www.nepeducation.com The branch of biology which Marcello Malpighi (1628 169 Tissue:- Group of identical or, u specific function is called tis The term tissue is coin The term Histology is c Types of animal issue:- There are f follows:- 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Muscular tissue 3. Connective issue 4. Nervous tissue. E It co internal surface of the body o Characteristics:- v Cells with ceme v Lack o v The b netwo v Absen neutri Origin:- It is ectodermal, mesoderma The epithelium which forms the linin The epithelium lines the body cavity deals about tissue is called Histology 94) is regarded as Father of Histology. unidentical cells which associate to p ssue. ned by Francois Xavier Bichot (1771 – coined by Mayer (1819) four major types of animal tissue whic e e Epithelial Tissue onsists of cells which covers external or, organ. are closely packed and firmly attached to each the help of small amount of Carbohydr enting substance or, by special junctions betwee of intercellular space or, intercellular fluid. base of cells rests on basement membrane co ork of collagenous fibres. nce of blood vessel in this tissue. So this tiss ient from lymph vessel present in intercellular s al and endodermal in origin. ng of blood vessel is called endothelium. y is called mesothelium. Histology y. . perform a 1802) ch are as and h other rate based en cells. omposed of sue obtains space.
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The branch of biology which deals about tissue is called Histology. Marcello Malpighi (1628 1694) is regarded as Tissue:- Group of identical or, unidentical cells which associate to perform a specific function is called tissue. The term tissue is coined by The term Histology is coined by Types of animal issue:- There are four major types follows:- 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Muscular tissue 3. Connective issue 4. Nervous tissue.
Epi
It consists of cells which covers external and internal surface of the body or, Characteristics:-
v Cells with the help of small amount of cementing substance or, by special
v Lack of intercellular space or, intercellular fluid.
v The base of cells rests on basement membrane composed of network of collagenous fibres.
v Absence of blood vessel in this tissue. So this tissue obtains neutrient from lymph vessel present in intercellular space.
Origin:- It is ectodermal, mesodermal and endodeThe epithelium which forms the lining of blood vessel is called The epithelium lines the body cavity is called mesothelium.
The branch of biology which deals about tissue is called Histology.
(1628 1694) is regarded as Father of Histology.
Group of identical or, unidentical cells which associate to perform a is called tissue.
is coined by Francois Xavier Bichot (1771 –
is coined by Mayer (1819)
There are four major types of animal tissue which are as
helial Tissue
Connective issue
Epithelial Tissue
It consists of cells which covers external and internal surface of the body or, organ.
Cells are closely packed and firmly attached to each otherwith the help of small amount of Carbohydrate based cementing substance or, by special junctions between cells.
ack of intercellular space or, intercellular fluid. base of cells rests on basement membrane composed of
network of collagenous fibres. Absence of blood vessel in this tissue. So this tissue obtains neutrient from lymph vessel present in intercellular space.
It is ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal in origin. The epithelium which forms the lining of blood vessel is called endothelium. The epithelium lines the body cavity is called mesothelium.
Histology
The branch of biology which deals about tissue is called Histology.
.
Group of identical or, unidentical cells which associate to perform a
1802)
of animal tissue which are as
It consists of cells which covers external and
are closely packed and firmly attached to each other arbohydrate based
junctions between cells.
base of cells rests on basement membrane composed of
Absence of blood vessel in this tissue. So this tissue obtains neutrient from lymph vessel present in intercellular space.
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The epithelium lines the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord is called ependyma.
Types of epithelial tissue: differentiate into two types:-
A. Simple Epithelium:- Cells are remain arranged in only one layer.
B. Compound Epithelium: layers.
A. Simple Epi
a) Squamous epithelial tissue: placed nucleus. Its edge or, margin is irregular
The epithelium lines the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord is called
Types of epithelial tissue:- On the basis of number of layers of cells it is
Cells are remain arranged in only one layer.
lium:-
Cells are remain arranged into two or, more than two
Simple Epithelium
It is of four types on the basis of shape of cells:
a) Squamous epithelial tissue:-
It is made up of thin flat cells with a centrally
Its edge or, margin is irregular (tessellated).
