HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE CONTROL OPTIONS Chapter # 17.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE

CONTROL OPTIONSCONTROL OPTIONS

Chapter # 17

Hazardous Materials Release Hazardous Materials Release Offensive & Defensive OptionsOffensive & Defensive Options

IntroductionIntroduction


IntroductionIntroduction

Spills/Releases.Spills/Releases. Risk Assessment.Risk Assessment. NFPA Definitions.NFPA Definitions. Defensive Control Options.Defensive Control Options. Offensive Control Options.Offensive Control Options.

SPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASES

Spills Occur in Many Ways:Spills Occur in Many Ways:

• Over-turned Containers.Over-turned Containers.• Leaking Containers Leaking Containers • Intentional Spills.Intentional Spills.• Uncontrolled Reactions.Uncontrolled Reactions.• While Taking Samples or While Taking Samples or

During Maintenance Activities.During Maintenance Activities.

Spills Occur in Many Ways:Spills Occur in Many Ways:

• Over-turned Containers.Over-turned Containers.• Leaking Containers Leaking Containers • Intentional Spills.Intentional Spills.• Uncontrolled Reactions.Uncontrolled Reactions.• While Taking Samples or While Taking Samples or

During Maintenance Activities.During Maintenance Activities.

Offensive Control Options Offensive Control Options Are Reserved forAre Reserved forHaz Mat TechniciansHaz Mat Technicians

Offensive Control Options Offensive Control Options Are Reserved forAre Reserved forHaz Mat TechniciansHaz Mat Technicians

Why:Why:

• Special Training and Protective Equipment Is Required to Safely and Special Training and Protective Equipment Is Required to Safely and Effectively Handle the Incident.Effectively Handle the Incident.

• A Haz Mat Technician May Have to Decide on PPE. A Haz Mat Technician May Have to Decide on PPE.

• Understanding Emergency Controls and Safe Work Practices During Understanding Emergency Controls and Safe Work Practices During Mitigation Is Necessary for a Haz Mat Technician to Make Critical Mitigation Is Necessary for a Haz Mat Technician to Make Critical Decisions. Decisions.

Why:Why:

• Special Training and Protective Equipment Is Required to Safely and Special Training and Protective Equipment Is Required to Safely and Effectively Handle the Incident.Effectively Handle the Incident.

• A Haz Mat Technician May Have to Decide on PPE. A Haz Mat Technician May Have to Decide on PPE.

• Understanding Emergency Controls and Safe Work Practices During Understanding Emergency Controls and Safe Work Practices During Mitigation Is Necessary for a Haz Mat Technician to Make Critical Mitigation Is Necessary for a Haz Mat Technician to Make Critical Decisions. Decisions.

What Are theWhat Are theThree GoalsThree Goals

Which Must Be Considered Which Must Be Considered During the ManagementDuring the Management

of a Spill?of a Spill?

What Are theWhat Are theThree GoalsThree Goals

Which Must Be Considered Which Must Be Considered During the ManagementDuring the Management

of a Spill?of a Spill?



Life Safety.Life Safety. Protection of the Environment.Protection of the Environment. Protection of Property.Protection of Property.

Life Safety.Life Safety. Protection of the Environment.Protection of the Environment. Protection of Property.Protection of Property.

When Considering the Nature When Considering the Nature of a Spill, There Are of a Spill, There Are Nine Nine

Factors Which Effect How We Factors Which Effect How We Deal With ItDeal With It..

When Considering the Nature When Considering the Nature of a Spill, There Are of a Spill, There Are Nine Nine

Factors Which Effect How We Factors Which Effect How We Deal With ItDeal With It..


SPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASESNine Factors Which Effect SpillsNine Factors Which Effect SpillsSPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASESNine Factors Which Effect SpillsNine Factors Which Effect Spills

They are:They are:

• Risk Assessment.Risk Assessment.• State of Material.State of Material.• Company Policies.Company Policies.• Route of Dispersion.Route of Dispersion.• Hazards Associated with the Material.Hazards Associated with the Material.• Quantity of Material.Quantity of Material.• Equipment Needs.Equipment Needs.• Secondary Contamination.Secondary Contamination.• Weather. Weather.

They are:They are:

• Risk Assessment.Risk Assessment.• State of Material.State of Material.• Company Policies.Company Policies.• Route of Dispersion.Route of Dispersion.• Hazards Associated with the Material.Hazards Associated with the Material.• Quantity of Material.Quantity of Material.• Equipment Needs.Equipment Needs.• Secondary Contamination.Secondary Contamination.• Weather. Weather.

SPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASESPre-Planning Is The Key!Pre-Planning Is The Key!SPILLS/RELEASESSPILLS/RELEASES

Pre-Planning Is The Key!Pre-Planning Is The Key!

Pre-Planning May Include:Pre-Planning May Include:

• Knowing Which Containment or Control Method Knowing Which Containment or Control Method Is Compatible With Each Chemical.Is Compatible With Each Chemical.

• Having Adequate Emergency Supplies.Having Adequate Emergency Supplies.

• Establishing Policies and Procedures for Establishing Policies and Procedures for Dealing With Each ChemicalDealing With Each Chemical

• Training And Exercising All ER Personnel.Training And Exercising All ER Personnel.

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentThree Questions to Ask DuringThree Questions to Ask During

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentThree Questions to Ask DuringThree Questions to Ask During

Three Questions:Three Questions:

• What Will Happen If We Do What Will Happen If We Do Nothing?Nothing?

• What Will Happen If We Try to What Will Happen If We Try to Control the Release?Control the Release?

• What Will Happen If We Just Keep What Will Happen If We Just Keep the Material From Spreading?the Material From Spreading?

Three Questions:Three Questions:

• What Will Happen If We Do What Will Happen If We Do Nothing?Nothing?

• What Will Happen If We Try to What Will Happen If We Try to Control the Release?Control the Release?

• What Will Happen If We Just Keep What Will Happen If We Just Keep the Material From Spreading?the Material From Spreading?

Based on These Questions, the Based on These Questions, the Responder Can Act According to Responder Can Act According to

Their Their Level of TrainingLevel of Training and and WithinWithin

Their Their Capabilities Capabilities and and ResourcesResources..

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentRisk AssessmentRisk Assessment

FRAFRA = S. I. N. = S. I. N.

FRO FRO = S. I. N. and C= S. I. N. and C

TechTech = All of the Above and More = All of the Above and More

FRAFRA = S. I. N. = S. I. N.

FRO FRO = S. I. N. and C= S. I. N. and C

TechTech = All of the Above and More = All of the Above and More

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentResponder ActionsResponder ActionsRisk AssessmentRisk AssessmentResponder ActionsResponder Actions

NFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONTROLCONTROL

NFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONTROLCONTROL

““The The DefensiveDefensive or or OffensiveOffensive Procedures, Procedures, Techniques and Methods Used in the Techniques and Methods Used in the Mitigation of a Hazardous Materials Mitigation of a Hazardous Materials

Incident, Enclosing Containment, Incident, Enclosing Containment, Extinguishment and Confinement.”Extinguishment and Confinement.”

““The Actions Taken to Keep a Material in Its The Actions Taken to Keep a Material in Its Container (i.e., Stop a Release of the Material or Container (i.e., Stop a Release of the Material or Reduce the Amount Being Released).” Reduce the Amount Being Released).”

Including:Including:• PluggingPlugging

• OverpackingOverpacking

• PatchingPatching

• By-Passing By-Passing

NFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONTAINMENTCONTAINMENTNFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT

““Those Procedures Taken to Keep a Material Those Procedures Taken to Keep a Material in a Defined or Local Area Once Released.”in a Defined or Local Area Once Released.”

Including:Including:

• Secondary ContainmentSecondary Containment

• OverpackingOverpacking

• RetainingRetaining

• DammingDamming

NFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONFINEMENTCONFINEMENTNFPA DefinitionsNFPA DefinitionsCONFINEMENTCONFINEMENT

Containment:Containment:

• Contained as quickly as possible to:Contained as quickly as possible to:

» Eliminate or reduce the hazard.Eliminate or reduce the hazard.» Prevent contamination of people and the Prevent contamination of people and the

environment.environment.» Facilitate cleanup.Facilitate cleanup.


• Contained as quickly as possible to:Contained as quickly as possible to:

» Eliminate or reduce the hazard.Eliminate or reduce the hazard.» Prevent contamination of people and the Prevent contamination of people and the

environment.environment.» Facilitate cleanup.Facilitate cleanup.

Defensive Control Defensive Control OptionsOptions



• Most efficient way to control or contain is to contain Most efficient way to control or contain is to contain the material in its most concentrated form.the material in its most concentrated form.

