Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity

8/13/2019 Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity

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Inclusion &

IdentityGroup DynamicsPsyc 38

C. Sagarbarria


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How do people go from a

me to a we?Inclusion

When the individual becomes an insider - a member of the

group

Collectivism

When members think and act for the good of the group, and

not for themselves and what they can get out of the groupIdentity

When an individuals sense of identity changes and includes

qualities of the group as well


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FROM ISOLATION TO

INCLUSION

The Need to Belong

The dispositional tendency to seek out

and join with other humans

Humans have a pervasive drive to form atleast a minimum quantity of lasting,

positive, and impactful interpersonal

relationships


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The Pain of Exclusion

Belonging to a group satisfies our needto belong

BUT when we are isolated from

people or excluded from a group - it

can be upsetting


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Maximum

Exclusion

Active

Exclusion

Passive

ExclusionAmbivalence

Passive

Inclusion

Active

Inclusion

Maximum

Inclusion

Group rejectsor ostracizes

person

Group avoidsperson

Groupignoresperson

Group neitheraccepts nor

rejectsindividual

Groupallows

member tojoin

Groupwelcomes

member

Groupactivelyrecruitsmember

Rejection Acceptance

The Inclusion/Exclusion

Continuum


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Ostracism

Excluding one or

more individuals from

a group by reducingor eliminating contact

with the person,

usually by ignoring,shunning, or

explicitly banishing

them.!"#$# &'()*$+ ",-+../01-012#34-#$05#6.789:;?"@A.B@CDE=55=&F.GGGGGGGGHI


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Emotional effects of being ostracised include:

Frustration, anxiousness, nervousness,loneliness

Physiological effects include:

Elevated blood pressure and heart rate, and

erratic breathing

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/social-psychology-principles/section_04/d71acaa48cd342f37bce4740c48239b6.jpg
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/social-psychology-principles/section_04/d71acaa48cd342f37bce4740c48239b6.jpg


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CyberOstracism

Banishment or

exclusion in a virtual

environment such as

the Internet.

http://www.unc.edu/courses/2010spring/law/357c/001/Cyberbully/uploads/4/1/1/3/4113394/8244.jpg
http://www.unc.edu/courses/2010spring/law/357c/001/Cyberbully/uploads/4/1/1/3/4113394/8244.jpg


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5 Characteristic Stress

Responses

Freeze

Fight or Flight

Tend or Befriend


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FreezeA general shutdown in

behavioral and emotional

reactivity

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http://www.myshrink.com/images/caveman4.jpg


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Fight or Flight

The instinctive

physiological

response to a

threatening situation,

which readies one

either to resist forcibly

or to run away.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GRGtkxPJnlU/TU7Dvd_VUBI/AAAAAAAABMg/YoJ5X2EIq70/s1600/FightOrFlight.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GRGtkxPJnlU/TU7Dvd_VUBI/AAAAAAAABMg/YoJ5X2EIq70/s1600/FightOrFlight.jpg


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Tend and Befriend

(Tend) support and care for others, help thegroup in any way they can and become

cooperative

(Befriend) make new friends or strengthen

friendships


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SocioMeter Theory

A theory of self-esteem from an evolutionary

psychological perspective that proposes self-esteem

is a gauge (or sociometer) for interpersonal

relationships

Self-esteem is not the evaluation of your worthit

is an indicator of how well you are accepted into

social groups

The Herd Instinct

Humans are instinctively drawn to gather with other

humans


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FROM INDIVIDUALISM TO

COLLECTIVISMIndividualism

A tradition, ideology, or personal outlook that

emphasizes the primacy of the individual and his orher rights, independence, and relationships with

other individuals

Collectivism

A tradition, ideology, or personal orientation that

emphasizes the primacy of the group or community

rather than each individual


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Individualism and Collectivism

have different emphasis when it

comes to:

social relations,

social obligations,

and the social self


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Social Relations

Exchange and Communal Relations

Reciprocity - Equity Norm, Equality

Norm

Social Obligations - social contract


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Social Self

Personal vs. Social Identity

Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

Need for affiliation

Need for intimacy

Need for power


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FROM PERSONAL IDENTITY

TO SOCIAL IDENTITY

Social Identity TheorySimply states that a person will always favorthe group he or she belongs to as opposed to

other groups

based on 2 cognitive processes:

Social categorization

Social identification


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Categorization (Stereotypes) - a socially

shared set of cognitive generalizations

about characteristics of the typical

member of a particular group or social

category

Self-stereotyping

Social Identification - Involves the bonding

with and taking on the identity of the group


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Evaluating the Self in the

Group

Collective Self-Esteem

Identity and self-worth is tied to the

group

A persons self-concept that is basedon their relationships with other and

membership in social groups


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Protecting the Collective Self

In-group Out-group Bias

exaggerating the differences between groups - extolling the

virtue of their groups and antagonizing other groups

Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG)

stressing association with successful groups.

Social Creativity

People restrict comparisons to areas where the group is

strong and avoid areas where the group is weak


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Protecting the Personal Self

Stereotype Threat

Individuals will refuse to become connected and be

seen as a stereotype of the group stereotype threat

Individual Mobility

Individuals try to reduce connection to the group to

minimize stereotype threat

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Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity

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