HISTORY OF INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE After the Battle of Plassey 1757, the British won political power over India and this is when the Britishers came and ruled India for almost 200 years. In 1848, during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, their rule began to establish. North-west India was one of the initial targets of the British and by 1856 they had developed a firm authority. It was in the nineteenth century when the British rules gained its major heights. Due the discontent and dissatisfied local rulers, peasantry and the soldiers who were unemployed by then broke out into a revolt, commonly known as the "revolt of 1857" or the "mutiny of 1857". ***Goto PG 32 #book Cont: Social and cultural uprisings*** Indian National Congress (INC) came into being Surendranth Banerjee laid the foundation of the INC in 1876. Its main aim was to put forward the view of the middle class educated citizens. In 1906, the Congress session at Calcutta gave a call to the attainment
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HISTORY OF INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE
After the Battle of Plassey 1757, the British won political power over India and this is when the Britishers came and ruled India for almost 200 years. In 1848, during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, their rule began to establish. North-west India was one of the initial targets of the British and by 1856 they had developed a firm authority. It was in the nineteenth century when the British rules gained its major heights.
Due the discontent and dissatisfied local rulers, peasantry and the soldiers who were unemployed by then broke out into a revolt, commonly known as the "revolt of 1857" or the "mutiny of 1857".
***Goto PG 32 #bookCont: Social and cultural uprisings***
Indian National Congress (INC) came into being
Surendranth Banerjee laid the foundation of the INC in 1876. Its main aim was to put forward the view of the middle class educated citizens. In 1906, the Congress session at Calcutta gave a call to the attainment of 'Swaraj' and hence the 'Swadeshi Movement' started.
In 1905, the partition of West Bengal took place and the capital of the country was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
Simultaneously the British government was too preparing against the Indian efforts and as a result they passed several reforms in 1909 known as the Morley-Minto reforms which instead of the development
aimed at creating differences between the Hindus and the Muslims.
On one hand, the reformists and revolutionaries were working and planning whereas on the other hand, the Jallianwala massacre took place in Punjab where the people had gathered to celebrate Baisakhi.
It was after the First World War (1914-1918) that Mahatma Gandhi came back to India and observed the condition of the country and started non-violent agitation, "Satyagrah".
Civil Disobedience Movement
The Civil Disobedience Movement started in December 1929 and it aimed at complete ignorance and disobedience of the British government. It was during this movement that the revolutionaries: Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were arrested and hanged to death.
***Goto PG 38 #book Cont: Dandi march***
INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE TIMELINE
Year Location Event Protagonist
1857 Berhampore Sepoys of the 19th Infantry refuses rifle practice
1857 Meerut Sepoy Mutiny
1857 Ambala Unrest at Ambala
1857 Barrackpore Mangal Pandey attacked British officers and was later hanged Mangal Pandey
1857 Lucknow 48th Mutiny at Lucknow
1857 Peshawar Native garrison were disarmed
1857 Kanpur2nd Cavalry Mutinies Satichaura Ghat Massacre Massacre of women and children in the Bibighar
1857 Delhi Battle of Badli-ki-Serai
1857 Jhansi
Rani Lakshmi Bai protested against the denial of rights of her adopted son and led successful defense of Jhansi against invading armies
Rani Lakshmi Bai
1857 Meerut 50 Europeans killed by sepoy and crowd
1857 Kanpur Second Battle of Cawnpore (Kanpur): Tatya Tope defeated by Company forces Tatya Tope
1857 Jhelum Mutiny of native troops against British
1857 Gurdaspur Battle of Trimmu Ghat
1858 Calcutta East India Company abolished
1858 GwaliorBattle of Gwalior when Rani Lakshmi Bai with Maratha rebels captured Gwalior from Scindia rulers
Rani Lakshmi Bai
1858 Jhansi Rani Laxmibai died Rani Lakshmi Bai
1859 Shivpuri Tatya Tope captured and executed Tatya Tope
1876 Queen Victoria declared as the "Empress of India"
1885 Bombay Indian National Congress formed by AO Hume AO Hume
1898 Lord Curzon became Viceroy
1905 Surat Swadeshi Movement started
1905 Bengal Partition of Bengal
1906 Dhaka All India Muslim League founded Aga Khan III
1908 30th April: Khudiram Bose was executed
1908 Mandalay Tilak was sentenced to six years on charges of sedition Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1909 Minto-Morley Reforms or Indian Councils Act
1911 Delhi Delhi durbar held. Partition of Bengal was canceled
1912 Delhi New Delhi established as the new capital of India
1912 Delhi Delhi Conspiracy Case to assassinate Lord Hardinge (Viceroy of India)
1914 The Ghadar Party was formed at San Francisco
1914 Kolkata Komargata Maru incident
1915 Mumbai Gopal Krishna Gokhale died
1916 Lucknow Lucknow Pact Signed Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1916 Pune Tilak founded Indian Home Rule League first in Poona (Pune) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1916 Madras Annie Besant led Home Rule League Annie Besant
1917 Champaran Mahatma Gandhi launched the Champaran campaign in Bihar Mahatma Gandhi
1917 Montagu Declaration made by Secretary of State, Edwin Samuel Montagu
1918 Champaran Champaran Agraria Law passed
1918 Kheda Kheda Satyagraha
1918 Beginning of trade union movement in India
1919 Amritsar Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1919 Rowlatt Act passed by Imperial Legislative Council in London
1919 Khilafat Movement started
1920 Tilak founded the Congress Democratic Party
1920 Non-Cooperation Movement started Mahatma Gandhi
1920 All India Trade Union Congress started Narayan Malhar Joshi
1920 Calcutta Gandhiji proposed a resolution that called for British to grant dominion status to India Mahatma Gandhi
1921 Malabar Moplah rebellion
1922 Chauri Chaura Chauri Chaura incident
1922 Allahabad Swaraj Party formed Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
1925 Communist Party of India was formed
1925 Kakori Kakori Conspiracy Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrasekhar Azad
1925 Bardoli Bardoli Satyagraha Vallabhbhai Patel
1928 Bombay Simon Commission arrives in Bombay and an all-India hartal was observed
1928 Lahore Lala Lajpat Rai assaulted by police at Lahore and later died due to injuries Lala Lajpat Rai
1928 Nehru Report proposed new Dominion Constitution of India. Motilal Nehru
1929 Lahore Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress held Pt Jawaharlal Nehru
1929 LahoreFreedom fighter Jatindra Nath Das fasted till death for demanding better facilities for prisoners
Jatindra Nath Das
1929 All Parties Muslim Conference formulates the 'Fourteen Points' Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1929 Lord Irwin announced that the Government would meet for a Round Table Conference with Indian representatives
1929 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the flag of India
1930 Purna Swaraj declaration was publicized by the Indian National Congress
1930 Sabarmati Ashram
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement with Dandi March or the Salt March
Mahatma Gandhi
1930 Chittagong Chittagong Armoury Raid Surya Sen
1930 LondonFirst Round Table Conference begins in London to consider the report of the Simon Commission
1931 Lahore Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru hanged till death Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru
1931 Gandhi Irwin Pack signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin
1931 Second Round Table Conference
Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail, S.K. Dutta, Sir Syed Ali Imam
1932 The Indian National Congress and its associate organizations declared illegal
1932 Gandhiji was arrested for sedition without trial Mahatma Gandhi
1932
British Prime Minister, Ramsay Macdonald announced the "Communal Award" to grant separate electorates to Indian minority communities
1932 Gandhiji began his "fast unto death" to improve status of untouchable castes that lasted for six days
Mahatma Gandhi
1932 London The Third Round Table Conference
1933 Gandhiji fasts to focus attention on the welfare of untouchables. Mahatma Gandhi
1934 Gandhiji withdraws himself from active politics and dedicates himself towards constructive programmes
Mahatma Gandhi
1935 The Government of India Act 1935 passed
1937 Indian Provincial Elections held under the Government of India Act 1935
1938 Haripura Haripura session of the Indian National Congress held
1938 Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress Subhash Chandra Bose
1939 Jabalpur Tripuri Session conducted
1939
Congress ministries in the provinces resigned to protest against the war policy of the British government. Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the post of the Indian National Congress' President
Subhash Chandra Bose
1939 The Muslim League observes 'Deliverance Day' to celebrate the resignation of the Congress ministries
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1940 Lahore Session held by the Muslim League for the creation of 'Independent States' for Muslims
1940 'August Offer 1940' made by Lord Linlithgow that offered Indians' the right to create their own Constitution
1940 WardhaCongress Working Committee rejects the 'August Offer' and launched 'Individual Satyagraha'
1941 Subhash Chandra Bose escapes from India Subhash Chandra Bose
1942 Quit India Movement or August Movement started
1942 Churchill announces the Cripps Mission
1942 Bombay Indian National Congress adopted 'Quit India' Resolution
1942 Gandhiji and other top Congress leaders were arrested Mahatma Gandhi
1942 'Azad Hind Fauj' established Subhash Chandra Bose
1943 Port Blair Cellular Jail declared as the headquarter of the Provisional Government of India
1943 Subhash Chandra Bose proclaims the formation of the Provisional Government of free India
Subhash Chandra Bose
1943 Karachi Karachi session of the Muslim League adopted the slogan 'Divide and Rule'
1944 MoirangColonel Shaukat Malik of the Azad Hind Fauj defeated British in the region with Japanese support
Colonel Shaukat Ali
1944 ShimlaSimla Conference held between Viceroy Archibald Wavellin and Indian political leaders
1946 Delhi Cabinet Mission Plan passed
1946 Delhi Constituent Assembly formed
1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny
1946 Delhi Cabinet Mission arrives in New Delhi
1946 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru takes over as Congress President Jawahar Lal Nehru
1946 Interim Government of India formed
1946 Delhi First session of the Constituent Assembly of India held
1947 British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee declared that the British government would grant full self government to British India
1947 Lord Mountbatten appointed as the Viceroy of India and then became the first Governor General of Independent India
1947
Mountbatten Plan was made for the partition of India into fully sovereign dominions - India and Pakistan with effect from 15th August 1947 under the Indian Independence Act 1947
LIST OF PREVIOUS YR QUES
1. The Sangai Festival is organized in __:[A]Assam[B]Manipur[C]Mizoram[D]Nagaland
ManipurExplanationThe Sangai festival is an annual cultural festival organised by Manipur Tourism Department on every year from November 21 to 30. The festival as named as the Sangai Festival to stage the uniqueness of the shy and gentle brow-antlered deer popularly known as the Sangai Deer, which is the state animal of Manipur.
