Heredity

notes

Schedule

• Monday Oct. 19

Reflective writing about DNA model activityDNA concept map activity

(order may change)Vocab. visualsLab- making fun bugs with gene combinationsLab- flipping coins probabilityGroup activity-DNA concept mapMitosis vs Meiosis - compare Venn diagramPunnett squares practiceEvolution vs. religionNatural selectionReading for Meaning - what is inherited

Preassessment 10/13-10/14

• Preassessment

10/13

• Review core content standards, “I Can” statements

Notes 10/14-10/15

• Note- taking worksheet with PowerPoint• Workbook p. 29-30

DNA 10/15• “twisted ladder”• Found in genes in chromosomes• Two sides of the ladder form the backbone of the

DNA and support it• Each rung (or step) is made up of a pair of

chemicals called bases – contain the genetic information

• There are only 4 different bases – A, T, G, C• A always combines with T, and G always

combines with C

DNA 10/15

• http://www.genomicseducation.ca/educationResources/activities/candy_dna.asp

• DNA model site

DNA – Bellringer 10/19/09

• “Break the code activity” on desks• Do not write on the copy as these will be

reused• Break the code- write answer on paper

DNA notes 10/19/09

• PowerPoint on Ch. 20- review

DNA video 10/19/09

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/dna/

Formative assessment -DNA – 10/19/09 write answer only

• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions for a body’s characteristics and processes?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication

• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication

• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. Unknown

4. How many bases are located on each step (or rung) in DNA? a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. Unknown5. Where is DNA located?

a. Chromosomes b. Vacuole c. mitochondria d. cell wall

Bellringer 10/20/09 -DNA write question and answer

• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication

• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication

• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. unknown

Mitosis – notes 10/20• Mitosis – cell division process to form new body cells • STEPS:• 1. DNA in the nucleus is copied and chromosomes

are duplicated• 2. chromosomes line up at center then divide• 3. nucleus divides once and forms two nucleus• 4. cell divides and forms 2 cells• Cell starts with 46 chromosomes and each new cell

results with 46 chromosomes

Mitosis movie clip 10/20

• Ch. 20 ppt- slide 8• United streaming video clips• http://

player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8-A807-A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Mitosis video 10/20

• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778066/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#

• mitosis

Mitosis – 10/20

• Mitosis modeling activity with black and yellow pipe cleaners and circle paper cells

Mitosis – bellringer 10/21/09• 1. What is formed by mitosis?• A. Sex cells b. Body cells• C. Fertilization d. Heredity

2. What is the first step in mitosis?a. Nucleus divides c. DNA is copiedb. b. 2 cells are formed

3. How many nucleus are formed with mitosis?a. 46 b. 2 c. 4 d. unknown

Meiosis – notes 10/21• Process that forms sex cells• STEPS:• 1. DNA is duplicated• 2. Nucleus divides twice- total of four• 3. Four sex cells form• Each new sex cell has 23 chromosomes-

starting cell had 46

Meiosis video 10/21

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=B4B44BE8-73D7-4C4C-B7A2-F32F31B29CDD&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

• United streaming meiosis clip

Meiosis activity 10/21

Modeling with pipe cleaners and paper cells

Meiosis – bellringer 10/22/091. How many cells are formed at the end of

meiosis?a. 2 b. 1 c. 4 d. 232. In meiosis, there are _____ chromosomes in

the starting cell and ends with ____ chromosomes in each sex cell.

a. 46, 46 b. 2, 4 c. 2, 1 d. 46, 233. What is formed with meiosis?a. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New shoes

10/23 Chromosome match activity

• Workbook p. 9-12

Mitosis vs. meiosis 10/23

• Copy chart on p. 595

10/23 Cell division video- 19 min.

