Group 1 Legal Research on Hazing

8/17/2019 Group 1 Legal Research on Hazing

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IN THE NAME OF BROTHERHOOD:

SHOULD HAZING AS A REQUIREMENT FOR

ADMISSION IN FRATERNITIES BE REGULATEDOR BANNED BY LAW?

A research paper on FRATERNITYRELATED !"o#ence an$ HAZING "n%he &h"#"pp"nes "n %he 'o$ern %"'es

&repare$ ()*Group 1 o+Le,a# Research -#ass .n$er A%%)/ Les#"e Tar.c Orenc"aOc%o(er0 1231

E$"%ors 4 -on%r"(.%ors*

Ronald Budomo

Luis Carmelo Caparas

Wranudo Feli!

Al"in Fernande#

S.r!e)ors 4 -on%r"(.%ors*

Neri#a Balmores

Benn$ Ramos

Bea Tris%a &illa

Repor%ers 4 -on%r"(.%ors*

'e(erson Dun)a 'enina Ga*riel

+er,e-o .olis 'r


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IN THE NAME OF BROTHERHOOD*

SHOULD HAZING AS A REQUIREMENT FOR

ADMISSION IN FRATERNITIES BE REGULATEDOR BANNED BY LAW?


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CONTENT.

I/ In%ro$.c%"onII/ An O!er!"e5 on The -oncep% o+ Ha6"n, an$ Fra%ern"%"es

H"s%or) o+ Ha6"n, an$ Fra%ern"%"es "n %he &h"#"pp"nesFra%ern"%) $e7ne$Fra%ern"%) 8"o#ence

III/ Fra%ern"%) Ha6"n, Dea%hs* The -h"##"n, S%a%"s%"cs

Sensa%"ona# -ases

I8/ The Re!"se$ &ena# -o$e o+ %he &h"#"pp"nes an$ RA 92:;

Does %he La5 O


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I/INTROD0CTION

In %he na'e o+ Bro%herhoo$/

Wh) %he %"%#e? O(!"o.s#)0 %h"s "s ho5 5e as a ,ro.p 5o.#$ #"=e %o $ep"c%

%he sa$ an$ $"s%ress"n, e!en%s o+ neoph)%e $ea%hs "n +ra%ern"%"es an$ ho5

%he S%a%e %hro.,h "%s #a5s an$ s%a%.%es reac% %o p.% a s%op "+ no% pre!en%

s.ch/

Ha$ %here no% (een a Tar#a>.eno 5ho 'a$e na%"ona# hea$#"nes recen%#)

a#(e"% on a ra%her sa$$en"n, +ash"on "n %he na'e o+ Marc An$re" Marcos0

%he #oca#s o+ %h"s >."e% an$ peace+.# pro!"nce "n -en%ra# L.6on 5o.#$ no%

ha!e co'e %o %er's 5"%h %he rea#"%) o+ +ra%ern"%"es an$ 5ha% +ra%ern"%)

ha6"n, "s REALLY a## a(o.%/

In %he a+%er'a%h o+ %he ha6"n, $ea%h o+ Marc An$re" Marcos0 %he peop#e

%hro.,h %he 'ass 'e$"a e#"c"%e$ a cacophon) o+ op"n"ons on %he 'a%%er/

So'e s.,,es%e$ %he =nee er= reac%"on o+ a -o-al *an o, ,ra-erni-ies "n

schoo#s an$ .n"!ers"%"es 5h"#e so'e are o+ %he op"n"on %ha% %here sho.#$

(e a 'ore %horo.,h re"ie o, e!is-in) las and s-a-u-es on

,ra-erni-$ %a#in)/

As s%.$en%s o+ #a5 an$ hope+.##) +.%.re 'e'(ers o+ %he #e,a# pro+ess"on0

5e ha!e co'e %o a co##ec%"!e conc#.s"on @5h"ch 5e "n%en$ %o re!ea# a% %he

en$ o+ %h"s paper %ha%0 as +ar as 5e =no50 "s a#so reec%"!e o+ %he op"n"on

o+ %he a!era,e C.an De#a -r.6 "n %hese 'o$ern %"'es/

Th"s #e,a# research4s%.$) .n$er5en% %he process o+ 7n$"n, #a5s0 r.#es an$

re,.#a%"ons %ha% ,o!ern %he con$.c% o+ +ra%ern"%"es/ I% "n!o#!e$ #oca%"n,

(o%h %he #a5s an$ r.#es 5h"ch are en+orce$ () %he S%a%e an$ %he

co''en%ar"es 5h"ch ep#a"n or ana#)6e %hese r.#es/

As an) #e,a# research4s%.$) +or %ha% 'a%%er0 %h"s paper 5o.#$ a#so (e an

"n!es%",a%"!e %oo# +or "n+or'a%"on necessar) %o s.ppor% #e,a# $ec"s"on

'a="n, "n %he #",h% o+ %he r"se o+ +ra%ern"%) ha6"n, $ea%hs/


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I%s @%he papers pr"'ar) po"n% "s %o ans5er %he >.es%"on* .%ould %a#in)

as a re2uiremen- ,or admission in ,ra-erni-ies *e re)ula-ed or

*anned *$ la3

II/ An O"er"ie on -%e Conep- o, Fra-erni-ies and Ha#in) in -%e+%ilippines

A s%.$) 'a$e "n 1221 () a ,ro.p o+ As"an scho#ars on !"o#ence "n&h"#"pp"ne Un"!ers"%"es an$ ca'p.ses es%"'a%es %ha% %here "s a% #eas% one

+ra%ern"%) 'e'(er +or e!er) %en 'a#e s%.$en%s3/ Th"s "s a s%a,,er"n, 7,.re

(eca.se no% on#) $oes %h"s 'ean %ha% o"n"n, +ra%ern"%"es "s a pop.#ar

ac%"!"%) $one () co##e,e s%.$en%s (.% 'ore "'por%an%#)0 "% crea%es %he

"'press"on %ha% %he soc"e%) "n ,enera# %o#era%es co##e,e s%.$en%s o"n"n,

+ra%ern"%"es/

A Fra%ern"%) "s $e7ne$ ,enera##) "n %he We(s%erMer"a' $"c%"onar) as a

,ro.p o+ peop#e a ,ro.p o+ peop#e assoc"a%e$ or +or'a##) or,an"6e$ +or a

co''on p.rpose0 "n%eres%0 or p#eas.re/

For co##e,e s%.$en%s0 "% "s a (ro%herhoo$0 as %he) .s.a##) re+er %o "% a

,ro.p o+ peop#e "ns"$e %he ca'p.s +or'a##) or,an"6e$ +or a co''on

p.rpose0 "n%eres%0 or p#eas.re/ For 'e'(ers0 +ra%ern"%"es are assoc"a%e$

5"%h %he 5or$s (ro%herhoo$0 .n"%)0 +r"en$sh"p0 %r.s% an$ accep%ance/ The

eper"ence o+ (eco'"n, a 'e'(er o+ a +ra%ern"%) a#so 'eans %o %he'0

'ee%"n, ne5 peop#e0 shar"n, "n%eres%s an$ accep%"n, o%hers as 5e##/

Beco'"n, a 'e'(er he#ps "n (."#$"n, con7$ence an$ charac%er (eca.se

%he) (e#"e!e %ha% a +ra%ern"%) ,"!es a cer%a"n ="n$ o+ pro%ec%"on/ Moreo!er0

3 -/ S.=sa"0 WHOSE SECURITY COUNTS?”, December, 2003, page 13


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"% ,"!es %he' a cer%a"n +ee#"n, o+ sec.r"%) an$ "'por%ance 5h"#e p.rs."n,