2. The “Helmand Province” of Afghanistan is famous for cultivation of __:[A]Tobacco[B]Opium
OpiumExplanationHelmand is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in south of the country. Helmand is believed to be one of the world’s largest opium-producing regions, responsible for around 75% of the world’s total production. This is believed to be more than the whole of Burma, which is the second largest producing nation after Afghanistan.
3. In which state, Green Partners conservation programme aimed at turtle conservation is being organised?[A]Kerala[B]Bihar[C]Odisha[D]Tamil Nadu
KeralaExplanationThe Kerala forest and wild department is teaming up with various citizen groups to offer optimum nesting and breeding facilities for the avian visitors and marine turtles. Named Green Partners, the citizen-centric conservation programme seeks to enhance the support base for turtle conservation and improve the capacity of individuals.
4. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a trade agreement under negotiation between European Union and __?[A]Canada[B]USA[C]Russia[D]Japan
USAExplanationThe Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a trade agreement that is presently being negotiated between the European Union and the United States. It aims at removing trade barriers in wide range of economic sectors to make it easier to buy and sell goods and services between the EU and the US.
5. Which among the following river does not flow from east to west?[A]Tapti[B]Narmada[C]Krishna[D]Mahi
Narmada
6. Who wrote ‘Indian War of Independence, 1857′?[A] R.C Majumdar[B] V.D. Savarkar[C] S.B. Chaudhary[D] S.N. Sen
V.D. SavarkarExplanationV.D. Savarkar : He was the proponent of liberty as the ultimate ideal. Savarkar was a poet, writer and playwright. He was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society. Savarkar published ‘The Indian War of Independence’ about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities.
7. Dalhousie’s worst political blunder was ___?[A] Annexation of Punjab[B] Occupation of lower Burma[C] Abolition of the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’[D] Annexation of Oudh
Annexation of OudhExplanationAnnexation of Oudh in February 1856 was a very important decision taken by Lord Dalhousie. But the annexation of Oudh was surely the company’s and Dalhousie’s worst blunder. It proved disadvantageous for the English as the people of Oudh strongly participated in the Revolt of 1857. The English used their giant`s strength and had injured their reputation in the eyes of the Indians. During the Revolt of 1857, the sepoys of Oudh had brought about havoc and had added to the difficulties of the British. It is said that the forced abduction of Wajid Ali Shah and annexation of Oudh were offences against good faith and public conscience.
8. The Congress is in reality a civil war without arms. The above statement was made by ___?[A] W. Wedderburn[B] Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan[C] D.W. Bethune[D] Lord Dufferin
Sir Saiyid Ahmad KhanExplanationThe above statement was made by Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan, who denounced congress in blunt terms. “The Congress is in reality,” he said, “a civil war without arms. The object of a civil war is to determine in whose hands the rule of the country shall rest.”
9. The Governor General of India at the time of foundation of Indian National Congress was __?[A] Lord Chelmsford[B] Lord Dalhousie[C] Lord Dufferin[D] None of these
Lord DufferinExplanationLord Dufferin, Governor General and Viceroy of India (1884-1888).
10. Who among the following founded Theosophical Society in USA?[A] Dr. Annie Besant[B] A. O. Hume[C] Tilak and Gokhale[D] Madam Blavatsky and Olcott
Madam Blavatsky and OlcottExplanationMadam HP Blavatsky ,a Russian woman & Col. H.S Olcott ,an American ,founded the Theosophical Society in Newyork in 1875 . They advocated the revival & strengthening of ancient religions of Hinduism.
11. The first President of the Indian Home Rule League (1916)was__?[A] Joseph Bapista[B] Annie Besant[C] N.C. Kelkar[D] B.G. Tilak
ExplanationIndian Home Rule League of Bal Gangadhar Tilak was launched in April 1916 and Home Rule League in Sept 1916 by Annie Besant. Joseph Bapista was the first President of the Indian Home Rule League established in April 1916 .
12. The founder of Satya Shodhak Samaj was ___?[A] Atmaram Pandurang[B] Gopal Hari Deshmukh[C] M. G. Ranade[D] Jyotiba Phule
Jyotiba PhuleExplanationJyotiba Phule was an activist, thinker, social reformer, writer, philosopher, theologist, scholar, editor and revolutionary from Maharashtra founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 in Maharshtra..
13. Who among the following is known as Father of Muslim Renaissance in Bengal?[A] Syed Ahmad Khan[B] Ameer Ali[C] Nawab Abdul Latif Khan[D] Nawab Samiullah Khan
Nawab Abdul Latif KhanExplanationNawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828-1893)a prominent personality of mid 19th century Bengal, the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of those great men who appeared as saviours of their frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganised fellow countrymen under colonial rule. His chief contribution was in the field of education. He was among the first to understand that young Bengali Muslims should receive modern education. He understood that the Muslims of Bengal had fallen behind in everything because of their prejudices against modern education. He devoted his whole life to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their minds.
14. Who among the following was not one of the founding fathers of the All India Muslim League ?[A] Nawab Moshin-ul-Mulk[B] Maulana Abul KalamAzad[C] Aga Khan[D] Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
Maulana Abul KalamAzadExplanationIn Dec. 1906 “All India Muslim League” was set up under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah Khan of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-ul Mulk at Dacca. The League supported the Partition of Bengal and opposed the Swadeshi Movement and demanded the special safeguards for its community and separate electorate of Muslims.
15. Which was the only session of Indian National Congress, presided by Mahatma Gandhi?[A] Allahabad[B] Guwahati[C] Belgaum[D] Kakinada
BelgaumExplanationGandhiji became the president of Indian National Congress in 1924 at the Belgaum session of Indian National Congress.
16. The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in which session of Congress?[A] Madras session of 1903
[B] Bombay session of 1904[C] Benaras session of 1905[D] Calcutta session of 1906
Calcutta session of 1906ExplanationCalcutta session of 1906 :President: Dada Bhai Naroji : the resolution of Swadeshi was adopted.
17. President of Indian National Congress at the time of independence was___?[A] J. B. Kripalani[B] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad[C] Dr. Rajendra Prasad[D] Jawahar Lal Nehru
J. B. KripalaniExplanationJ. B. Kripalani was the President of Indian National Congress at the time of independence. Acharya (scholar) Jiwantram Bhagwandas Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist, mystic and freedom fighter, noted for his incorruptibility and determination.
18. Who is known as Father of Indian Unrest ?[A] Dadabhai Nauroji[B] G. K. Gokhale[C] Mahatma Gandhi[D] Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar TilakExplanationBal Gangadhar Tilak joined congress in 1890. He is known as the Father of Indian Unrest, who first of all demanded complete “Swarajya”.
19. The first Englishmen to preside over a Congress session was __?[A] George Yule[B] Dufferin[C] W. Wedderburn[D] None of these
George YuleExplanationGeorge Yule was a Scottish businessman who became the fourth President of INC in 1888,the first non-indian to hold that office.
20. Which among the following organizations merged with Congress in 1886?[A] East Indian Association[B] Indian National Conference[C] British Indian Association[D] Indian League
Indian National ConferenceExplanationThe Second session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1886 in Calcutta. The President of the session was Dadabhai Naoroji. In this session the Indian Association merged with the Indian National Congress. ( The Indian National Association was the founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876.).
21. The British empire is rotten to the core, corrupt in every direction and tyrannical and mean. The above statement was made by __?[A] Mrs. Annie Besant
[B] W. Digby[C] Sister Nivedita[D] William Wedderburn
Sister NiveditaExplanationSister Nivedita : Born as Margaret Elizabeth Noble, she was more popularly known as sister Nivedita. She was a Scots-Irish social worker, author, teacher and a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. She was described as a real lioness by Vivekananda, ‘Lokmata’ (the mother of the people) by Rabindra Nath Tagore and Agnishikha (the flame of fire) by Aurobindo Ghosh. In England she was known as ‘The Champion for India’. Many of her letters written between 1900-1905 to her friend Miss Macleod reveal her hatred for British rule. One such letter writes “The British empire is rotten to the core – corrupt in every direction, and tyrannical and mean.
22. Which among the following was the venue of the INA trial?[A] Calcutta High Court[B] Supreme Court[C] Federal Court[D] Red Fort
Red FortExplanationI.N.A. (Indian National Army) trial : P.K.Sehgal,Shah Nawaj Khan and Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon were put on trial at the Red Fort in Nov 1945. The chief defence advocate during INA trial was Bhulabhai Desai.
