HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 517 claimed to have formed in the case. Judge Howe presided with his usual vigor-and dignity. The case was finally continued. In May court was again occupied with the Schoeffler murder case. Out of ninety-six men summoned, a jury was at last obtained. The prosecu- tion was conducted by S. R. Cotton of Green Bay, aided by several Appleton lawyers. The'defense was conducted by Smith & Ballard of Appleton, Howe & Haynes of Green Bay, and Charles Weisbrod of Oshkosh. This was the most hotly contested case ever in the county up to this date. The lawyers were able, combative and brilliant, the jury was composed of the best citizens and the court was fair and impartial. During this session several important trials were held. Among the leading lawyers in attendance were Alden S. Sanborn, Smith & Ballard, J. B. Hamilton, S. R. Cotton, George H. Myers, Frederick Packard, Wheeler & Bouck, Elbridge Smith, J. A. Eastman, Howe & Haynes, Edwin Wheeler and others. Smith & Ballard were counsel in almost every case. Mr. Sanborn also was active. Often Sanborn was pitted against Smith & Ballard. In Agusut the Crescent insisted on its right to criticize the man- agement of county affairs and to oppose extravagance or incapacity of public officers. It criticized the allowance of $200 to S. R. Cotton, attorney of Green Bay, for services during the recent murder trial of Fred Schoeffler. It criticized the state of affairs which called for extra counsel when the county already had a district attorney. It insisted that if the district attorney was incompetent he should be removed and another one appointed. Concerning the Schoffler murder case the Crescent of April 20, said: "In his anxiety to be impartial it was evident that Judge Howe leaned toward the prisoners. Indeed, he charged the jury, in sub- stance,, to acquit Mrs. Christina Schoeffler and said there was serious doubt as to the sufficiency of the proof against Fred. The jury re- turned into court with a verdict of guilty of murder in the first de- gree against both defendants. On Tuesday a motion for a new trial was argued and granted to Mrs. Schoeffler on the ground that the verdict was not warranted by the evidence. The judge took occasion to advise the district attorney not to bring her case before another jury. The-motion for a new trial in Fred's case was denied, but as his counsel chose to take it to the supreme court on a bill of excep- tions, he was remanded without sentence. The old lady was admitted to bail in the sum of $500. As there is already much dissatisfaction expressed as to the result, we will refrain from any comments calcu- lated to inflame the minds of a law-abiding people." The indigna- tion of the people of Outagamie county was general when Schoeffler was acquitted of murder in another county where the case was taken from this. His guilt was not doubted by the people here. The Cres- cent was not choice in language in expressing its contempt for the verdict and result. An important murder trial in 1854 was that of Kern Brennan, James Tewey and Michael Tewey for the murder of Martin Ryan. The jury rendered a verdict of manslaughter and fixed the punish-
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HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 517
claimed to have formed in the case. Judge Howe presided with hisusual vigor-and dignity. The case was finally continued. In Maycourt was again occupied with the Schoeffler murder case. Out ofninety-six men summoned, a jury was at last obtained. The prosecu-tion was conducted by S. R. Cotton of Green Bay, aided by severalAppleton lawyers. The'defense was conducted by Smith & Ballardof Appleton, Howe & Haynes of Green Bay, and Charles Weisbrod ofOshkosh. This was the most hotly contested case ever in the countyup to this date. The lawyers were able, combative and brilliant, thejury was composed of the best citizens and the court was fair andimpartial.
During this session several important trials were held. Amongthe leading lawyers in attendance were Alden S. Sanborn, Smith &Ballard, J. B. Hamilton, S. R. Cotton, George H. Myers, FrederickPackard, Wheeler & Bouck, Elbridge Smith, J. A. Eastman, Howe& Haynes, Edwin Wheeler and others. Smith & Ballard were counselin almost every case. Mr. Sanborn also was active. Often Sanbornwas pitted against Smith & Ballard.
In Agusut the Crescent insisted on its right to criticize the man-agement of county affairs and to oppose extravagance or incapacityof public officers. It criticized the allowance of $200 to S. R. Cotton,attorney of Green Bay, for services during the recent murder trial ofFred Schoeffler. It criticized the state of affairs which called forextra counsel when the county already had a district attorney. Itinsisted that if the district attorney was incompetent he should beremoved and another one appointed.