%he"r co##e,e e$.ca%"on/

HISTORY OF HAZING AND FRATERNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES2

Fra%ern"%"es "n ,enera#

In %he &h"#"pp"nes0 Span"ar$s an$ o%her co#on"6ers es%a(#"she$ se!era#

&h"#osoph"ca# an$ Fra%erna# Soc"e%"es "n o.r co.n%r) as ear#) as %he 392s

(.% %hese chap%ers on#) a$'"%%e$ Span"ar$s or %he"r o5n race an$ $"$ no%

5e#co'e %he na%"!es @F"#"p"nos/ Accor$"n, %o %he (oo=0 H"s%or) an$

Geo,raph) o+ %he &h"#"pp"ne Is#an$s0 +ra%ern"%"es p#a)e$ an "'por%an% par%

"n #e%%"n, %he F"#"p"nos rea#"6e %he "n.s%"ce prac%"ce$ .pon %he' () %he

co#on"6ers/ The (oo= 'en%"one$ %ha% %he Fra%ern"%) o+ O$$ Fe##o5s sprea$"n %he &h"#"pp"nes "n 39J1/ The Free'ason +ra%ern"%) +o##o5e$ "n 39JJ

(ro.,h% () %he A'er"cans/ The #o$,es @chap%ers are a#so es%a(#"she$

'os%#) () '"#"%ar) 'en ass",ne$ "n Man"#a/ Mos% 'e'(ers 5ere (as"ca##)

A'er"can M"#"%ar) 'en an$ %he"r a##"es 5ho he#pe$ +o.,h% %he Span"sh

A'er"can 5ar/ The +ra%ern"%) es%a(#"she$ %he"r #o$,es @chap%ers an$ he#$

%he"r 'ee%"n,s "n na!a# an$ '"#"%ar) ca'ps/

The 7rs% (ro%herhoo$ %o (e +o.n$e$ () F"#"p"nos "s %he Ka%"p.nan0 shor% +or

Ka%aas%aasan, Ka,a#an,a#an,an, Ka%"p.nan n, ',a Ana= n, Ba)an

@S.pre'e an$ 8enera(#e Soc"e%) o+ %he Sons o+ %he &eop#e0 5h"ch 5as

+o.n$e$ () an%"Span"sh F"#"p"nos "n Man"#a "n 39;1/ The pr"'ar) a"' o+

%he +ra%ern"%) 5as %o ,a"n "n$epen$ence +ro' Spa"n %hro.,h re!o#.%"on/ As

'an) o+ .s =no50 %he (ro%herhoo$ a#rea$) $"s(an$e$/

In 39;;0 %he %"es (e%5een F"#"p"no an$ A'er"cans 5ere $"sr.p%e$ an$ %he

F"#"p"noA'er"can 5ar e'er,e$/ When %h"s 5ar en$e$ "n 3;210 +ra%ern"%"es

s%are$ %o r"se a,a"n/ O$$ Fe##o5s0 Free'asons an$ e!en %he E#=s

es%a(#"she$ #o$,es "n Man"#a area/

Schoo#(ase$ Fra%ern"%"es*

1 h%%p*445"="/ans5ers/co'4Q4Ho5$"$%he+ra%ern"%"es"n%he&h"#"pp"ness%ar%


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La%er0 co##e,e +ra%ern"%"es (e,an %o +or' espec"a##) 5hen A'er"can

E$.ca%"on @ph"#osoph) reache$ o.r shores/ S%a%e Un"!ers"%"es 5ere %he

7rs% %o eno) Fra%ern"%) L"+e0 par%"c.#ar#) "n %he Un"!ers"%) o+ %he

&h"#"pp"nes0 5hen %he 7rs% -o##e,e Fra%ern"%) R"6a# -en%er0 a (ro%herhoo$

o+ Cose R"6a# +o##o5ers an$ 5ho !"e5e$ %he hero "n "con"c +ash"on0 5as+o.n$e$ @Th"s +ra%ern"%) "s a#rea$) $e+.nc%/ The 7rs% F"#"p"no Gree= Le%%er

Fra%ern"%)0 Ups"#on S",'a &h"0 5as +o.n$e$ "n 3;39/ Th"s +ra%ern"%) "s no5

cons"$ere$ %he o#$es% "n As"a an$ con%"n.es %o e"s% .p .n%"# %o$a) (.%

'e'(ersh"p "s ec#.s"!e on#) %o U& D"##"'an an$ U& Los Banos s%.$en%s/

The o#$es% soror"%) "n %he &h"#"pp"nes "s %he U& S",'a Be%a Soror"%)

+o.n$e$ on Fe(r.ar) 3:0 3;1/ Me'(ersh"p "s ec#.s"!e on#) %o U&

D"##"'an0 U& Los Banos0 U& I#o"#o an$ U& Da!ao s%.$en%s/

The pro,ress o+ +ra%ern"%"es 5as a,a"n "n%err.p%e$ 5hen Capan occ.p"e$

%he &h"#"pp"nes "n 3;:3/ When %he F"#"p"noA'er"canCapanese 5ar en$e$

"n 3;::0 &h"#"pp"ne +ra%ern"%"es s%ar%e$ %o r"se .p a,a"n an$ 'an) F"#"p"nos

s%ar%e$ se%%"n, .p %he"r o5n +ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es/

The pea= o+ +ra%erna#"s' "n %he &h"#"pp"nes 5as pro(a(#) "n %he 3;2s %o

3;;2s 5hen 'an) +ra%ern"%"es 5here +o.n$e$/ Se!era# A'er"can

+ra%ern"%"es 5ere a#so "'por%e$ %o %he co.n%r) s.ch as %he A#pha &h"

O'e,a0 A#pha S",'a &h"/ A#so0 so'e #oca##) +o.n$e$ +ra%ern"%"es 'a$ea##"es 5"%h so'e +ra%ern"%"es "n %he Un"%e$ S%a%es/

A person .s.a##) o"ns a +ra%ern"%) %o (e reco,n"6e$ an$ (e a par% o+

so'e%h"n,/ The "$ea o+ ha!"n, a (.$$) ,"!es a +ee#"n, o+ con7$ence an$

sec.r"%)/ In %he &h"#"pp"nes0 'os% o+ %hose 5ho o"n +ra%ern"%"es are '"$$#e

c#ass s%.$en%s see="n, pro%ec%"on/ O%hers are s%.$en%s 5ho co'e +ro' %he

pro!"nces an$ see= o.% +ra%ern"%"es %ha% ,ro.p %he' a'on, e%hn"c or

re,"ona# #"nes/ So'e @#"=e "n .n"!ers"%"es o"n as %o (e par% o+ an e#"%e

,ro.p o+ a par%"c.#ar $epar%'en%0 $"!"s"on0 an$4or co.rse o+ s%.$)/

In"%"a%"on "n%o a +ra%ern"%)

