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Guided Notes – Ancient Rome
200 years a Kingdom-500 years a republic – 500 years an empire
Alexander the Great
King of Macedonia died in 323 B.C.
His general split the empire into 3 parts – Macedonia, Egypt and Persia
Power shifted from Greece on the Balkan Peninsula to Rome on the Italian Peninsula
Peoples of Italy
The “Latin's or Romans” migrated from over the Alps into Italy in about 800 B.C. - they were herders and farmers
People settled near the Tiber River◦An area of 7 hills for defense and nice place to
live◦Near water but not on the coast◦Rome 18 miles from the sea
Etruscans
Another group of people was called the Etruscans- they ruled much of central Italy
Etruscans brought Greek ideas to RomeAfter 100 years of rule- In 509 B.C.
Romans drove the Etruscans out and set up a Republic form of government
Republic means of the people◦Forum grew in the center of town for trade and
public discussion
Rome’s geography
ADVANTAGES◦Protected by
mountains◦Apennine Mountains
are not hard to travel through for travel
◦Peninsula –great for trade
DISADVANTAGES◦Separated from the
rest of Europe by Alps◦Open for enemy
attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains
After removing the Etruscan kings, Rome vowed to never have a king again
A republic gave citizens the right to vote for their leaders
Roman Class system
Patricians were the wealthy aristocratsPlebeians were the merchants and farmersSlaves were popular but not considered
citizens
Roman Republic
The Romans used the three best governments they knew:
monarchy aristocracy Democracy
Roman Republic
CONSULSMonarchy
2 consuls who served one year terms and could veto each other’s decisions
DUTIES: command army, ran government, appoint dictator in times of emergency
LIMITS: only could serve one year terms
Senate
SENATE Aristocracy
330 member Senate (eventually spread to Plebs)DUTIES: controlled budget, proposed and passed
lawsLIMITS: could not control army
◦CENSORS:◦Took census; upheld laws (courts)
◦PRAETORS:◦Made laws; served as military commanders
Tribunes (the plebs get power!)
ASSEMBLIESDemocracy
TRIBUNES(35 tribes elected 10 officials) came from all over the Republic to represent the plebs VOICE
DUTIES: could VETO Senate’s laws; decided to declare war or not
LIMITS: could not propose laws
Roman Citizenship
Citizenship extended to:◦People born in Roman territories
◦Through naturalization (petitioning for citizenship by foreigners)
◦Slaves who are freed by Roman masters
Romans in the Forum
The Forum was a place in the center of town where the temple and government buildings were located.
12 tables posted
Julius Caesar
First dictator for lifeLed the RepublicAssassinated by his Senate13 years of civil warJulius’s adopted son gained control
Augustus Caesar (Octavian)
Timeline
509 BCE Roman Republic founded450 BCE 12 tables adopted367 BCE Plebeians are allowed as consuls264 BCE Rome controls all of the Italian Peninsula265-146 BCE Romans conquer the Mediterranean Area120 BCE – 44BCE Breakdown of the Republic44 BCE Julius Caesar rules27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes emperor of the
Roman Empire
Roman Empire
Augustus spread the Roman control far beyond the Italian Peninsula
Empire stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia
Roman’s ruled wiselyUsed their army for protection and
building