Energy Conservation Center, 2008), representing enormous technical improvements and attaining one of the highest levels of energy efficiency in the world. Portugal - increased the share of renewable (including hydroelectric power) in total energy supply from 17 to 45 per cent in just five years, between 2005 and 2010. Such accelerated transitions will likely be easier in small and resource-rich or affluent economies than in large and resourcepoor or low-income countries.

PLASTIC SOLID WASTE is USED FOR MAKING OF ROADS IN INDIA

The plastic waste material is first shredded to a particular size using a shredding machine. The plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulting mix is used for road construction. The road laying temperature is between 110c to 120c. The roller used has a capacity of 8 tons.

Prof R Vasudevans also made plastone made of plastic and stone , Which can float also.Jamshedpur, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Tamil Nadu already implemented this road making policy.

Prof R Vasudevan

Source:http://www.thebetterindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/plastic-man-fb-post.jpg

Organic agricultureOrganic agriculture, according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, is a holistic production management system that avoids use of synthetic fertilizer, pesticides and genetically modified organisms, minimizes pollution of air, soil and water and optimizes the health and productivity of interdependent communities of plants, animals and people. The market for global organic food and beverage is currently estimated at around US$104.5 billion by 2015. Organic agriculture consists of practices that increase resource efficiency by optimizing nutrient and energy flow while minimizing human health risks and environmental impact includes: Crop rotations Crop diversity Integrated livestock production Organic fertilizer Biological pest control

ORGANIC FOOD IN INDIA

Roadmap for the agriculture sector in the Republic of KoreaThe Korean Government has already started adapting its agriculture sector in the face of a changing climate. The adaptation strategy was charted in a roadmap for 2030 designed in three phases: short-term base build-up phase (20102013), mid-term take-off phase (20142019) and long-term settlement phase (20202030). Each phase covers seven categories, and a total of 19 adaptation measures listed below: R&D breeding, production technology development, base technology development, resource management innovation and climate information system . Infrastructure management farmland management, agricultural water management and agricultural facility management . Economic means provision of grants. Legal and institutional improvement insurance system expansion, resource management system set-up and regional plans. Human resource training and education training, education and public relations. Monitoring assessment of adaptation and vulnerability. Technology and management applicable to farm households production technology management, soil management, water management and farm household finance management.

The Chinese governments agricultural countermeasures against climate change are largely divided into greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation.The mitigation strategies entail: Popularizing of low carbon-emitting, multi-harvesting rice varieties and half-drought type cultivation techniques; Adopting efficient irrigation methods and soil-specific fertilization techniques; Researching and developing high-quality ruminant breeding technology and stockbreeding management technologies; Strengthening the management of animal excrement, wastewater and solid wastes; Improving the efficiency of methane use; and controlling methane emissions.The Chinese governments agricultural Policy

GREEN TREASPOTATION

Sustainable transportrefers to the broad subject oftransportthat issustainablein the senses of social, environmental and climate impacts and the ability to, in the global scope, supply the source energy indefinitel.

WHAT IS GREEM TRANSPORT

USA- The 2007 revision of CAFE no longer exempts light trucks classified as SUVs or passenger vans (unless they exceed a 4.5 t gross vehicle weight rating), and the aim is to increase fleet efficiency to 35 mpg by 2020. For comparison, the 1913 Model T Ford, which was the worlds first mass-produced automobile, averaged 25 mpg. All new cars in New Zealand currently rate between 34 and 62 mpg. The EU corporate vehicle standard of 130 gCO2/km, to be achieved by 2012, is equivalent to 47 mpg (or 5 litres (l)/100 km) for a gasoline-fuelled car.Car fuel efficiency standards

Recent developments in eco-design in EuropeEco-design, which is often referred to as cradle-to-cradle design (C2C), is a policy tool aimed at improving the environmental performance of products throughout their lifecycle by introducing specific requirements in their design stage. Eco-design can take a variety of forms, such as guidelines, checklists, indicators and life-cycle assessment. While eco-labelling helps to disclose information on the products in order to assist consumers in making informed decisions, eco-design, in contrast, directly influences the way the product is designed, manufactured, packaged, transported, used and disposed.These groups of products under consideration include windows, steam boilers (less than 50MW), power cables, enterprises servers, storage and ancillary equipment, and smart appliances/meters. According to the working plan, these priority product groups are estimated to achieve energy savings of 1,157 TWh per year by 2030.

Green technology policy in MalaysiaIn Malaysia, green technology has been recognized as a driver for future economic growth, energy security, climate change mitigation and adaptation. In April 2009, the Malaysian prime minister proclaimed his vision of a Green Malaysia and demonstrated his commitment to climate change mitigation and energy security by escalating the advancement of green technology through the creation of the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water. The prime minister further enunciated his vision by developing Putrajaya and Cyberjava as pioneer townships in green technology that were to become a showcase for the development of other townships across the country.

National Policies for Green Technology in India

Increase energy efficiency by 20% points by 2016-2017. Estimated Rs.15 crore has been spent for green technology in India in 2011. New and Renewable Energy Plan,(2011-2017). Electricity Act, 2003. amended in 2004 and 2007. National Bio-fuel mission,2003.The Government of India approved the National Policy on Biofuels in December 2009.The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched on the 11th January, 2010. Through these provisions India aims to meet 20% of countries total requirement of energy from renewable sources by 2020.

Institutes/Agencies under the Ministry of new and renewable energy Government of India

Modi's annoucement of providing power to all by 2022, Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar said that the power will come from clean energy sources like solar and wind energy and all this will reflect in the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). India is likely to announce its INDCs soon.September 23, 2015.

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Green technologies are an approach towards saving earth and are necessary if we want to live on earth beyond two centuries.

Green technologies offer a way out of destruction.

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THANK YOU .