1 Pavement Epithelial
The epithelium lines the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord is called
On the basis of number of layers of cells it is
or, more than two
on the basis of shape of cells:-
It is made up of thin flat cells with a centrally
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Occurrence- It occurs in renal corpuscle of the kidney, alveoli of lungs, blood capillary wall, lining of body cavities, covering of visceral organs. (Where it is Funcion:- It remains outside so it works as protecting membrane, exchange of gases in alveoli of lungs, diffusion etc.
b) Cuboidal epithelium:- surface is polygonal (Pentagonal and hexagonal). Each cell contains a spherical centric nucleus.
It occurs in renal corpuscle of the kidney, alveoli of lungs, blood capillary wall, of visceral organs. (Where it is referred as mesohelium).
It remains outside so it works as protecting membrane, exchange of gases in
It consists of cells which are of cube shaped nal (Pentagonal and hexagonal).
Each cell contains a spherical centric nucleus.
It occurs in renal corpuscle of the kidney, alveoli of lungs, blood capillary wall, referred as mesohelium).
It remains outside so it works as protecting membrane, exchange of gases in
but upper
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Occurrence- This is occurred in duct of salivary epithelium of ovary, PCT of the kidney , choroid plexus, duct etc. Funcion:- Secretion and absorption.
It has two modified formsa) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium: It is a modified form of cuboidal epithelium. Its free surface contains cilia.
This is occurred in duct of salivary gland, follicles of thyroid gland, germinal epithelium of ovary, PCT of the kidney , choroid plexus, pigmented layer of retina, pancreatic
modified forms:- epithelium:-
It is a modified form of cuboidal epithelium. Its free
gland, follicles of thyroid gland, germinal pigmented layer of retina, pancreatic
It is a modified form of cuboidal epithelium. Its free
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Occurrence- Tubules of nephron. Function:- Flow of nephric filtrate. b) Brush bordered cuboidal:- It is also a modified form contains microvilli on its free surface.
Occurrence- PCT of nephron. Function:- Increased surface area for effective absorption.
C) Columnar epithelial tissue: elongated nucleus at the base of the cells.
Tubules of nephron.
Flow of nephric filtrate.
It is also a modified form of cuboidal epithelium. It
contains microvilli on its free surface.
surface area for effective absorption.
C) Columnar epithelial tissue:- It consists of tall closely packed cells contains
elongated nucleus at the base of the cells.
of cuboidal epithelium. It
consists of tall closely packed cells contains
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Occurrence- It lines stomach, small and large intestine digestive Function:- It is specially meant for absorption and secretion.
It lines stomach, small and large intestine digestive glands gall bladder etc.
It is specially meant for absorption and secretion.
glands gall bladder etc.
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It has
a) Ciliated columnar epithelium: free ends contain cilia. Mucus secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the cells.
has two modified forms:- epithelium:-
It is modified form of simple columnar epithelium. Its secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the
simple columnar epithelium. Its secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the
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Occurrence- It is found in oviduct, respiratory passage (Bronchioles) spinal canal Function:- It helps to maintain t b) Brush bordered columnar e It is modified form of contain cilia. Mucus secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the cells.
D. Pseudostralified Epithelium: This epithelial tissue consists of cells of different sizes.
Larger cells bear cilia & smaller one lack cilia. Nuclei are remain arranged at different level so it appears to made up of two or more layer but all the cells are remain based on same basement membra So, its cells are remain arranged in a single layer but appears multilayer that’s why it is called (Psendo – false, stralified –
found in oviduct, respiratory passage (Bronchioles) spinal canal
the flow of material or, fluid in only one direction.
epithelium:- It is modified form of simple columnar epithelium. Its free ends
contain cilia. Mucus secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the cells.
Pseudostralified Epithelium: - epithelial tissue consists of cells of different sizes.
Larger cells bear cilia & smaller one lack cilia. Nuclei are remain arranged at different level so it appears to made up of two or more layer but all the cells are remain based on same basement membra
So, its cells are remain arranged in a single layer but appears multilayer that’s why it is called Psendostralified
multilayer)
found in oviduct, respiratory passage (Bronchioles) spinal canal.
erial or, fluid in only one direction.
simple columnar epithelium. Its free ends contain cilia. Mucus secreting goblet cells are remain embedded between the cells.
epithelial tissue consists of cells of different sizes. Larger cells bear cilia & smaller one lack cilia. Nuclei are remain arranged at different level so it appears to made up of two or more layer but all the cells are remain based on same basement membrane.