• However, response personnel have the highest However, response personnel have the highest priority over the incident.priority over the incident.


• Most efficient way to control or contain is to contain Most efficient way to control or contain is to contain the material in its most concentrated form.the material in its most concentrated form.

• However, response personnel have the highest However, response personnel have the highest priority over the incident.priority over the incident.



Vertical & Lateral Control:Vertical & Lateral Control:

• Vertical Control:Vertical Control:» Containing materials releasing vertically.Containing materials releasing vertically.

Atmospheric and ground.Atmospheric and ground.» Most difficult to control.Most difficult to control.

• Lateral Control:Lateral Control:» Lateral movement over surface with no vertical movement.Lateral movement over surface with no vertical movement.» Easier to control.Easier to control.

Vertical & Lateral Control:Vertical & Lateral Control:

• Vertical Control:Vertical Control:» Containing materials releasing vertically.Containing materials releasing vertically.

Atmospheric and ground.Atmospheric and ground.» Most difficult to control.Most difficult to control.

• Lateral Control:Lateral Control:» Lateral movement over surface with no vertical movement.Lateral movement over surface with no vertical movement.» Easier to control.Easier to control.



SOPs should include protocol for:SOPs should include protocol for:

• Containers badly damaged that plugging or patching is impossible.Containers badly damaged that plugging or patching is impossible.

• Inaccessible or damaged container valves & emergency shut-off Inaccessible or damaged container valves & emergency shut-off systems.systems.

• Liquids leaking during rainy weather.Liquids leaking during rainy weather.

• Liquids leaking into uncontrollable, high flowing rivers or Liquids leaking into uncontrollable, high flowing rivers or waterways.waterways.

• Breached containers of powders in high wind environment.Breached containers of powders in high wind environment.

SOPs should include protocol for:SOPs should include protocol for:

• Containers badly damaged that plugging or patching is impossible.Containers badly damaged that plugging or patching is impossible.

• Inaccessible or damaged container valves & emergency shut-off Inaccessible or damaged container valves & emergency shut-off systems.systems.

• Liquids leaking during rainy weather.Liquids leaking during rainy weather.

• Liquids leaking into uncontrollable, high flowing rivers or Liquids leaking into uncontrollable, high flowing rivers or waterways.waterways.

• Breached containers of powders in high wind environment.Breached containers of powders in high wind environment.

Procedures When Normal Procedures When Normal Containment Cannot Be Containment Cannot Be

AchievedAchieved

Procedures When Normal Procedures When Normal Containment Cannot Be Containment Cannot Be

AchievedAchieved

Rain is the biggest threat during liquid or powder leaks:Rain is the biggest threat during liquid or powder leaks:• Act quickly to protect storm drains.Act quickly to protect storm drains.

Flooding causes contaminants to spread even further.Flooding causes contaminants to spread even further. Physical and Chemical properties are also considerations Physical and Chemical properties are also considerations

how material behave in the rain.how material behave in the rain. Wind will make the containment of gases and powders Wind will make the containment of gases and powders

difficult.difficult.• Heat will cause vapors to disperse more rapidly & spread Heat will cause vapors to disperse more rapidly & spread

over a much wider territory.over a much wider territory.

Rain is the biggest threat during liquid or powder leaks:Rain is the biggest threat during liquid or powder leaks:• Act quickly to protect storm drains.Act quickly to protect storm drains.

Flooding causes contaminants to spread even further.Flooding causes contaminants to spread even further. Physical and Chemical properties are also considerations Physical and Chemical properties are also considerations

how material behave in the rain.how material behave in the rain. Wind will make the containment of gases and powders Wind will make the containment of gases and powders

difficult.difficult.• Heat will cause vapors to disperse more rapidly & spread Heat will cause vapors to disperse more rapidly & spread

over a much wider territory.over a much wider territory.

Problems WeatherProblems WeatherComplicates ContainmentComplicates ContainmentProblems WeatherProblems WeatherComplicates ContainmentComplicates Containment

Containment is not as effective at Containment is not as effective at protecting the environment as direct protecting the environment as direct control measures:control measures:

• Responders must understand the risks in Responders must understand the risks in order to minimize the impact on the order to minimize the impact on the environment.environment.

Containment is not as effective at Containment is not as effective at protecting the environment as direct protecting the environment as direct control measures:control measures:

• Responders must understand the risks in Responders must understand the risks in order to minimize the impact on the order to minimize the impact on the environment.environment.

