Heat Action Plan · IMD- According to IMD, Heat wave need not be considered till the maximum...

2019

Heat Action Plan

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Standard Operating Procedure for Heat Wave in Gorakhpur

Published: May 2019

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Gorakhpur

Supervisory Guidance: Developed under the guidance of Mr. Vidhan Jaiswal (ADM-Finance & Revenue/CEO of

DDMA) & Mr. K. Vijayendra Pandian (District Magistrate-Gorakhpur/Chairman of DDMA) .

Research, Editing & Development: Ankur Gupta, Gautam Gupta & Saquib Khan of DDMA-Gorakhpur, Uttar

Pradesh.

This document solely mentions the efforts that can contribute in mitigation of heat wave in the vicinity of Gorakhpur.

The data mentioned in this report must not be plagiarized in any of the ways to elaborate the measures for mitigation

of Heat Wave.

Technical support from UNICEF, Uttar

Pradesh

URL:http://www.unicef.in/Uttar-

Pradesh

DDMA

District Disaster Management

Authority, Gorakhpur

Email: [email protected]

URL:

https://gorakhpur.nic.in/disaster-

management/

https://gorakhpur.nic.in/disaster-management/

https://gorakhpur.nic.in/disaster-management/

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Table of Contents Table of Figures .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

Heat wave ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Need for the Heat Wave Action Plan (HAP) ................................................................................................................ 8

Aim of the Heat Wave Action Plan of Gorakhpur ....................................................................................................... 9

Impact of the Heat Wave on Livelihood or Homo-Sapiens ....................................................................................... 10

Impact of the Heat Wave on Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 10

Components of HAP .................................................................................................................................................. 10

Precautionary measures for citizens of Gorakhpur [8] ................................................................................................. 11

What to do in Heat Stroke: ....................................................................................................................................... 11

Strengthening of HAP [8] .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Roles & responsibilities of Stakeholder ........................................................................................................................ 12

Indian Meteorological Department .......................................................................................................................... 13

Pre-heat Season (January–February) .................................................................................................................... 13

During-heat season (March-July) .......................................................................................................................... 13

District Disaster Management Authority, Gorakhpur ............................................................................................... 14

Pre-heat Season (January –February) ................................................................................................................... 14

During-heat season (March –July) ........................................................................................................................ 14

Post-heat season (July-December)........................................................................................................................ 14

Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur ........................................................................................................................ 15

Pre-heat Season (January –February) ................................................................................................................... 15



NIC, Press & Electronics media ................................................................................................................................. 17


During-heat season (March – July) ....................................................................................................................... 17


Health department & Medical Professional .............................................................................................................. 18




ICDS, Gorakhpur ....................................................................................................................................................... 20


During-heat waves (March-July) ........................................................................................................................... 20

Post-heat waves .................................................................................................................................................... 20

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Education department, Gorakhpur ........................................................................................................................... 21



Post-heat season (July- December) ....................................................................................................................... 22

Panchayat Raj Department ....................................................................................................................................... 22



Post-heat season (July- December) ....................................................................................................................... 23

Labor Department .................................................................................................................................................... 24




Industrial department & GIDA .................................................................................................................................. 25




Transport & Tourism ................................................................................................................................................. 27




Animal Husbandry .................................................................................................................................................... 28

Pre-heat season (January-February) ..................................................................................................................... 28



Electricity department .............................................................................................................................................. 30

Pre-heat season (January-February) ..................................................................................................................... 30



Department of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forest department ................................................................................ 31

Pre-heat season (January-February) ...................................................................................................................... 31


Post-heat season (July-December) ........................................................................................................................ 31

Jal Nigam................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Pre-heat wave period (January-February) ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

During heat waves (March-July) ........................................................................................................................... 32

Post-heat wave (July-December) .......................................................................................................................... 32

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Innovative measures to combat the heat wave ............................................................................................................ 33

Planting shade trees on the western & eastern side of the structures ..................................................................... 33

Closure of Blinds ....................................................................................................................................................... 34

Facilitation of Cross Ventilation in the home ............................................................................................................ 34

Planting Indoor plants............................................................................................................................................... 34

Usage of right fabric inside the houses ..................................................................................................................... 35

Use blackout curtains ............................................................................................................................................... 35

Usage of cool lighting................................................................................................................................................ 36

Application of white paint/reflective tiles on the top floor ...................................................................................... 36

Usage of AWNINGS (PIC) .......................................................................................................................................... 36

Energy Saving Films for Window (PIC) ...................................................................................................................... 37

DIY Air Conditioner ................................................................................................................................................... 37

Annexure 1: Municipal Corporation, Gorakhpur .......................................................................................................... 38

Annexure 2: Health department & Medical Professionals ............................................................................................ 39

Annexure 3: ICDS, Gorakhpur ....................................................................................................................................... 41

Annexure 4: Education Department, Gorakhpur .......................................................................................................... 42

Annexure 5: Panchayat Raj departments ..................................................................................................................... 44

References .................................................................................................................................................................... 45

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Table of Figures

Figure 1: Dominated upside variation in minimum temperature of the Sadar area of Gorakhpur & rest of the

Gorakhpur recorded by Climate Cell ............................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 2: Deaths due to the heat wave in India from 2010-2018 [15] ............................................................................ 8

Figure 3: AWS installed at Tehsil-SADAR of Gorakhpur .................................................................................................. 9

Figure 4: Operability chart for SOP on heat wave ......................................................................................................... 12

Figure 5: Benefits of plantation done at Outdoor [9] ................................................................................................... 34

Figure 6: Cross Ventilation[12] ..................................................................................................................................... 34

Figure 7: Indoor Plants .................................................................................................................................................. 35

Figure 8: White rooftops to enable the reflection of sunlight [15] ............................................................................... 36

Figure 9: Awnings [18] .................................................................................................................................................. 37

Figure 10: DIY AC [19] ................................................................................................................................................... 37

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Executive Summary

Climate change is the most challenging issue of the 21st century as climate change not only in India but also

across the world is majorly responsible for increasing the global average temperature and causing an

extremely erratic rainfall creating unfavorable conditions for humans to live with. India is the sixth largest

GHGs emitter of the world as Greenhouse gas emissions from India contribute extensively to global

warming leading to climate change. Few most effective variable of Climate Change Adaptation :

1. Identification of the vulnerable areas through HRVA technique.

2. Capacity building of the stakeholders (laying down the actions for strengthening of governance to

deal with the climate change).

3. Confrontation of Climate Change by making ways for rehabilitating or relocating a vulnerable

community.

4. Measures to strengthen the response to deal with a severe climatological event.

India submitted an INDC in UNFCC’s Paris Agreement, which is a benchmark that can be achieved by 2030

with the incorporation of research & advocacy in the area of climate change & disaster risk reduction [2].

Major aspects of INDC submitted by India are -

Reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level.

Achieve 40 % percent of electric power from an installed capacity of non-fossil fuel based energy

resources by 2030 with the help of technology transfer and low-cost international finance.

Create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of equivalent through an additional

forest and tree cover by 2030.

Integration of Climate change adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction is the most promising step that can

effectively monitor & control the greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor,

CFC, HCFC, freon, oxides of nitrogen & sulfur, and can help in achieving the target of Paris Agreement,

2015 for limiting the global temperature rise to .above preindustrial level for this century. Severe heat

waves from the month of March till July signifies the presence of GHGs present in the atmosphere of the

urbanised area.

Heat wave

Heat wave is a condition when the abnormally maximum temperature in a region exceeds the normal

maximum temperature, majorly in the northern India during the summer season.

IMD- According to IMD, Heat wave need not be considered till the maximum temperature in the plain

region reaches 40 degree centigrade, 37 or more for coastal regions & 30 degree centigrade or more for hilly

regions.

WMO- According to World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Heat wave is said to have occurred when

the daily maximum temperature in a region exceeds the normal maximum temperature of that region by 5

degree centigrade for 5 consecutive days.