Concerning the Schoffler murder case the Crescent of April 20,said: "In his anxiety to be impartial it was evident that Judge Howeleaned toward the prisoners. Indeed, he charged the jury, in sub-stance,, to acquit Mrs. Christina Schoeffler and said there was seriousdoubt as to the sufficiency of the proof against Fred. The jury re-turned into court with a verdict of guilty of murder in the first de-gree against both defendants. On Tuesday a motion for a new trialwas argued and granted to Mrs. Schoeffler on the ground that theverdict was not warranted by the evidence. The judge took occasionto advise the district attorney not to bring her case before anotherjury. The-motion for a new trial in Fred's case was denied, but ashis counsel chose to take it to the supreme court on a bill of excep-tions, he was remanded without sentence. The old lady was admittedto bail in the sum of $500. As there is already much dissatisfactionexpressed as to the result, we will refrain from any comments calcu-lated to inflame the minds of a law-abiding people." The indigna-tion of the people of Outagamie county was general when Schoefflerwas acquitted of murder in another county where the case was takenfrom this. His guilt was not doubted by the people here. The Cres-cent was not choice in language in expressing its contempt for theverdict and result.
An important murder trial in 1854 was that of Kern Brennan,James Tewey and Michael Tewey for the murder of Martin Ryan.The jury rendered a verdict of manslaughter and fixed the punish-
ment at confinement in the penitentiary for eight years. Smith &Ballard, George H. Myers, Frederick Packard and A. S. Sanbornwere engaged on this case. In October, 1854, the court recordsshowed only two important criminal cases pending. There was nodistrict attorney, the previous one having moved elsewhere.
Perry H. Smith was a prominent citizen of Appleton. He wasthe first county judge, 1853-54 and had the confidence of the com-munity. He was a candidate for the assembly. William Johnstonbecame county judge at the fall election in 1854. The official returnsof the several counties in this district gave Judge Smith, the demo-cratic candidate, a majority of 337. Outagamie and Shawano coun-ties together gave him a majority of 112.
In the case of Reeder Smith vs. Amos A. Lawrence late in1853-54, argued before the Supreme court in December, 1854, theformer was represented by H. S. Orton and the latter by E. G. Ryan,two of the ablest lawyers in the state, besides several lawyers fromAppleton.
The resignation of Timothy Howe, judge of the district court,made it necessary to elect his successor in 1855. Among the candi-dates named for this position were D. E. Wood, republican, John G.Eastman, democrat, Robert Flint, Charles J. Eldridge, D. C. Blod-gett and S. R. Cotton. The judge not appearing at Appleton in May,1855, no term of circuit court was held and all suits commenced werecarried over to the October term.
The people of Outagamie county were interested in the electionof the judge of the Fourth district, because such judge, it was pro-vided, would hold one term of court in this county.
The fall term of the circuit court began October 15, 1855. Hon.S. R. Cotton, judge presided; P. Hunt was sheriff, A. B. Everts, un-dersheriff, H. S. Eggleston, clerk. The docket was small and thecases were unimportant, with one or two exceptions. At this sessionof the court the proceedings commenced at two o'clock p. m. on Mon-day and were wholly concluded by five o'clock p. m. on Tuesday.It was stated at this time that there had been no jury term of thecircuit court in this county for fifty-three weeks and that althoughthe grand jury had patiently inquired and investigated for morethan a day they did not find a single indictment. The Crescent de-clared that this fact spoke volumes for the good morals of the peopleof Outagamie county.
In February, 1856, the Crescent and many citizens insisted thatthe legislature should divest the president of Appleton of judicialpowers and give the village a police justice; also give the treasurerinstead of the marshal the right to collect taxes, and permit the cor-poration to compel lot owners to plant shade trees.
In March, 1856, the legislature fixed the time for holding courtin Outagamie county on the third Monday of January and Octoberand fourth Monday of April of each year. ,
At the April term, 1856, of the circuit court Judge S. R. Cotton,.presided; L. B. Noyes was district attorney; A. B. Everts, under-sheriff; and Samuel Ryan, Jr., clerk. Among the attorneys present
The county vote for chief justice of the supreme court in April,1857, was as follows: Cothren (D.) 530, Whiton (R.) 396; and forcounty judge: Jewett (D.) 556, Eaton.(R.) 336. The county wasthus shown to be reliably democratic.
