Rajeev Thakur, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Inc.

SAE 2015 Active Safety Systems Symposium

Plymouth, MI ● November 5th , 2015

Growth of Infrared Opto Semiconductor

components in ADAS sensors – Factors

shaping automotive product and technology

roadmap for next five years

Light is OSRAM

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Presentation Outline

Page

1. OSRAM Overview 03

2 Detroit & Silicon Valley – Symbiotic growth 08

3. Automotive Safety Technology – Regulation - Business Opportunity Windows 09

4. LIDAR – Applications – Technology – Requirements - Roadmap 13

5. Infrared Camera – Applications – Technology – Requirements - Roadmap 19

6. Key Takeaways 22

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OSRAM – The world’s largest, pure play lighting

company

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Number of employees

33,800employees at the end of the fiscal year

Revenues

€ 5,142.1 million

Worldwide presence

>120countries where OSRAM had operations

at the end of the fiscal year

Fiscal year 2014 New OSRAM Headquarters, Munich, Germany

Source: OSRAM data

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Trendsetting and market leading products prove

OSRAM’s aspiration

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First commercial luminaire

"Early Future" in 2008

LED1) Trendsetter #1 in Automotive

R&D record for red and warm-

white LED efficiency

First company to fully switch to

6-inch wafer technology

First direct emitting green laser

diode

OLED3) Trendsetter

Record: 20 lm/W4) at 57%

transmission for transparent

large area OLEDs in Dec 2012

2016: OLEDs expected in

series production vehicles

#1 in Projection/Cinema

#2 in General Illumination

Innovator Market leader

#2 in Opto Semiconductor Comp.

#2 in Control Gears

1) Light emitting diode, 2) OSRAM blue thin film LED chip technology based on gallium nitride, 3) Organic light emitting diode , 4) Lumen per watt

Source: Frost & Sullivan – LED Revolution (July 2011), OSRAM estimates

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Presentation Outline

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Light is Motion

600 mHans Joachim Schwabe, CEO Of OSRAM Specialty Lighting

“We have evolved from a lamp manufacturer to a solutions provider for automobile manufacturers.“

Up to

-the range of the laser high beam offered in the BMW i8.

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Presentation Outline

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Light is Safety

90%of all information absorbed by motorists is visual.

LED-MatrixIntelligent headlights:oncoming vehicles are blinded out exactly from the light distribution thanks to sensors and special electronics.

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OSRAM Infrared & Laser Automotive Applications

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Existing Applications

Future Applications

Rain sensor

Tunnel sensor

Optical switches

Ambient light sensors

• Dashboard

• Car radio

• Displays

Immobilizer

IR key

Pre-crash system /

Autonomous Driving

Steering wheel

angle sensor

Camera based

pedestrian

protection

Laser head-up display

HUD Driver monitoring

Seat occupancy

detection

IR based night vision

Trunk opener /

Rear Safety

Blue Lasers

for headlamps

Gesture

Recognition

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Merging Lanes : Silicon Valley Car Detroit

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Silicon Valley

Numerous mature & startup companies

New innovative products - life cycle < 2 years

Short development cycles (< 1 year)

Malfunction / reboot OK

Fast to adapt to new technology

Less exposure to regulations & legal

4G & Gigabytes ..

Detroit

10 – 15 major mature companies

Safe and reliable cars - life cycle > 10 years

Long development cycles (4 – 7 years)

Malfunction / reboot Not OK

Slow to adapt to new technology

Very sensitive to regulations & legal

You can cut steel only so fast ..