• Cell division – mitosis, meiosis, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, chromosomes

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8-A807-A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Asexual reproduction 10/23

• a new organism is made from a part of another organism by mitosis and cell division

• Receives all DNA from one parent- DNA will be the same

Sexual reproduction 10/23

• New organism is produced from the DNA of two parent cells

M&M 10/23/09 formative• 1. How many cells are formed at the end of mitosis?• A. 4 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. How many cells are formed at the end of meiosis?• A. 4 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 3. During mitosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting

cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.• A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46 c. 2, 1 d. 1, 2• 4. During meiosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting

cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.• A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46 c. 2, 1 d. 1, 2• 5. What are formed during mitosis?• A. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes• 6. What are formed during meiosis?• A. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes

Mitosis vs. meiosis – bellringer 10/26

• Mitosis vs. meiosis stages with pictures in workbook

• MC questions 3

Asexual reproduction 10/26

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/asexualreproduction/

• BrainPop video

Cloning video

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cloning/

• BrainPop

Cloning article 10/26

• http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20040128/Feature1.asp

• Animal clones: Double trouble?• Using playdoh, make a clone

Regeneration article 10/26

• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Regeneration.html

• Make before and after organism with Playdoh that have undergone regeneration

• 2 models- 1st organism body part missing» 2nd organism with body part regrown

Budding article 10/26

• Budding article • http://hubpages.com

/hub/Is-Sex-Necessary-for-Reproduction• Make an organism before and after using

budding for reproduction

Asexual reproduction 10/26

• 1. budding – a new individual grows from the parent

• EX. Potato, hydra• 2. cloning – making exact copies of organisms –

gets DNA from only one parent cell• Ex. Dolly the sheep was a clone• 3. Regeneration – replacing injured or missing

body parts by growing new ones Ex. Starfish (arm), chameleon (tail)

Asexual activity 10/26

• 3 articles – 1 each on budding, regeneration, and cloning

• Use playdoh to model before and after of organism in each process

• Partner activity

Asexual reproduction-bellringer 10/27formative assessment—please turn this in on blank paper

write question and answer only1. How many parent cells does DNA come from in

asexual reproduction?a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 46

2. Making an exact copy from DNA from one parent is

a. Budding b. Cloning c. regeneration3. Making new body parts when one is missing or

injured isa. Budding b. Cloning c. Regeneration

4. Growing an individual directly from one parent isa. Budding b. Cloning c. regeneration

A & S Asexual vs. sexual FormativeBellringer – only write answer

• 1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual reproduction?

• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in sexual

reproduction?• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 3. A new individual grows directly on the parent in• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning• 4. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new ones

is• A. Regeneration b. budding c. cloning• 5. Process of making exact copies of organisms is• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning

Asexual vs. sexual bellringer10/27

• 1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual reproduction?

• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. A new individual grows directly on the parent in• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning• 3. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new

ones is• A. Regeneration b. budding c. cloning• 4. Process of making exact copies of organisms is• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning

Pet behavior- reading for meaning 10/27

• Pet behavior• Reading for meaning activity with pet behaviors• Read the 5 statements and circle “agree” or

“disagree” for each• Then read the article. As you are reading, write

evidence that supports the statement in one side and evidence that does not support statement on the other side

Bellringer 10/28/09write question and answer

• 1. What is responsible for behavior?a. Heredityb. Environmentc. Bothd. neither

Behavior notes 10/28

• Learned - acquire or influence from environment, friends, familytrial-and-error

• Inherited - instinct – born with it

Behavior – video clip 10/28

• BrainPOP video• http://www.brainpop.com/science/

ecologyandbehavior/behavior/• “Behavior”

Behavior – assessment 10/28

• BrainPOP formative assessment from handout

Adaptations 10/28

• Behavioral- activities: Migration, hibernation• Structural- body parts: webbed feet, fur, color, feathers, wings, etc.

Adaptations “Reciprocal reading” 10/28

• Read polar bear article• Open response

bellringer 10/29/09

• 1. Wings on a bird is what type of adaptation?• A. Structural• B. behavioral

• 2. A bear hibernating for the winter is what type of adaptation?

• A. Structural• B. behavioral

Adaptations “Reciprocal reading” 10/29 (finished)

• Read polar bear article• Open response• A. Describe 3 ways in which the baby cub

polar bear will resemble its mother.• B. Describe 1 behavior that the baby cub will

have to learn from its mother.