Probable period of occurrence of heat waves is mid-march to June & may extend to July

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Heat Wave is said to have occurred when the maximum temperature in a region exceeds 45 degree

centigrade for a minimum of 2 days or more.

Based on Departure from Normal

Heat Wave: Departure from normal is 4.5°C to 6.4°C

Severe Heat Wave: Departure from normal is >6.4°C

Based on Actual Maximum Temperature (for plains only)

Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥ 45°C

Severe Heat Wave: When actual maximum temperature ≥47°C

To declare heat wave, the above criteria should be met at least in 2 stations in a Meteorological sub-division

for at least two consecutive days, and it will be declared on the second day [1].

In addition to the above, Climate Forecast System based forecasts maps of daily maximum temperatures and

their departures from normal for the next 21 days (issued every Thursday) are also available on IMD

website. [3, 4]

Table 1: Criteria for a heat wave as per IMD [1]

Green Alert No action

required

Maximum temperatures are

near normal

No precautionary

action required

Yellow Alert (Be

updated)

Heat wave

alert

Conditions likely to persist

for 2 days.

Tolerable temperature

for general public &

moderate concern for

infants, pregnant

women, elderly people

with chronic disease.

Orange Alert

(Be Prepared)

Severe heat

alert for the

day

Severe heat wave condition

may persist for 2 days or if

longer then may persist for 4

days.

High temperature,

increase the likelihood

of heat illness &

higher concern for

infants, pregnant

women, elderly people

with chronic disease.

Avoid heat exposure

& drink a substantial

amount of water to

avoid dehydration.

Red Alert

(Take Action)

Extreme heat

alert for the

day

Severe heat wave may persist

for 2 days.

Total number of heat/ severe

heat wave days likely to

exceed 6 days.

High likelihood of

developing heat illness

& heat stroke in all

ages.

Extreme care needed

for vulnerable people.

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Need for the Heat Wave Action Plan (HAP)

UNFCC Paris Agreement, 2015 identified objective was to limit the global temperature rise to C by this

century below pre-industrial levels, which would substantially reduce the risks of climate change. According

to various published news report & article, Gorakhpur is one of the most polluted cities of UP (City having

pollution level even more than Lucknow) having a concentration of (the most significant pollutant

responsible for causing respiratory and cardiac problems) as 225 as per the report of Climate

Agenda Group in which is more than 4 times of the permissible level of 60 as prescribed by Indian

standards [5, 6, 7].

Figure 1: Dominated upside variation in minimum temperature of the Sadar area of Gorakhpur & rest of the Gorakhpur recorded by Climate Cell

An upside variation in minimum temperature of the Sadar (Subdivision of Gorakhpur)can be observed when

compared with the overall minimum temperature of district Gorakhpur & the same is continuously being

deduced from the recorded values of AWS. The above graph implicates that amount of greenhouse gases, or

atmospheric pollutants present in the Sadar sub-division of Gorakhpur are higher when compared to the rest

of the Gorakhpur. Also, Gorakhpur in its past had experienced severe variations in the rainfall pattern.

Gorakhpur is a district of Uttar Pradesh having an area of 3483.8 . Population of Gorakhpur as per 2011

census is 44,36,275 having urban population as 8,34,370 & rural population as 36,01,905. Total number of

males and females present in Gorakhpur as per 2011 census is 22,81,783 & 21,54,512 respectively.

Figure 2: Deaths due to the heat wave in India from 2010-2018 [15]

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1-M

ar-1

9 2-

Mar

-19

3-M

ar-1

9 4-

Mar

-19

5-M

ar-1

9 6-

Mar

-19

7-M

ar-1

9 8-

Mar

-19

9-M

ar-1

9 10

-Mar

-19

11-M

ar-1

9 12

-Mar

-19

13-M

ar-1

9 14

-Mar

-19

15-M

ar-1

9 16

-Mar

-19

17-M

ar-1

9 18

-Mar

-19

19-M

ar-1

9

Variation in Minimum temperature difference(◦C)

Variation in Minimum temperature difference(◦C)

269 12

729

1433

548

2081

700 375

20 0

1000

2000

3000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Deaths

Deaths

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India being an equatorial country is severely exposed to heat waves during the season heat wave (March-

July). Major states & UT of India exposed to heat waves are Odisha, Telangana, Bihar, Maharashtra,

Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Haryana, Delhi & Uttar Pradesh. Major areas of UP

possessing a risk to heat waves are Allahabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Bareilly & Lucknow. The above figure

2 depicts the significant losses that India had gone through in the recent past due to heat waves.

IMD is the apex body for monitoring of weather and publishing information related to daily weather

conditions. As it is a well-known fact that lesser is the domain of area being studied, better is the

understanding of the area being studied. Gorakhpur district in its past suffered a lot due to unprecise weather

predictions and adverse weather conditions such as Cyclone- Hudhud (2014), Unprecedented rainfall of

2014, Floods, 2017. After considering the previous chain of the events and getting into the depth for

exploring the solution for accurate weather predictions, Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) is installed in

the collectorate of Gorakhpur to monitor the weather-related events in & around the periphery of Gorakhpur.

Installation of AWS was the very initial initiative of Climate Cell of

DDMA-Gorakhpur & the same is being used for regular issuance of

adverse weather advisories. Weather advisories are frequently being

uploaded on the NIC portal of Gorakhpur & in case of any forthcoming

extreme weather events; weather forecast is immediately disseminated to

identified major stakeholders such as-

Chief Medical Officer, Gorakhpur

Sub-Divisional Magistrates of Gorakhpur

Chief Veterinary Officer, Gorakhpur

Chief Agriculture Officer, Gorakhpur

District Information officer, Gorakhpur

In response to the above-issued forecast, a response report is submitted by

stakeholders regarding damage caused in their specific domain. Now the integration of monitored

atmospheric variables & IMD’s forecast can be effectively utilized for issuance of weather-based advisories

in Gorakhpur & the same can be implemented in a widespread manner provided that implementation of the

same gets integrated with an action plan.

Aim of the Heat Wave Action Plan of Gorakhpur

Development of a dynamic early warning dissemination network for the creation of alertness among the

communities based on heat wave related forecast issued by IMD. IMD regularly disseminates the daily 5

day weather forecast for heat waves during heat season, which needs immediate action in the case of any

severity.

Entrusting stakeholders with responsibilities for enabling communities to combat heat waves in

Gorakhpur by laying down the precise & focused responsibilities of various department as ‘What they will

be supposed to do in their domain within a pre-identified lead time?’ like provision for making heat wave

relief shelters & drinking water facilities by Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur & GIDA, effective

functioning of health facilities by hospitals & UHC in the affected community etc; for mitigation of the

aftermath of heat waves on vulnerable ones like children, pregnant women, elderly with chronic disorder &

differently abled .

Figure 3: AWS installed at Tehsil-SADAR of Gorakhpur

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Catalyzed preparedness of the schools & community level responders like Aapda Mitra by providing

them adequate training to give an immediate response by taking proper care of the vulnerable communities

living in their specific domain by doing a pre-preparation of data bank of vulnerable communities within

their domain, when preceded by early warning disseminated to them by usage of press media, electronic

media & social media.

Promoting adaptive & economical CCA related measures to combat heat waves in Gorakhpur by

suggesting the various techno-managerial type of innovative & economic measures to deal with the heat

waves & mitigate its aftermath on the exposed communities.

Formulation of a system for public outreach for the dissemination of forecast by involving the

enhanced usage of radio frequencies, text messages, NIC website of Gorakhpur, WhatsApp groups, letter &

fax to give an immediate response after receiving an early warning by DDMA Gorakhpur & Municipal

Corporation of Gorakhpur.