23. Which among the following was the most revolutionary secret organization of Bengal?[A] Abhinava Bharat[B] Mitra Mela[C] Ghadar Party[D] Anushilan Samiti
Anushilan SamitiExplanationAnushilan Samiti: The most revolutionary secret organization of Bengal was founded by Pramath Nath Mitra in 1902.
24. The Grand Old Man of Indian politics was__?[A] Bipin Chandra Pal[B] Dadabhai Naoroji[C] Surendra Nath Bannerjee[D] Rasbehari Bose
Dadabhai NaorojiExplanationDadabhai Naoroji is known as mentor of both Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Mahatma Gandhi. His magnum opus ‘‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’’ propounded the ‘‘drain theory’’ He was the first Indian to become a member of the House of Commons on the Liberal Party ticket. He became the president of INC thrice, in 1886, 1893 and 1906.
25. Moderates and the Extremists in the Indian National Congress split in 1907 at __?[A] Surat[B] Calcutta[C] Nagpur[D] Madras
ExplanationThe growing differences between the Moderates and the Extremists came at Surat Session 1907,when against the wishes of Extremists who preferred Lala Laj Pat rai to be the President ; Dr. Raj Bhirai Ghosh was elected as the Congress President.The Extremists left the Congress. After the surat Split, most of the extremist leaders including Lal,Bal,Pal were arrested and were given long term imprisonment.
26. Who among the following defended Aurbindo Ghosh in the Alipore conspiracy case?[A] Tej Bahadur Sapru[B] Motilal Nehru[C] Jawahar Lal Nehru[D] Chitranjan Das
Chitranjan DasExplanationChitta Ranjan Das (Deshbandhu) (1870-1925). A great nationalist and famous jurist, he defended Aurobindo Ghose in the Alipore Conspiracy Case (1908) and was the defense counsel in the Dacca Conspiracy Case. He was the elected President of the Congress session held in Ahmedabad in 1921. He was a founder of the Swarajya Party. He presided over the All-India Trade Union Congress at Lahore in 1923 and at Ahmedabad in 1924.
27. Which city is known for the “Jhanda Satyagraha” and observance of the All India Flag Day on June 18, 1923?[A] Kanpur[B] Nagpur[C] Nainital[D] Bhopal
NagpurExplanationWith the observance of the All India Flag Day on June 18, 1923, the Jhanda Satyagraha assumed national complexion with Nagpur as its headquarters and “Nagpur Chalo” as its slogan.
28. Which among the following was the venue of All India Khilafat Conference, 1919?[A] Lucknow[B] Delhi[C] Aligarh[D] Porbandar
DelhiExplanationAll India Khilafat Conference : In November 1919, a joint conference of the Muslims and Hindus was called at Delhi in pursuance of the Muslim League President Fazl-ul-Haq . Gandhi ji suggested to start the non –cooperation movement which was opposed by Jinnah. In December 1919, the Khilafat Conference held its second session . The third Khilafat Conference was held in February 1920 at Bombay .
29. Who among the following were the main leaders of Khilafat Movement?[A] Syed Ahmad Khan and Agha khan[B] Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali[C] Muhammad Iqbal and Salimullah Khan[D] Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sikandar Hayat Khan
Mohammad Ali and Shaukat AliExplanationThe main object of the Khilafat Movement was to force the British Government to change its attitude towards Turkey and restore the Turkish Sultan (Khalifa) to his former position. A Khilafat committee was formed under the leadership of Ali brothers, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani.
30. Gandhi’s Dandi March is associated with which among the following movements?[A] Partition of Bengal[B] Khilafat Movement[C] Non-cooperation Movement[D] Civil Disobedience Movement
Civil Disobedience MovementExplanationThe Civil Disobedience Movement (The First Phase) and the Dandi March – March 12, 1930 – March 5, 1931 Gandhi, on March 12, 1930 started march from the Sabarmati Ashram with 72 people and reached Dandi (coastal Gujarat) in April 6, 1930, and broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt at Dandi and announced the commencement of Civil Disobedience Movement.
31. Which among the following was the first civil disobedience movement of Mahatma Gandhi in India?[A] Kheda Satyagraha[B] Champaran Satyagraha[C] Ahmedabad Mill Strike[D] None of the above
ChamparanExplanationChamparan Satyagraha 1917 : It was his first civil disobedience movement in India.Gandhiji entered into the active politics with Champaran satyagraha to redress grievances of the cultivators oppressed by Indigo planters of Bihar.
32. Which among the following marks Mahatma Gandhi’s first fast unto death?[A] Kheda Satyagraha[B] Champaran Satyagraha[C] Ahmedabad Mill Strike[D] Jallianwala Bagh tragedy
At the time of Jallianwala Bagh tragedyExplanationIn March 1918, under the leadership of Gandhi, there was a strike in the cotton mills in Ahmedabad. It was at this juncture that Gandhi began the ‘first’ of his seventeen ‘fasts unto death’ on 15 March, 1918.
33. Who among the following is said to have hatched the Delhi Conspiracy 1912?[A] Rasbehari Bose[B] Bhai Paramanand[C] Sachindranath Sanyal[D] Sohan Lal Pathak
Rasbehari BoseExplanationDelhi conspiracy refers to a conspiracy in 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. On December 23rd 1912, when the possession of Lord Hardinge reached Chandni Chowk (Delhi), a bomb aimed at Hardinge ended up killing a man to his right and 20 other spectators. Basanta Kumar Bisbas, who threw the bomb disguised as a lady was arrested and hanged in Ambala jail. It is said that the Delhi Conspiracy was hatched by Ras Bihari Bose, but was never proved.
34. Who among the following established the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922?[A] Narain Malhar Joshi[B] Amritlal Vitthaldas Thakkar[C] Jyotiba Phule[D] Baba Amte
ExplanationAmritlal Vithaldas Thakkar, popularly known as Thakkar Bapa He was an Indian social worker who worked for upliftment of tribal people in Gujarat state in India. In 1922, he founded the Bhil Seva Mandal.
35. Who among the following established the Ved Samaj in Madras in 1864?[A] Keshabchandra Sen[B] Lokhitwadi[C] Shibnath Shastri[D] Debendranath Tagore
Keshub Chander SenExplanationReform in Southern India Brahmo Samaj under the leadership of Keshabchandra Sen made its appearance in 1864 in Madras with the name Ved Samaj.
36. The magna carta of western education system in India is___?[A] The report of the Committee of Public Instruction, 1823[B] The Charter Act of 1833[C] Report of the Hunter Commission, 1862[D] Wood’s Despatch, 1854
Wood’s Despatch, 1854ExplanationWood’s Despatch on Education in 1854 laid the foundation of Indian educational system and the establishments of Universities in Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. The despatch came to be considered as the Magna Carta of English education in India. The Scheme of education, as proposed by Wood`s Despatch, envisaged a co-ordinated system of education through out the country.
37. Who among the following preached the doctrine of “One religion, one caste and one God for mankind“?[A] Jyotiba Phule[B] Vivekananda[C] Sri Narayan Guru[D] Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Sri Narayan GuruExplanationSri Narayana Guru preached the doctrine of ‘One caste, One religion, One God.’ Its worth note that one of his athiest disciples, Sahadaran Ayyapan, changed into ‘no religion, no caste and no God for mankind.
38. The leader of revolt of 1857 in Lucknow was __?[A] Tatya Tope[B] Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah[C] Birjis Qadir[D] Begum Hazrat Mahal
Begum Hazrat MahalExplanationBegum Hazrat Mahal :The wife of Nawab Wazid Ali Shah of Awadh. She ruled on behalf of her 11-year-old son Birjis Qadar .and led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow .She refused to accept the pension offered to her by the British and choose to die unmourned in Nepal.
39. Which among the following was annexed into the East India territories via the Doctrine of Lapse?[A] Satara[B] Nagpur[C] Jhansi[D] Mysore
ExplanationThe company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), Tanjore and Arcot (1855) and Awadh (Oudh, 1856, with the reason that the ruler was not ruling properly) and Udaipur using this doctrine. Mysore was not among them.
40. Who among the following entered into a triple alliance against Haider immediately before the first Anglo-Mysore war of 1767-69 ?1. The English2. Nizam of Hyderabad3. The Marathas4. Raja of TravancoreChoose the correct option from the codes given below:[A] 1, 2, 3[B] 1, 3, 4[C] 1, 2, 4[D] 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3ExplanationIn 1766 the British, the Marathas, and the Nizam of Hyderabad entered into a triple alliance against Haider. However, Haider soon bought off the Marathas. The Nizam abandoned the war in 1768, leaving the British to face Haider Ali alone. The latter attacked Arcot and reached the outskirts of Madras. He dictated peace on the basis of the status quo. The English also agreed to help Haider Ali against any third party invasion in future.
41. Which among the following was the first Presidency of British East India Company in India ?[A] Madras[B] Masulipattam[C] Surat[D] Hugli
SuratExplanationSurat was the first Presidency of British East India Company in India. The other Presidency of the Company at that time in the east was at Bantam in Java where Captain Lancaster had, earlier, during 1601-1603, established a factory of the Company.