Environmental Damage Environmental Damage Associated with Associated with

ContainmentContainment

Environmental Damage Environmental Damage Associated with Associated with

ContainmentContainment

Dams can contain large volumes.Dams can contain large volumes. Take advantage of natural Take advantage of natural

barriers.barriers. Dams can be designed to separate Dams can be designed to separate

the contaminant from flowing or the contaminant from flowing or standing water.standing water.

Prevent further spread of the Prevent further spread of the contaminant.contaminant.

Time consuming to build Time consuming to build properly.properly.

Dams can contain large volumes.Dams can contain large volumes. Take advantage of natural Take advantage of natural

barriers.barriers. Dams can be designed to separate Dams can be designed to separate

the contaminant from flowing or the contaminant from flowing or standing water.standing water.

Prevent further spread of the Prevent further spread of the contaminant.contaminant.

Time consuming to build Time consuming to build properly.properly.

Creating Dams for Creating Dams for ContainmentContainmentCreating Dams for Creating Dams for ContainmentContainment

Simple Dams.Simple Dams. Complex Dams, “Separation Dams.”Complex Dams, “Separation Dams.” Overflow Dams.Overflow Dams. Underflow Dams.Underflow Dams.

Simple Dams.Simple Dams. Complex Dams, “Separation Dams.”Complex Dams, “Separation Dams.” Overflow Dams.Overflow Dams. Underflow Dams.Underflow Dams.

Types of DamsTypes of DamsTypes of DamsTypes of Dams

Not an easy task.Not an easy task. Time consuming.Time consuming. Requires a lot of materials:Requires a lot of materials:

• Various equipment.Various equipment. Labor intensive.Labor intensive. Often requires heavy equipment.Often requires heavy equipment.

Not an easy task.Not an easy task. Time consuming.Time consuming. Requires a lot of materials:Requires a lot of materials:

• Various equipment.Various equipment. Labor intensive.Labor intensive. Often requires heavy equipment.Often requires heavy equipment.

Dam ConstructionDam ConstructionDam ConstructionDam Construction

An effective method to contain a leak & prevent needless An effective method to contain a leak & prevent needless environmental damage:environmental damage:

• Amount of fluid.Amount of fluid.• Rate of fluid leak.Rate of fluid leak.• Chemical hazard.Chemical hazard.• Suitability of diking material.Suitability of diking material.• Availability of diking material.Availability of diking material.• Personnel required for diking operations.Personnel required for diking operations.• Availability of heavy equipment.Availability of heavy equipment.

An effective method to contain a leak & prevent needless An effective method to contain a leak & prevent needless environmental damage:environmental damage:

• Amount of fluid.Amount of fluid.• Rate of fluid leak.Rate of fluid leak.• Chemical hazard.Chemical hazard.• Suitability of diking material.Suitability of diking material.• Availability of diking material.Availability of diking material.• Personnel required for diking operations.Personnel required for diking operations.• Availability of heavy equipment.Availability of heavy equipment.

Diking as a Method of Diking as a Method of ContaminantContaminantDiking as a Method of Diking as a Method of ContaminantContaminant

A variety of materials can be used:A variety of materials can be used:

• Dirt.Dirt.• Sand.Sand.• Sawdust.Sawdust.• Absorbent materials:Absorbent materials:

» Pads, Pigs, Booms, and Bulk absorbents.Pads, Pigs, Booms, and Bulk absorbents.• Polyurethane foams.Polyurethane foams.• Concrete.Concrete.

A variety of materials can be used:A variety of materials can be used:

• Dirt.Dirt.• Sand.Sand.• Sawdust.Sawdust.• Absorbent materials:Absorbent materials:

» Pads, Pigs, Booms, and Bulk absorbents.Pads, Pigs, Booms, and Bulk absorbents.• Polyurethane foams.Polyurethane foams.• Concrete.Concrete.

Diking MaterialsDiking MaterialsDiking MaterialsDiking Materials

Curbs and gutters vs. crown of the Curbs and gutters vs. crown of the road.road.

Open fields, vacant lots, creek beds:Open fields, vacant lots, creek beds:• Be Careful!Be Careful!

Curbs and gutters vs. crown of the Curbs and gutters vs. crown of the road.road.

Open fields, vacant lots, creek beds:Open fields, vacant lots, creek beds:• Be Careful!Be Careful!