Why can’t we get along …

We can leverage our strengths for mutual benefit with improved communication …

$

$

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Technology & ADAS Opportunity

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• Innovations are streaming in for ADAS / Autonomous – Connected Car

• Non-Safety / Convenience innovations growth often through aftermarket pull

• Safety critical Needs to prove value (for market pull) or regulation guidance

• Regulation guidelines / roadmap spur more innovations

• Early and open communication of roadmaps / requirements benefits all

Time

Introduction

Regulation Kicks in

Market Entry Cost

Revenue Potential

Market Price

Growth

Maturity

Decline

Standards established

Communicate roadmap as

early as possible

ADAS – Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

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Regulation – Technology – Business Windows

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Safety Technology have business windows – influenced by Regulation

1996 - 20061951 - 1991

Airbags – Invention to

Regulation

Airbags OCS

Airbags

• 1951: Patent – Hetrick

• 1967: 1st airbag to inflate <

30ms - Breed

• 1984: NHTSA Regulation for

automatic restraints (Airbags

or Automatic Seatbelts)

• 1991: End of Automatic

seatbelts (Airbags win)

Occupant Classification

Systems

• 1996: NPRM for manual

switch to turn off Pass. AB

• 2003: NHTSA Reg. for OCS

(Advanced AB or OCS)

• 2006: OCS for suppression

• 2011: Advanced AB enable

Low risk deployment (lower

cost OCS)

Automatic

Seatbelts

Business

Window

Suppression OCS

business window

Takeaways :

• Automotive safety technology & regulations take time to develop & mature (4 to 10 years)

• Sensing / Safety technology also have business windows (~ 6 years)

• NHTSA & Industry work together (Silicon Valley Comparatively new to this process)OCS – Occupant Classification System

NHTSA – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

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ADAS & Regulation

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NHTSA

Time (Years)

SAE/Industry Testing Protocols

Industry Testing Equipment

OEM System Requirements / Roadmap

Tier1 Sensing Technology & Roadmap

Tier2 Basic Technology / Key Components Roadmap

Comments NPRM Final Rule Phase-inNeed Identified

• 4 to 6 years needed to

introduce a standard

• Improve and open

communication of roadmap

and requirements

• Autonomous car regulation

could take over 10 years –

entering AI (Define how a

human will react – or 10

humans..)

• What defines a mature

technology and its value

proposition ?

NCAP Upgrade

AI – Artificial Intelligence

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Market Forces – ADAS

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• Euro NCAP

• Tests new cars and rates them with 1 – 5 stars to promote safety for consumers

• Represents Germany,UK,France,Italy,Netherlands,Sweden,Spain

• Made of government and consumer agencies (Not OEM)

• 2018: AEB for pedestrians and cyclists in daylight / darkness / poor lighting conditions 1

• 2015 – 2017 : Advanced rewards for driver state monitoring and other ADAS features

• OEMs who fit safety technology as standard are given more credit

• US NCAP

• Tests and rates new cars for safety. Run by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

• Planning to upgrade NCAP with crash avoidance technologies (CIB, DBS) 2

• OEMs ,suppliers and IIHS have indicated their support to this upgrade

• IIHS

• Rates vehicles crash worthiness & crash avoidance

• From 2014 top safety pick vehicles must have crash avoidance technology (Forward)

• Autonomous Car

• Google has ignited the industry with its self driving car demonstration and evolution

• Robust & cost effective technologies are needed enter mass market

• NHTSA plans to release roadmap for autonomous driving in 2016 3

1 – 2020 Roadmap European New Car Assessment Programme – June 2014

2 – Docket No. NHTSA -2015-0006

3 – NHTSA priority plan for vehicle safety and fuel economy 2015 - 2017

NCAP – New Car Assessment Programme

IIHS – Insurance Institute of Highway Safety

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What is the Specification ? (LIDAR Example)

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• System requirements drive component requirements

• System requirements not well defined in initial stage

• Application : Map environment / avoid collision

• Range : 100 – 400 m

• Range Accuracy : 2 – 10 cm

• FOV Horizontal : 24 to 360 degrees

• FOV Vertical : 6 to 20 degrees

• Angular Resolution : 0.3 – 30 degrees

• Operating conditions : -40 to 125 C

• Packaging / Mounting : Small / should not be noticeable/should be robust for

usage and service !

• SOP : 1 – 5 years

• Test Specifications/Regulation : Not available yet

• Price : $

• Takeaways..