42. Who among the following was the founder of French East India Company for trade in India?[A] Colbert[B] Francois Martin[C] Francois Caron[D] De La Haye
ColbertExplanationThe founder of French East India Company for trade in India was Colbert in 1664. Colbert served as the French Controller-General of Finances from 1665 to 1683, and created the Compagnie des Indes Orientales françaises (French East India Company). The 1st French factory was established at Surat by Francois Caron in 1668.
43. On which among the following occasions, Bombay was handed over to Britishers by the Portuguese ?[A] Freedom of Portuguese from the control of Spain[B] Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza[C] Crushing of Spanish Armada by British in 1588[D] The Treaty of Madrid in 1630
Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of BraganzaExplanationMarriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza was the occasion of handing over of Bombay to Britishers by the Portuguese (as part of dowry ).On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the British East India Company for an annual rent of £10.
44. Which among the following Sultans called himself Naib-i-Khudai?[A] Iltutmish[B] Balban[C] Alauddin Khalji[D] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
BalbanExplanationBalban’s theory of kingship had two main objectives: first, to enhance the prestige of the crown through elaborate court rituals. Second, the restoration of law and order and had to choose between ‘consolidation’ and ‘expansion’ as the guiding principle of his administrative policy. He preferred consolidation. He himself called Naib-i-Khudai or Deputy of God and impressed upon the people that kingship was vice-regency of god on earth
45. Which among the following was the venue of the Second Round Table Conference at London?[A] St. James Palace[B] Kingsley Palace[C] Buckingham Palace[D] 10, Downing Street
St. James PalaceExplanationSecond Round Table Conference 1931 : It was held in London during the viceroyalty of Lord Willingdon during Sept- Dec. 1931 and Gandhi ji attended as the soul representative of Congress. But the conference was failed because Gandhiji didn’t’ agree on the policy of communal representation.
46. “Springing Tiger: A Study of a Revolutionary” is a biographical work on __?[A] Bhagat Singh[B] Chandrashekhar Azad[C] Subhas Chandra Bose[D] Shyamji Krishna Verma
ExplanationSpringing Tiger is the work of Hugh Toye about Subhash Chandra Bose. This book presents the little known facts about the World War II and the Anglo-Indian relations during those periods. The author vividly describes the life, philosophy, idealism, nationalism and political astuteness of Subhash Chandra Bose.
47. Consider the following events of Indian National Movement.1. Gandhi Irwin Pact2. Poona Pact3. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress.4. Individual SatyagrahaSelect the correct chronological order of the events from the codes given below.Codes :[A] 1, 3, 2, 4[B] 2, 3, 4, 1[C] 3, 4, 2, 1[D] 4, 3, 2, 1
1, 3, 2, 4Explanation
1. Gandhi Irwin Pact signed on March 5,1931.2. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress held on March 26-31,1931.3. Poona Pact: agreement between Gandhi And BR Ambedkar on September 25,1932.4. Individual Satyagraha was started on 1940-41.
48. The first Indian woman to preside a session of Indian National Congress was__?[A] Rajkumari Amrit Kaur[B] Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit[C] Aruna Asaf Ali[D] Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini NaiduExplanationSarojini Naidu :»Popularly known as ‘Nightingle of India’.»1st indian woman who became the congress president in 1925 at Calcutta Session.»Influnced by Gopal Krishna Gokhale , later she work in almost all Gandhian Movements.
49. The Congress and Muslim League had most cordial relationships in between which among the following years?[A] 1906 to 1916[B] 1916 to 1922[C] 1922 to 1928[D] 1928 to 1934
1916 to 1922ExplanationIn between 1916 – 1922, the Congress had best of relationship with the Muslim League.
50. The drain theory of Dadabhai Naoroji was formally accepted in which among the sessions of the Indian National Congress?[A] Benaras session, 1905[B] Calcutta session, 1906[C] Surat session, 1907[D] None of the above
ExplanationCalcutta Session ,1896 ,INC officially accepted the “ Drain Theory”.President of Congress was Dadabhai Naoroji.
51. Kumaran Asan is associated with the social renaissance in which among the following current states?[A] Kerala[B] Tamil Nadu[C] Andhra Pradesh[D] None of the above
KeralaExplanationN. Kumaran Asan (1873–1924), also known as Mahakavi Kumaran Asan, was one of the triumvirate poets of Kerala, South India. He was also a philosopher, a social reformer and a disciple of Sree Narayana Guru.
52. The annulment of Partition of Bengal was done by __?[A] Lord Curzon[B] Lord Minto[C] Lord Hardinge[D] Lord Chelmsford
Lord HardingeExplanationLord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India (1910- 1916), is remembered for the annulment of the Partition of Bengal in 1911. Other points are –
Held a durbar in December, 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V. Capital Shifted from Calcutta to Delhi 1911. A bomb was thrown at him ; but he escaped unhurt.(December 23,1912). Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa (1915). Annie Besant announced the Home Rule Movement. In 1915,Hindu Maha Sabha was founded by Madan Mohan Malvi.
53. Which among the following regions was most affected by the Revolution of 1857 ?[A] Punjab[B] Maharashtra[C] Avadh[D] Madras
AvadhExplanationThe Revolt of 1857: Awadh, one of the main centers of the Revolt, was annexed by Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India, in 1856. Begum Hazrat Mahal also known as Begum of Awadh , during the national liberation uprising of 1857-59 in India headed the rebels.
54. Mahalwari System of Revenue Settlement was introduced in which of the following?[A] Bengal[B] Bombay[C] Madras[D] North Western Provinces
North Western ProvincesExplanationLand revenue system
Permanent settlement introduced in Bengal,Bihar ,Orissa and districts of Benaras and Northern districts of Madras by Lorrd Cornwallis in 1793.
Ryotwari System introduced in Bombay and Madras . Mahalwari system was introduced in the North West Provinces, the Punjab, Delhi, Parts of Central India
and Uttar Pradesh In this system, the land was not owned by an individual be it zamindar or any cultivator but by a group of estates or villages called Mahal. The Mahal was collectively known as the landlord and revenue was collected from the head of the Mahal, also known as Talukdar.
55. What is the correct chronological order of setting up of the following Commissions ?1. Macdonell Commission2. First Industrial Commission3. First Fiscal CommissionSelect the correct answer from the code given below.[A] 1, 2, 3[B] 2, 3, 1[C] 2, 1, 3[D] 1, 3, 2
1, 2, 3ExplanationCommissions :
1. Macdonell Commission 1901 was the famine commission appointed by Lord Curzon.2. First Industrial Commission: In 1916 an Industrial Commission was appointed to find out means for
giving encouragement for the growth of Indian industries.The report of the commission was submitted in 1918.
3. First Fiscal Commission : Indian Fiscal Commission was established in 1919 and it recommended tariff protection for certain industries. As a follow up to the recommendations to this commission ,a tariff board was established in 1923 and in 1924,the Steel Industry of India was given protection.
56. The British East India Company ceased to be a trading Company via which among the following legislation?[A] Pitts India Act of 1784[B] Charter Act of 1833[C] Charter Act of 1813[D] Government of India Act 1858
Charter Act of 1833ExplanationThe charter act 1833: It is considered to be an attempt to codify all Indian Laws. The Governor General of Bengal now became the The Governor General of India. One of the Provision of this act – “the East India Company now lost its trading privilege i.e., tea and monopoly in China ,henceforth it became a purely administrative body under the crown.”
57. Which one of the following native states was NOT annexed by the British on the basis of the Doctrine of Lapse ?[A] Satara[B] Punjab[C] Jhansi[D] Karauli
PunjabExplanationDoctrine of Lapse: formula devised by Lord Dalhousie, governor-general of India (1848–56), to deal with questions of succession to Hindu Indian states.»Satara was annexed in 1848.»Sambalpur was annexed in 1849.
»Karauli was annexed in 1852.»Jhansi was annexed in 1854.
58. Avadh was annexed into the British East India territories on which ground?[A] Doctrine of Lapse[B] Alleged misgovernment[C] Failure to pay subsidy[D] Maintenance of relations with foreign powers
Alleged misgovernmentExplanationThe kingdom of Oudh was the only great Indian state whose ruler Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was dispossessed on the ground of “intolerable misgovernment”. Awadh was annexed in February 1856 via a proclamation.
59. Who said that British established a robber state in Bengal between 1765 and 1772 ?[A] G. W. Forrest[B] Lord Macaulay[C] K. M. Panikkar[D] Nand Lal Chatterji
K. M. PanikkarExplanationK. M. Panikkar was an Indian scholar, journalist, historian, administrator and diplomat. He wrote that between 1765-1772, British had “established a robber state where, without reference to the rights of the others, they freely plundered and looted under the cover of thier rights”.
60. The first victim of the British policy of Subsidiary Alliance was___?(A) Avadh[B] Mewar[C] Mysore[D] Hyderabad
HyderabadExplanationA subsidiary alliance is an alliance between a dominant nation and a nation that it dominates.The 1st victim of the policy of subsidiary alliance of Lord Wellesley was the Nizam of Hyderabad. Read Here
61. The Peshwa accepted the Subsidiary Alliance with the British via which among the following treaties?[A] Treaty of Purandhar[B] Treaty of Bassein[C] Treaty of Salbai[D] Treaty of Surji Arjungaon
Treaty of BasseinExplanationTreaty of Bassein 1802:a) In 1802,Baji Rao-II killed Bithurji Holkar (younger brother of Yashwant Rao Holkar.b) To take the revenge of it ,Yashwant Rao Holkar attacked on Poona & capture it.c) To get the throne of Poona ,Bajirao-II signed the Treaty of Bassein.As per the Treaty of Bassein (1802) –»A subsidiary force consisting of not less than 6000 regular infantary ,with the usual proportion of field artillery and European artillery»For the maintenance of subsdiary troops Rs.26 lakhs were too kept.»Not to entertain any European except British.»Not to claim over Surat and Baroda .»Not to declare war without consulting British.