Bellringer 10/30

• Have open response ready to review – finish if needed

Make a foldable with 8 strips 10/30

1. Gene- part of a chromosome that has the information about a trait

2. Trait – inherited characteristic ex. Eye color, hair color, etc.

3. Allele- each gene of the gene pair; they combine to determine how the trait is shownEx. Attached earlobe= a Unattached earlobe=A

Genes mom + dad = 1 pair chromosomes

Traits: Lab activity 10/30

• “Genetic traits: the unique you”• Hook: How are 3 genetic traits expressed

among your classmates?• Workbook P. 7-8• Suggestions: earlobe, curl tongue, curly or

straight hair, freckles, dimples

Dominant and recessive

11/2/09

Bellringer 11/2/09write question and answer

• 1. “Freckles” is an example of a type of a. Trait b. Gene c. chromosome

Previously…..11/2

• During the last class, we created foldables with information about genes, alleles, and traits.

• We introduced different types of traits and collected data by performing a class survey involving 3 different traits.

Alleles 11/2

• Each individual usually has 2 alleles (or genes) for each trait. For example, you have 2 alleles for dimples, 2 more for freckles, and 2 more for unattached or attached earlobes.

• Infer….• From previous information, where does the 2

alleles come from that determine a trait?• It is how these 2 alleles are combined that

determines which trait is shown.

Heredity 11/2

• Hook: What does flipping a coin have in common with heredity?

Alleles 11/2

• Each of your parents have 2 alleles for a trait• Usually you receive one allele from the female

parent and one from the male parent • Chance, or luck, determines which gene you

get from each parent….just like flipping a coin

Heredity video clip 11/2

• http://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/heredity/

Alleles- 11/2 complete foldable with these notes

• Dominant allele- covers or hides the other allele “bully”– Capital letter

• Recessive allele – is covered or hid because of the other allele– Lower case letter

Example of allele combinations 11/2

• 1. The trait is freckles freckles = A no freckles = a

Infer…. What trait will result? AA =

aa =Aa =

Alleles- 11/2 complete foldable with these notes

• Dominant allele- blocks or hides the other allele – Capital letter – Shows when dominant + dominant OR dominant +

recessive combine; AA or Aa

• Recessive allele – is blocked or hid because of the other allele– Lower case letter– Only shows when recessive + recessive combine; aa

Pure vs. hybrid 11/2

• Pure = genes are the same for a trait• AA or aa

• Hybrid = genes are different for a trait• Aa

Allele lab activity 11/2

• Each table should have 2 bags, one labeled with “Mom” and the other with “Dad”

• There should be two alleles in each bag, one “A” and the other “a”

• These two parents will have 10 offspring• Lab worksheet “Identifying alleles” Review

instructions• Model with bags and how to fill out worksheet

Formative assessment “DR” 11-2-09

Use this information to help answer the following questions: A = Freckles a = no freckles

1. According to the above information, what type of allele is freckles?a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Neither d. Both

2. What type of allele is “no freckles”?a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Neither d. Both

3. If an offspring has an allele combination of Aa, what trait will be shown by that offspring?a. Freckles b. No freckles c. Will not know d. Both

4. What allele combination must an offspring have to show “no freckles”?a. AA b. Aa c. aa d. None of these

Bellringer 11-3-09• If W = widow’s peak and w = no widow’s peak,

what allele combination might show a widow’s peak?

