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High Power Batteries for Utilities the Worlds Most Powerful Battery

and Other Developments

Jim McDowall

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Drivers for High Power Storage

Increasing need for power quality

More nines

Developments with small distributed generators

Handling non-coincident loads

Higher penetration of wind power

Power smoothing and ramping

Lack of investment in transmission capacity

Better stability = higher loading

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Support for Weak Grids

Problems often lead to load shedding

Storage allows time to react

Spinning reserve

Automatic load scheduling

Power system stabilizing

These functions led to building of the worlds most

powerful battery the Golden Valley BESS

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The GVEA BESS

Provides up to 46MW of spinning reserve

System baseload is ~80MW Peak load ~180MW

Built by a consortium of ABB and Saft

Entered commercial operation in September 2003

First real discharges in November

Reached full battery capability in December

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Main BESS Data

Active power:

40 MW for 7 minutes 26 MW for 15 minutes (nominal rating)

Reactive Power Compensation up to:

40 MVAR +15% Overload

DC-Link Voltage / Current: 3,440-5,200 V / 12,000 A

Grid Voltage: 138 kV

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System Overview

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System Overview

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System Overview

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System Overview

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System Overview

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The finished article

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But does it work?

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11/11/2003

11/26/2003

12/24/2003

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1/13/2004

1/19/2004

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2/25/2004

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3/19/2004

3/31/2004

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35

Output(MW)

Temperature(F)

62,400 customer

disconnections saved

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A big battery needs a big logo

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Other utility applications

Lower power levels

Power quality / short-duration

UPS

Smoothing & ramping forwind power

Support for distributed

generation

New use for aviation battery

technology

High power density

Up to 200kW for 5 mins in~7sq.ft.

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Advanced storage technologies

for high power Seconds of run time

SMES

Ultracapacitors

Flywheels

Seconds minutes - hours

Lithium ion batteries

Nickel-metal hydridebatteries

All are currently in

demonstration phase

Low volume production

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Lithium ion batteries

Latest developments

producing promising results

Very high power densities

possible

7kW/kg for 2 sec pulse

Projected operating life of

15+ years

Excellent cycling capabil ity

Zero maintenance

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Projected cost

Based on moderate volume industrial production

Lithium ion

$700-800/kWh

$100-200/kW (15+ years)

Lead-acid

$200/kWh

$50/kW (3-4 years)

Lithium ion will be competitive on life cycle cost for

high power

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Summary

Utili ty applications for high-power short-duration

storage are expected to grow significantly

There will be a few very large systems such as the

Golden Valley BESS

Many more smaller systems deployed as

distributed resources