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Health Sciences and Practice &Medicine Dentistry and Veterinary MedicineHigher Education Academy Subject Centres
eLearning in Health 2011 conferencecollaboration, sharing and sustainability in the current environment
Electronic Assessment in Dental Radiology - Past, Present & Future
Presenters
• Donald Thomson– School of Dentistry, University of Dundee (
www.dundee.ac.uk/dentalschool) – Email: [email protected]
• John Kleeman– Questionmark (www.questionmark.com)– Twitter : @johnkleeman– Email: [email protected]
• David Walker– Library and Learning Centre, University of Dundee (
www.dundee.ac.uk/library) – Twitter : @drdjwalker– Email: [email protected]
Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology
• Dental Specialty
• Specialise in radiology of teeth, jaws and adjacent structures
Dental Radiology in the UK : 11 million / year
Radiology in Dental Curriculum
• 3rd year BDS
• Radiation physics, radiation protection, radiography, radiological anatomy
• Examination – must be passed
Previous exam format
• Written paper of 2 hours duration
• Mixture of T/F and short answer style questions
Concerns with paper exams
• Lack of consistency in marking
• Feedback from candidates
• Inability to include actual radiographs
• The task of marking
October 2006
• Attended a study day organised by the University of Dundee focused on Education
• Presentation by Dr David Walker on e-learning and assessment
• Started a discussion about piloting online version of examination
Disadvantages of electronic format
• Considerable amount of work to set up
• No “free text”
• Some questions are difficult to transfer to this format
Colleague concerns
• Is it easier? – “answer in front of candidate”
• Exam shorter (1 hour on computer; 2 hours on paper)
• Is understanding being assessed?
Radiological anatomy and quality assessments – can use real images not line diagrams
Drag and Drop not previously possible
This is a periapical radiograph of maxillary molars and premolars.From the selection of words below, drag and drop the correct label to identify the radiographic feature:
EnamelCaries DentineZygomaPulp
Nasal cavity Maxillary sinusCalculus
Drawing questions more difficult to adapt
Ways around inability to draw
In this question, the blue line represents dental radiographic film and the yellow lines the incident X-ray beam.
Select the diagram which demonstrates the relationship of the tooth, beam and film for bisecting angle periapical radiograph.
What’s happening now?
• First exam was in February 2009 • Examination + resit every year (100 students / year)• Continuous evolution – try and write some new
questions for each semester• Used elsewhere
– University of the Highlands and Islands– University of Aberdeen
Advantages of computer exams
• Speed of results & reduced time to mark
• Giving feedback easier
• Students happier (via interviewing students)
• Colleagues happy
POSSIBLE FUTURE USE OF OBSERVATIONAL ASSESSMENTS
Observational assessment vs. ‘traditional’ quiz, test or exam
Typical workflow for “observer”
Observational assessments
• Benefits of doing on-screen vs paper– Saves time and money as no need to scan/transcribe– Results online instantly– Computer manages workflow– Participant gets feedback online– No illegible handwriting!
Can we computerize dental OSCEs?
• Existing paper-based OSCE form at Dundee Dental School
• Inexpensive, very portable Internet-connected mobile devices are often ideal for delivering online observational assessments
Mobile devices
The same assessment that is delivered on traditional laptop can be delivered via a handheld mobile device such as iPad, iPhone or Android phone/tablet
Your questions