Be+ore one can o"n a cer%a"n +ra%ern"%)0 he '.s% .n$er,o a ser"es o+ %as=s

appro!e$ () %ha% cer%a"n ,ro.p/ These %as=s %es% ones "n%e,r"%) an$

h%%p*44en/5"="p"#"p"nas/or,4"n$e/php?%"%#eFra%ern"%"es"n%he&h"#"pp"nes

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fraternities_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fraternities_in_the_Philippines


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en$.rance %o pro!e h"s $e%er'"na%"on %o (e a 'e'(er/ The process "s

ca##e$ INITIATION/ Us.a##) %hese "n"%"a%"ons are ph)s"ca# an$ 'en%a#

prac%"ces/ In %he &h"#"pp"nes0 "n"%"a%"on "s +re>.en%#) !"o#en% an$ 'en%a##)

$e,ra$"n,/ So'e a#so sa) "% "nc#.$es so'e ero%"c e#e'en%/

Beca.se o+ %he cer%a"n $e,ree o+ !"o#ence "n!o#!e$ "n "n"%"a%"on r"%es0 %he

process soon (eca'e s)non)'o.s 5"%h HAZING/

WHAT IS HAZING?

Ha6"n, 'eans "n"c%"on o+ .nnecessar) or ecess"!e 5or= "n or$er %o

harass0 an a%%e'p% %o e'(arrass or $"sconcer% () r"$"c.#e or pers"s%en%

cr"%"c"s'0 or %he s.(ec%"n, @o+ a +resh'an or +ra%ern"%) p#e$,e %o

%rea%'en% "n%en$e$ %o p.% "n r"$"c.#o.s or $"sconcer%"n, pos"%"on/ C.s% "%s'ean"n, a#rea$) ,"!es a ne,a%"!e conno%a%"on on %he proce$.re o+

"n"%"a%"on o+ a +ra%ern"%)/ Ho5e!er0 'e'(ers 5ho ,"!e %h"s r"%.a# %o a

neoph)%e $e+en$s %ha% "% "s %hro.,h ha6"n, 5here one can pro!e ones

en$.rance an$ %h.s ach"e!es #o)a#%) %o %he ,ro.p/

So'e co''on +or's o+ Ha6"n,

&a$$#"n, so'e%"'es o!er a #ap0 a =nee0 (.% 'os%#) a% %he (ac= o+

%he %h",h or on %he (are (.%%oc= S#app"n, s#app"n, o+ %he +ace

Te$"o.s -#ean"n, c#ean"n, o+ %o"#e% (o5#0 e%c/

We"r$ -#o%h"n, an "nco'"n, 'e'(er 5"## (e as=e$ %o 5ear a !er)

+.nn) or 5e"r$ cos%.'e %ha% 5o.#$ "'pose a ne,a%"!e e


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Accor$"n, %o a 1221 s%.$) on Fra%ern"%) !"o#ence () 5r"%er0 Ra)'.n$

Nara,:0 @Ar'e$ 8"o#ence can (e*

@" "n%ra+ra%ern"%) "nc#.$"n, ha6"n, an$ "n"%"a%"on

@"" "n%er+ra%ern"%) s.ch as con"c%s (e%5een +ra%ern"%"es an$

@""" (e%5een +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers an$ non+ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers/

Mr/ Nara,s research 5en% on %o re!ea# a n.'(er o+ ca.ses o+ +ra%ern"%)

!"o#ence/ Fra%ern"%) 'e'(ers0 "n %he"r !"o#en% na%.re carr) 5"%h %he'

"ns%r.'en%s o+ 5ar @,.ns0 $a,,ers0 e%c e!en %o schoo#0 'a"n#) %o pro%ec%

%he'se#!es +ro' %he"r so ca##e$ ene'"esP/ Weapons (ro.,h% can (e .se$

%o %hrea%en ene'"es0 an$ as a con7$ence (."#$"n, 'eas.re /

More ecerp%s "n %he sa'e paper* When as=e$ 5h) %he) 7,h%0

respon$en%s #"s%e$0 ran=e$ an$ pr"or"%"6e$ %he"r reasons/ These "nc#.$e$*

(on$"n,P @as par% o+ +ra%ern"%) "n"%"a%"on (a(aea,a5an @%he $e+ense o+

5o'en 5ho are accos%e$ %"%",an4 an,asa5a @%he echan,e o+ harsh

s%are a#a= @cons.'p%"on o+ a#coho# a h"s%or) or .nse%%#e$ score @5h"ch

"s ')%ho#o,"6e$ () +ra%ern"%"es recrea%"on $.,asan @%he+% an$

e#ec%"onre#a%e$ !"o#ence @pos%er $es%ro)"n, an$ !an$a#"s'/ B.% I% see's

%ha% %he 'os% co''on reason or 'o%"!e +or s.ch r.'(#es 5ere harsh

s%are an$ cons.'p%"on o+ a#coho#/

A#so re!ea#e$ 5ere a 5"$e ran,"n, assor%'en% o+ 5eapons .se$ "n

+ra%ern"%) !"o#ence/ T)pes o+ 5eapons ran,e$ +ro' (ase(a## (a%s an$

s5"%ch(#a$e =n"!es %o ,rena$es0 p"##(oes @"'pro!"se$ ep#os"!es

or","na%"n, +ro' an%"Marcos ac%"!"s%s0 (e#%s0 =n"!es an$ "ce p"c=s/ Tho.,h

#ess co''on#) .se$0 han$,.ns 5ere a#so 5"$e#) a!a"#a(#e0 5"%h %he 'os%

: -/ S.=sa"0 WHOSE SECURITY COUNTS?”, December, 2003, page 14

-/ S.=sa"0 WHOSE SECURITY COUNTS?”, December 2003, pa,e 3

I("$0 page 16


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pop.#ar 'o$e#s "nc#.$"n, %he Senor"%a @/110 %he S.'pac @/90 /: an$