In 1857 what was called the judiciary fund was secured from atax of $1 imposed upon each suit commenced in the circuit courtsof the state. The fund thus accumulated proved much too small tomeet the expenses, and a change in the method was necessary.
In January, 1858, Judge William Johnston of the county courtretired from office and was succeeded by John Jewett, Jr., who heldhis first court early in that month.
At the spring term of the circuit court in 1858, William S.WAarner of Appleton and Hartley B. Cox of Hortonville were ad-mitted to practice as attorneys at law. The principal lawyers of Ap-pleton were G. H. Meyers, Frederick Packard, C. Aiken, Jewett &Hudd, Anson Ballard, D. C. Jenne and Mr. Bingham.
At the October term of the circuit court, 1858, the only case ofmuch consequence brought to trial was that of the state againstGeorge Gerrity on an indictment for selling liquor to the Indians.This was the third trial of that cause. In the first the jury did notagree; in the second a verdict of guilty was rendered but was setaside; in the third trial he was acquitted.
Early in 1859, George H. Myers contested the election ofThomas R. Hudd as district attorney and Consta.ntine A. Hamercontested that of Samuel Ryan, Jr., as clerk of the county court.The grounds upon which both contests were based was that the peopleof Shawano county had no right to vote for the judicial officers ofthis county. That county was merely.temporarily attached to Outa-gamie and it was argued that the citizens had no right to say whoshould be the officials of the latter.
In 1859 Outagamie county was part of the Tenth judicial cir-cuit, the other counties being Brown, Winnebago, Oconto and Shaw-ano, Stephen R. Cotton of Green Bay was judge.
In the circuit court of November, 1859, there were 14 indict-ments, ten for selling liquor without a license, one for larceny, onefor obtaining money under false pretense and two for perjury. Onlythree of the defendants in the liquor case were arranged; one waasacquitted, one obtained a continuance, and one was nolle-prossed.Among the attorneys present were the following: Bouck & Ed-monds, Wheeler & Coolbaugh, Jewett & Hudd, J. B. Hamilton, G. B.Goodwin, Freeman & Jackson, David Tyler & Son, M. L. Whitte-more, A. R. Brush, Frederick Packard, J. C. Truesdall, R. P. Eaton,G. H. Myers, J. W. Carter, Smith & Ballard, and others.
In January, 1861, Morgan L. Martin of Green Bay was a candi-date for circuit judge of the Tenth judicial circuit. Hon. S. R. Cottonwas the incumbent of that office. In March, 1861, William S. War-ner became a.n independent candidate for county judge.
In April, 1862, the leading lawyers of Appleton were CharlesAiken,' George H. Myers, Frederick Packard, Jewett & Hudd (suc-
cessors to Smith & Ballard), Samuel Boyd, John Jewett Jr. andothers.
In July, 1862, Frederick Packard, attorney, died in Philadel-phia. He was a graduate of Yale college, studied law at Cambridge,was admitted to the bar and came to Appleton about 1850. He pos-sessed much ability, was a diligent scholar and was generally con-sidered a good lawyer. He was a member of the Congregationalchurch which he helped to organize in 1850. He was unusuallywell versed in biblical lore and could quote accurately, promptlyand extensively from the bible.
Early in 1863 the supreme court of Wisconsin decided that thesuspension of the writ of habeas corpus by President Lincoln was aviolation of the constitution. This decision met the approval of thedemocrats throughout the state, particularly in Outagamie county.