Utilizing SurroundingUtilizing SurroundingAreas in Dike ConstructionAreas in Dike ConstructionUtilizing SurroundingUtilizing SurroundingAreas in Dike ConstructionAreas in Dike Construction

Divert to a separate area.Divert to a separate area. Utilized by First Responders.Utilized by First Responders. Large flat area downstream utilized.Large flat area downstream utilized.

Divert to a separate area.Divert to a separate area. Utilized by First Responders.Utilized by First Responders. Large flat area downstream utilized.Large flat area downstream utilized.

DivertingDivertingDivertingDiverting

Weirs.Weirs. Oil Control Booms.Oil Control Booms. Skimmers.Skimmers. Pneumatic Barriers.Pneumatic Barriers. Spill Herding.Spill Herding. Dredging.Dredging.

Weirs.Weirs. Oil Control Booms.Oil Control Booms. Skimmers.Skimmers. Pneumatic Barriers.Pneumatic Barriers. Spill Herding.Spill Herding. Dredging.Dredging.

Other Containment Other Containment MeasuresMeasures

Other Containment Other Containment MeasuresMeasures

Encapsulation.Encapsulation. Burning.Burning. Nets.Nets. Precipitation.Precipitation. Biodegradation.Biodegradation.

Encapsulation.Encapsulation. Burning.Burning. Nets.Nets. Precipitation.Precipitation. Biodegradation.Biodegradation.

There are three types of drums:There are three types of drums:• Metal, Plastic, and Cardboard.Metal, Plastic, and Cardboard.

Construction is mandated by compatibility with the product they will contain.Construction is mandated by compatibility with the product they will contain.

Emergency Responders must approach benign drums cautiously, looking for signs of Emergency Responders must approach benign drums cautiously, looking for signs of failure.failure.

There are three types of drums:There are three types of drums:• Metal, Plastic, and Cardboard.Metal, Plastic, and Cardboard.

Construction is mandated by compatibility with the product they will contain.Construction is mandated by compatibility with the product they will contain.

Emergency Responders must approach benign drums cautiously, looking for signs of Emergency Responders must approach benign drums cautiously, looking for signs of failure.failure.

OFFENSIVE OFFENSIVE CONTROL CONTROL OPTIONSOPTIONS

OFFENSIVE OFFENSIVE CONTROL CONTROL OPTIONSOPTIONS

Bulging Drums:Bulging Drums:

• Exposure to heat?Exposure to heat?• If bulging, but open, there is no need to fear an explosion.If bulging, but open, there is no need to fear an explosion.• If the drum is closed, then the drum indicates tremendous pressure inside.If the drum is closed, then the drum indicates tremendous pressure inside.• Tampering with the drum can be very dangerous.Tampering with the drum can be very dangerous.• Drums coated with rust are indicators of possible container failure & must be handled as imminent failure is a possibility.Drums coated with rust are indicators of possible container failure & must be handled as imminent failure is a possibility.

Bulging Drums:Bulging Drums:

• Exposure to heat?Exposure to heat?• If bulging, but open, there is no need to fear an explosion.If bulging, but open, there is no need to fear an explosion.• If the drum is closed, then the drum indicates tremendous pressure inside.If the drum is closed, then the drum indicates tremendous pressure inside.• Tampering with the drum can be very dangerous.Tampering with the drum can be very dangerous.• Drums coated with rust are indicators of possible container failure & must be handled as imminent failure is a possibility.Drums coated with rust are indicators of possible container failure & must be handled as imminent failure is a possibility.

How to Handle How to Handle Drum EmergenciesDrum EmergenciesHow to Handle How to Handle Drum EmergenciesDrum Emergencies

Leaking Drums:Leaking Drums:

• How much was released?How much was released?• How much product remains in the leaking container?How much product remains in the leaking container?• What direction is the product traveling?What direction is the product traveling?

» Is Diking Necessary?Is Diking Necessary?• Is this a current leak or an old leak?Is this a current leak or an old leak?• What is the condition of plant life around the leaking container?What is the condition of plant life around the leaking container?

Leaking Drums:Leaking Drums:

• How much was released?How much was released?• How much product remains in the leaking container?How much product remains in the leaking container?• What direction is the product traveling?What direction is the product traveling?

» Is Diking Necessary?Is Diking Necessary?• Is this a current leak or an old leak?Is this a current leak or an old leak?• What is the condition of plant life around the leaking container?What is the condition of plant life around the leaking container?