%he -o#% @/JJ/

8"o#ence res.#%"n, +ro' r"o%s "n!o#!"n, +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers "s co''on/ B.%

so "s ha6"n,/

In an ar%"c#e () a F"#"p"no0 Mr/ Ra)'.n$ Nara, en%"%#e$ The Bro%herhoo$0

he sa"$ %ha% %he +ra%ern"%) s)s%e' has (eco'e a (", (#ac= ho#e %ha%

s.c=s %hese )o.n, pro'"s"n, 'en %o %he"r ,ra!es/ The +ra%ern"%) as an

"ns%"%.%"on0 $esp"%e "%s no(#e an$ #o+%) "$ea#s0 has $e,enera%e$ "n%o

(eco'"n, a (ar(ar"c ,an,/ In%erna##)0 "%s or,an"6a%"ona# s%r.c%.re has

(eco'e so h"erarch"ca##) +e.$a#0 5"%h %he hea$ (eco'"n, %he #a5 an$ %he

'e'(ers #os"n, %he"r "n$"!"$.a#"%)/ E%erna##)0 "% has "'("(e$ %he c.#%.re o+

%he %r"(es'en an$ %rea%s o%her %r"(es as an .n+or,"!a(#e ene')9

/

More ecerp%s* The see$s o+ !"o#ence are so5n "n%o %he hear% o+ a +ra%

'an %he 'o'en% he en%ers %he +ra%ern"%)/ The r"%es o+ passa,e re>."re$

(e+ore an app#"can% can (e cons"$ere$ a (ro%her "s a r"%.a# rep#e%e 5"%h

ph)s"ca# an$ ps)cho#o,"ca# !"o#ence/ B) %es%"n, %he 'e%%#e %hro.,h pa"n

an$ h.'"#"a%"on0 %he ne5 'e'(ers are "n$.c%e$ %o (eco'e (#oo$

(ro%hers/

The ph)s"ca# !"o#ence "'p"n,e$ on +ra% 'e'(er $.r"n, "n"%"a%"ons

(eco'es %he ra%"ona# +or %he accep%a("#"%) o+ %he o%her +or's o+ !"o#ence/

The 'e'(ers accep% %he !"o#ence as a nor'a# prac%"ce/

Nara, a#so $"sc.sse$ %he -o$e o+ S"#ence a'on, +ra% 'e'(ers %ha% 'a=es

$"c.#% 'a="n, acco.n%a(#e %hose respons"(#e +or %he $ea%h o+ %hese

)o.n, 'en $.e %o ha6"n,/

The +ra%ern"%"es anchor %he"r s%ren,%h on secrec)/ L"=e %he S"c"#"an co$e o+ O!er%a0 +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers are (o.n$ %o =eep %he secre%s +ro' %he non

'e'(ers/ The) ha!e co$es an$ s)'(o#s %he +ra% 'e'(ers a#one can

J I("$

9 R/ Nara,0 Ins"$e %he (ro%herhoo$* Tho.,h%s on Fra%ern"%) 8"o#enceP0 Dece'(er 122;0 pa,e

3


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12/34

III/ FRATERNIT4 HA6ING DEATH.:THE CHILLING .TATI.TIC.

A'on, %he co.n%#ess !"c%"'s o+ (r.%a# an$ sense#ess $ea%hs () +ra%ern"%)

ha6"n, "n co##e,es an$ .n"!ers"%"es "n o.r co.n%r) are as +o##o5s32*

Gon6a#o Mar"ano A#(er% o+ Ups"#on S",'a &h" "n 3;: Fer$"nan$ Ta(%a( o+ A#pha &h" O'e,a "n 3;J

Me# Honasan o+ Be%a S",'a "n 3;J

Ar(e# L"5a, o+ Be%a S",'a "n 3;9:

Lenn) 8"##a o+ A>."#a Le,"s "n 3;;3

Cose#"%o Hernan$e6 o+ Sc"n%"##a C.r"s "n 3;;1

Mar= Ro#an$ Mar%"n o+ Eps"#on -h" "n 3;;

A#ean$er M",.e# Icas"ano o+ A#pha &h" Be%a "n 3;;9

N"o -a#"nao o+ A#pha S",'a Rho +ra%ern"%)0 3;;;

E$5ar$ Do'"n,o

Ra+ae# A#(ano III

Mar#on 8"##an.e!a o+ A#pha &h" O'e,a "n 122

-r"s An%hon) Men$e6 o+ S",'a Rho "n 122J

Can An,e#o Do##e%e o+ A#pha &h" O'e,a "n 122J

-hes%er &a.#o A(rac"as o+ Ta. Ga''a &h" "n 1229

Cohn Dan"e# L/ Sa'para$a o+ Ta. Ga''a &h" "n 122;

E#!"s S"na#.an o+ Sco.% Ro)a# Bro%herhoo$ "n 122;

Noe# Bora o+ Ta. Ga''a &h" "n 1232 EC Kar# In%"a o+ A#pha &h" O'e,a "n 1232

Dan"e# Loren6 Cac"n%o "n 1232

Rone# $e G.6'an o+ Ta. Ga''a &h" "n 1233

32 h%%p*44o#ope6/(#o,spo%/co'41231223arch"!e/h%'#

http://oj-lopez.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.htmlhttp://oj-lopez.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.htmlhttp://oj-lopez.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.html


13/34

Nor S"#on,an o+ Ta. Ga''a &h" "n 1233

Mar!"n Re,#os0 Fe(0 1231

Marc An$re" Marcos0 A.,/1 0 1231 San Be$a -o##e,e

These !"c%"'s on#) represen% a s'a## n.'(er o+ cases o+ +ra%ern"%) ha6"n,re#a%e$ $ea%hs occ.rr"n, "n recen% %"'es/ There are s%"## 'an) o%her

.nrepor%e$ "nc"$en%s res.#%"n, %o e"%her ser"o.s ph)s"ca# "n.r"es or e!en

$ea%h0 5"%h 'an) "nc"$en%s "n!o#!"n, o.%o+schoo# )o.%h "n co''.n"%"es/

A'on, %he 'an) 5ho #os% %he"r #"!es $.e %o +ra%ern"%) ha6"n,0 %he a(o!e c"%e$

%5en%) +o.r )o.n, 'en 5ho a% %he"r pr"'e $"e$ "n %he na'e o+ (ro%herhoo$0

a## %a"e $e- -o a--ain 7us-ie ,or -%eir dea-%s/

To p.% %he a+oresa"$ concern "n %he proper perspec%"!e0 "% "s necessar) %o

re!"e5 an$ %o (e ,."$e$ () %he procee$"n, ,."$epos%s/

I&/ T%e Re"ised +enal Code o, -%e

+%ilippines and RA 89;

Does -%e la o(er REAL pro-e-ion3

There "s no >.es%"on %ha% %hose respons"(#e +or %he cr"'e o+ ha6"n, $ea%hs

sho.#$ (e p.n"she$ an$ %he +oc.s sho.#$ (e %he pre!en%"on o+ s.ch $ea%hs

%hro.,h %he enac%'en% o+ #a5s "+ %here "s no #a5 )e% %o ser!e %he p.rpose or

"%s a'en$'en% "n case "% #ac=s %he proper pena# p.n"sh'en% %o $e%er

"n+rac%"ons o+ %he s%a%.%e/

The Re!"se$ &ena# -o$e "s (ase$ on %he pr"nc"p#es o+ %he o#$ or c#ass"ca#schoo# 5here %he (as"s o+ cr"'"na# #"a("#"%) "s h.'an +ree 5"## an$ %he

p.rpose o+ %he pena#%) "s re%r"(.%"on/P As pa%%erne$ "n %he c#ass"ca# %heor)0

'an "s essen%"a##) a 'ora# crea%.re 5"%h an a(so#.%e +ree 5"## %o choose


14/34

(e%5een ,oo$ an$ e!"#0 %here() p#ac"n, 'ore s%ress .pon %he e."#a Le,"s C.r"s

+ra%ern"%) he 5"shes %o o"n/ I% "s a con7r'a%"on o+ %he c#ass"ca# %heor) o+

-r"'"na# La50 %ha% %he 'eas.re @RA 92:; has en$ea!ore$ %o es%a(#"sh a

$"rec% propor%"on (e%5een %he cr"'e an$ %he pena#%)/ RA 92:; or %he An%"

