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History of Marine Science
10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D.
Homework
• Read Chapter 2• Pages 2- 10• Answer study questions 1-5 p 2-4• Be prepared to answer the two questions
on page 2-2 in class• What are the 3 reasons to learn the history
of Oceanography?• What are the four main stages in the
history of oceanography?
_________ people used bone to make harpoons.
__________ people made fishing hooks and nets more than 10,000 years ago.
________- refuse (garbage dump) of shells and bones found in piles near beachfronts. Give clues to what was eaten by these prehistoric peoples.
Simple rafts such as these trees lashed together were mans first attempts at navigation. Man’s first relationship with the sea was based on the finding of _____.
Paleolithic people made bone ___________ to fish from shore.
Net
s
Fis
hing
Hooks
Har
poons
Kniv
es
0% 0%0%0%
1. Nets
2. Fishing Hooks
3. Harpoons
4. Knives
Over 10,000 years ago _________ people made fishing nets and
hooks to fish.
Neo
lithic
Pal
eolit
hic
Mode
rn No
0% 0%0%0%
1. Neolithic
2. Paleolithic
3. Modern
4. No
A Midden is a garbage dump.
Tru
e
Fal
se
0%0%
1. True
2. False
Fastest Responders (in seconds)
1.84 Dominick Guastella
3.53 Charles Badman
3.93 Kristy Benevento
4.52 Katherine Petryczka
4.71 Douglas Miller
The first sea voyage?
• The earliest recorded sea voyage took place around ___________under the leadership of the Egyptian Pharaoh Snefru
• Historians and Scientists believe that seafaring was commonplace for some time before that in ancient Egypt
Other firsts…..
• First voyage of exploration documented around _________ B.C.
• Egyptians entombed an entire ship (reed boat) in the _____________________
• This gives us the earliest glimpse of a ancient ship building
Boat of ________
The Phoenicians
• The Phoenician Empire centered in what is now modern day Libya is today
• The established the first _______ ______ _________ as far as the British Isles.
Early Phoenician Coin depicting Phoenician war ship
Notice the Sea Monster!
The Oldest Shipwreck
• Marine Archeologist _________found this ship which dates back to around _______ (King Tut was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of its sailing)
The ship itself has disappeared but the cargo remained largely intact
Phoenician Ships
______years ago Polynesianand Micronesiannavigators were makingsome of mankind’sgreatest voyages ofdiscovery. Within 2500years they had settledalmost every island in thePacific – an area of about_______ _____________
Simple yet extremely effective!!
• Imagine Traveling thousands of miles on the open ocean in one of these
A ________________________is a sophisticatednavigation aid based on knowledge the directions of approaching swells aswell as wave refraction.Polynesians also used the stars to explore Micronesia in their double-hulled canoes.
Marshallese sailorsnavigating with a“stick chart.”
Kon Tiki
• In 1947 _______ _____________ built a replica of a _________________to see if such a craft was capable of sailing
thousands of miles in the open ocean. Sailing from Peru to
• Movie and Book were produced from this adventure
• The trip lasted _____ days and the 5 men traveled over ______ ________
The Kon Tiki Raft at the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo Norway
Earliest recorded sea voyage was by the
Poly
nesia
ns
Egyp
tians
Phoen
icia
ns
Euro
peans
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Polynesians
2. Egyptians
3. Phoenicians
4. Europeans
The earliest surviving ship was entombed in the
Pyr
amid
of S
nefru
Pyr
amid
of K
hufu
Pyr
amid
of T
ut
None
of the
abo
ve
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Pyramid of Snefru
2. Pyramid of Khufu
3. Pyramid of Tut
4. None of the above
The Marine Archeologist who found the oldest shipwreck
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Robert Ballard
2. George Bass
3. James Cook
4. John Harrison
The Polynesians sailed the ________ Ocean in double hulled
canoes
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Atlantic
2. Indian
3. Pacific
4. Polynesian
The Kon Tiki voyage lasted
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. 2 weeks
2. 1 year
3. 196 days
4. 101 days
Fastest Responders (in seconds)
Greek Exploration and Discovery
• Greek contributions are mainly in the areas of Navigation and Cartography (map making)
• _________ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon.
Born: 380 ADDied: 310 AD.
• Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth. He also invented the first Latitude Longitude system (irregular)
• __________ improved on his system and we still use this regular grid system today!
• Over 2000 years later!!!!
EratosthenesHipparchus
Maps• ____________ – the “Father of History”
Publishes _____________ in 450 BC
No copies survive
This is what they
Believe it looked
like
______ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases
of the Moon
Era
tost
henes
Hip
parch
us
Pyt
heas
Pla
to
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Eratosthenes
2. Hipparchus
3. Pytheas
4. Plato
__________ published the first map of 450 BC
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0% 1. Herodotus
2. Aristophanes
3. Hipparchus
4. Eratosthenes
The grid system invented and perfected by the Greeks is know
today as
Gra
phing
Lat
itude
and
Longitu
de G
PS
Map
ping
0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%
1. Graphing
2. Latitude and Longitude
3. GPS
4. Mapping
Fastest Responders (in seconds)
0 Participant 1
0 Participant 2
0 Participant 3
0 Participant 4
0 Participant 5