62. Under which among the following treaties, the British East India Company secured the Diwani right of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ?[A] Alinagar[B] Faizabad[C] Allahabad[D] Benaras
AllahabadExplanationTreaty of Allahabad ( 16 August 1765), it was the outcome of the Battle of Buxar (1764).Robert Clive (Governor General of Bengal) made a separate treaty with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-daullah. A/c to this treaty, Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) to the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
63. “The Meerut outbreak was sudden and short-lived like a summer gale”. This statement with reference to 1857 mutiny was of __?[A] S. N. Sen[B] S. B. Chaudhari[C] V. D. Savarkar[D] R. C. Majumdar
S. N. SenExplanation»The Revolt of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company’s army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut»The Merrut 1857 Uprising was described by Dr.Surendra Nath Sen-“ Like summer gale revolt of Meerut was unprecedented and short-lived”.»In 1956, the Indian government commissioned him to write a history of the Indian Popular Uprising of 1857–59; the work, entitled Eighteen Fifty-seven, was published in 1957.
64. In which among the following years, Bombay transferred to the East India Company by Charles II ?[A] 1662 A.D.[B] 1664 A.D.[C] 1666 A.D.[D] 1668 A.D.
1668 A.D.ExplanationOn 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the British East India Company for an annual rent of £10.
65. Hind Swaraj, a book by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909 was originally written in __?[A] Hindi[B] Urdu[C] Gujarati[D] English
GujaratiExplanationHind Swaraj : Written in Gujarati in 1909 ,the title of the first definitive writing of Mahatma Gandhi, and which continues to evoke critical interest the world over even now, literally means ‘self-rule in India’.
66. Fatehchand (one of the traitors of Plassey) was bestowed with the title of Jagath Seth by __?[A] Alivardi Khan[B] Sirajuddaula[C] Mir Zafar[D] Muhammad Shah
Muhammad ShahExplanationFatehchand was adopted son of Manik Chand. He obtained the title of “Seth” from the Emperor Farrakhsiyar. Muhammad Shah bestowed him with the title of “Jagat Seth”.
67. Who was the Nawab of Bengal when the incident of “Black Hole” took place ?[A] Mir Zafar[B] Mir Qasim[C] Alivardi Khan[D] Sirajuddaula
SirajuddaulaExplanationSirajuddaula: 20 June 1756 , the incident of “Black Hole” take place.It is said that Nawab Sirajuddaula took 146 english as prisoners and shut down them for the night in a small cell. Out of 146,only 23 survive in the next morning. The story is disputed.
68. With reference to Bahadur Shah Zafar, which among the following statements is not true?[A] He was an emperor without empire[B] He was a warrior without any war experience[C] Hassan Askari was his spiritual guide[D] He succeeded to the throne in 1845 A.D.
He succeeded to the throne in 1845 A.D.ExplanationMughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar succeeded to the throne in 1837 A.D.
69. Who of the following wrote the first Indian poetic work in English?[A] Kashi Prasad Ghosh[B] Ramchandra Vidyavagish[C] Krishna Mohan Banerjee[D] Hariharanand
Kashi Prasad GhoshExplanationFirst Indian poetic work in English, The Shair and Other Poems by Kashi Prasad Ghosh was published in 1830.
70. The Portuguese built their first fortress in India at __?[A] Cochin[B] Goa[C] Anjidiv[D] Cannanore
CochinExplanationThe Portuguese build their first fortress in Cochin.
71. Which was the first State to be created on linguistic basis ?[A] Madras[B] Andhra Pradesh[C] Andhra State[D] Gujarat
Andhra StateExplanationThe congress in its Jaipur session appointed a three member committee also popularly known as JVP committee after the name of its leaders – Jawaharlal Nehru,Vallabh Bhai Patel and Pattabhai Sitaramaya.The
committee rejected language as the bass of reorganization of states.. Potti Sreeramulu, one of the activists demanding the formation of a Telugu-majority state, died on 16 December 1952 after undertaking a fast-unto-death. This resulted in the creation of the first state on linguistic basis for Telugu speaking people called Andhra State on October 1, 1953. It was later renamed Andhra Pradesh.
72. The Bijauliya Movement is related to the agrarian struggle in the current state of __?[A] Kerala[B] Assam[C] Rajasthan[D] Orissa
RajasthanExplanationBijoliya Kisaan Andolan- It was a pioneer agrarian movement in the Mewar State in present Udaipur District.The Jagirdar of Bijolia was a Parmar Rajput having 96 villages in his jagir. There were 86 different taxes on peasants against which peasants revolted in 1905. The initial leadership was provided by Sitaram Das. The movement got linked to national movement.Vijay (Bijoy) Singh Pathik and Manik Lal Verma (future Chief Minister of Rajasthan) led a no tax movement in 1916. It was called Bijolia movement. The peasants refused to do begar and held back the taxes. The movement continued through 1920s and spread over to other States of Rajputana.
73. Who was the President of the “Flag Committee” ?[A] B. R. Ambedkar[B] J. B. Kriplani[C] K. M. Munshi[D] D. P. Khetan
J. B. KriplaniExplanationWhen the Indian constitution drafted , The flag committee worked under J.B.Kripalani. The flag of the congress party accepted as the National Flag with few changes on July 22, 1974. The new flag code of India gives freedom to individual to hoist the flag on all days, but with due respect to the flag.
74. Which one of the following leaders was not a part of Non cooperation movement ?[A] M. A. Ansari[B] M. A. Zinnah[C] Abul Kalam Azad[D] Hakim Ajmal Khan
M. A. ZinnahExplanationNon cooperation movement (1920-22) was led by Mahatma Gandhi Veterans like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant opposed the idea outright. But the younger generation of Indian nationalists were thrilled, and backed Gandhiji. The Congress Party adopted his plans, and he received extensive support from Muslim leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Abbas Tyabji, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali.
75. Who is considered the “Father of Muslim Renaissance in Bengal” in Bengal?[A] Abdul Latif[B] Mirza Ghulam Ahmed[C] Muhammad Qasim[D] Rashid Ahmed Gangohi
Abdul LatifExplanationNawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828-1893) a prominent personality of mid 19th century Bengal, the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of those great men who appeared as saviours of their frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganised fellow countrymen under
colonial rule His chief contribution was in the field of education. He was among the first to understand that young Bengali Muslims should receive modern education. He understood that the Muslims of Bengal had fallen behind in everything because of their prejudices against modern education. He devoted his whole life to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their minds.
76. In which year English was made the medium of instruction in India ?[A] 1844 A.D.[B] 1835 A.D.[C] 1833 A.D.[D] 1813 A.D.
1835 A.D.ExplanationThe English Education Act was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by William Bentinck, the Governor-General of British India to reallocate funds the East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India. In the same year, British Government designated English as the medium of education for schools and universities
77. The most fervent supporter of Gandhi’s proposal for an all-out campaign of civil disobedience during Quit India Movement was ?[A] Ram Manohar Lohia[B] Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel[C] Subhash Chandra Bose[D] Jai Prakash Narayan
Sardar Vallabhbhai PatelExplanationSardar Vallabhbhai Patel- known as the “Iron Man of India” or “Bismarck of India”. Patel was most fervent supporter of Gandhi’s proposal for an all-out campaign of civil disobedience to force the British to Quit India. He participated in Gandhi’s call for individual disobedience, and was arrested in 1940 and imprisoned for nine months. He also opposed the proposals of the Cripps’ mission in 1942.
78. The biographical memoir of A. O. Hume was written by __?[A] W. Wederbirn[B] Lord Dufferin[C] J. Charles[D] None of the above
W. WederbirnExplanationSir William Wedderburn, or W. Wederbirn was a Scottish civil servant in India and a politician. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912. (A. O. Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress).
79. The Two Nation Theory was propounded in which session of the Muslim League?[A] Lahore Session, 1940[B] Bombay Session, 1915[C] Delhi Session, 1918[D] Calcutta Session, 1917
Lahore Session, 1940ExplanationFazlul Haq, the premier of Bengal, who along with Muslim League had formed the government of Bengal Province ,moved a resolution ,which was passed by Muslim League. In this session ,Jinnah in his presidential address gave the famous Two.Nation Theory as fellows: “India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation,but on the contrary ,there are two nations in the main- the Hindus and Muslims”. The term Pakistan was not used in this session. Gandhiji rejected the two nation theory.
80. The Treaty of Alinagar was signed in ___?[A] February 1756[B] September 1756[C] February 1757[D] April 1757
February 1757ExplanationFebruary 9, 1757 the treaty of Alinagar (changed name of Calcutta) was signed between Robert Clive of the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal, Mirza Muhammad Siraj Ud Daula. According to this treatya) All preivileges granted by Farrukshiyar were confirmed.b) All goods under the british dastak went to be duty free.c) The british were given right of making coin in Bengal.The signing of the treaty was one of the events leading up to the famous Battle of Plassey.
81. During the company rule, the Hindu Widows Remarriage Act was drafted by__ ?[A] Lord Canning[B] Lord Dalhousie[C] Lord Hardinge[D] None of the above
Lord DalhousieExplanationThe Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 25 July 1856, legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule was drafted by Lord Dalhousie.