Ha6"n, La5 "'poses %he ma!imum penal-$ o, relusion perpe-ua i,

dea-% resul-s ,rom -%e %a#in) or ini-ia-ion ri-es/

Recen%#)0 a+%er %5en%) one )ears a+%er h"s $ea%h0 %he S.pre'e -o.r% has

ar'e$ %he con!"c%"on o+ 7!e A>."#a Le,"s C.r"s +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers/ A %o%a#

o+ +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers "n"%"a##) "nc#.$e$ "n %he char,e shee% an$ an "n"%"a#

(a%ch o+ 1 5ere +o.n$ ,."#%) o+ %he cr"'e o+ ho'"c"$e "n No!e'(er 3;; ()

-a#oocan C.$,e A$orac"on An,e#es/ N"ne%een o+ %he s.spec%s 5ere #a%er

ac>."%%e$ on appea# () %he -o.r% o+ Appea#s an$ %h"s 5as a#so ar'e$ ()

%he S.pre'e -o.r%3/

Ho5e!er0 %he Len" 8"##a case 5as no% %r"e$ .n$er RA 92:;0 s"nce %he #a5 5as

passe$ a+%er %he $ea%h o+ Len" 8"##a0 5here"n "% a,,ra!a%es %he cr"'e or

'a=es "% ,rea%er %han "% 5as0 5hen co''"%%e$/ App#)"n, RA 92:; %o %he 8"##a

case 5o.#$ 'a=e "% an e pos% +ac%o #a50 hence0 %he pro!"s"ons o+ %he Re!"se$

&ena# -o$e 5ere app#"e$/ The acc.se$ 5ere con!"c%e$ +or rec=#ess

33L."s B/ Re)es0 R&- Boo= 30 3J%h e$"%"on0 1229

31 h%%p*44555/#a5ph"#/ne%4s%a%.%es4repac%s4ra3;;4ra92:;3;;/h%'#

3 Jerome Aning, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Feb 2012


15/34

"'pr.$ence res.#%"n, %o ho'"c"$e +or %he pr"nc"pa#s an$ s#",h% ph)s"ca#

"n.r"es +or %he accessor"es/

Sena%or Gre,or"o B/ Honasan 5ho "s a#so a +ra%ern"%) 'e'(er an$ #"=e5"se

#os% h"s (ro%her Me# B/ Honasan "n a +ra%ern"%) ha6"n, "n 3;J co'pares+ra%ern"%"es as a '"crocos' o+ &h"#"pp"ne soc"e%)/ I %h"n= on %he 5ho#e0 "+ )o.

cons"$er +ra%ern"%"es as "ns%"%.%"ons 5"%h h"s%or"ca##) $escr"(e$ %ra$"%"ons0 %hen

I ,.ess +ra%ern"%"es are a#so a conse>.ence or a '"rror o+ %he ,o!ern'en% an$

%he soc"e%) "% ser!es0 .s% #"=e e!er)%h"n, e#se/ So "+ %here "s a(.se an$ peop#e

$"e0 "% 'eans peop#e con%"n.e %o $"e "n o.r soca##e$ $e'ocra%"c soc"e%)/ The

"$ea "s () (a#anc"n, "n%eres%s0 5e pro'o%e peace0 .n"%) an$ prosper"%)/

An)%h"n, %ha% $e%rac%s +ro' %ha% '.s% (e con$e'ne$ e"%her %hro.,h %heopera%"on o+ %he #a50 or () a con$e'na%"on () soc"e%) "%se#+0 Honassan

sa)s/3:

There "s a percep%"on %ha% %he p.rpose o+ %he #a5 "s %o pro'o%e .s%"ce/

Accor$"n, %o Bas%"a%0 %he p.rpose o+ #a5 "s %o pre!en% "n.s%"ce/ La5 "s a

ne,a%"!e concep% an$ no% a pos"%"!e concep%/ La5 "s %here %o pre!en% har'0

no% %o enco.ra,e or 'an$a%e ,oo$/ Here "s an ecerp% +ro' h"s (oo=0 The

La50 %ha% ep#a"ns %h"s asser%"on*

a! I" a Nega#$%e C&'cep#

T(e (arm)e""'e"" &* #(e m$""$&' per*&rme+ b )a! a'+ )a!*-)

+e*e'"e $" "e)*.e%$+e'#/ #(e -"e*-)'e"" $" &b%$&-"/ a'+ #(e

)eg$#$mac ca'' be +$"p-#e+

" a *r$e'+ &* m$'e &'ce remare+, #($" 'ega#$%e c&'cep# &* )a! $""& #r-e #(a# #(e "#a#eme'#, #(e p-rp&"e &* #(e )a! $" #& ca-"e

-"#$ce #& re$g', $" ' a r$g&r&-") acc-ra#e "#a#eme'# I# &-g(# #&

be "#a#e+ #(a# the purpose of the law is to pree!t i!"usti#e

fro$ rei%!i!% I' *ac#, $# $" $'-"#$ce, $'"#ea+ &* -"#$ce, #(a# (a"

3: h%%p*44ph/ne5s/)ahoo/co'4searchreco,n"%"on2J2112J2/h%'#


16/34

a' e$"#e'ce &* $#" &!' 5-"#$ce $" ac($e%e+ &') !(e' $'-"#$ce $"

ab"e'#1

B.%0 has RA 92:; or %he An%" Ha6"n, La5 pre"en-ed -%e in7us-ie o,

,ra-erni-$ %a#in) dea-%s se"eral $ears a,-er i-s ena-men-?

A c#oser #oo= "n%o RA 92:; "s nee$e$ %o ascer%a"n 5ha% "s #ac="n, "n %he

#a5/

RA 89;: T%e An-i5Ha#in) La1<

Rep.(#"c Ac% No/ 92:; or An Ac% Re,.#a%"n, Ha6"n, an$ O%her For's o+

In"%"a%"on R"%es "n Fra%ern"%"es0 Soror"%"es0 an$ O%her Or,an"6a%"ons an$

&ro!"$"n, &ena#%"es There+or 5as enac%e$ "n 3;; (eca.se o+ %he '.ch

p.(#"c"6e$ $ea%h o+ Len" 8"##a0 %hen a s%.$en% o+ %he A%eneo $e Man"#a

Un"!ers"%) Schoo# o+ La5/ I% "s co'pose$ o+ se!en sec%"ons0 co!er"n, %he

$e7n"%"on o+ ha6"n,0 po#"c) "'p#e'en%a%"on0 pena# pro!"s"ons0 separa("#"%)0

a'en$'en% an$ e."s"%e +or a$'"ss"on "n%o 'e'(ersh"p "n a +ra%ern"%)0 soror"%) or

or,an"6a%"on () p#ac"n, %he recr."%0 neoph)%e or app#"can% "n so'e

e'(arrass"n, or h.'"#"a%"n, s"%.a%"ons s.ch as +orc"n, h"' or her %o $o

'en"a#0 s"##)0 +oo#"sh an$ s"'"#ar %as=s or ac%"!"%"es or o%her5"se s.(ec%"n,

h"' or her %o ph)s"ca# or ps)cho#o,"ca# s.