Impact of the Heat Wave on Livelihood or Homo-Sapiens

Heat waves being mostly generated due to adverse weather events are likely to affect the humans,

agriculture & livelihood adversely. The human body is highly susceptible to heat index which is obtained

after integration of dry bulb temperature with relative humidity.Human body is greatly affected by

convection & radiation modes of heat transfer. When the relative humidity is high, the the rate of

perspiration from the body decreases due to which the human body feels warmer in humid conditions.

Adaptive measures focusing on humans have been discussed comprehensively in this SOP. Though

acclimatization can only offer a limited level of protection to human beings but when implemented in a

planned way can act as Savior. Avoiding sun, physical exertion & resting in the cooler places are must

conditions to survive but for those who cant follow the regular precautionary measures like slum

communities, workers, children’s needs to be taken care of by administration of Gorakhpur.

Impact of the Heat Wave on Agriculture

Apart from the adverse impact of the heat wave on human beings, crop’s quality & quantity both are

affected adversely by the impact of a heat wave. There is a requirement of minimum temperature during the

nighttime for the certain plant to grow in an efficacious way with adequate quality/crop yield. Crops being

greatly affected by heat waves are Kharif and that too rice. When rice or Kharif crops get exposed to

variable rainfall with highly variable temperature during May-June, then their crop yield reduces. Kharif

crops are a major source of staple diets in some states of the country. Heat waves leads to the deaths of

certain flowering plants. Various strategies that may be adopted to mitigate the impact of heat wave are

Adoption of better water saving techniques.

Legume crops with increased tolerance to heat.

Changing seed pattern.

Awareness of farmers on schemes like Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema

Yojna (PMFBY), Soil Health Cards, Revenue Insurance Schemes for plantation crops, etc. followed

by implementation of it in their domain.

Components of HAP

Recognition of vulnerable groups

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Developing Interagency coordination among the stakeholders of HAP

Precise response planning addressing the mitigation of the aftermath of adverse health impacts due to

the heat wave.

Dissemination of precise early warning to the specified groups

Regularly updating the HAP preceded by its evaluation.

Precautionary measures for citizens of Gorakhpur [8]

As far as possible, avoid going out in the hot sun, especially between 12.00 P.M. and 4.00 P.M.

Wear light-colored, loose, cotton clothes. Use protective goggles, umbrella, cap, towel or cloth to

cover head, shoes, and chappals while going out in the sun.

Avoid strenuous activities in the scorching sun, when the outside temperature is high.

If you have to work outside, use a damp cloth or an umbrella to cover your head.

Eat light meals and fruits rich in water content like melons, cucumber, and citrus fruits.

Use home-made and traditional healthy beverages like lemon water, butter milk and juices etc.

Avoidance of excessive protein-rich food during heat season (March-July) like egg, chicken,

Almond, Yogurt, Cottage Cheese, etc.

Never leave children and pets alone in parked vehicles.

Keep animals in the shade and give them sufficient water to drink.

Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters or sunshade, etc. Open windows at night. Maintain

adequate ventilation.

Listen to local weather forecasts and be aware of upcoming temperature changes.

In case of illness and fainting, consult a doctor/ seek immediate medical help.

Avoid dehydration by drinking 3-3.5 liters of water per day for people working in open atmosphere

& for people exposed to AC should drink 2 to 2.5 liters of water per day.

Listening to daily weather news on electronic media & reding the same in the newspaper.

Remember all the motor /electricity/ fuel based equipment in the starting condition generate

substantial heat within the home. Avoid using the cooking & usage of electric appliances during heat

wave period & if using then allow space for cross ventilation.

What to do in Heat Stroke:

Get the person indoors or into a cool/shady area, make him lie down with feet slightly elevated.

Wipe the body with a damp cloth with a wet cloth or spray cold water to the skin.

Give the person ORS to drink, lemon water, salt-sugar solution or juice to re-hydrate the body.

Do not give anything to eat or drink to a person if he is not fully conscious.

Take the person to the nearest health center if symptoms do not improve in one hour.

Strengthening of HAP [8]

It is proposed that strengthening of the heat action plan can be carried out in the following phases

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Phase I- Mapping and documenting the current initiatives and activities undertaken against Heat

Waves

Phase II- Assessment of the magnitude of the Heat Wave related morbidity and mortality

Phase III- Determination of threshold values (thermo-hygrometric index) which cause Heat Wave

related adverse health outcomes and support IMD in developing an Early Warning System (EWS)

based on the threshold values.

Phase IV- Community vulnerability assessment to identify the most vulnerable sections of the

society to Heat Wave and suggest alternate models for resiliency building which are contextual.

Phase V- Strengthen the existing Heat action plan by incorporating the EWS, alternate livelihood

strategies for vulnerable populations and involvement of various stakeholders/ sectors to support in

the implementation of Heat action plan.

Phase VI- Review and update the Heat Action Plan annually by incorporating the EWS and inputs

of various stakeholders/ sectors and evaluate its implementation

Roles & responsibilities of Stakeholder

Figure 4: Operability chart for SOP on heat wave

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Indian Meteorological Department

Pre-heat Season (January–February)

Providing related meteorological data of Gorakhpur to NIC & DDMA, Gorakhpur & institutional

scholars pursuing research in the field of a heat wave for enhancing preparedness & mitigation in the

context of a heat wave.

During-heat season (March-July)

Issuance of precise early warning (email-based alert) of heat wave alert & disseminates it to the NIC

head.

Providing daily meteorological data of Gorakhpur to DDMA.

Actionable functions of IMD in the perspective of Heat Wave

Pre-heat season (January-February)

1. Promoting research of authories/scholars in the field of heat wave.


1. Dissemination of early warning to the stakeholders through bulk e-mail

2. Providing daily meteorlogcal data to DDMA

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District Disaster Management Authority, Gorakhpur

Pre-heat Season (January –February)

Prepare a list of the areas of the sub-divisions of Gorakhpur likely to get affected by the heat waves

and followed by identification of areas requiring more focused activities for heat prevention.

Organizing a preventive training programme & CBP in the exposed community to mitigate the

aftermath of a heat wave.

Developing ICT activities in coordination with stakeholder departments for spreading awareness on

precautionary measures to be adopted, by the distribution of IEC materials like posters, pamphlets,

bookmarks, etc. in schools, hospitals & professional associations.

During-heat season (March –July)

Monitoring the implementation of heat wave action plan on a daily basis

Develop a social media & SMS based alert system to disseminate the warning from DDMA to the

stakeholders ranging from DM to Gram Pradhan (DM, Municipal Commissioner, CMO & CMS of

the district, Press & electronic media, ICDS, Education department, PRIs, CEO of GIDA, labor

dept., NIC, Transport & tourism, Chief Veterinary Officer & heads of link departments.).

Issuance of precise directives to the concerned departments depending upon the criticality of the

situation for mitigation of heat wave apart from their defined SOP in HAP

Engage local agencies to facilitate efficacious dissemination of forecast of heat wave & internal

communication.

ADM (F/R) of Gorakhpur will be the nodal monitoring & implementing authority to manage heat

wave condition.

Holding of a daily conference call/ phone call with all the stakeholders regarding the progress of the

departments during heat alert & ensure operability of communication channel

Post-heat season (July-December)

Yearly impact evaluation of the plan based on the performance of all the stakeholders of district

administration followed by any revision, if needed.

Gratuitous relief in the form of ex-gratia payment of 4 lac rupees per person will be provided to the

family of deceased person after the authority gets satisfied on the basis of certificate mentioning the

cause of death as the heat wave.

Post the revised plan to the website of Gorakhpur. (www.gorakhpur.nic.in) & inform about the

updated changes to press & electronic media.

http://www.gorakhpur.nic.in/

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Actionable functions of DDMA-Gorakhpur in the perspective of Heat Wave

Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur

Pre-heat Season (January –February)

Identification of cooling centers such as doss houses, temples, roof covered public places, for

specific areas that would become active depending upon the heat alert.