How to Handle Drum How to Handle Drum EmergenciesEmergenciesHow to Handle Drum How to Handle Drum EmergenciesEmergencies

Leaking Drum(s) Handling:Leaking Drum(s) Handling:

• The scene must be evaluated for potential hazard prior to taking any action.The scene must be evaluated for potential hazard prior to taking any action.• Appropriate safety precautions and PPE must be used to safeguard response personnel.Appropriate safety precautions and PPE must be used to safeguard response personnel.• The drum should be visually inspected for signs of damage that would impact how the leak is controlled.The drum should be visually inspected for signs of damage that would impact how the leak is controlled.• What is the risk of sudden movement of the container?What is the risk of sudden movement of the container?• Use the “Buddy System.”Use the “Buddy System.”• Repositioning the container.Repositioning the container.

Leaking Drum(s) Handling:Leaking Drum(s) Handling:

• The scene must be evaluated for potential hazard prior to taking any action.The scene must be evaluated for potential hazard prior to taking any action.• Appropriate safety precautions and PPE must be used to safeguard response personnel.Appropriate safety precautions and PPE must be used to safeguard response personnel.• The drum should be visually inspected for signs of damage that would impact how the leak is controlled.The drum should be visually inspected for signs of damage that would impact how the leak is controlled.• What is the risk of sudden movement of the container?What is the risk of sudden movement of the container?• Use the “Buddy System.”Use the “Buddy System.”• Repositioning the container.Repositioning the container.


Overpacking:Overpacking:

• Involves placing the damaged drum inside a larger container.Involves placing the damaged drum inside a larger container.• Containers are very heavy.Containers are very heavy.• Prepare the scene for operations, ensure proper equipment and resources are available.Prepare the scene for operations, ensure proper equipment and resources are available.• Use the “Buddy System.”Use the “Buddy System.”

Overpacking:Overpacking:

• Involves placing the damaged drum inside a larger container.Involves placing the damaged drum inside a larger container.• Containers are very heavy.Containers are very heavy.• Prepare the scene for operations, ensure proper equipment and resources are available.Prepare the scene for operations, ensure proper equipment and resources are available.• Use the “Buddy System.”Use the “Buddy System.”


Overpacking, Continued:Overpacking, Continued:

• Utilization of a forklift or drum lifting device, mechanical placement of the damaged drum.Utilization of a forklift or drum lifting device, mechanical placement of the damaged drum.• Overpack drum may be turned upside down & placed over the target drum. Then turned upright with Overpack drum may be turned upside down & placed over the target drum. Then turned upright with

the target drum inside.the target drum inside.• Both drums turned on their sides. Drums are angled towards each other, then rolled to slide the target Both drums turned on their sides. Drums are angled towards each other, then rolled to slide the target

drum into the overpack drum. The overpack drum is then lifted upright.drum into the overpack drum. The overpack drum is then lifted upright.

Overpacking, Continued:Overpacking, Continued:

• Utilization of a forklift or drum lifting device, mechanical placement of the damaged drum.Utilization of a forklift or drum lifting device, mechanical placement of the damaged drum.• Overpack drum may be turned upside down & placed over the target drum. Then turned upright with Overpack drum may be turned upside down & placed over the target drum. Then turned upright with

the target drum inside.the target drum inside.• Both drums turned on their sides. Drums are angled towards each other, then rolled to slide the target Both drums turned on their sides. Drums are angled towards each other, then rolled to slide the target

drum into the overpack drum. The overpack drum is then lifted upright.drum into the overpack drum. The overpack drum is then lifted upright.


Presents additional complications.Presents additional complications.

First, careful sampling must be accomplished:First, careful sampling must be accomplished:• NEVER TAKE SOMEONE’S WORD FOR IT!NEVER TAKE SOMEONE’S WORD FOR IT!• Correct handling will assist with proper IDHA.Correct handling will assist with proper IDHA.

Second, It’s often necessary to determine who has jurisdiction and authority:Second, It’s often necessary to determine who has jurisdiction and authority:• Who will absorb the cost? Who will absorb the cost?

Presents additional complications.Presents additional complications.

First, careful sampling must be accomplished:First, careful sampling must be accomplished:• NEVER TAKE SOMEONE’S WORD FOR IT!NEVER TAKE SOMEONE’S WORD FOR IT!• Correct handling will assist with proper IDHA.Correct handling will assist with proper IDHA.

Second, It’s often necessary to determine who has jurisdiction and authority:Second, It’s often necessary to determine who has jurisdiction and authority:• Who will absorb the cost? Who will absorb the cost?