17/34

5r"%%en no%"ce sha## "n$"ca%e %he per"o$ o+ "n"%"a%"on ac%"!"%"es an$ sha## "nc#.$e

%he na'es o+ %hose s.(ec%e$ %o s.ch ac%"!"%"es an$ sha## +.r%her con%a"n an

.n$er%a="n, %ha% no p%$sial "iolene *e emplo$ed () an)(o$) $.r"n,

s.ch "n"%"a%"on r"%es/ @.n$erscor"n, o.rs

On %he o%her han$0 Sec%"on s%"p.#a%es %he $.%"es o+ %he hea$ o+ schoo#s or

or,an"6a%"on %ha% %he) '.s% ass",n a% #eas% %5o @1 represen%a%"!es o+ %he

schoo# or or,an"6a%"on0 as %he case 'a)(e0 %o (e presen% $.r"n, %he "n"%"a%"on

an$ ens.re %ha% no ph)s"ca# har' o+ an) ="n$ sha## (e "n"c%e$ .pon a recr."%0

neoph)%e or app#"can%/

Sec%"on : en.'era%es %he pena#%"es an$ persons cr"'"na##) #"a(#e +or !"o#a%"on

o+ sa"$ #a5/

Sec%"on 0 an$ J are %he separa("#"%)0 a'en$'en% an$ e


18/34

+ra%ern"%) sha## (e a##o5e$ 5"%ho.% pr"or 5r"%%en no%"ce %o %he schoo#

a.%hor"%"es (e+ore %he con$.c% o+ s.ch "n"%"a%"on an$ %he presence o+ schoo#

a.%hor"%"es $.r"n, %he "n"%"a%"on or ha6"n, r"%es0 "% $oes no% ep#"c"%#) (an

ha6"n,/ Ho5e!er0 s.ccee$"n, pro!"s"ons a#so s%a%e %ha% no ph)s"ca# !"o#ence

(e e'p#o)e$ () an)(o$) $.r"n, s.ch "n"%"a%"on r"%es/

Fro' %hese0 5e co.#$ $e$.ce +ro' %he %"%#e a#one0 T%e An-i5Ha#in) La is

a re)ula-or$ measure %ere a omponen- o, i-s re)ula-or$ poers

is -%e ou-lain) o, "iolen- ,orms o, %a#in) or ini-ia-ion ri-es/

&I/ Findin)s

In o.r .n$ers%an$"n,0 su% inonsis-en$ "n o.r #a50 is a loop%ole %i%

pro"ides "iolen- %a#in) a-i"i-ies -o on-inue an$ cons%"%.%es a ,ra)

area 5he%her %h"s +or' o+ ha6"n, "s (anne$/

On %he o%her pro!"s"ons0 %he po#"c) "'p#e'en%a%"on pro!"$es an a'p#e sa+e%)

ne% 5h"ch pro!"$es s.per!"s"on o+ ha6"n, an$ "n"%"a%"on ac%"!"%"es () schoo#

a.%hor"%"es/ Moreo!er0 %he pena# pro!"s"ons ass",n s%"< pena#%"es +or

!"o#a%"ons ran,"n, +ro' pr"s"on correc%"ona# "n "%s 'a"'.' per"o$ .p %o %he

pena#%) o+ rec#.s"on perpe%.a espec"a##) "+ $ea%h res.#%s +ro' %he "n"%"a%"on or

ha6"n, r"%es/


19/34

Ha6"n, "n %he &h"#"pp"nes has (eco'e a soc"e%a# 'enace0 a $"sease %ha%

see's %o ha!e no c.re/ The Go!ern'en% has (een (ra,,"n, a(o.% "%s

acco'p#"sh'en% "n cr"'e pre!en%"on0 (.% has no% ,"!en $.e a%%en%"on %o %he

r"s"n, cases o+ $ea%h ca.se$ () ha6"n,/ We sho.#$ no% +or,e% %ha% ha6"n, "s a

cr"'e %ha% nee$s %o (e s%oppe$/ &eop#e 5ho pro'o%e an$ per+or' %h"s (r.%a#ac%"!"%) sho.#$ %a=e respons"("#"%) +or %he"r ac%"ons/

In a recen% &h"#"pp"ne Da"#) In>."rer co#.'n () Ma/ -eres Do)o0 she s%a%e$

%ha% !"o#en% ha6"n, ac%"!"%"es con%"n.e as a prac%"ce "n so'e +ra%ern"%"es

(eca.se +ra%ern"%) neoph)%es are no% +orce$ %o o"n/ Wh"#e "% "s %r.e %ha% "n

so'e #a5 +ra%ern"%"es 5here ha6"n, $ea%hs 7,.re$0 %he) pers.a$e$ recr."%s

%o o"n (eca.se o+ %he pro'"ses o+ (ro%herhoo$ #"n=s %ha% ,oes (e)on$

.n"!ers"%) an$ "n%o %he"r #e,a# an$ po#"%"ca# careers0 e!en a##e,e$#)"n.enc"n, %he"r $ec"s"onsVr",h% or 5ron,/P3J

Moreo!er0 she a#so ac=no5#e$,e$ %he +ac% %ha% a'on, !"o#en% +ra%ern"%)

ha6"n, s.r!"!ors0 ha$ an)one ca'e +or5ar$ %o sa) "% 5as a## 5ron, an$ %hen

se!ere$ %"es 5"%h %he soca##e$ (ro%herhoo$?P39 I% can (e "n+erre$ %ha% as

#on, as %he neoph)%e s.r!"!es %he !"o#en% "n"%"a%"on r"%es 5"%ho.% an)

per'anen% "n.r) or $ea%h %o h"'se#+0 %here "s no nee$ %o press char,es

a,a"ns% %he +ra%ern"%) or %o h"s +ra%ern"%) (ro$s (eca.se "n %he 7rs% p#ace0 he

has consen%e$ %o .n$er,o "n"%"a%"on/

Th"s "s %he sa$ +ac%0 (eca.se0 5ha% 5e are a## concerne$ a(o.% "s no% %he

!"o#en% ha6"n, prac%"ce per se (.% %he .naccep%a(#e res.#% o+ +ra%ern"%) ha6"n,

re#a%e$ per'anen% "n.r"es or $ea%hs/ The p.rpose o+ %he #a5 "s re%r"(.%"on +or

%hese/

I% "s a#so no%e5or%h) %o no%e %ha% %he Depar%'en% o+ E$.ca%"on has (anne$

+ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es "n pr"'ar) an$ secon$ar) schoo#s s"nce 3;;3/

