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Readings and Materials
Text: Health Psychology, 7th Ed., Taylor, S.E.
NJ Books, 167 University Ave.
Reader: Affordable Copies, 55 Halsey St.
PowerPoint Slides:
nwkpsych.rutgers.edu/~kharber/healthpsychology/
Health Psychology Defined
“Health psychology is devoted to understanding psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond when they get ill”. Taylor, p. 3
What are “Psychological Influences”?
What is “Health”?
Emotions Social RelationsThoughts StressControl over thoughts and feelings Personality/TemperamentHabits of action Communication
Disease free
Symptom free
Injury free
Physical well-being
Mental well-being
World Health Organization (WHO) Definition of Health
“A complete state of physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
History of Health
Era World View Knowledge Methods
Theories Mind/Body Beliefs
Tools and Treatments
Pre historic(up to 2000 BCE)
Nature is mysterious, dangerous, shaped by the supernatural.
ObservationOral traditionFaith-based
Spirit world Mind and body are inter-connected
herbs, poultices,trephination
Greeks & Romans600 BCE to 300 CE
World is ordered and rational
ObservationLogicAssociation
Categories and elementsHumoral theory
Mind and body are interconnected:
Potions, herbs, diet
Dark/Middle Ages400 CE to 1500 CE
World a battle between good and evil.
Bible God's will, satanic influence
Mind and body are interconnected
Torture, prayer
Modern Era1700 to present
World ordered, knowable; separation of rational / spiritual.Dualism
Empiricism Cellular,mechanistic
Mind and body are separate
Modern medicines;microscopes, scanners, X-Ray
Limitations on Pre-Science Understanding of Health
Pre-science medicine lacked basic tools for seeing, recording, measuring.
International Trephination Advocacy Group (ITAG)
The hypothesis here at ITAG has been that making a opening in the skull favorably alters movement of blood through the brain and improves brain functions which are more important than ever before in history to adapt to an ever more rapidly changing world.
Stone Age Migraine
Primitive patient: Doc, I get these horrendous headaches. First I see flashing lights, then I hear this pounding, then it feels like a mastodon is standing on my skull.
Primitive MD: Hmmm. Let’s see. Yep, that sounds like a classic case of acute evil spirits.
Primitive Patient: Is this serious?
Primitive MD: Very serious. Fortunately, we have just the remedy for this condition. We’ll poke a small hole in the back of your head, and release the evil spirits. You’ll be your old self. This is called “trephining”
Primitive Patient: And is this covered by my insurance?
Humoral System
Body contains four circulating fluids:
Blood Yellow Bile
Black Bile Phlegm
Illness: Humors are out of balance. TX: Return balance of humors; bleeding
Personality linked to humors.
Phlegmatic
Sanguine (blood)
Bilious (bile)
Mild, calm, thoughtfulWarm, passionate, cheerfulIll-tempered, crabby
Placebos have:
a. Lowered blood sugar in diabeticsb. Shrunken tumors in cancer patientsc. Relieved post-operative paind. Reduced cholesterol and mortality among
cardiac patients.e. Leads to withdrawal symptoms of
chemical dependence.
Power of the Placebo
Separation of Powers and the Power of Separations
Separate Domains of Learning: Sciences, philosophy, theology
Separation of Church and State
Separation of Powers (US Constitution): Executive, Legislative, Judiciary
Separations of Mind and Body
De Carte: Dualism, mind and body are separate
Spinoza: Emotions are irrational, keep separate from reason
0102030405060708090
100
"No-Throb" Placebo No Meds
Pe
rce
nt
of
Pa
in R
eli
ef
Placebo in Drug Trials
Placebo can account for more than 30% of analgesic efficacy
Biomedical Model Vs. Biopsychosocial Model
Biomedical Model Biopsychosocial Model
Reductionist Macro-level as well as mirco-levelSingle factor Multiple factorsAssumes mind-body dualism Mind and body inseparableEmphasizes illness over health Emphasizes both health and illness
Topics Covered in This Class1. Introduction
2. Physiological Systems (two classes)
3. Symptoms
4. Pain (two classes)
5. Stress (two classes)
6. Psychoneuroimmunology
7. Denial, optimism, pessimism, and coping
8. Hostility, negative affect, and depression
9. Adjustment to negative events
10. Coping through personal disclosure
Topics Covered in This Class (cont.)11. Collective coping
12. Social relations and health
13. Negative social support
14. Stigma and illness
15. Being a patient
16. The patient/provider relationship
17. Management of chronic illness
18. Hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
19. AIDS and cancer
20. Mortality and body attitudes
21. Health-enhancing behaviors (two classes)
a. Mid-term 40%b. Final 45%c. Project 15%
Grading
NOTE: Syllabus error—no extra credit for “participation”. Sorry!
House Rules
1. Show up on time—15 + min late = absent
2. Cell phones, electronics off at start of class
3. No texting during class—ever
4. Texting during test—automatic F
5. Drinks OK, food not OK.