82. The statement “Like summer gale revolt of Meerut was unprecedented and short-lived” was made by __?[A] S. N. Sen[B] R. C. Majumdar[C] S. B. Chaudhuri[D] V. D. Savarkar
S. N. SenExplanationThe Merrut 1857 Uprising was described by Dr.Surendra Nath Sen-“ Like summer gale revolt of Meerut was unprecedented and short-lived”. He was the author of a number of major works, mostly on the history of the Marathas.In 1956, the Indian government commissioned him to write a history of the Indian Popular Uprising of 1857–59; the work, entitled Eighteen Fifty-seven, was published in 1957.
83. The First President of Muslim League was __?[A] Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Mustaq Hussain[B] Mian Abdul Aziz[C] Hidayat Hussain Khan[D] Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Mustaq HussainExplanationMuslim League, a political organization of India and Pakistan, founded in 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. Nawab Mushtaq Husain Viqar-ul-Mulk also known as Mushtaq Hussain, was a Muslim politician and one of the founders of All India Muslim League. He is also known for his involvement in the Aligarh Movement.
84. Which party observed the “Black Day” on July 3, 1947 against Partition of India?[A] Indian National Congress[B] Forward Bloc
Hindu MahasabhaExplanation3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics. This led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan.
85. Who was elected the President of Indian National Congress in the famous Tripuri Session of 1939 ?[A] Acharya Narendra Deo[B] Sarat Chandra Bose[C] Subhash Chandra Bose[D] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Subhash Chandra BoseExplanation52nd Session : Subhash Chandra Bose was re-elected the President of INC at the Tripuri Session in 1939 by defeating the Gandhi ji’s Candidate Pattabhai Sitaramaiyya. He demanded that the Congress should deliver a six-months’ ultimatum to Britain and in the event of its rejection a country-wide struggle for ‘Poorna Swaraj’ should be launched. His warning and advice went unheeded, his powers as President were sought to be curtailed. He, therefore, resigned in April 1939, and announced, in May 1939, the formation of the Forward Bloc within the Congress.
86. The Hindu Mahasabha was organized for the first time in 1915 at ___:[A] Haridwar[B] Allahabad[C] Varanasi[D] None of the above
HaridwarExplanationHindu Mahasabha was founded in 1915 by Madan Mohan Malvi.It work with Arya Samaj and other Hindu communal organizations. It was directly link with Rashtriya Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at Nagpur by K.B.Hegewar.The first All India Hindu Mahasabha Conference was organized at Hardwar in 1915. The Sabha ecame more aggressive after 1929 and started propagating Hindu Rashtra which was totally differ from Gandhiji’s Ram Rajya.
87. The “Quit India Resolution” was drafted by __?[A] Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel[B] Jawahar Lal Nehru[C] Mahatma Gandhi[D] Acharya Narendra Deo
Jawahar Lal NehruExplanation“Do or die’ call in the historic session on 7th August 1942 The historic session of Indian National Congress was held from 7th August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Mumbai. The resolution was drawn up and passed the meeting for presentation to the Government. Quit India Resolution was drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru and it was moved by him on 8th August 1942 and Sardar Patel seconded it. The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement (August Kranti)) was a civil disobedience in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. Gandhi hoped to bring the British government to the negotiating table. Reference: Quit India Movement
88. Who among the following is known as Mother of Indian Revolutionaries ?[A] Annie Besant[B] Sarojini Naidu[C] Madam Cama[D] Usha Mehta
Madam CamaExplanationBhikaiji Rustom Cama,or Madam Cama was born on 24 September 1861 in Bombay. She was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom.and is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle. She was credited with designing India’s first tricolour flag with green, saffron and red stripes bearing the immortal words – Vande Matram. After fighting tirelessly for India’s freedom struggle on foreign land for several years, she came back to India and died on August 13, 1936.
89. Which Bengali writer suggested the adoption of Hindi as India’s National Language?[A] Bhudeva Mukherjee[B] Dinbandhu Mitra[C] Madhusudan Datta[D] Kali Prasanna Sinha
Bhudeva MukherjeeExplanationThe factors that enhanced the Status of Hindi:The contribution of Bhudeva Mukherjee ,well-known educationist and writer,played a key role in establishing the Nagari script in Bihar schools and law courts before 1892.Nagari Pracharni Sabha was founded in 1893 to promote the cause of Hindi and Nagari script.The Language policy of Indian National congress in the end of 1920’s paved the way of Hindi as the Mother tongue of Hindustan.
90. Who among the following had drafted the fundamental rights resolution at the Karachi Session, 1931 ?[A] Jawaharlal Nehru[B] Acharya Narendra Deo[C] Subhash Chandra Bose[D] Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Jawaharlal NehruExplanationThe Congress met at Karachi in March 1931 to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or the Delhi Pact.It was presided over by Sardar Patel. This session became memorable for its resolution on the Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programs.In short , It set the parameters of the Swaraj was reflecting the then dominant leftwing ting of the national movements.It was drafted by the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
91. The name of the operation started by the British Government to arrest the leaders of Quit India Movement was__?[A] Operation Reander Paste[B] Operation Zero Hour[C] Operation Thunderbolt[D] Operation Blue Star
Operation ThunderboltExplanationThe Quit India Movement , or the August Movement (August Kranti) was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence.
92. During which among the following movements, Mahatma Gandhi remarked: “on bended knees I asked for bread and received stone instead” ?[A] Khilafat Movement[B] Non-Cooperation Movement[C] Dandi March[D] Quit India Movement
ExplanationDandi March(12th March 1930) also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was undertaken by Gandhiji . He led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of Dandi. The triggering factor for this movement was the British monopoly of salt trade in India and the imposition of a salt tax. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. “On bended knees I asked for bread and I have received stone instead”, was a remark made by Gandhi ji in the beginning of the march.
93. Which one of the following Bengali drama was directed against Polygamy ?[A] Bhanumati Chittavikas[B] Kulin Kulasarvasva[C] Vidhva Vivaha[D] Nava Natak
Kulin KulasarvasvaExplanationIt was Kulin Kulasarvasva(“All about a Kulin Clan”) by Pandit Ramnarayan Tarkaratnan. A social satire against the practice of polygamy. It was the first social drama in a regional language(Bengali) attacking Brahmin polygamy, was presented by an aristocratic family in 1857.
94. 100 years ago, the Hindustan Gadar Party was launched in which among the following cities in United States?[A]Chicago[B]San Francisco[C]Oregon City[D]New York
San FranciscoExplanationTo mark the centenary of the Gadar movement, the Indian Government is planning to fund the conversion of the Gadar Memorial in San Francisco into a museum and library. The Hindustan Gadar Party, when founded in 1913, begun its operation from 436 Hill Street of the northern Californian city. It came to be known as ‘Yugantar Ashram’ and it was from here that the freedom fighters were active from 1913 to 1917. From this place they published a weekly magazine called Gadar to propagate the cause of Indian independence.
95. Which one of the following books is the official History of Revolt of 1857 published by publication division ,Ministry of Information and broadcasting ,Government of India?[A] Eighteen Fifty Seven[B] Theories of Indian Mutiny[C] The Sepoy Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857[D] None of the above
Eighteen Fifty SevenExplanationEighteen Fifty Seven was written by well known Indian Historian Dr.Surendra Nath Sen ,with a foreward by Abdul Kalam Azad. Published on May 1957 by the publication division ,Ministry of Information and broadcasting ,Government of India.
96. The Special Calcutta Session, 1920, in which Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non cooperation resolution was presided by __?[A] C. R. Das[B] B. C. Pal[C] Lala Lajpat Rai[D] Motilal Nehru
ExplanationSpecial Calcutta Session, 1920, in which Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non cooperation resolution was presided by Lala Lajpat Rai and it was supported by others.Non cooperation movement was launched for two major issues :1. The British Government’s attitude towards the Khilafat Movement .2. Its’ failure to protect the innocent people of the Punjab and punish the officers guilty of barbarous behavious towards them.Reference: Non-cooperation Movement
97. The famous book “Ghulamgiri” was written by__:[A] B. R. Ambedkar[B] Narayan Guru[C] Jyotiba Phule[D] M. P. Pillai
Jyotiba PhuleExplanationJyotirao Govindrao Phule (Mahatma) was born in Pune,was a great social reformer. He dedicated his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves, he linked the conditions of the black slaves in America with those of the lower castes in India. This comparison contains an expression of hope that one day, like the end of slavery in America, there would be an end to all sorts of caste discriminations in Indian society.
98. Who among the following made the following statement?“The only lesson required in India at present is to learn how to die and the only way to teach is by dying ourselves. Therefore, I die and glory in my martyrdom”[A] Aurbindo Ghosh[B] Khudiram Bose[C] Chandra Shekhar Azad[D] Madan Lal Dhingra
Madan Lal DhingraExplanationMadan Lal Dhingra (1887–1909) was born in the holy city of Amritsar, He was an Indian political activist studying in England and there he came in contact with the Indian revolutionaty leaders like Shyamji Krishna Verma and Veer Damodar Savarkar.He was perhaps the first Indian freedom fighter to be executed on British soil. He assassinated Sir Curzan Wyllie, political Aide-de-Camp to the Secretary of State for India, Lord Morley in London in 1909. He was hanged at Pentonville Prison, London, on 17 August, 1909.