So, its cells are remain arranged in a single Psendostralified
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· Location: - It is found in lining of trachea, Primary brunchi, nasal epithelium etc.
· Function: - It plays an important role to remove mucous, dust etc. from respiratory tract.
It is found in lining of trachea, Primary brunchi, nasal
It plays an important role to remove mucous, dust etc. from respiratory tract.
It is found in lining of trachea, Primary brunchi, nasal
It plays an important role to remove mucous, dust etc. from
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B. Compound Epithelium
The epithelial tissue in which cells are remain arranged into two or more than two layers is called compound epithelial The lower most layer of cells called stratumgermiratum forms upper layers of cells. It of two types:
1. Stratified Epithelium: The lower most layer is as it is pushed outwards gets chacubical, cuboidal etc.) of cells of the outermost layer:
a. Stratified Squamous Epithelium: The stratified epithelium of which inner layercolumnar but upper most layer becomes flattered or squamous is called stratified squamous epithelium. It of two types:
i. Keratinized Stratified Epithelium: The stratified squamous epithelium in which heavy deposits of keratin which cytoplasm of upper layer is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Compound Epithelium
The epithelial tissue in which cells are remain arranged into two or more than two layers is called compound epithelial tissue.
The lower most layer of cells called stratumgermiratum forms upper layers of cells. It of two types: -
Stratified Epithelium: - The lower most layer is cuboidal epithelial tissue
as it is pushed outwards gets characteristics shape (pavement, cubical, cuboidal etc.) It is of following types on the basis of shape of cells of the outermost layer: -
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: - The stratified epithelium of which inner layer are cuboidal or columnar but upper most layer becomes flattered or squamous is called stratified squamous epithelium.
It of two types: - Keratinized Stratified Epithelium: - The stratified squamous epithelium in which heavy deposits of keratin which is insoluble protein in cytoplasm of upper layer is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
The epithelial tissue in which cells are remain arranged into tissue.
are cuboidal or columnar but upper most layer becomes flattered or
The stratified squamous epithelium in which heavy is insoluble protein in
cytoplasm of upper layer is called keratinized stratified
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§ Function: -
Its outermost layer is hand & it is multilayered so it is protective in function rather than absorption & secretion.
§ Location: It forms outer layer of skin & goes to all opening of body organ.[This layer always wear out to it is replaced by inner layer of cells throughout the life.]
ii. Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium: The stratified squamous epithelial tissue in which there is absence of keratin or horny layer is called nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Its outermost layer is hand & it is multilayered so it is protective in function rather than absorption & secretion. Location: -
orms outer layer of skin & goes to all opening of body organ. [This layer always wear out to it is replaced by inner layer of cells throughout the life.]
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium: The stratified squamous epithelial tissue in which there is absence of keratin or horny layer is called nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Its outermost layer is hand & it is multilayered so it is protective in function rather than absorption &
orms outer layer of skin & goes to all opening of
[This layer always wear out to it is replaced by inner
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium: - The stratified squamous epithelial tissue in which there is absence of keratin or horny layer is called non-
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§ Location:
Lining of pharynx & oesophagous.§ Function:
b. Stratified Columnar epithelium:
layer of cells becomes columnar of pillar like & inner layer remains cuboidal stoped , is called stratified columnar epithelium.
Location: - Lining of pharynx & oesophagous. Function: - Protection.
Stratified Columnar epithelium: - In this stratified epithelium upper
layer of cells becomes columnar of pillar like & inner layer remains cuboidal stoped , is called stratified columnar
stratified epithelium upper layer of cells becomes columnar of pillar like & inner layer remains cuboidal stoped , is called stratified columnar
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§ Location: c. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium:
In this stratified present.
§ Location:
etc. 2. Transitional Epithelium:
The compound epithelium which consists of 3-4 layers of cells of same size & shape except ofThe cells of outermost layer remain more flattered in comparison to other.
Location: - Duct of mammary gland Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: - In this stratified epithelium cuboidal cells are remain
Location: - Duct of sweat gland, conjuctiva of eyes
Transitional Epithelium: - The compound epithelium which consists of
4 layers of cells of same size & shape except of outermost layer. The cells of outermost layer remain more flattered in comparison
epithelium cuboidal cells are remain
of eyes
The compound epithelium which consists of outermost layer.