In January, 1863, in the town of Greenville, Joseph Smith, afarmer residing on the main road to Hortonville, was shot and in-stantly killed by a drunken Stockbridge Indian named Joshua, Wil-son. The murder occasioned great excitement in that town. Afterkilling Mr. Smith the Indian ran to the woods and disappeared.The neighbors hurriedly gathered and started in pursuit and finallyfound him lying near the road two miles distant. They arrestedhim and brought him to Appleton and turned him over to SheriffGoff who immediately placed him in jail. HeI-I was examined beforeJustice Rork and bound over for trial at the June term. The Germankilled left a. wife and six small children. After the Indian was placedin jail in Appleton the report was circulated that a large number ofGerman citizens, numbering from 100 to 200, was approaching forthe purpose of lynching the Indian. To meet. any such movementthe sheriff immediately rallied a large force of citizens who preparedto resist any such attempt. A large body of rioters finally appearedand demanded of the sheriff the key to the jail, stating that fourmurders had recently been committed in the county, that no one hadbeen convicted and that they intended now to take the law into theirown hands. The sheriff refused to give up the key and advised therioters to disperse. The mob actually numberec about seventy-fivemen, led it was said by one of the men who had sold the Indian thewhisky. The mob immediately proceeded to violence. They seizeda plank and using it as a battering ram proceeded to smash in thedoor of the jail. The men assisting the sheriff immediately inter-vened and after a severe fight between the two parties, during whichtime many black eyes and bloody noses appeared the rioters wererepulsed and the sheriff held the ground. There were under thesheriff at the time about 100 citizens who were engaged against themob in this battle at the jail. While the struggle was in progresssome one telegraphed to the governor that a riot was in progressagainst the sheriff and asked for assistance. However, no soldierswere ordered out. The mob soon retired and the war was at an end.There were many casualties, such as bruises and bloody noses. Nu-merous reports went out over the state, greatly exaggerated, con-cerning this riot. The Crescent said, "Our citizens return hearty
thanks to the Milwaukee Sentinel and News for publishing incor-rect accounts of the affair in advance of the mails."
"The determined and successful action of our citizens in thesuppression of the recently attempted riotous proceeding cannot bemisunderstood by any one, including those who so foolishly seemedbent on disgracing the place by lynch law. We are proud to saythat the people of Appleton and nine-tenths of the residents of thecounty will never sanction the substitution of mob rule in lieu ofcivil law. The Germans who were engaged in this demonstrationmust learn that upon the strict regard for civil law and implicit obedi-ence thereto, rests the very permanency of our liberties and the lawsare amply sufficient to punish every criminal. The Indian deservesthe severest penalty of the law and will be punished. But one wordto these rioters: Your lawless proceedings must never again be re-peated in our city. Our citizens will never allow another such anoutrage on good order either in the present or future come from whatsource it may, without subjecting the perpetrators to the severest pen-alties of the civil law."-(Crescent, January 17, 1863.)
At the June term of court Joshua Wilson, the Indian, was con-victed of murder in the first degree and sentenced to confinement inthe penitentiary for life, ten days of each year to be solitary confine-ment. The district attorney entered a nolle pros in the cases of anumber of citizens charged with refusing to assist in quelling theriot at the jail during the previous winter. In the murder caseagainst Joshua Wilson the district attorney and George H. Myersprosecuted and T. R. Hudd and S. R. Cotton defended.
The vote for chief justice of the supreme court in this county inApril, 1863, was as follows: Dixon (R.) 625, Cothren (D.) 886.Among the attorneys practicing at Appleton were the following:Samuel Boyd, G. H. Myers, W. S. Warner, Ellis & Fisher, Jewett &Hudd, C. Coolbaugh, Anson Ballard, T. R. Hudd, Whittemore &Weibrod and S. R. Cotton.
In December, 1863, four Oneida Indians were arrainged beforeJustice Warner charged with' mutilating the Methodist church build-ing at Oneida. They were charged with having smashed windowsand doors and damaged other parts of the building. In order tosecure one of them as a witness District Attorney Clark entered anolle pros in his case and then had the other Indians fined $10 andcosts each.
The legislature authorized a special term of the circuit courtheld at Appleton in February, 1864, "for the transaction of all busi-ness pending in any and every county in the Tenth circuit that couldbe transacted thereat without the intervention of a jury." No furthernotice of this special term was required other than the act itself.About the same time the circuit court of Outagamie county inJanuary of each year was made a special term for the whole Tenthcircuit. In February, 1864, J. H. M. Wigman was admitted to prac-tice at the bar of the circuit court of this county.
The legislature in April, 1865, conferred upon the county courtjurisdiction in all civil actions equal to and commensurate with the
circuit court for all sums not exceeding $500; but this court was notgiven jurisdiction in actions of ejectment, mandamus and quo war-ranto. Appeals in civil actions from justices of the peace or fromjudgments before justices were to be taken to the county court in-stead of the circuit court as before. It was made a court of recordwith clerk and seal. Four annual terms of this court were orderedheld-January, March, May and October. The act creating thiscourt made full provisions for its operations. This law was repealedin 1867.