99. Basumati, the oldest Bengali Daily paper was edited by ___:[A] Anand Mohan Bose[B] Surya Sen[C] Barinder Kumar Ghosh[D] V. D. Savarkar
Barinder Kumar GhoshExplanationBarinder Kumar Ghosh was born at Norwood near London on 5th January in 1880.He was a younger brother of Aurobindo Ghosh.In 1906, to spread the revolutionary ideas and to provide fervor to Swadeshi movement ,he started a Bengali weekly-“the jugantar”.In 1907, he started the Maniktala group with Bagha Jatin and a few young revolutionary activists for the collection of arms and ammunitions and manufacturing explosives.He was sentenced to death by the trial known as Alipore Bomb Case. Later the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and was sent to the Cellular Jail in Andaman in 1909. In 1920, Barindra Kumar Ghose was released.In 1933 Barindra Kumar Ghose launched English weekly, The Dawn of India. He was also associated with The Statesman newspaper and earned the title as a columnist. In 1950, he became the editor of the Bengali daily Dainik Basumati.
100. Curzon Wyllie, who was murdered by Madan Lal Dhingra in London, was___?[A] Secretary of State for India[B] Adviser to the Secretary of State of India[C] Law Member[D] Governor of Bengal
Adviser to the Secretary of State of IndiaExplanationMadan Lal Dhingra was a great revolutionary from Punjab,associated with the Indian Home Rule Society, The Abhinav Bharat Society and the Indian House in London. On July 1, 1909 he shot dead Curzon Wyllie an adviser to the secretary of state of India, and Cowas Lolcaca at the meeting of the Indian National Association in London to avenge the atrocities committed by the British in India.
101. Who was the only Indian prince who actively participated in the Revolutionary Movement within and outside India?[A] Raja Aridaman Singh[B] Raja Hari Singh[C] Raja Kumar Singh[D] Raja Mahendra Pratap
Raja Mahendra PratapExplanationRaja Mahendra Pratap(PETER PEER PRATAP) was a Muslim freedom fighter, journalist, writer, and Marxist revolutionary social reformist of India. He believed in the religious unity and racial equality.
He started two paper-“Prem”in Hindi and “Nirbal Sewak” in Hindi and Urdu. In 1915, he formed the first government outside India in Afghanistan. He returned to India after 32 years
of exile and became the member of the second Lok Sabha in 1957-1962. He was elected as an independent candidate from Mathura constituency. He was president of Indian
Freedom Fighters’ Association and also the president of All India Jat Mahasabha .He died on 29 April 1979
102. During which among the following events, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epithet of ‘Lokmanya’?[A] Home Rule Movement[B] Surat Split[C] Swadeshi Movement[D] His imprisonment in 1908
Home Rule MovementExplanationThe name of Tilak became a household name during Homerule Movement and this let him earn the epithet Lokmanya. Home rule movement has been taken from Ireland.The two Home Rule League were set up in April 1916 by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and in Sept 1916 by Annie Besant.The main objective of Home Rule League were:-
Self Government in the British Empire. Work for National education ,social and political reforms. Abolition of untouchability
103. The national anthem of India ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung at __:[A]Calcutta, 1911[B]Calcutta, 1912[C]Delhi, 1911[D]Mumbai, 1912
Calcutta, 1911Explanation“Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in [1] Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.
104. In which among the following countries, Battaglione Azad Hindoustan, a legion unit of Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was formed during the World War II ?[A]Japan[B]Germany[C]Italy[D]Singapore
ItalyExplanationThe Indian National Army ( Azad Hind Fauj) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. The aim of the army was to secure Indian independence with Japanese assistance. Initially formed in 1942 immediately after the fall of Singapore under Mohan Singh, thefirst INA collapsed in December that year before it was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose in 1943 and proclaimed the army of Bose’s Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind .The Battaglione Azad Hindoustan (Italian: “Free India Battalion”) was a foreign legion unit formed in Italy in July 1942. It was headed by Mohammad Iqbal Shedai
105. Communal Awards to grant separate electorates to minority communities in India, including Muslims, Sikhs and Dalits was given by_:[A]Ramsay MacDonald[B]Winston Churchill[C]Stanley Baldwin[D]Austen Chamberlain
Ramsay MacDonaldExplanationThe Communal Award was given by the then British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932. According to it, separate representation was to be provided for the Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Anglo- Indian, etc. The depressed classes were assigned a number of seats to be filled by election from special constituencies in which voters belonging to the depressed classes could only vote.
106. “The Bengalee” Newspaper was started by which among the following activists in 1879?[A]Surendranath Banerjee[B]Anandmohan Bose[C]Nabagopal Mitra[D]Rajnarayan Basu
Surendranath BanerjeeExplanationSurendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest political leaders during the British Rule. He founded the newspaper “The Bengalee” in 1879 and founded the Indian National Association with Anandmohan Bose, the first Indian political organization of its kind on July 26, 1876. He is renowned today as pioneer leader of Indian politics. He published an important work, A Nation in Making, which was widely acclaimed. The British respected him and referred to him during his later years as “Surrender Not Banerjee”.
107. At which among the following places, Hindu Mela was started in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra ?[A]Calcutta[B]Delhi
CalcuttaExplanationHindu Mela was founded in 1867 in Calcutta by Nabagopal Mitra with the active support from the Tagore Family. The Hindu Mela was also known as the Chaitra Mela.It was largely the product of the combined efforts of Rajnarayan Basu, Dwijendranath Tagore, and Nabagopal Mitra.
108. Who among the following played a dominant role in the famous Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924–25 ?[A]T. K. Madhavan[B]Muloor S.Padmanabha Panicker[C]Balarama Varma[D]K. Kelappan
K. KelappanExplanationVaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) was a satyagraha (movement) in Travancore, India (now part of Kerala) against untouchability in Hindu society. The movement was centered at the Shiva temple at Vaikom, near Kottayam.The Satyagraha aimed at securing freedom of movement for all sections of society through the public roads leading to the Sri Mahadevar Temple at Vaikom. K. Kelappan played a dominant role in the famous Vaikom Satyagraha and was the leader of the Guruvayur Satyagraha in 1932. It was at Gandhiji’s request that he ended his fast at Guruvayur.
109. During freedom struggle, who among the following led the Salt march in the Eastern Coast in Tiruchirappalli to the coastal village of Vedaranyam ?[A]Sri Prakasa[B]C. Rajagopalachari[C]P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja[D]None of these
C. RajagopalachariExplanationC. Rajagopalachari, also known as, Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India. While Gandhi marched along India’s west coast, his close associate C. Rajagopalachari, who later became independent India’s first Governor-General, did a salt march in parallel on the east coast. His group started from Tiruchirappalli, in Madras Presidency (now part of Tamil Nadu), to the coastal village of Vedaranyam.
110. At which among the following places, All India Muslim League was established in 1906?[A]Dhaka[B]Naypyidaw[C]Islamabad[D]Muscat
DhakaExplanationThe All India Muslim League was rooted in 1906 at Dhaka. It emerged from the Aligarh Movement, formed originally to promote a modern education for Muslims. Muslim League, political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India.
111. During the independence movement, newspaper ‘Kesari’ was published by_:[A]Subhash Chandra Bose[B]Bal Gangadhar Tilak[C]Mohammad Ali Jinnah[D] Lala Lajpat Rai
Bal Gangadhar TilakExplanationKesari is a newspaper founded in 1881 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader of the Indian Independence movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari, in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada. The Wada still has the offices of Kesari, and mementos of Tilak, including his writing desk original letters and documents
112. On which among the following dates, the Second Round Table Conference was held ?[A]November 17, 1932[B]November 12, 1930[C]September 7, 1931[D]September 7, 1932
September 7, 1931ExplanationThe second session opened on September 7, 1931. There were three major differences between the first and second Round Table Conferences. By the second namely Congress Representation, National Government and Financial Crisis.
113. Who among the following played a dominant role in establishing the All India Trade Union Congress ?[A]Basawon Singh (Sinha)[B]Subodh Banerjee[C]Lala Lajpat Rai[D]Ashok Mehta
Lala Lajpat RaiExplanationThe All India Trade Union Congress is the oldest trade union federations in India and one of the five largest. It was founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by Lala Lajpat Rai and Joseph Baptista. It was the primary trade union organization in India. Since then it has been associated with the Communist Party of India.
114. Who among the following was the first woman president to chair the Indian National Congress at Kanpur session of 1925 ?[A]Sarojini Naidu[B]Annie Beasant[C]Nellie Sengupta[D]Indira Gandhi
Sarojini NaiduExplanationSarojini Naidu presided the Indian National Congress at Kanpur session in 1925.
115. Which among the following Charter Acts ended the commercial monopoly of East India Company in India ?[A]Charter Acts of 1793[B]Charter Acts of 1813[C]Charter Acts of 1833[D]Charter Acts of 1853
Charter Acts of 1813ExplanationCharter Acts of 1813 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which renewed the charter issued to the British East India Company, and continued the Company’s rule in India. However, the Company’s commercial monopoly was ended, except for the tea trade and the trade with China. Reflecting the growth of British power in India.
116. Who among the following introduced the subsidiary alliance system in India ?[A]Lord Clive
Lord WellesleyExplanationThe doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805.The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an alliance in 1798.Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to do so, but after the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state in 1799.The Nawab of Awadh was the next to accept the Subsidiary Alliance, in 1801
117. Who among the following signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802 with the British East India Company ?[A]Baji Rao II[B]Baji Rao I[C]Sultan Bahadur[D]None of the above
Baji Rao IIExplanationThe Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802 between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy, which led to the East India Company’s usurpation of the peshwa’s territories in western India in 1818.