• Manufacturers developing modular designs – meet high / low end of spec

• Roadmap from NHTSA/OEM/Tier1’s can speed up innovation efforts

FOV – Field of View

SOP – Start of Production

OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer

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RADAR / Camera / LIDAR Comparison

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Sensor Typical

Range

Azimuth

FOV

2015

Price Range

Typical

ApplicationsComments

24 GHz

RADAR60 m 1 56° 1 $80 - $100

Blind Spot Detection

Forward Collision Warning

USA Bandwidth 100 -250 MHz 2

Robust for Rain/snow

Concerns for People Detection / Angular Resolution

77 GHz

RADAR200 m 1 18° 1 $150 - $175

Adaptive Cruise Control

Forward Collision Warning

USA Bandwidth 600 MHz 2

Robust for Rain/snow

Concerns for People Detection / Angular Resolution

Front Mono

Camera50 m 1 36° 1 $80 - $100

Lane Departure Warning

Forward Collision Warning

Traffic Sign Recognition

Versatile Sensor (Applications)

Limited depth perception ; affected by rain / fog

Needs illumination (Visible/IR)

LIDAR

(Flash)50 m 56° $60 - $100

Blind Spot Detection

Forward Collision Warning

Concerns for Rain/Snow

Good reflection off people w/ angular resolution

Range & S/N limited by eye safety

LIDAR

(Scanning)120 m 360° $250 - $8000

Mapping Environment

BSD/FCW/LDW/ACC

Concerns for Rain/Snow

Typically higher price for angular resolution

Range & S/N limited by eye safety

1 : Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: readiness of V2V technology for application – DOT HS 812014 ; Table V-7

2 : Millimeter Wave Receiver concepts for 77 GHz automotive radar in silicon Germanium Technology – D.Kissenger (SpringerBrief’s 2012)

All 3 have limitations – optimum fusion determined by regulation / consumer expectations ..

• False positives Nuisance to consumer Turns feature off (if possible)

• False negatives did not meet spec / expectations

=> Optimum combination of sensors will be a learning process

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LIDAR – Technology Landscape

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Sources for LIDAR images :

Velodyne : http://velodynelidar.com Quanergy: http://www.lidarusa.com

Ibeo: http://www.bayern-innovativ.de Leddartech: http://www.Leddartech.com

Phantomintelligence.com

The market is

struggling to find

the right solution for

automotive LIDAR

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Flash LIDAR Concept – OSRAM & Partner (Ref. Design)

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30m range

~1cm accuracy

16 pixel array

24°H x 6°V FOV in a

2 x 8 array (3° x 3°per pixel)

Arrangement of pixels and field of view can be

customized in future products.

Multiple targets in each pixel can be resolved

Targets can be as close as ~1m apart (range) and still be separated

Differentiating through performance, small size,

scalability, and low power consumption

No moving (scanning) parts

Practically scalable from 8 to 128 pixels

Sun blinding can affect no more than a single pixel

Key Points

• Est. BOM < $50

• Functional sample 01/2016

• Target SOP 2018

One ChannelADC shared among many

channels

Osram and partner providing a LIDAR reference design for collision avoidance

(OSRAM Components – Laser & Photodiode Array)

MUX – Multiplexer

ADC – Analog to Digital Convertor

MSPS – Mega Sample per Sec

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Laser – Requirements and Roadmap

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• Range : Maximum distance for target of defined size and reflectivity (Typ. 30 – 300m)

• Wavelength : 905 / 1550 nm

• Peak Power & Pulse Width : High power / short PW for Eye Safety (Typ. 75W ; < 5ns)

• Package : Small package w/ Integrated driver

~200µm

~1µm

Efficiency: ~ 50 - 65%

Rise- /Fall- Time: 2 ns (*)

Spectral width: ~3 nm

(*) package limited

OSRAM Laser

Chip Technology

Near Future : 905 nm ; SMD w/

integrated driver ; > 100 W Peak

Power ; < 5 ns PW

SMD – Surface Mount Device

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Photodetectors – Requirements and Roadmap