17h%%p*44op"n"on/"n>."rer/ne%49:J4ha6"n,!"c%"'s5"##"n,!"c%"'s

39 "("$


20/34

Moreo!er0 so'e %er%"ar) schoo#s s"'p#) (anne$ +ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es .s%

#"=e %he case o+ San Be$a -o##e,e3;/

Th"s 'eas.re o+ (ann"n, +ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es +ro' schoo#s 5o.#$ on#)

p.sh %hese or,an"6a%"ons %o opera%e .n$er,ro.n$ an$ +ar a5a) +ro' %he e)eso+ %he schoo# a.%hor"%"es 'a="n, re,.#a%"on an$ "$en%"7ca%"on o+ %hose

respons"(#e +or s.ch !"o#en% ha6"n, ac%"!"%"es acco.n%a(#e/

T%e +erep-ion o, -%e General +u*li on Fra-erni-ies

A ,raph"ca# represen%a%"on has (een prepare$0 (ase$ on ,a%here$ $a%a +ro'

o.r s.r!e) %o +.r%her .n$ers%an$ %he percep%"on o+ %he ,enera# p.(#"c %o %he

pros an$ cons o+ a Fra%ern"%)/

A/ 0ni"ersi-$ sur"e$

Fi)ure 1/ In=uenes o, s-uden-s %o 7oined ,ra-erni-ies

In=uenes in 'oinin)

, >,re2uen$?

Fr"en$s :

3; h%%p*44555/es=5e#ahan/ne%4ne5s4?p32:

>.an%"%a%"!e an$ >.a#"%a%"!e ana#)s"s an$ ac%.a# s.r!e) con$.c%e$ Oc%0 1231


21/34

Fa'"#)'e'(ers4re#a%"!es O5n $ec"s"on ;

Fi)ure @/ Mos- pre"alen- reasons %$ s-uden-s 7oined -%e

,ra-erni-ies

Reasons ,or 'oinin)Ra-e o, response

Lea$ersh"p $e!e#op'en% ;

In=uenes ,or


22/34

Mee%"n, ne5 +r"en$s 9He#p"n, one ano%her JL"+e#on, (ro%herhoo$ JMora# !a#.e $e!e#op'en% I% #oo=s ,oo$ @as%",

Aca$e'"c ece##ence -onnec%"ons Be#"e+ "n %he sa'epr"nc"p#es E'p#o)'en% oppor%.n"%"es O%hers @ser!"ce0 e%c/ 1

Fi)ure / .-uden-s pre,erene re)ardin) %a#in) a-i"i-ies

.-uden-s s-and on%a#in)

+eren->?


23/34

Re,.#a%"on 1J/39

To%a# Era$"ca%"on J1/91


24/34

Fi)ure / .-uden-s reasons %$ %a#in) s%ould *e eradia-ed

Reasons ,or eradia-in)%a#in)

Response

No% "'por%an% 1

Increase "n $ea%h "nc"$en%s :2No% ,oo$ +or %he hea#%h 1 To a!o"$ pa"n 32No% (as"s o+ (ro%herhoo$ 3Dan,ero.s There are 'an) o%her 5a)s %opro!e #o)a#%) To enco.ra,e o%hers 5ho 5an% %o o"n 3


25/34

Fi)ure / Reasons %$ s-uden-s pre,er re)ula-ion o, %a#in)

a-i"i-ies as ompared -o i-s -o-al eradia-ion

W%$ re)ula-e onl$Responses

Tra$"%"on JRespons"(#e "n"%"a%"on "s sa+e 1 To ,e% e!en @para 'a=a(a5" 3


26/34

B/ Communi-$ .ur"e$

Fi)ure ou-5o,5s%ool? $ou-% ,or

7oinin) ,ra-erni-ies

In=uenes in 'oinin) Responses

Fr"en$s 2Fa'"#)'e'(ers4re#a%"!es 3


27/34

Fi)ure / Mos- pre"alen- reasons %$ -%e $ou-% 7oined -%e

,ra-erni-ies

Reasons ,or 7oinin)

Ra-e o, Response

I% #oo=s coo#@as%", 2-onnec%"ons 19L"+e#on,(ro%herhoo$ 1:


28/34

Fi)ure 8/ Reasons %$ mem*ers pre,er re)ula-ion ompared -o -o-al

eradia-ion o, %a#in) a-i"i-ies

W%$ re)ula-e onl$ Responses Tra$"%"on 2Respons"(#e "n"%"a%"on "ssa+e

11


29/34

&II/ Reommenda-ions

The ,ro.p p.%s +or5ar$ %he s%an$ -%a- %a#in) as a re2uiremen- ,or

admission in ,ra-erni-ies *e re)ula-ed *u- "iolen- ini-ia-ion a-i"i-ies

%i% in=i- p%$sial %arm or in7ur$ s%ould *e *anned/ As ear#"er

s%a%e$0 %he An%"Ha6"n, La5 pro!"$es a'p#e sa+e%) ne%s %o a!o"$ +ra%ern"%)

ha6"n, re#a%e$ $ea%hs/ I% on#) nee$s a separa%e sec%"on par%"c.#ar#) or

spec"7ca##) s%a%"n, %he (an o+ !"o#en% ha6"n, ac%"!"%"es 5h"ch "nc#.$e

s.(ec%"n, %he neoph)%e %o ph)s"ca# "n.r) s"nce %h"s "s %he 'a"n ca.se o+

n.'ero.s +ra%ern"%) ha6"n, +a%a#"%"es/ Th"s co.#$ (e "nc#.$e$ "n a +.%.re

a'en$'en% %o %he #a5/

The ,ro.p a#so %a=es co,n"6ance o+ %he S.pre'e -o.r% $ec"s"on 5r"%%en ()

%hen Assoc"a%e C.s%"ce no5 -h"e+ C.s%"ce Ma/ Lo.r$es Sereno "n %he Len" 8"##a

case 5here"n %he S.pre'e -o.r% reco''en$e$ %ha% -on,ress a'en$ %he

An%"Ha6"n, La5 +or poss"(#e cons"$era%"on o+ %he a'en$'en% %o "nc#.$e %he

+ac% o+ "n%o"ca%"on an$ %he presence o+ nonres"$en% a#.'n" +ra%ern"%)

'e'(ers $.r"n, ha6"n, as an a,,ra!a%"n, c"rc.'s%ances %ha% 5o.#$

"ncrease %he app#"ca(#e pena#%"es/ 12

L"=e5"se0 Sena%or Loren Le,ar$a proposes %o "nc#.$e co''.n"%) +ra%ern"%"es

an$ soror"%"es an$ %he ha6"n, ac%"!"%"es perpe%ra%e$ () '"#"%ar) an$ po#"ce

%ra"n"n, "ns%"%.%"ons "n %he 'an$a%e o+ RA 92:;/

The DEpE$ po#"c) +or schoo#s %o s"'p#) (an +ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es an$

o%her s%.$en% or,an"6a%"ons +or +ear o+ #e,a# acco.n%a("#"%) .pon !"o#a%"ons o+ RA 92:; sho.#$ (e re!o=e$/ Ins%ea$0 .pon a'en$'en% o+ %he #a5 ()