118. Which among the following was the first municipal corporation set up in India in the year 1687 ?[A]Madras Municipal Corporation[B]Bombay Municipal Corporation[C]Delhi Municipal Corporation[D]None of the above
Madras Municipal CorporationExplanationThe first municipal corporation was set up in India in 1687 at Madras preceding the Bombay and Delhi municipal corporations.
119. Which among the following events was a major set back to Khilafat Movement?[A]Announcements of concession to Muslims by British Government[B]Pact signed between Indian National Congress and Muslim League[C]Revolution in Turkey[D]Violence in Chauri Chaura
Revolution in Turkey
120. Which among the following events took place immediately before the massacre at Jallianwalla Bagh?[A]Partition of Bengal[B]llbert Bill[C]Passage of the Rowlatt Act[D]Minto-Morley Reforms
Passage of the Rowlatt Act
121. In 1953, under whose chairmanship was the first OBC Commission formed ?[A]Joachim Alva[B]Kaka Kalelkar[C]Hardekar Manjappa[D]K. K. Shetty
122. Which among the following books was authored by Mahatma Gandhi?[A]Hindu View of Life[B]Hind Swaraj[C]Discovery of India[D]My TruthHind Swaraj
123. In which year, first census was conducted in India ?[A]1884[B]1872[C]1881[D]18561872
124. Martyrdom of Chandrashekhar Azad took place on which among the following dates?[A]February 17, 1931[B]February 11, 1931[C]April 13, 1931[D]August 14, 1931February 17, 1931
125. In which of the following languages was the Ghadar Journal was first published ?[A]Urdu[B]English[C]Pushtu[D]PunjabiUrdu
126. On which among the following dates, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place ?[A]April 16,1919[B]April 13,1919[C]April 3,1919[D]April 14,1919April 13,1919
127. Who among the following resigned from the membership of the Viceroy’s Executive Council as a protest against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre ?[A]C. P. Ramaswami Iyer[B]Muhammad Ali Jinnah[C]B. N. Sarma[D]Shankaran NairShankaran Nair
128. Which among the following was the first registered Trade Union of India ?[A]Hindu Mazdoor Sabha[B]Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh[C]Madras Labour Union[D]United Trade Union CongressMadras Labour Union
129. Who among the following founded the Madras Labour Union?[A]Subodh Banerjee
[B]B.P. Wadia.[C]Lala Lajpat Rai[D]Bharat Bhushan PandeyB.P. Wadia along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar
130. Who among the following presided over the Surat Session of Indian National Congress in 1907?[A]Dadabhai Naoroji[B]Gopal krishna Gokhale[C]Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya[D]Ras Bihari GhoshRas Bihari Ghosh
131. Who among the following introduced the Vernacular Press Act ?[A]Sir Ashley Eden[B]Alexander John Arbuthnot[C]Lord Lytton[D]Lord StanleyLord Lytton
132. Who among the following started Ganapati Festival in 1893 and thereby gave it national character?[A]Ganesh Damodar Savarkar[B]Nana Patil[C]Lok manya Tilak[D]Vinoba BhaveLok manya Tilak
133. Which among the following observed the Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946 ?[A]Muslim League[B]Christian League[C]Sikh League[D]Hindu LeagueMuslim League
134. Who among the following was nominated as first Satyagrahi by Mahatma Gandhi for the Individual Satyagarha of 1940 ?[A]Vinoba Bhave[B]Jawarharlal Nehru[C]Lal Bahadur Shastri[D]S. SatyamurtiVinoba Bhave
135. The Lucknow session of Indian National Congress that took place in 1916 was presided by__:[A]Rashbihari Ghosh[B]Ambika Charan Majumdar[C]Bhupendra Nath Bose[D]None of theseAmbika Charan Majumdar
136. Who among the following presided the historic Lahore session of 1929 of Indian National Congress?[A]Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru[B]Rajendra Prasad[C]Lala Lajpat Rai[D]Pandit Motilal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
137. Who among the following leaders joined Gandhiji in the Champaran Satyagraha held on April 10, 1917 ?[A]Bal Gangadhar Tilak[B]Subhash Chandra Bose[C]Rajendra Prasad[D]None of theseRajendra Prasad
138. Who among the following launched the Home Rule Movement in 1916 ?[A]Frank Besant[B]Helena Blavatsky[C]Charles Knowlton[D]Annie BesantAnnie Besant
139. Who among the following presided the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931?[A]Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel[B]Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru[C]Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya[D]Dr. M A AnsariSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
140. On which among the following dates, execution of Bhagat Singh took place ?[A]March 19,1931[B]April 23, 1931[C]March 23, 1931[D]March 14, 1931March 23, 1931.
141. On which among the following dates, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed?[A]5 March 1931[B]6 March 1941[C]4 March 1931[D]15 March 19315 March 1931
142. Who among the following was the author of Anand Math?[A]Bankim Chandra Chatterjee[B]Ravindranath Tagore[C]Raja Ram Mohan Roy[D]Bal Gangadhar TilakBankim Chandra Chatterjee
143. The Indian National Association formed in Calcutta by whom among the following?[A]Dwarkanath Tagore[B]Surendranath Banerjee[C]Prasanno Kumar Tagore[D]Debendranath TagoreSurendranath Banerjee
144. Who among the following edited and published the newspaper Indian Mirror in 1861?[A]Amitava Ghosh[B]Ravindranath Tagore[C]Sumit Ganguly[D]Manmohan Ghosh and Devendranath TagoreManmohan Ghosh and Devendranath Tagore
145. The first meeting of Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in1885 A.D. under the leadership of _________[A]Dadabhai Naoroji[B]Sir C. Sankaran Nair[C]Vyomesh Chandra Banerjee[D]Badruddin TyabjiVyomesh Chandra Banerjee
146. During the times of Governor-General Lord Ellenborough, which among the following acts declared slavery as illegal ?[A]Act VI[B]Act V[C]Act III[D]Act VIIIAct V
147. What was the title of the famous work of Dadabhai Naoroji, via which he made important observations about the decline of Indian Economy during the British Era?[A]Poverty Under British Rule in India[B]Poverty in British Rule in India[C]Poverty and Un British Rule in India[D]Indian Poverty and British RulePoverty and Un British Rule in India
National Flag-Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 24, 1947. the ratio between length and breadth is 3 : 2, consists of strips of three colours-Saffron, White and Green in descending order. it has a circle of Blue colour in the middle, which has 24 spokes.
National Emblem- The national symbol has been ideologically represented by the lion in the Ashoka stupa in Saranath. There are four lions in it and the fourth one that lies at the back is not visible in pictures. Beneath the four lions, there lies an 'Ashoka chakra' and side to side the pictures of oxes and horses. The line 'Satyameva Jayate', which means 'Truth alone Triumphs', was taken from the Mandako upanishad. The national symbol was approved on 1950 January 26.
National Anthem-Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on Jan 24, 1950, recited, for the first time, at the Calcutta Session of the Congress on Dec. 27, 1911. Fifty-two seconds are prescribed for recitation. lt is written by Rabindranath Tagore.
The National Song of India: India’s national song was composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji. Initially Vande Mantaram was the National Anthem of India, but after independence Jana Gana Mana was adopted as the National Anthem. This was done because non-Hindu communities in India had considered Vande Mataram as biased.
National Animal of India: The tiger is known as the Lord of the Jungle and displays India’s wildlife wealth. The Bengal Tiger was declared as the National Animal of India in April 1973, with the initiation of Project Tiger, to protect the tigers in India. Prior to this, the lion was the National animal of India.National Heritage Animal: ElephantNational Water Animal: River Dolphin, found in Ganga River.
National Art Form: The national art form of India is Bharatha Natyam. This dance form originated in Tamil Nadu and is also known as 'Moving Poetry'.
National Bird: The peacock was declared the National bird of India in 1963, because it was entirely a part of Indian custom and culture.
National Flower of India: Lotus Flower.
The National Fruit of India: Mangoes are native to India. The great Moghul emperor Akabar had planted about 100,000 mango trees in Lakhi Bagh in Darbhanga.
The National Game of India: Hockey. The game has seen a golden era during 1928-1956, when India won 6 consecutive gold medals in the Olympics. Hockey was considered as the National game because of its unmatched distinction and incomparable talent at the time. At that time India had played 24 Olympic matches and won all of them.
The National Tree of India: The Banyan tree. The country’s unity is symbolized by the trees huge structure and its deep roots. The tree is also known as Kalpavriksha. The Banyan tree also gives shelter to many different kinds of animals and birds, which represent India and its people from different races, religions and castes.
National Fish: King Mackerel is known as 'Seer Fish' in English. It is mainly seen in Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean.
National River: Ganga River
National Calendar: Shakavarsham was declared as the official calendar of India on 1957 March 22 (1879 Chaitram 1). The months of this calendar are Chairam, Vaishakam, Jyeshtam, Aashatam, Shraavanam, Bhadram, Ashwinam, Karthikam, Margasheersham, Pausham, Maagham, and Falgunam. In years apart from leap year, the calendar starts from March 22 (Chaitram 1) and in leap year, it starts from March 21. It was Kanishka who established Shakavarsham calendar in A.D. 78