Promotion of the concept of energy efficient building, green infrastructure, albedo paint on roofs &

reduction in the burning of fossil fuels.

Implementing the usage of mechanized building codes for accelerating the usage of energy saving

equipment in the building, green roof, etc. majorly in SADAR area of Gorakhpur which will

ultimately lead to absorption of pollutants by adequate plant leading to reduction of Greenhouse

gases within the atmosphere.

Provision of funds for in the departmental budget for capacity building.

Adequate plantation to minimize the exposure of heat wave.


Maintain close coordination with DDMA, Gorakhpur and keep following updates of IMD-Gorakhpur

for continuous surveillance of temperature forecast & prevailing weather.

Develop a social media (Whatsapp or Facebook) & SMS based alert system to disseminate the

warning to their departmental stakeholders, based on warning issued by IMD & disseminated by

NIC, Gorakhpur.

Pre-heat wave (January -February)

1. Risk mapping of Gorakhpur

2. Capacity bilding of exposed communities

3. Distribution of IEC among communities

Preparing & regularly Updating the HAP

During-heat wave (March-July)

1. Monitoring of atmospheric variable by Climate Cell of DDMA

2. Dissemination of forecast to the stakeholders by EOC on social media groups.

3. Monitoring the progress of stakeholders in accordance with HAP

4. Encouraging NGOs to engaze with

5. Engaze telecommunication companies s to catalyze early warning

Post-heat waves (July-December)

1. Impact evaluation of the plan

2. Uploading the revised plan on the NIC website of Gorakhpur

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Provision for arranging shaded areas for slums, vulnerable communities & outdoor workers of all the

concerned sub-divisions of Gorakhpur depending upon the exposed population. Ensure activation of

cooling centers like doss houses/heat wave relief shelters etc. remains open for all day, majorly for

the migratory population.

Setup public displays/electronic screens showing the value of temperature & other atmospheric

variables along with do’s & don’ts at busy public places & urbanized area within the Gorakhpur.

Regular monitoring of water requirement followed by immediately sorting out the issues related to

water scarcity in slums, rural areas & vulnerable communities by supplying water through tankers

into the affected communities.

Immediate suspension of insignificant usage of water being done in the entire district after making a

rigorous analysis of the same.

Arrangement for distribution of fresh drinking water to the vulnerable communities in the form of

pouches of water, pyau or water kiosks near the public concentrated places of various subdivisions of

Gorakhpur (Golghar of SADAR, Bank road of SADAR, Tehsil –Campierganj, Paidleganj of

SADAR, area near Khajini Police station, Kauriram chauraha in Bansgaon, Shajanwa station road

etc.) temples, mosque depending upon the issuance of heat alert.

Provision for delivering relief to the victims of heat waves by the opening of public parks during

peak hours of a heat wave.

Water supply in the slums by utilizing tanks.

Provision for making the announcement publicly through the public address system.


Promoting the greenery of the district by engaging student volunteers from the respective blocks or

schools for establishing tree plantation from June either by incentivizing the volunteers or by making

arrangements for awarding the best group/individual.

Discussion of suggested innovative measures mentioned in HAP among the communities/concerned

departments to deal with the heat waves.

Suggestion on the improvisation of SOP in the perspective of their identified role & responsibilities

while combating heat waves followed by implementing the revised HAP.

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Actionable functions of Municipal Corporation in the perspective of Heat Wave

NIC, Press & Electronics media


Developing methodology for catalyzing public outreach by publishing precautionary measures on the

cover page of newspaper focusing on prevailing atmospheric variables in Gorakhpur & measures to

be adopted for mitigation of heat wave impact based on suggestion of health department & details

mentioned in the SOP.

During-heat season (March – July)

Dissemination of early warning by IMD & do’s & don’ts on heat wave stakeholders & public

through radio frequencies/FM, newspapers, social media & regional news channel of Gorakhpur.

Development of a database of email by NIC for e-mailing the warning related alert to all the major

industrialist/employers, DM, Municipal commissioner, ADM, SDM of all the tehsils, CEO of GIDA,

CMO & CMS of the district, ICDS, Education department, PRIs, labor dept., Transport & tourism,

Chief Veterinary Officer & all the Gram Pradhan, MLAs & MP’s of Gorakhpur.


Assessment of the implemented heat action plan followed by participation in revision of the HAP

and thereby, reviewing & implementing the revised HAP.


1. Identification of cooling centers

2. Capacity bilding of exposed communities on albedo paint, green infrastructure/roof gardening & mechanized building codes.

3. Distribution of IEC among communities


1. Shades for slums & vulnerable communities

2. Dissemination of early warning to the departmental stakeholders on social media groups

3. Public display of atmospheric variables, do's & don'ts during heat wave at busy junctions

4. Drinking water facility in all sub-divisions & activation of pre-identified cooling cenetr facilities

5. Opening of public parks in peak hours

6. Catering shortfall of water in slums


1. Prmoting green infrastructure inthe district

2. Uploading the revised plan on the NIC website of Gorakhpur

3. Impact evaluation of implemented HAP & implenting revised HAP

18 | P a g e


Health department & Medical Professional


Distribution of image-based pamphlets, brochures, leaflets on awareness of the community on steps

for mitigation of heat stress by focusing mainly on urban poor or rural areas of Gorakhpur risk. Ex-

the pamphlet should contain the most fruitful info in an brief way accompanied by an image.

Capacity building programme of emergency health workers related to 108 emergency services &

Mobile Health Unit(MHU), paramedics, staffs of health centers, nurses, ward boy/ward girl, link

workers (ASHA worker, Aarogya Mitra) to deal with the heat wave.

Installation of adequate banners/ posters outside the PHC, SHC, CHC of Gorakhpur with banner

content as precautionary measures for a heat wave.

Identification of most of the health centers lying in severely heat wave affected areas through risk

mapping/any technique being used.

Heat shelters in hospitals or centers with an earmarked bed along with identified cooling space for

heat wave affected patient.

Adoption of heat focused examination procedures at health centers of the district.

Must dissemination of IEC about Do’s & Don’ts among the vulnerable communities regarding the

heat wave.


Ensure the readiness of the emergency ward in SHC, PHC, CHC & 108 emergency ambulances to

deal with the emergency cases.

Developing of social media groups on Whatsapp to immediately disseminate the information related

to alert to the concerned officials & field staff/link workers, on the basis on information conveyed by

IMD & disseminated by NIC, Gorakhpur.


1. Developing methodology for expanding public outreach


1. Dissemination of early warning to the stakeholders through bulk e-mail, Newspaper, FM & regional news channel

19 | P a g e

Distribution of soft plastic ice packs within the district by creating ice pack dispensaries for

providing the same to the selective & vulnerable groups at a subsidized cost.

Maintain sufficient supply of ORS & IV fluids in coordination with NGOs & CSR initiatives.

Increase staffing at the health centers of the most vulnerable regions of the district depending upon

the medical risk mapping of Gorakhpur.

Assigning a zonal heat officer to visit & audit the health centers within the district.


Organizing an epidemiological survey of the district to gather data & findings on account of

mortality & morbidity rate by organizing operational research-based studies & followed by submittal

of the simulated & signed report from the CMO of Gorakhpur to the DDMA, Gorakhpur.

Making an action plan for the next phase to mitigate the previous year’s aftermath of the heat wave

within the district followed by its effective implementation within the district.

Integration of identified & explored innovative measures in Heat Action Plan for the next phase.





1. Districbution of medical based Do's & Don'ts among communities.

2. Adoption of heat focused examination procedure

3. CBP of stakeholders on method to deal with patients


1. Adequate stock of ice packs, ORS ,IV fluid & medical supplies in the health centers .

2. Regular audit of of health centers by assigned officers

3. Furnish daily report of heat wave related patients to DDMA.

4. Dissemination of early warning to the stakeholders on social media groups.


1. Organizing an epidemeological services during red alert by IMD.

2. Impact evaluation of implemented HAP & implenting revised HAP

20 | P a g e

ICDS, Gorakhpur


Capacity building of communities (Gram Pradhan, Anganwadi workers with special focus on infants,

children below five years, pregnant, lactating mothers and geriatric population) by spreading

awareness among them on heat wave & its precautionary measures.

