Harvard referencing system

Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013

Harvard Referencing System

Mr Patrice Seuwou School of Technology

Session objectives


What is plagiarism?

• Use of any source of information (including electronic) without proper acknowledgement.

• Quoting, summarising or paraphrasing, copying and pasting without citing source.

• Citing sources you didn’t use.• Unauthorised collaboration.


Why do students plagiarise?

• Poor study skills• Inability to find information• Poor citation skills• Lack of understanding of what

constitutes plagiarism


Writing a dissertation, thesis, article, essay

To support your arguments and provide ideas:

• Read widely and analyse the work of others.

• Use as many sources as you can (books, journals, newspapers, reports, web etc.)

• Read at an appropriate academic level.• Use good quality sources.


Why should you cite other people’s work?

• Acknowledge the work of other writers and researchers

• Demonstrate your reading and research• Enable others to trace your sources

easily and lead them on to further information

• Part of the marking criteria• Provide a check against plagiarism• Meet copyright regulations


Journal Article

Referencing in Context

Book

Web Page

Research, read and

make notes

Your Project

Evidence to support your own ideas or arguments

• Paraphrase

• Direct Quote

Acknowledge Sources Used

• Briefly in your text

and/or• In full at the

end


What is citing and referencing?

• In your assignments you must demonstrate that you have used relevant, good quality sources by:

– providing in-text citations in the body of your work

AND

– a reference list/bibliography at the end of your work


What’s an in-text citation?

In-text citations appear in the body of the text of your assignment and should be included whenever you quote, summarise or otherwise refer to someone else’s ideas.


What do I need to include?

• author• year the work was published• page number(s) if applicable


What’s an in-text citation? - Examples

• According to Clegg (1985, p.543) the inter-war period was….

• Barter (2003, p.258) has shown that…..

• As Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2006, p.76) point out….

• It has been suggested by Reed (2008, pp.30-31)....

• Barter (2003, p.258) and Stuart (2001, p.85) note…

• A number of authors including Smith (2008, pp.21-24) and Adams (2001, pp.165-166) have argued that…

**p. - page number / pp. - page numbers**


What’s a reference list?• A list of all the sources you have cited in the text of

your assignment

• Presented at the end of your work in alphabetical order by author/ editor

• Do not list books, journals, newspapers, then websites etc.

Note: a bibliography lists all of the sources you have read to help write

your assignment, not just those cited in the text.

Bibliography and/ or reference list? Ask your tutor!


How to Reference

You need to reference in two places:

• Brief details – these will go into the main body of your assignment• Full details – these will go at the end

of your assignment


Referencing a book


Referencing a printed journal article


Referencing an electronic journal article


Referencing a web page


References of images and diagrams

All externally sourced images and diagrams must be referenced

• Enter the title underneath the image or diagram

• Add, in brackets, the author, date of publication and page number

• Where there is no author use the title of the source i.e. book, website etc.



Example 1 (Book/Publication):

Figure 1: Risk assessment guidelines for lifting and lowering (Essentials of Health and Safety at Work 2008,

48)



Example 2 (Website):

Figure 1: Marriages, United Kingdom, 1951 – 2007 (Office for National Statistics website

2009)



How to Reference


Secondary referencing

Summary• When you use ideas from, refer to, or quote from,

another person’s work you MUST acknowledge this in your work by citing and referencing

• Ensure that your citations and references are complete, accurate and consistent, by keeping note of the sources you have used and where you found them

• If you present work containing ideas or quotes from other authors, without acknowledging their work (even if you do so accidentally) you may be accused of plagiarism!


Date post:	26-Dec-2014
Category:	Education
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Harvard referencing system

Education