Dealing with Abandoned Dealing with Abandoned Drums or Drums Drums or Drums

Incorrectly LabeledIncorrectly Labeled



Sampling Liquids in Drums, Sampling Liquids in Drums, Specific GuidelinesSpecific Guidelines::

• Proper PPE used.Proper PPE used.• Proper sampling containers, labeled, additional samples preserved for litigation.Proper sampling containers, labeled, additional samples preserved for litigation.• Avoid contamination of the samples.Avoid contamination of the samples.• Maintain a log.Maintain a log.• Sample jars place in heavy “Zip Lock” bags and bagged a second time.Sample jars place in heavy “Zip Lock” bags and bagged a second time.• If used in court, photos or video should be used to document the scene.If used in court, photos or video should be used to document the scene.

Sampling Liquids in Drums, Sampling Liquids in Drums, Specific GuidelinesSpecific Guidelines::

• Proper PPE used.Proper PPE used.• Proper sampling containers, labeled, additional samples preserved for litigation.Proper sampling containers, labeled, additional samples preserved for litigation.• Avoid contamination of the samples.Avoid contamination of the samples.• Maintain a log.Maintain a log.• Sample jars place in heavy “Zip Lock” bags and bagged a second time.Sample jars place in heavy “Zip Lock” bags and bagged a second time.• If used in court, photos or video should be used to document the scene.If used in court, photos or video should be used to document the scene.





Testing With pH Paper:Testing With pH Paper:

• Used to test corrosivity.Used to test corrosivity.• Wear appropriate PPE.Wear appropriate PPE.• Use forceps to test material.Use forceps to test material.• Color changes indicate pH.Color changes indicate pH.

Testing With pH Paper:Testing With pH Paper:

• Used to test corrosivity.Used to test corrosivity.• Wear appropriate PPE.Wear appropriate PPE.• Use forceps to test material.Use forceps to test material.• Color changes indicate pH.Color changes indicate pH.





Bonding and Grounding:Bonding and Grounding:

• Static electricity is an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.Static electricity is an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.• The greater the potential difference, the greater the chance a spark will cause ignition.The greater the potential difference, the greater the chance a spark will cause ignition.• Causes of static electricity:Causes of static electricity:

» Motion and Induction.Motion and Induction.

• Bonding and grounding are methods to prevent or remove surface charges.Bonding and grounding are methods to prevent or remove surface charges.

Bonding and Grounding:Bonding and Grounding:

• Static electricity is an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.Static electricity is an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.• The greater the potential difference, the greater the chance a spark will cause ignition.The greater the potential difference, the greater the chance a spark will cause ignition.• Causes of static electricity:Causes of static electricity:

» Motion and Induction.Motion and Induction.

• Bonding and grounding are methods to prevent or remove surface charges.Bonding and grounding are methods to prevent or remove surface charges.

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Use of Absorbent Materials:Use of Absorbent Materials:

• Pads.Pads.• Socks.Socks.• Pillows.Pillows.• Bulk applications.Bulk applications.• Specialty Products.Specialty Products.

Use of Absorbent Materials:Use of Absorbent Materials:

• Pads.Pads.• Socks.Socks.• Pillows.Pillows.• Bulk applications.Bulk applications.• Specialty Products.Specialty Products.

Dealing with Abandoned Dealing with Abandoned Drums or Drums Drums or Drums Incorrectly LabeledIncorrectly Labeled


Disadvantages of Absorbent Materials:Disadvantages of Absorbent Materials:

• Choppy or agitated waters will effect the efficiency.Choppy or agitated waters will effect the efficiency.• Heavy oils not efficiently absorbed.Heavy oils not efficiently absorbed.• May require floatation devices.May require floatation devices.• Care for removal.Care for removal.• Diatomaceous earth and certain silica gels may require disposal in Class I dump.Diatomaceous earth and certain silica gels may require disposal in Class I dump.

Disadvantages of Absorbent Materials:Disadvantages of Absorbent Materials:

• Choppy or agitated waters will effect the efficiency.Choppy or agitated waters will effect the efficiency.• Heavy oils not efficiently absorbed.Heavy oils not efficiently absorbed.• May require floatation devices.May require floatation devices.• Care for removal.Care for removal.• Diatomaceous earth and certain silica gels may require disposal in Class I dump.Diatomaceous earth and certain silica gels may require disposal in Class I dump.