Distributions of IEC material like do’s & don’ts in the form of pamphlets issued by the department

of health & family welfare must be done among them.

Focused training of Anganwadi workers on the identification of health risks and its management

during heat waves.

Spreading awareness among vulnerable communities on impact of heat waves like dehydration, heat

cramp, heat strokes, etc. accompanied by the method of prevention.

During-heat waves (March-July)

Provision of drinking water and first aid, adequate stockpiling of ORS & IV fluids at all the

Anganwadi Centers, old age homes, Child Care Institutions (CCIs).

Developing of social media groups on Whatsapp to immediately disseminate the information related

to alert to the concerned officials & field staff/link workers, based on information conveyed by IMD

& disseminated by NIC, Gorakhpur.

If needed, provision for saving buttermilk must be made in Anganwadi centers instead of milk during

summer season.

Anganwadi must become functional immediately during the summer after issuance of an alert issued

by IMD & disseminated by NIC for acting as a cooling center. Provision for staggered leaves must

be planned for Anganwadi helpers/supervisors.

Anganwadi timing to be rescheduled to avoid peak heat hours.

Avoidance of outdoor activities during peak hours of a heat wave (12:00 pm to 04:00 pm) by

engaging children indoors.

Post-heat waves



21 | P a g e


Education department, Gorakhpur


Efficacious capacity building of school staff who will trickle down their training to school children

on the basis of child friendly training.

Distribution of IEC materials among children like bookmarks mentioning the do’s & don’ts in the

context of heat waves & using posters, pamphlets within the premises of schools to disseminate the

info regarding heat waves.

Adoption of Indoor & Outdoor plants as recommended by DDMA, Gorakhpur for mitigation of

atmospheric pollutants.

Issuing directives to the schools for Albedo painting on school roofs.

Promote School Safety Plan & encourage Plantation of trees and promote green campus by

encouraging plantation of trees, kitchen gardening & roof gardening within the campus.


Avoidance of outdoor physical activities during summer & provision for the creation of cool & fresh

drinking water.


1. Districbution of medical based Do's & Don'ts among stakeholders in perspective of heat wave.

2. CBP of stakeholders liek Gram pradhan, anganwadi workerson, SHG etc

3.Tainining of Anganwadi on diagnosing health risk


1. Adequate stock of ORS & IV fluid in anganwai centers & CCI.

2. Activation of anganwadi summer by planning staggered leaves for workers.

3. Rescheduling of anganwadi during peak heat hours.

4. Dissemination of early warning to stakeholders (Anganwadi, SHGs, SEWA etc.) on social media groups.

5. Anganwadi can be used as cooling center in summer


1 Impact evaluation of implemented HAP & implementing the revised HAP

22 | P a g e

Reschedule school timing (07:00 am to 11:00 am) in heat wave prone villages, block, and district

during summer especially for preschoolers (4-6 years) & school-aged child (6-10 years), to

minimize their exposure to the heat wave.

Scheduling of examination of preschoolers (4-6 years) & school-aged child (6-10 years) before the

period of heat waves.

Dissemination of Early warning issued by IMD & disseminated by NIC to all the concerned

stakeholders by utilizing social media like What Sapp.

Ensure a supply of water for students and teachers if the school is functioning. ii. If school is not

functioning, permit the use of school premises as a shelter during day time.

Post-heat season (July- December)



Encourage plantation of trees within the campus.

Actionable functions of the Education department in the perspective of Heat Wave

Panchayat Raj Department


Capacity building programme on the impact of Heat wave & method for prevention organized by

RIRD, Gorakhpur for Gram Pradhan, link workers, Aapda Mitra, lekhpals & school staff.

Identify the vulnerable area & most vulnerable population by utilizing the skills of Gram Pradhan,

link workers & 200 trained Aapda Mitras of Gorakhpur.

Sensitization among the vulnerable population communities about heat wave impact.


1. Districbution of IEC like bookmarks on Do's & Don'ts among the stakeholders.

2. CBP of stakeholders like school staff & children.

3. Adoption of plants & Green Infrastructure for mitigation of air pollution

4. Promoting school safety plan & albedo paints on school roofs.


1. Avoidance of physical activities during summer by rescheduling schools & placing fresh water in schools.

2. Prescheduling of school timing & examination of pre-schoolers & school aged child.


1. Encourage plantation of trees within the campus.

2. Impact evaluation of implemented HAP & implementing the revised HAP

23 | P a g e

Public announcement and distribution of leaflets/pamphlets about the do’s and don’ts on heat wave.

Capacity building of farmers of the specific region to do the cropping depending upon the suitability

of weather & utilize govt. Schemes like PMFBY, soil health cards, etc.

Restoration of ponds, artificial lakes for enhancing the cooling of the environment by evaporation.


Provision for providing cooling centers in temples, community halls, schools & Panchayat Bhawan.

Restructuring the workable hours (hours to minimize the exposure of workers during 12:00 pm to

04:00 pm) by the adoption of flexible working hours for an employee under MGNREGA act.

Dissemination of Early warning issued by IMD & disseminated by NIC to the concerned Gram

Pradhan, Lekhpals, link workers, SHG, SEWA & Aapda Mitras, by creating a data bank of all the

concerned stakeholders for disseminating information by utilizing social media like What Sapp.

Supply of fresh water & shade nets at required places.

Provision for providing tube wells, water kiosks, & water tankers at strategic locations followed by

adequate monitoring of the same to deal with any obstruction in relief work.

Post-heat season (July- December)



Actionable functions of PRIs in the perspective of Heat Wave


1. Districbution of IEC like like Do's & Don'ts among the stakeholders.

2. CBP of selective Gram pradhans, Aapda Mitra, ASHA, Anganwadi, farmers, school staff Lekhpals by RIRD.

3. Restoration of ponds & lakes


1. Rescheduling workable hours of MGNREGA employees to avoid peak heat hours.

2. Providing colling shelters & arranging fresh water facilities in Anganwadi centers, temples, community halls, mosque & schools, panchayat bhawan.

3. Supply of fresh water & shade net s at required places.

4.Dissemination of early warning to the departmental stakeholders on social media platform.



24 | P a g e

Labor Department


Preparation of high-risk map of the region having with the workers exposed to the outer atmosphere.

Also, distribution of IEC material must be done majorly among the labors to mitigate the aftermath

of heat waves among the labors.

Capacity building of employers, employee, indoor & outdoor labor regarding the impact of a heat

wave followed by spreading awareness among them on adoptable measures to mitigate the impact.

Enforce relevant labor laws to lessen the exposure of workforce to heat wave & if gets affected then

enforce it in a way that incurs NIL/minimal expense of the labor for treatment of his/her in case he

gets affected during the tenure of his work — providing adequate health insurance to workers.


Encourage employer to minimize the exposure of outdoor workers during peak hours (12:00 pm to

04:00 pm).

Develop a social media (WhatsApp) & SMS based alert system to disseminate the warning to their

departmental stakeholders like factory medical officers, contractor & neighborhood communities,

etc. for ensuring an efficacious response based on warning issued by IMD & disseminated by NIC.

Provision for providing emergency ice packs to the construction workers.

Clean & safe drinking water must be provided at the place exposed to the heat wave.

Ensure provision of shelters/cooling areas & emergency medicines like ORS, IV fluids, etc. at work

site by employers.