Upon the resignation of Judge Myers, Governor Lewis ap-pointed Samuel Boyd to be county judge of Outagamie county untilanother judge should be elected later in the spring of 1865. SamuelRyan, Jr., was elected county judge. He had been provisionally ap-pointed to that office by the governor in March. He duly qualifiedand prepared to take the office January 1, 1868; but Judge Boydwho had contested the election declared it to be his intention to holdthe office. On the day appointed Judge Ryan took his seat on thebench and held the full term of court without interruption. Heagain demanded the books, but Judge Boyd refused to deliver them.Judge Ryan then commenced suit to secure possession of the books,etc.
In the case of Ryan against Boyd, Judge Washburne decidedthat he had no jurisdiction in the case. Thereupon the case wastaken to the Supreme Court. The case was heard in the SupremeCourt late in February, 1866. The answer was filed by Judge Boydand the demurrer thereto brought the matter to issue. Boyd was notready and the case went over to the June term.
In October, 1865, the governor of Wisconsin offered a rewardof $300 for the capture of the person guilty of murder near Apple-ton. Governor Lewis made this offer because the sheriff of Outa-gamie county failed to take any definite action looking to the captureof the murderer. It was noted in November that the grand juryhad instituted a larger number of criminal trials than during anyterm since the organization of the county. At the December term ofthe court, David McCornac was found guilty of larceny on threeindictments, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in thecity prison.
In 1865 Anson Ballard and Louis Schintz were partners; so alsowere E. B. Clark and Samuel Boyd and T. R. Hudd and J. H. M.Wigman, W. S. Warner practiced alone. In 1866 terms of the cir-cuit court were fixed for January, June and November of each year;neither grand nor petit jury was to be summoned for the Januaryterm.
In June, 1866, the case of Ryan vs. Boyd was argued in theSupreme Court by G. B. Smith and S. A. Pinney. The court sus-tained Ryan's demurrer to Boyd, but notwithstanding the decisionof the Supreme Court, Judge Boyd still held the books and papersof the county judge's office from Judge Ryan. At last in DecemberSamuel Boyd who had assumed the duties of county judge since the
previous January, turned over the books, papers and seal to JudgeRyan, the man legally elected, and thus, ended this vexatious case.-
The circuit court closed its November term early in December,1866. Several interesting cases were heard. The riot case was anolle prossed, the jury failing to agree. This case was where a partyof men by force dispossessed L. P. Cozzens of the tract of land whichhe held by virtue of a tax title deed.
There was considerable talk early in 1867 of abolishing thecounty court. Finally a number of citizens prepared a petition, towhich they obtained about 384 signatures, and sent it to the legisla-ture for the termination of that court. At this date the county con-ta.ined about 2,300 legal voters. There were many of them who op-posed this step.
The circuit court at the June term was occupied one day lessthan two weeks. It was a jury term and was unusually short. JackHolland was convicted of assault and sentenced to one year to thestate prison. In one case the jury brought in a verdict against thecharge of the judge. He set aside the verdict and granted a new trial.In the case of the widow of Cornelius, the Indian who was drownedat the old drawbridge, the jury brought in a verdict in her favor of$716. A new trial was denied. The case was taken to the supremecourt. One or two divorce decrees were granted without contest. Inseveral instances the jury refused or failed to obey the instructionsof the court. John E. Austin of Dale was foreman of the grandjury. Henry Dodge Ryan., formerly connected with the Crescent,was admitted to the practice of law in December, before Judge Wash-burne.
The act of February 29, 1868, provided that four terms of thecounty court should be held annually-April, July, October andDecember; the salary of county judge was fixed at $500. In Febru-ary, 1868, there were pending in the supreme court of the state thefollowing cases from this county: Cornelius vs. the City of Apple-ton; Roger vs. Hudd; White vs. City of Appleton; Cuthbert vs. Cityof Appleton; City of Appleton vs. Barteau.
T. R. Hudd, who had been here many years and was prominentas a lawyer and legislator, removed to Green Bay in the spring of1868. His partner Mr. Wigman accompanied him, but they stillretained a branch office in this city. At the vote for supreme justicethis spring the county cast 1,320 for Dunn (D.) and 1,038 forDixon (R.).
Among the lawyers in Appleton in 1868 were the folowing:Anson Ballard and Louis Schnitz, who ,vere associated as partners;Hudd & Wigman, also partners, attorneys-at-law, and solicitors inbankruptcy; N. B. Clark and Samuel B. Boyd, associated as partners,under the firm name of Clark & Boyd; Humnphrey Pierce, attorneyand counselor, practicing alone.