-on,ress0 an I'p#e'en%"n, R.#es an$ Re,.#a%"on re,ar$"n, %he s%r"c%

12 Cero'e An"n,0 &h"#/ Da"#) In>."rer0 Fe( 1231


30/34

"'p#e'en%a%"on o+ "%s pro!"s"ons sho.#$ "nc#.$e %he DepE$0 -HED0 an$ %he

DILG @+or co''.n"%) +ra%ern"%"es an$ soror"%"es as par% o+ %he "'p#e'en%ers/

There "s a nee$ %o +or -on,ress %o re!"s"% RA 92:;0 an$ a$$ress "ss.es %ha%

ha!e 'a$e "%s +.## "'p#e'en%a%"on $"c.#%/

To 'on"%or %he proper "'p#e'en%a%"on o+ %he An%"Ha6"n, La5 "n coor$"na%"on

5"%h %he eec.%"!e $epar%'en%s0 a pro!"s"on +or -%e rea-ion o, a

Con)ressional O"ersi)%- Commi--ee sho.#$ a#so (e "nc#.$e$/

A &RO&OSED #a5 "'pos"n, #"+e sen%enceP a,a"ns% oc"a#s an$ 'e'(ers o+

+ra%ern"%"es "n!o#!e$ "n ha6"n, r"%.a#s0 (.% ee'p%"n, po#"ce an$ '"#"%ar)

oc"a#s an$ personne# 5ho '",h% (e en,a,e$ "n s"'"#ar ac%s as par% o+ %he"r

s%an$ar$ opera%"n, proce$.re $.r"n, %ra"n"n,s has (een 7#e$ a% %he Ho.se o+

Represen%a%"!es/

Ba,on, Heneras)on par%)#"s% Rep/ Berna$e%%e HerreraD) 7#e$ Ho.se B"## No/

29: 5h"ch $ec#ares ha6"n, as cr"'"na# o


31/34

%hose pas% %ra,e$"es? There "s a nee$ %o %a=e a secon$ #oo= a% %he re,.#a%"on

on %hese +ra%ern"%"es0P she s%resse$/ @So.rce* Man"#a B.##e%"n Fe(r.ar) 1:0

1231

In ano%her s%a%e'en%0 Sena%e &res"$en% C.an &onceEnr"#e re"%era%e$ %ha%0We 5"## #oo= "n%o %he re!"s"on o+ %h"s #a5/ We 5"## "'pose s%r"c%er a$herence

%o cer%a"n s%eps %o (e %a=en (e+ore an) ha6"n, "s $one0P he sa"$/

Enr"#e0 a +or'er pres"$en% o+ %he &h"#"pp"ne -ons%"%.%"on Assoc"a%"on

@&h"#consa0 sa"$ he "s no% a,a"ns% %he crea%"on o+ +ra%ern"%"es or %he r",h% %o

(e a 'e'(er o+ an assoc"a%"on %ha% "s a cons%"%.%"ona# r",h% (.% %here "s a

#"'"% %o %hese %h"n,s/ The r",h%s o+ o%hers "n %he case o+ @Mar!"n Re,#os an$

@Mar= An$re" Marcos 5ere c"rc.'scr"(e$ (eca.se %he"r #"!es ha$ (een

+or+e"%e$ a% %he han$s o+ +ra%ern"%) 'e'(ers0 he a$$e$/

Enr"#e reca##e$ %ha% 5hen he o"ne$ %he U& +ra%ern"%)0 'e'(ers 'a$e h"' %o

=nee# a% %he I$ea# Thea%er on R"6a# A!en.e "n S%a/ -r.60 Man"#a %o (e, +or

a#'s0 or$ere$ %o ea% a c",are%%e0 an$ 5as 'a$e %o $r"n= so'e%h"n, 5hose

con%en%s he $"$ no% =no5/ B.% %here 5as no ph)s"ca# con%ac%/ There 5as a

s.per!"sor0 a sen"or 'e'(er o+ %he +ra%ern"%) %o s.per!"se %he ha6"n, %o

pre!en% an) "n.r"es %o %he peop#e (e"n, ha6e$0P he a$$e$/ 11

11 Man"#a B.##e%"n A.,.s% 30 1231


32/34

Conlusion

Base$ on a## %he +ore,o"n,0 'a) 5e conc#.$e %ha% -%e -es- o, ompe-in)

-%ou)%-s on -%is issue is a salu-ar$ endea"or -%a- is or-%

pursuin)0 no% on#) "n %he "n%eres% o+ %he cons%"%.%"ona##) 'an$a%e$ r",h% %o

(e a 'e'(er o+ an assoc"a%"on0 (.% a#so "n o.r ar$en% an$ con%"n."n,

$e+ense o+ %he r",h% %o #"+e %hro.,h %he pro%ec%"on o+ %he (r",h% (.% ,.##"(#eP

)o.n, peop#e +ro' %he (r.%a# an$ !"o#en% "n"%"a%"on r"%es o+ +ra%ern"%"es 5h"ch

co.#$ sen$ %he' %o %he"r $ea%hs or %o s.


33/34

&III/ Re,erenes

+u*lis%ed Resear%es:

-/ S.=sa"0 @122 Whose Sec.r"%) -o.n%s?P0 Research on

Fra%ern"%)re#a%e$ 8"o#enceNara,0 R/ @122; Ins"$e %he (ro%herhoo$* Tho.,h%s on

Fra%ern"%) 8"o#enceP0

+u*lis%ed Te!-*oo

L."s B/ Re)es0 R&- Boo= 30 3J%h e$"%"on0 1229

+u*lis%ed nepaper ar-iles

An"n,0 C/ @1231 &h"#"pp"ne Da"#) In>."rer

h%%p*44ph/ne5s/)ahoo/co'4searchreco,n"%"on

2J2112J2/h%'#

h%%p*44555/es=5e#ahan/ne%4ne5s4?p32:

Co.rna# On#"ne0 C.ne 130 1231

Man"#a B.##e%"n A.,.s% 30 1231

RA 89; Full -e!-

h%%p*44555/#a5ph"#/ne%4s%a%.%es4repac%s4ra3;;4ra92:;3;;

/h%'#

.oured ,rom -%e In-erne-


34/34

h%%p*44555/+a',.ar$"an/or,4S.(ec%s4La5An$Go!%4Ar%"c#es4&

.rposeO+La5/h%'

h%%p*44op"n"on/"n>."rer/ne%49:J4ha6"n,!"c%"'s5"##"n,

!"c%"'sh%%p*44o#ope6/(#o,spo%/co'41231223arch"!e/h%'#

h%%p*44en/5"="p"#"p"nas/or,4"n$e/php?

%"%#eFra%ern"%"es"n%he&h"#"pp"nes

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Group 1 Legal Research on Hazing

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