25 | P a g e

Actionable functions of Labor dept. in the perspective of Heat Wave

Industrial department & GIDA

Industries are the major sources of pollution within a region as they are one of the largest contributors of

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which can absorb the heat thereby leading to an increase in

temperature. Greenhouse gases are mostly released due to the burning of fossil fuels, and the same is being

majorly used by the industries as their source of fuel. Hence, it becomes the prime responsibilities of

industries to contribute & join hands with the stakeholders to make their life of neighborhood communities

appeasing & healthy. Most of the industries of Gorakhpur are lying in GIDA, and so GIDA has been focused

greatly on the development of SOP for Industries to combat heat waves.


GIDA should prepare a high-risk map of their overall area based on regions having industries with a

greater amount of labors working in the roofless atmosphere within its boundaries.

Provision for construction of at least an emergency A/C relief chamber in industries having a

minimum of 1 worker exposed to more than 2 hours in peak hours of the outer atmosphere within the

boundaries of industries.


1. Risk mapping of workers exposed to open atmosphere

2. CBP of employee, employer & worker

3.Enforce an effective labor law for welfare of health of workers


1. Rescheduling workable hours of employees to avoid peak heat hours.

2. Providing cooling shelters & safe drinking water to workers .

3. Dissemination of early warning to departmental stakeholders on social media platform.

4. Providing emergency ice pack & needed medical supplies for construction workers



26 | P a g e

Each industry should prepare a list of factory medical officials, contractors & house side workers to

include in the channel for dissemination of early warning for giving an effective response towards

the community.

CBP of factory medical officials, contractors & house side workers.


Adoption of measures to mitigate the heat wave by settling of water kiosk even at locations outside

the plant/industry followed by regular monitoring of their working condition, purity & water level

present within it.

Provision for water sprinkling within & around the premises of industries.

Creation of measures for temporary heat-relief shelters after receiving the orange alert from IMD,

Gorakhpur.



NIC.


Provision of funds for heat wave management.

Assessment of the implemented heat action plan followed by participation in the revision of HAP


27 | P a g e

Actionable works of GIDA in the perspective of a heat wave

Transport & Tourism


Capacity building of drivers & conductors on the realization of the severity of heat waves followed

by immediate measures to be adopted for providing relief to the passengers.


Provision for creating bus stop at the temporarily created relief shelters (crowded shelters) on the

advice of municipal corporation of Gorakhpur, after receiving heat alert related warning from

DDMA, Gorakhpur & press & electronic media., during heat waves.



NIC.

Provision of fresh drinking water (1 glass & 4 jars of 20 liters each provided that jars must be fully

covered with wetted jute bag & the same bag must be wetted at the start of every trip of the bus), first

aid & adequate stockpiling of ORS & IV fluids in all the buses being run for common public

including school buses. Also, ORS & IV fluids must be present in an adequate amount at the tourist

places.


1. Risk mapping of industries & industrial employees majorly exposed to open atmosphere

2. CBP of factory medical officials, contractors & house side workers

3.Construction of an emergency A/C relief chamber for workes exposed to open atmosphere.


1. Rescheduling workable hours of employees to avoid peak heat hours.

2. Providing colling shelters & water kiosks for employees.

3. Water sprinkling within & around the premises of industry




2. Provision of fund for heat wave management.

28 | P a g e

Restriction of tourist spot for tourist during peak heat hours from April to June as they may face the

adverse impact of heat wave instantaneously because they may not be acclimatized with Indian

weather.

Restriction of a bus plying times during peak hour & provision of cool resting spaces at bus stops,

water kiosk on highways.

Display of heat wave related precautionary measures for passengers & tourist during summer/heat

wave period at the buses, bus-stops & tourist places respectively.




Actionable works of GIDA in the perspective of a heat wave

Animal Husbandry


IEC activities to save the cattle & poultry during the heat by the distribution of pamphlets among

livestock farmers & animal management teams during heat wave conditions.

Provision for constructing vats near water tanks or tube wells for providing drinking water to nearby

roaming animals.

CBP of farmers, cattle & poultry owner on the adverse impact of a heat wave on their animals

followed by training of them on adoptable precautionary measures to safeguard their animals.


1. Capacity building of drivers & conductorss on realization of sverity of health risks, identification of health risk & adoptable precautionary neasures.


1. Creating temporary bus stop near temporarily created crowded relief shelters.

2. Provision for fresh drinking water into the bus.


4.Restriction of tourist spot during heat waves period.



29 | P a g e


Preparation of plans to provide drinking water for cattle in case of an orange alert issued by NIC &

district EOC to Chief Veterinary Officer. Recharging ponds/water bodies for providing drinking

water to wild life.

Thorough check of available inventory of medical supplies with veterinary centers, under the

supervision of Chief Veterinary Officer.

Dissemination of early warning to all the major livestock farmers & poultry owners of all the 7 sub-

divisions of Gorakhpur, by creating a social media & text message-based platform under the

supervision of CVO, based on warning issued by IMD disseminated by NIC

Displaying pamphlets & posters at busy crowdy places on the precautionary measures to be taken for

animal care during a heat wave by installing the same in villages & at the road junctions of the city.

Ensure frequent monitoring of villages during a heat wave by a field officer of the veterinary

department.

Construct water trough for animals in a strategic location.




Actionable works of Animal husbandry in the perspective of a heat wave


1. IEC distribution among livestock farmers & cattle owners.

2. CBP of farmers, cattle & poultry owner.

3.Construction of vats near tanks or tube well


1.Dissemination of early warning to departmental stakeholders on social media platform.

2. Frequent monitoring of villages by audit officer during heat wave

3. Construction of water trough for animals at strategic locations

4.Recharging water/pond for providing drinking water to cattle



30 | P a g e

Electricity department


Capacity building of people on energy conservation

Measures for providing IEC on do’s & don’ts on energy conservation on the backside of electricity

bill provided to house/industry owners.

Develop a policy for power cuts depending on vulnerable areas (slums) and population.


Audit to check the electricity theft of the identified & suspected communities transparently must take

place in the evening, under the supervision of meter reading collector/any employees designated by

Electricity dept., which will ultimately reduce the requirement of load shedding.

Dissemination of early warning to departmental stakeholders on the social media platform.

Development of policy for ensuring continuous power supply to critical infrastructure such as

hospitals, Jails, Veterinary hospitals, schools, etc.

Load shedding must take place during non-peak heat waves period (load shedding in critical

infrastructure must not take place between 12:00 pm to 04:00 pm).




Actionable works of electricity dept. in the perspective of a heat wave


1. Economical IEC distribution on bill paper among the stakeholders

2. CBP of people on energy conservation


1.Planned audit to check the electrivity theft in evening hours.

2. Develop policy for continuous power supply to critical infrastructures like hospitals.

3. Load shedding should take place in non-peak hours




31 | P a g e

Department of Agriculture, Horticulture & Forest department


Promotion of Indoor plants by Horticulture dept. followed by the promotion of outdoor plants by

GDA in the city & by forest dept. in rural areas, which play a key role in the mitigation of

atmospheric pollution contributing to Global warming. Also, agriculture dept. should spread

awareness on measures for mitigating agriculture fire

CBP of communities on the adoption of planned green infrastructure at home & public premises.

Policy planning & implementation of the same for mitigating water scarcity in the forest for animals.

Issuance of directives for Zoo Authorities for special arrangements for the animals in the zoo to

protect them from the effect of Heat Wave.


Directives for provision of water to human habitations facing water scarcity inside reserved forests.

Continuous monitoring of forest to avoid forest fires.

Promote rainwater harvesting €




Provision of funds for Heat Wave management.



1. Promotion of indoor & ourdoor plants

2. CBP of communities on green infrastructure

3.Issuance of directives to ZOO authorities for protecting animals from heat waves


1. Recharging ponds/water bodies for providing drinking water to animals.

2. Monitoring of forest to avoid forest fire

3. Promoting rain water harvesting



32 | P a g e

Jal Nigam

During heat waves (March-July)

Conduct critical analysis of places where excessive water shortage has been recorded followed by

constructing overhead tanks or needed structures to cater the need of affected community.

