Date post: | 16-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | caitlin-casey |
View: | 220 times |
Download: | 0 times |
HeadingHeading Page #Page #
The Function & Classification of The Function & Classification of BonesBones
Table of Contents
The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System
Parts of the skeletal systemParts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton)Bones (skeleton) JointsJoints CartilagesCartilages LigamentsLigaments
Divided into two divisionsDivided into two divisions Axial skeletonAxial skeleton Appendicular skeletonAppendicular skeleton
Functions of BonesFunctions of Bones
Support of the bodySupport of the body Protection of soft organsProtection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal Movement due to attached skeletal
musclesmuscles Storage of minerals and fatsStorage of minerals and fats Blood cell formationBlood cell formation
Bones of the Human BodyBones of the Human Body
The adult skeleton has 206 bonesThe adult skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissueTwo basic types of bone tissue
Compact boneCompact bone Dense & SmoothDense & Smooth HomogeneousHomogeneous
Spongy boneSpongy bone Small needle-like Small needle-like
pieces of bonepieces of bone Many open spacesMany open spaces
Figure 5.2b
Classification of Bones on the Classification of Bones on the Basis of ShapeBasis of Shape
Figure 5.1
Long BonesLong Bones
• Typically longer than Typically longer than widewide
• Have a shaft with Have a shaft with heads at both endsheads at both ends
• Contain mostly Contain mostly compact bonecompact bone
• Examples: Femur, Examples: Femur, humerushumerus
Short BonesShort Bones
Generally cube-Generally cube-shapeshape
Contain mostly Contain mostly spongy bonespongy bone
Examples: Carpals, Examples: Carpals, tarsalstarsals
Flat BonesFlat Bones
Thin and flattenedThin and flattened
Usually curvedUsually curved
Thin layers of compact Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of bone around a layer of spongy bonespongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, Examples: Skull, ribs, sternumsternum
Irregular BonesIrregular Bones
Irregular shapeIrregular shape
Do not fit into other bone Do not fit into other bone classification categoriesclassification categories
Example: Vertebrae and Example: Vertebrae and hiphip
HomeworkHomework
Page 174 Short Answer Essay #1-5Page 174 Short Answer Essay #1-5
HeadingHeading Page #Page #
The Function & Classification of The Function & Classification of BonesBones
Structure of a Long BoneStructure of a Long Bone
Table of Contents
Gross Anatomy of a Long Gross Anatomy of a Long BoneBone
DiaphysisDiaphysis ShaftShaft Composed of Composed of
compact bonecompact bone Epiphysis Epiphysis
Ends of the boneEnds of the bone Composed mostly of Composed mostly of
spongy bonespongy bone
Figure 5.2a
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone PeriosteumPeriosteum
Outside covering of Outside covering of the diaphysisthe diaphysis
Fibrous connective Fibrous connective tissue membranetissue membrane
Sharpey’s fibers Sharpey’s fibers (perforating)(perforating)
Secure periosteum Secure periosteum to underlying boneto underlying bone
ArteriesArteries Supply bone cells Supply bone cells
with nutrientswith nutrientsFigure 5.2c
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone
Articular cartilageArticular cartilage Covers the Covers the
external surface external surface of the epiphysesof the epiphyses
Made of hyaline Made of hyaline cartilagecartilage
Decreases friction Decreases friction at joint surfacesat joint surfaces
Figure 5.2a
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone
Medullary cavityMedullary cavity Cavity of the shaftCavity of the shaft Contains yellow Contains yellow
marrow (mostly fat) marrow (mostly fat) in adultsin adults
Contains red Contains red marrow (for blood marrow (for blood cell formation) in cell formation) in infantsinfants
Figure 5.2a
Bone MarkingsBone Markings
Surface features of bonesSurface features of bones Sites of attachments for muscles, Sites of attachments for muscles,
tendons, and ligamentstendons, and ligaments Passages for nerves and blood vesselsPassages for nerves and blood vessels Categories of bone markingsCategories of bone markings
Projections and processes – grow out from Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surfacethe bone surface
Depressions or cavities – indentationsDepressions or cavities – indentations
Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone
Osteon (Haversian System)Osteon (Haversian System) A unit of boneA unit of bone
Central (Haversian) canalCentral (Haversian) canal Opening in the center of an osteonOpening in the center of an osteon Carries blood vessels and nervesCarries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating (Volkman’s) canalPerforating (Volkman’s) canal Canal perpendicular to the central canalCanal perpendicular to the central canal Carries blood vessels and nervesCarries blood vessels and nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone
Figure 5.3
Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone
LacunaeLacunae Cavities containing Cavities containing
bone cells bone cells (osteocytes)(osteocytes)
Arranged in Arranged in concentric ringsconcentric rings
LamellaeLamellae Rings around the Rings around the
central canalcentral canal Sites of lacunaeSites of lacunae
Detail of Figure 5.3
Microscopic Anatomy of Microscopic Anatomy of BoneBone
Canaliculi Canaliculi Tiny canalsTiny canals Radiate from the Radiate from the
central canal to central canal to lacunaelacunae
Form a transport Form a transport systemsystem
Detail of Figure 5.3