Plugging, Patching, and Catching:Plugging, Patching, and Catching:

• Plugging and patching are done to stop a leak.Plugging and patching are done to stop a leak.• Helps the incident from escalating.Helps the incident from escalating.• Plugging and patching are not always an Plugging and patching are not always an

option.option.

Plugging, Patching, and Catching:Plugging, Patching, and Catching:

• Plugging and patching are done to stop a leak.Plugging and patching are done to stop a leak.• Helps the incident from escalating.Helps the incident from escalating.• Plugging and patching are not always an Plugging and patching are not always an

option.option.



Plugging:Plugging:

• Friction.Friction.• Expansion.Expansion.• Compression.Compression.

Plugging:Plugging:

• Friction.Friction.• Expansion.Expansion.• Compression.Compression.



Patching:Patching:

• Epoxies.Epoxies.• Rubber compounds.Rubber compounds.• Foams.Foams.• Fiberglass mastics.Fiberglass mastics.• Commercial substances.Commercial substances.

Patching:Patching:

• Epoxies.Epoxies.• Rubber compounds.Rubber compounds.• Foams.Foams.• Fiberglass mastics.Fiberglass mastics.• Commercial substances.Commercial substances.



Catching:Catching:

• Means to capture or containing the leaking product.Means to capture or containing the leaking product.• Catching containers should be specifically designed Catching containers should be specifically designed

and purchased for that purpose. and purchased for that purpose.

Catching:Catching:

• Means to capture or containing the leaking product.Means to capture or containing the leaking product.• Catching containers should be specifically designed Catching containers should be specifically designed

and purchased for that purpose. and purchased for that purpose.



Plugging, Patching, and Catching Equipment:Plugging, Patching, and Catching Equipment:

• Limited by:Limited by:» Budget.Budget.» Space available.Space available.» Imagination of the response team. Catching containers should be specifically designed and purchased Imagination of the response team. Catching containers should be specifically designed and purchased

for that purpose. for that purpose.


• Limited by:Limited by:» Budget.Budget.» Space available.Space available.» Imagination of the response team. Catching containers should be specifically designed and purchased Imagination of the response team. Catching containers should be specifically designed and purchased

for that purpose. for that purpose.




• Variety of Tools:Variety of Tools:» ScrewdriversScrewdrivers» HammersHammers» PliersPliers» Socket setsSocket sets» WrenchesWrenches» Cutting toolsCutting tools» PunchesPunches» ChiselsChisels


• Variety of Tools:Variety of Tools:» ScrewdriversScrewdrivers» HammersHammers» PliersPliers» Socket setsSocket sets» WrenchesWrenches» Cutting toolsCutting tools» PunchesPunches» ChiselsChisels





» Prying toolsPrying tools» WedgesWedges

» Self-tapping screwsSelf-tapping screws» Boiler plugsBoiler plugs» Pipe plugsPipe plugs» CapsCaps» Pipe clampsPipe clamps» BandagesBandages» NeopreneNeoprene

» Prying toolsPrying tools» WedgesWedges

» Self-tapping screwsSelf-tapping screws» Boiler plugsBoiler plugs» Pipe plugsPipe plugs

» CapsCaps» Pipe clampsPipe clamps» BandagesBandages» NeopreneNeoprene

» Tubeless repair Tubeless repair kitskits

» Pop rivet toolsPop rivet tools

» Tubeless repair Tubeless repair kitskits

» Pop rivet toolsPop rivet tools

Make your own“Pre-Made

Specialty Kits”


SUMMARYSUMMARY


SUMMARYSUMMARY

Spills/Releases.Spills/Releases. Risk Assessment.Risk Assessment. NFPA Definitions.NFPA Definitions. Defensive Control Options.Defensive Control Options. Offensive Control Options.Offensive Control Options.


SUMMARYSUMMARY


SUMMARYSUMMARY

Use The “BUDDY SYSTEM”Use The “BUDDY SYSTEM”

QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

?

1. E-mail question(s) to [email protected]. Your question(s) will be answered asap.

mailto:[email protected]

EXAM TIMEEXAM TIME

Hazardous Materials Release Hazardous Materials Release Offensive & Defensive OptionsOffensive & Defensive OptionsHazardous Materials Release Hazardous Materials Release

Offensive & Defensive OptionsOffensive & Defensive Options

Date post:	26-Mar-2015
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE CONTROL OPTIONS Chapter # 17.

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