Post-heat wave (July-December)




Note:

All the departments whose Annexure has been attached below in the SOP, have to submit the same

according to the frequency of period mentioned in the respective Annexure.

Apart from the annexure submission, all the departments who are responsible for identification &

activation of cooling center have to submit their report mentioning the address of the cooling center


1. Analysis of the place where excessive shortage in water has been recorded



33 | P a g e

with their images at an interval of every 1 day during heat wave on the mail id of DDMA, Gorakhpur

([email protected]).

Table 2: Symptoms & first aid for various heat disorders [22]

Heat Disorders Symptoms First Aid Heat rash Skin redness and pain,

possible swelling,

blisters, fever,

headaches.

Take a shower using soap to remove oils that may

block pores preventing the body from cooling

naturally. If blisters occur, apply dry, sterile

dressings and seek medical attention.

Heat Cramps Painful spasms usually in

leg and abdominal

muscles or extremities.

Heavy sweating.

Move to a cool or shaded place. Apply firm

pressure on cramping muscles or gently massage to

relieve spasm. Give sips of water. If nausea occurs,

discontinue

Heat Exhaustion Heavy sweating,

weakness, Skin cold,

pale, headache and

clammy extremities.

Weak pulse. Normal

temperature is possible.

Fainting, vomiting.

Get the victim to lie down in a cool place. Loosen

clothing. Apply cool, wet cloth — fan or move

victim to air-conditioned place. Give sips of water

slowly and if nausea occurs, discontinue. If

vomiting occurs, seek immediate medical attention;

call 108 and 102 for an ambulance.

Heat Stroke (Sun stroke) High body temperature.

Hot, dry skin. Rapid,

strong pulse. Possible

unconsciousness or

altered mental status.

Victim will likely not

sweat

Heat stroke is a severe medical emergency. Call 108

and 102 for an ambulance for emergency medical

services or take the victim to a hospital

immediately. Delay can be fatal. Move the victim to

a cooler environment. Try a cool bath or sponging

to reduce body temperature. Use extreme caution.

Remove clothing. Use fans and air conditioners. DO

NOT GIVE FLUIDS ORALLY if the person is not

conscious.

Innovative measures to combat the heat wave

Planting shade trees on the western & eastern side of the structures

Planting the adequate trees at adequate places conserves the energy, electricity bill & combats global

warming majorly in summer. Shade trees considered for plantation should be Peepal, Saptparni, Jamun,

Deodar & Champa. Shades trees should be planted around the periphery of temples, hospitals, offices, malls

& houses, majorly on the eastern & western side of the house & if possible, then on the southern side too

[9].

34 | P a g e

Figure 5: Benefits of plantation done at Outdoor [9]

Closure of Blinds

Closure of windows pane & doors will mitigate the 30 % of unwanted heat coming from the same & will

contribute to a substantial reduction of indoor temperature. Closing the windows of the southern & western

side prevents the home from becoming a miniature Greenhouse. Aso, the closing off unused rooms without

cross ventilation will prevent the heat from permeating into the houses. [10]

Facilitation of Cross Ventilation in the home

Rooms should be designed in a way to facilitate the cross ventilation of the houses in summer by the

installation of doors, windows, vents & louvers on the opposite faces of the wall so that hot air gets flush out

in the evening from the home when windows of both sides will be opened in morning & evening. Make sure

that windows of the opposite faces should be opened only in the morning & evening when outdoor air is

cooler than indoor air. [11]

Figure 6: Cross Ventilation[12]

Planting Indoor plants

There are plants which contribute insufficient mitigation of indoor pollution by planting the indoor plants &

will ultimately lead to absorption of greenhouse gases followed by reduction of indoor air temperature [13].

These plants are

Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera)

Chlorophytum comosum (Spider)

35 | P a g e

Bambusa vulgaris (Bamboo)

Sansevieria trifasciata (Snake)

Warneck dracaena

Figure 7: Indoor Plants

Usage of right fabric inside the houses

Avoid using faux leather on sofas, satin bed sheets, silk cushions & normal pillow in summer as they trap a

considerable amount of heat within their fabric. Use only cotton or alike material as they absorb the sweat of

the body without absorbing body heat followed by regular cleaning of the same & bed sheets must be swap

around the mattress to catalyze the cooling effect. As an added advantage one can use buckwheat pillow as

they have naturally occurring space between when compared with the conventional pillow, thereby don’t

trap heat at all [11].

Use blackout curtains

Blackout (foam based opaque fabric to block sunlight) curtains reduces the indoor temperature by reducing

the energy cost by cutting the amount of sunlight & UV rays that enter the room. Neutral colored curtains

with white plastic backings reduces the heat gain up to 33 %. [10]

36 | P a g e

Usage of cool lighting

If you are using conventional bulbs, incandescent bulb then immediately replace the same by the LED bulb

as they consume significantly lesser heat followed by lowering the generation of heat. Also, switch off all

the lights & various types of motor requiring electric/battery supply as all the electrical appliances in the

starting condition generate some heat. [11]

Application of white paint/reflective tiles on the top floor

Normal bricks because of their low albedo (20% to 40%) change an urbanized area into Urban Heat Island

in summer. Although, reflective roof that starts with an albedo of 0.9 reaches values between 0.6 and 0.7 in

two years[14]. To mitigate the heat wave, New York city has painted 7 million square feet of rooftops as

white which resulted in lowering of the temperature of a specific area by 2 to 3 degree Celsius [15]. Also,

according to research done in a specific area, white cement tiles & rooftop was found to reduce 5°C to 6°C

temperature more than equivalent fired bricks rooftops [16]. Hence, it is recommended to use white

reflective paints/tiles to reflect the short wave radiations falling on the object from the sun.

Figure 8: White rooftops to enable the reflection of sunlight [15]

Usage of AWNINGS (PIC)

Install awnings on the south & west direction of the house to reduce the solar heat gain by up to 77%, says

the U.S. Department of Energy [17].

37 | P a g e

Figure 9: Awnings [18]

Energy Saving Films for Window (PIC)

Installation of energy saving the film on window pane & if possible then use mirror-like films which

catalyze the reflection of sunlight falling on the window. [17].

DIY Air Conditioner

Make a DIY air conditioner by placing a pan (used for roasting) or bowl of ice/chilled water in front of a

table fan thereby, the fan breeze will pick up the cold water from the ice’s surface as it melts leading to the

creation of a

Cooling mist [11]

Figure 10: DIY AC [19]

38 | P a g e

Annexure 1: Municipal Corporation, Gorakhpur

Note: The report has to be submitted along with the photograph to District Disaster Management Authority, Gorakhpur alternatively after every 1 days till the persistence of heat

wave.

Tehsil Blocks

Number of Cooling

Centers activated in each

block

Number of places arranged

with fresh drinking water

facility

No. of public places

installed with do’s &

don’ts on heat wave

Capacity building of communities on

green infrastructure, heat waves &

pollution(In Numbers)

Sadar

Jungle Kaudia (Partial)

Chargawa

Bhathat

Khorabar

Pipraich

Campierganj Jungle Kaudia (Partial)

Campierganj

Sahjanwa

Sahjanwa

Pali

Piprauli

Khajni Khajni

Belghat

Chauri Chaura Brahmpur

Sardar Nagar

Bansgaon

Bansgaon

Kauriram

Gagaha

Gola

Gola

Barhalganj

Uruwa

39 | P a g e

Annexure 2: Health department & Medical Professionals

Note: The report has to be submitted to District Disaster Management Authority, Gorakhpur on daily basis till the persistence of heat wave

Tehsil Blocks

Capacity building of

personnel from

hospitals, ASHA &

health centers as

mentioned in the SOP

(In numbers)

Number of patients

reported due to a heat

wave in all the health

centers & hospitals

Number of health

centers & hospitals

installed with do’s &

don’ts on heat wave

Number of

deaths reported

due to the heat

wave

Is there adequate stockpiling

of ORS, Icepacks, IV fluid &

needed medical supplies in the

health centers & hospitals?