• A. WW• B. Ww• C. ww• D. Both Ww and WW• E. All of the above

Mutations, variation, specialized breeding 11/3

• Mutation – permanent change in DNA • May be beneficial, harmful, or neutral for the

organism• Ex. 4 leaf clover• Caused by viruses, radiation, etc.• Variations- different ways a trait can show

itself- Ex. Eye color, skin color, hair color• Specialized breeding – to create animals with

desired traits

Mutation video 11/3

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/geneticmutations/

• mutation

evolution

• Charles Darwin- theory of evolution and natural selection

• Natural selection- organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive; “survival of the fittest”

• Evolution – genes are changed in organisms from one generation to the next

evolution

• Charles Darwin – father of theory of evolution• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0078778069/student_view0/unit5/webquest_projects.html

Variations and mutations Evolution video clips

• Brainpop http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/

• Video: Human evolution• Video: Charles darwin

Variations and mutations Natural selection video clip

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/

• Natural selection activity sheets from video

Punnett square calculator

• http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/

• Tour of the basics

Vocab visuals- foldable

word Book definition Picture / own definition/ examples

heredity

genetics

gene

allele A gene of a gene pair

variation

mutation

Selective breeding Breeding organisms to produce offspring with desired traits

• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/traitstree.pdf

• http://www.teachervision.fen.com/tv/printables/DominantvsRecessive.pdf

• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/traitsrecipe.pdf

genetics

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/genetics/

• genetics

Mastery lab activity: adaptations

• http://chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects/webquests/adaptations/

• Adaptations – giving a scenario and creating an animal to live in that environment

Behavior video clips

• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/

Migration• Conditioning• hibernation

• http://www.sciencekidsathome.com/science_topics/genetics-a.html#more

Meiosis movie clip

• Ch. 20 ppt – slide 22

DNA, mitosis, meiosis

• DNA concept map• Workbook p. 17

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction• Make a VENN diagram comparing asexual and

sexual reproduction• P. 593-594

Vocab visuals- foldableword Book definition Picture / own definition/

examples

mitosis

Meiosis

Asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Cloning

chromosome Structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

Budding Process in which an organism reproduces

regeneration Process in which body parts are replaced that have been lost because of injury

DNA Chemical inside cells that contains hereditary information

fertilization

DNA reflection- formative(separate piece of paper to turn in)

• Write a paragraph reflecting the DNA model that you created.

• Include: • what each piece of the model (twizzlers,

marshmallow, and toothpicks) represented• what colors did you pair together and why?

Mitosis vs. meiosis

• Make a compare / contrast of mitosis and meiosis with a Venn diagram or graphic organizer of your choice

Which letter corresponds with the gene pair that is pure?

A. AB. BC. CD. none are pure

Lab activity

• “modeling probability”• Flip coin activity• P. 4 workbook

Lab activity

• Making fun bugs—determine bug traits • Big marshmallows, little colored

marshmallows, googly eyes, toothpicks, glue, pipecleaners

Lab activity

• “Getting DNA from onion cells”• Hook: How is DNA taken out of cells?• Workbook p. 5-6

• Foldable• Workbook p. 15

Bellringer

• Transparency• Workbook p. 40

• DNA• Workbook p. 44 answer questions

Present Human Body Corporation projects

• Present from file folder on my email “organ project 2nd period and allow students to make presentations

• Have students to rate them as follows:• Presentation 1-10• Overall Project 1-10• Persuasiveness to not be fired 1-10• At end, students to turn in papers

The role of genes in behavior – reading for meaning

Virtual lab

• How are inherited traits of parents expressed in offspring?

• Practice with punnet squares• Use virtual lab CD or link

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/unit5/chapter20/virtual_lab.html

• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778069/164155/00053413.html

• “Mitosis”• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0078778069/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#

• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#

• “Fertilization and birth”

Find a percentage• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent is a hybrid

for a certain trait. That means that the parent has a dominant and recessive allele for that trait.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the recessive allele? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 2

• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the dominant allele? A) 100% B) 25% C) 75% D) 50% 3

• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the recessive allele? A) 25% B) 0% C) 50% D) 100% 4

• Some diseases in humans are a result of recessive traits. What percent of the sex cells produced by a parent would have an allele for this recessive trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 5

• Assume one parent is a hybrid for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 75% D) 100% 6

• Assume one parent has 2 recessive alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 100% D) 50% 7

• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 100% B) 25% C) 50% D) 0% 8

• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 0% D) 75% 9

• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 25% 10

• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 0%