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• Sensitivity : High (50 A/W) APD ; Low (0.5 A/W) PIN Photodiode

• Wavelength : 905 / 1550 nm Compatible with laser peak wavelength

• Cost: APD typically 20X more than Photodiode

• Package : Single / Array depends on system design

• Photodiode • Fast switching time (10 ns) ; linear response ; small temp. coefficient ; Preferred in Flash LIDAR

• Phototransistor • High photocurrent ; small package ; cheaper ; higher temp. coefficient

• Avalanche Photodiode • High SNR / voltage supply / temperature sensitivity / Price ; Preferred in Scanning LIDAR

• Single Photon Multiplier • Higher gain than APD at lower operating voltage; Dynamic range / recovery time poor - improving

Near Future : Considering Photodiode Arrays NxM for collision avoidance LIDAR

A/W – Amperes / Watt ; APD – Avalanche Photodiode ; SNR – Signal to Noise Ratio ; LIDAR – Light Detection And Ranging

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Infrared Camera – Exterior Automotive applications

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Forward Camera

Surround View

CameraRearview

Camera

Most of current automotive cameras used in exterior applications do not have infrared

illumination …

• At night time – cameras depend on headlamp / tail lamp for illumination

• Headlamp / tail lamps have limited range / FOV (Not typically designed for Camera)

• Adding Infrared illumination is a matter of time ..cannot be autonomous only in daytime

• Requires safety and lighting to work closer (Even more w/ Matrix lighting / Laser HL ..)

• Also needs more collaboration between image sensor / camera / lighting ..

• Expect ToF cameras to penetrate short range (Side / Rear) applications

IR emitters in headlamp

FOV – Field of View ; HL – Headlamp ; ToF – Time of Flight

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Infrared Camera – Interior Automotive applications

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Driver Monitoring

Camera

Infrared camera’s are already being used for driver monitoring applications ..

• Interior applications prefer 950nm to avoid red glow at 850nm

• Image sensors sensitivity at 850nm ~ 35% of visible / @950 nm ~ 20% & improving

• Expect technology to expand to rear seats for occupant detection / baby monitoring ..

• Potential exists to add iris recognition for security & customization

• TOF interior cameras in use for gesture recognition

• Public acceptance of privacy loss with camera is in grey zone ..

ToF – Time of Flight

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Infrared LEDs – Considerations (Camera)

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• Wavelength : IR/850/950

• Power : Range / FOV / Eye Safety

• Efficiency : Power/heat

Management / # of Devices

• Automotive Qualification

• 10 - 15 yr. Lifetime Supply

Considerations

SFH 4715AS

1.37W @ 1A , 43% efficiency

(Industry leading)

FOV – Field of View ; TF – Thinfilm; LPE – Liquid Phase Epitaxy

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Key Takeaways

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• Merging lanes : Detroit Silicon Valley

• More communication to leverage new technology / startups

• Suggest OEM / Tier1’s to have single window to access roadmap / requirements

• OEMs can filter Tier 1 / Tier 2 through roadmap / guide posts & reduce in-house R&D costs

(Leverage Silicon Valley startups)

• Impact of regulation on auto-industry

• Regulation guides innovation in auto industry – NHTSA roadmap has wide impact

• Innovation – Regulation (One drives the other) – creates business windows

• Developing standards for regulation can take > 2 years

• LIDAR

• LIDAR rapidly developing for automotive applications – will add to robustness under poor

lighting conditions for pedestrians & other vulnerable road users

• OSRAM developing higher power (>100 W ) w/ shorter PW (<5 ns) SMT pkg

• IR Camera

• Most external cameras now work in visible spectrum ; adding IR extends functionality

• Iris / gesture recognition / rear occupant monitoring coming up

• ToF camera making an appearance in market

• Semiconductor Supplier Considerations

• -40°C to 125°C : Not many semiconductor suppliers can do this

• Stable supply of a product for 15 years is also a factor

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Many Thanks ! www.osram-os.com

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Questions ?

Contact:

Rajeev.Thakur@osram-os.com