(Yes/No)

Sadar


Chargawa

Bhathat

Khorabar

Pipraich


Campierganj

Sahjanwa

Sahjanwa

Pali

Piprauli

Khajni Khajni

Belghat


Sardar Nagar

Bansgaon

Bansgaon

Kauriram

Gagaha

Gola

Gola

Barhalganj

40 | P a g e

Uruwa

41 | P a g e

Annexure 3: ICDS, Gorakhpur Note: The report has to be submitted to District Disaster Management Authority, Gorakhpur on daily basis till the persistence of heat wave

Tehsil Blocks


personnel from

Anganwadi, local

communities & children

as mentioned in the SOP

(In numbers)

Rescheduling

of Anganwadi

during peak

heat hours

(Yes/No)

Activation of

Anganwadi during

summer by

planning

staggered leave of

supervisor & staff.

(Yes/No)

Distribution of IEC among

local communities, Anganwadi

workers & children

(Yes/No)

Is there adequate stockpiling

of ORS, Icepacks, IV fluid &

Buttermilk within Anganwadi?

(Yes/No)

Sadar


Chargawa

Bhathat

Khorabar

Pipraich


Campierganj

Sahjanwa

Sahjanwa

Pali

Piprauli

Khajni Khajni

Belghat


Sardar Nagar

Bansgaon

Bansgaon

Kauriram

Gagaha

Gola

Gola

Barhalganj

Uruwa

42 | P a g e

Annexure 4: Education Department, Gorakhpur


Tehsil Blocks

Capacity building

of school staff &

children as

mentioned in the

SOP

(In numbers)

Rescheduling of

school timing &

examination of

pre-schoolers &

school-aged

children

(Yes/No)

Adoption of

outdoor & indoor

plants, kitchen

gardening &

compost pit within

the schools

(Yes/No)

Distribution of IEC among

School staff & children &

awareness among school

staff on roles &

responsibilities of the team

mentioned in SDMP

(Yes/No)

Is there adequate

stockpiling of ORS,

Icepacks, IV fluid &

Buttermilk within

the campus?

(Yes/No)

Number of children

affected due to heat

waves

(In numbers)

Sadar


Chargawa

Bhathat

Khorabar

Pipraich


Campierganj

Sahjanwa

Sahjanwa

Pali

Piprauli

Khajni Khajni

Belghat

Chauri

Chaura

Brahmpur

Sardar Nagar

Bansgaon

Bansgaon

Kauriram

Gagaha

Gola Gola

43 | P a g e

Barhalganj

Uruwa

44 | P a g e

Annexure 5: Panchayat Raj departments


Tehsil Blocks


Gram Pradhan, link

workers, SEWASHG,

Aapda Mitra & farmers

on heat wave & GKMS,

PMFBY, Soil health

card, etc. (In numbers)

Rescheduling of

workable hours of

MGNREGA

employee to peak

heat hours

(Yes/No)

Restoration of

ponds/dried

lakes

(Yes/No & if Yes

then In

numbers)

Arrangement of

Fresh drinking water

facility & activation

of cooling center

(In numbers)

Installation of banners at

do’s & don’ts during the

heat wave at strategic

locations within villages

(In number)

Sadar


Chargawa

Bhathat

Khorabar

Pipraich


Campierganj

Sahjanwa

Sahjanwa

Pali

Piprauli

Khajni Khajni

Belghat

Chauri

Chaura

Brahmpur

Sardar Nagar

Bansgaon

Bansgaon

Kauriram

Gagaha

Gola

Gola

Barhalganj

Uruwa

45 | P a g e

References

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[3] Indian Meteorological Department, http://nwp.imd.gov.in/cfs_all.php?param=tmax

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polluted-than-lucknow-and-delhi-says-report

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[11] Vellapally, S. (2018, April 05). How can you keep your house cool in summer? Retrieved from

https://www.homify.in/ideabooks/5187275/how-can-you-keep-your-house-cool-in-summer

[12] Ministry of Business. (2017, May 18). Passive ventilation - Smarter Homes Practical advice on smarter home essentials.

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[13] 5 Plants To Make Your Home Clean And Green And Combat Indoor Air Pollution | Do It Yourself. (2018, July 18).

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[14] Albedo Assessment Questions - University Corporation for ... (n.d.). Retrieved from

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[15] Urban Heat: Can White Roofs Help Cool World's Warming Cities? (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://e360.yale.edu/features/urban-heat-can-white-roofs-help-cool-the-worlds-warming-cities

[16] Khan, N., Abbas, N., Tahir, M., & Abbas, G. (n.d.). Thermal Performance of Study of White Cement Tiles. Journal of

Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences.

[17] Gordon, L. K. (2018, November 09). How to Keep Your House Cool Without AC. Retrieved from

https://www.houselogic.com/save-money-add-value/save-on-utilities/how-keep-your-house-cool-without-ac/

[18] Types Of Awnings and Their Use. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mynewsdesk.com/au/pressreleases/types-of-awnings-

and-their-use-1198636

[19] Save Energy in Summer and Stay Cool. (2017, June 30). Retrieved from https://allbeige.com/lifestyle/save-energy-in-the-

summer-and-stay-cool/

[20] UNSTARRED Question on Heat Waves answered by MoES before February 06, 2019. Retrieved: April 15, 2019.

https://moes.gov.in/writereaddata/files/LS_English_06022018_617.pdf

[21] Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat-Wave- National Disaster Management

Authority (NDMA). Retrieved: March 25, 2019. https://ndma.gov.in/images/guidelines/heatwaveguidelines2017.pdf

AG

http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/heatwave.php

https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/will-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions-to-a-third-by-2030-india-promises/

http://nwp.imd.gov.in/cfs_all.php?param=tmax

http://nwp.imd.gov.in/cfs_all.php?param=tmaxa

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/air-pollution-high-in-uttar-pradesh-s-unmonitored-cities-report/story-wKaRpIP654GjHnbKPREKQJ.html

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/air-pollution-high-in-uttar-pradesh-s-unmonitored-cities-report/story-wKaRpIP654GjHnbKPREKQJ.html

https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/chief-minister-yogi-adityanath-gorakhpur-uttar-pradesh-more-polluted-than-lucknow-and-delhi-says-report

https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/chief-minister-yogi-adityanath-gorakhpur-uttar-pradesh-more-polluted-than-lucknow-and-delhi-says-report

https://cpcb.nic.in/air-quality-standard/

https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/heat_wave_18.pdf

https://arbordayblog.org/landscapedesign/how-to-beat-the-summer-heat-with-trees/

http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/07/28/ways-to-cool-your-home_n_5516182.html

https://www.homify.in/ideabooks/5187275/how-can-you-keep-your-house-cool-in-summer

https://www.smarterhomes.org.nz/smart-guides/air-quality-moisture-and-ventilation/passive-ventilation/

https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/plants-to-combat-indoor-air-pollution-23011/

https://scied.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/teaching-box-files/albedo_assessment_questions.pdf

https://e360.yale.edu/features/urban-heat-can-white-roofs-help-cool-the-worlds-warming-cities

https://www.houselogic.com/save-money-add-value/save-on-utilities/how-keep-your-house-cool-without-ac/

http://www.mynewsdesk.com/au/pressreleases/types-of-awnings-and-their-use-1198636

http://www.mynewsdesk.com/au/pressreleases/types-of-awnings-and-their-use-1198636

https://allbeige.com/lifestyle/save-energy-in-the-summer-and-stay-cool/

https://allbeige.com/lifestyle/save-energy-in-the-summer-and-stay-cool/

https://moes.gov.in/writereaddata/files/LS_English_06022018_617.pdf

https://ndma.gov.in/images/guidelines/heatwaveguidelines2017.pdf

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