Group 6 Mycoplasma

8/6/2019 Group 6 Mycoplasma

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INTRODUCTION


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Mycoplasmosis

Caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M.

synoviae (as listed by OIE)

Previously classified underProtozoa

M. gallisepticum is the most pathogenic and

economically significant Infection associated with slowly progressive

chronic respiratory disease in chickens


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Transmission:

Primarily via horizontal transmission

Aer

osol Vertical transmission can also occur in eggs laid by

infected hen


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CLINICAL SIGNS

MG has a long, variable incubation period (6-21days)

The clinical signs are highly variable. The most severe clinicalsigns in young birds, between the ages of 4-8 weeks.

In chickens

no clinical signs ornasal discharge, coughing, rales, conjunctivitis, periorbital

edema, and eyelid edema

Other general signs include inappetence, weight loss, anda drop in egg production, depression.

Morbidity is usually high, but mortality is low unless in thepresence of concurrent infections (bacteria/virus) andenvironmental stress


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Depression

Ocular signs are frequently observed

Ie: conjunctivitis, periorbital swelling, and eyelidedema

Broiler breeder male with a swollen

face and cyanosis of the comb


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ISOLATION

The isolationandidentification

-performed byculturingswabscollectedfrom

the tracheaor sinuses.

Serologyisone ofthe easiestandaccurate

waystomonitor anddiagnose Mycoplasma.


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TYPE OF VACCINE:

LIVE VACCINE


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IMMUNE RESPONSES

Active immunization

Administer antigen so animal mounts a

protective immune

response

APC activated to stimulate T and B cells to

produce memory cells, helperT cells,

cytotoxic T cells


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LIVE VACCINE

Mild pathogenic F strains, Nonpathogenic

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Administration: ae

rosol

Stimulates IgA secretion to mount sterilizing

immunity to prevent infection.


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LIVE VACCINE

Advantages

Induce stronger CMI response (induce

interferon p

roduction)

Fewer inoculating doses required

Less chance of hypersensitivity

Adjuvants not necessaryCheaper


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LIVE VACCINE

Disadvantages

May revert to being virulent

Requires proper storage and handling toprevent killing the organism

Less stable and safe compared to kill


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APPLICATION OF LIVE VACCINE


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DVS suggestion


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LIVE VACCINE

F Vax-MG (Intervet)

F strain ofMycoplasma

gallisepticum mildpathogenic

Coarse spray technique

Age 9 weeks of age or older

No booster is required


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LIVE VACCINE

Nobilis MG 6/85 (Intervet )

MG 6/85 strain

ofMycoplasmagallisepticum

Spray technique

Age -six weeks of age orolder


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PRECAUTION

Should not be administered within 1 week beforeor after vaccination with other live vaccinerelated to respiratory diesease

Or within 3 days before to 7 days after treatmentwith oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline.

House ventilation system should be kept atminimum so that the vaccine will not be driftedaway


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TYPE OF VACCINE:

KILLED VACCINE

Commercial killed vaccine: bacterin with

oil emulsion (multilamellar positively

charged (MPC) liposomes)


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ADVANTAGES

Effective in protecting birds from disease (diseaseimmunity)

Reducing egg transmission (blocking immunity).

It also provides 90% protection against airsacculitisafter aerosol challenge (sterilizing immunity).

The numbers of mycoplasmas recovered fromtracheae of vaccinated chickens were significantly

less than those of non-immunized chickens.


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DISADVANTAGES

Requires multiple doses

Does not prevent the decrease in egg

production unde

rfield conditions.

Granulomatous lesions at the injected site,

usually the neck


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Adjuvants usedin Killed Vaccine

Adjuvants came from Latin word adjuvare

means to help

Adjuvants commonly use as substances toenhance the immunogenicity of vaccines

Example of adjuvant commonly used for

Mycoplasma vaccine called beta-

propiolactone-inactivated Mycoplasma

gallisepticum (MG) oil-emulsion bacterin.


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Oil emulsion adjuvants commonly called

Freunds adjuvants.

Fr

eunds adjuvants consist of complete andincomplete adjuvants.

Complete adjuvants consist of oil emulsion +

dried and inactivated bacteria

Incomplete adjuvants consist of oil emulsion +

lack or without bacteria.


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How oil emulsion adjuvants can help

the vaccines effects?


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AviPro 104MG Bacterin


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OTHER TYPES OF VACCINE


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RECOMBINANT VACCINE

Usesa harmlessmicrobe tointroduce DNA fromadisease-causingmicrobe tothe body.

The DNA tellsthe cellstomake the antigenmolecules

The antigenmoleculesaredisplayedonthe surface ofthe cellandstimulate theimmune system.


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Recombinant vaccine for Mycoplasma

gallisepticum

Produced by a US-based company

Uses recombinant fowl pox virus containing genes encoding MG genes

Used in chicken and turkey

No clinical signs

Protected from MG challenge

Product: Vectormune FP-MG


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ADDITIONAL CONTROL

MEASURES


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MYCOPLASMA-FREE FLOCKS

Vaccination alone is not enough.

Control measures should be taken intoconsiderations to ensure the successfulness

of the vaccination program.

Proper Vaccination program


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CONTROL MEASURES

1. Biosecurity

2. Depopulationofthe infectedflock

3. All-in-all-outsystem4. Antibioticapproach

Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline

5. Thorough premisescleaninganddisinfection6. Biosurveillance

Earlydetection : PCR technology


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CONCLUSION

In short, there are several types of vaccines

available to induce immunity in chicken

against Mycoplasmosis.

Precautions should be taken care of to ensure

the vaccination program is effective.


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THANK YOU


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http://www.immune.org.nz/?t=919

http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/V/

vaccine.html

http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio38/scuderi/partii.html

http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14

http://www.suite101.com/content/recombinant-vaccines-a222488

http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v9/n10/box/nrg2432_BX1.html

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Group 6 Mycoplasma

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