The cells of outermost layer remain more flattered in comparison
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· Location: -
It can facilitate to stretch sopelvic region of kidney.
Gland The epithelial tissue which can secrete a chemical is called glandmlar epithelium. The cell or group of cells which can secrete a chemical is called gland. On the basis of number of cells gland may be of two types:
A. Unicellular Gland: - The gland which contains only one cell or only one cell can act like a gland is called unicellular gland. Example: Gollet cell – It secrets mucin.
B. Multicellular Gland: - The gland which consists of two or more than two cells is called multicellular gland. It may be of following types:
1) Straight Tubular Gland: This gland is a tube like remains attached to some
organ. Example; Crypts of lieburkulin in the intestine.
stretch so, it is found in urinary blodder meter,
Glandular Epithelium The epithelial tissue which can secrete a chemical
is called glandmlar epithelium. The cell or group of cells which can secrete a chemical is called gland.
On the basis of number of cells gland may be of two types:
The gland which contains only one cell or only one cell can act like a gland is called unicellular gland. Example:
It secrets mucin.
he gland which consists of two or more than two cells is called multicellular gland.
It may be of following types: - Straight Tubular Gland: -
This gland is a tube like remains attached to some organ. Example; Crypts of lieburkulin in the intestine.
, it is found in urinary blodder meter,
The epithelial tissue which can secrete a chemical is called glandmlar epithelium. The cell or group of cells which can
On the basis of number of cells gland may be of two types: -
The gland which contains only one cell or only one cell can act like a gland is called unicellular gland. Example: -
he gland which consists of two or more than
This gland is a tube like remains attached to some organ. Example; Crypts of lieburkulin in the intestine.
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2) Simple Coiled Tubular Gland: It is simple tubular gland but remains coiled at the
base. Example; Sweat gland.
3) Simple Branched Tubular Gland:
Simple Coiled Tubular Gland: - It is simple tubular gland but remains coiled at the
base. Example; Sweat gland.
Simple Branched Tubular Gland: -
It is simple tubular gland but remains coiled at the
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It is a tubular gland in which a larger number of branched are formed but Gastric glands of stomach, Bruner’s gland of intestine.
4) Simple Alveolar Gland: This is a glandular epithelium in which secretory region gets swollen & forms ball like structure. Example; Cutaneous glands of frog.
5) Simple Branched Alveolar Gland:
It is a tubular gland in which a larger number of branched are formed but having only one duct. Example; Gastric glands of stomach, Bruner’s gland of intestine.
Simple Alveolar Gland: - This is a glandular epithelium in which
secretory region gets swollen & forms ball like structure. Cutaneous glands of frog.
Simple Branched Alveolar Gland: -
It is a tubular gland in which a larger number having only one duct. Example;
Gastric glands of stomach, Bruner’s gland of intestine.
This is a glandular epithelium in which secretory region gets swollen & forms ball like structure.
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number of alveolar or ball like structure is formed with only one opening in the same duct. Example; Sebaceous gland in the skin.
consists of many branching with many ducts. It of two types: -
I. Compound Tubular Glands: branched of tubular gland. Example; Salivary gland
In this glandular epithelium a large number of alveolar or ball like structure is formed with only one opening in the same duct. Example; Sebaceous gland in
Compound Glands This is glandular epithelium consists of many branching with many ducts. It of two types:
Compound Tubular Glands: - There are two or more thanbranched of tubular gland. Example; Salivary gland.
In this glandular epithelium a large number of alveolar or ball like structure is formed with only one opening in the same duct. Example; Sebaceous gland in
This is glandular epithelium consists of many branching with many ducts. It of two types:
There are two or more than two branched of tubular gland. Example; Salivary
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II. Compound Alveolar Glands: alveolar gland is formed. Example; Mammary glands, Panetc.
III. Compound both structures that are tubular and alveolar duct are formed. Example; Parts of salivary & mammary glands.
Compound Alveolar Glands: - In this gland many branches of alveolar gland is formed.
Example; Mammary glands, Pancreatic glands
Compound Tubular-Alveolar Glands: - In this glandular epithelium both structures that are tubular and alveolar duct are formed. Example; Parts of salivary & mammary glands.
In this gland many branches of
tic glands
In this glandular epithelium both structures that are tubular and alveolar duct