In September, 1868, two boys na.med Shepard, aged 15 and 17years, were arrested and committed to jail at Appleton, charged withthe murder of a young man named Leslie. All parties resided nearHortonville. The oldest Shepard boy admitted that he shot Leslie,
but claimed he did it in self defense. The father of the dead boytestified and his evidence was strong against the young Shepards.Apparently the shooting was the result of a feua between the fami-lies of the two boys. The Shepard boys were out hunting for bears,the older one having an army musket loaded with twelve buckshot.In an altercation he shot young Leslie through the breast causinghis death. The young man gave himself up. After a thorough triallasting three days, the jury brought in a verdict acquitting EdwardShepard and Eugene Shepard for the murder of Robert Leslie. Theverdict was in accordance with public sentiment. T. R. Iudd andJ. H. Wigman were for the prosecution; and G. H. Myers and Gen-eral E. S. Bragg for the defendants. "General Bragg's argumentwas the most eloquent and powerful ever delivered in a criminalcase in this county. Mr. Hudd made a strong plea for the prosecu-tion. The trial demonstrated the existence of a feud between thefamilies that was disgraeful to civilized people."--(Crescent.) Thisterm of the court closed after a period of nearly three weeks andwas one of the most expensive ever held in the county.
At this session of the circuit court there were twenty-one caseson the docket.
A. Lang was tried for murdering F. Plunderman; G. TW. Lattaand T. R. Hudd prosecuted and K. M. Phillips and J. C. Nevitte de-fended. The case was heard before Judge E. H. Ellis and the de-fendant was finally acquitted.
In December, 1877, the county bar gave a complimentary sup-'per at the Waverly to Judge Ellis. It was thought that this wouldbe his last term here and the lawyers wished to do him signal honor.The state was about to be redistricted and it seemed probable that hewould thus be thrown in another district. Formal proceedings werefirst held in a meeting at the courthouse when W. S. Warner, JudgeCollins and others spoke of the high esteem in which Judge Ellis washeld. Henry D. Ryan, then on behalf of the bar addressed thejudge in a letter requesting him to be present at the Waverly Houseat 9 o'clock, Saturday evening, December 15, and in the address usedthe following language: "We desire to manifest our appreciationof your great worth and integrity as a man and your learning, im-partiality and sound judgment as a judge. No person ever in thiscounty questioned your integrity or doubted your honesty. Youstand with bar and people above and beyond suspicion. We partwith you affectionately but reluctantly. Your eminent abilities qual-ify you for a seat on the bench of the supreme court of the state ofWisconsin, where we all hope at no distant day to see you seated.You have been kind and courteous to all the members of the bar,both young and old. You have maintained the dignity and integrityof the profession and you have added learning, patience and purityto the judicial ermine. May a kind Providence bless you and roundout your life in the fulness of years and honors." This was signedby the following members of the bar: Samuel Boyd, A. L. Collins,W. S. Warner, H. D. Ryan, H. C. Sloan, S. Baird, Lyman Barnes,Mill Schoetz, R. Lester, D. C. Babcock, G. H. SMyers, John Bottensek,
J. E. Harriman, W. J. Allen, George C. Jones, John Goodland, A. H.Kellogg, William Kennedy, E. H. Enos and G. T. Thorn. It wasalso signed by all the county officials. At the Waverly house meet-ing others-county officers, city officers, members of the press, busi-ness men and citizens-assembled to assist in doing honor to a manwhom all so highly regarded. The fine supper was first enjoyed byall. The following toasts were then responded to: "Our Country,"W. S. Warner; "The State of Wisconsin," Judge A. L. Collins;"Our Guest," Judge Ellis, whose remarks were very interesting, fullof reminiscences, and showed that he was born on the banks of Foxriver upwards of 52 years before this time; "The Judiciary," J. E.Harriman; "The Press," Sam. Ryan, Jr., "The Ladies," H. C. Sloanand William Kennedy. After a few remarks by the chairman,Mayor Marston, all united in singing "Auld Lang Syne," and thendispersed.
In the winter of 1869-70 A J. Turner, assemblyman, introduceda bill to make probate business free instead of requiring the paymentof the fees into the county treasury. The Post favored the passageof this bill because, it alleged, the present judge was never known toremit a single cent even in cases of dire distress. The Cresecent de-nounced this statement as untrue. In 1869 the terms of the circuitcourt were two-June and November, and each term was a specialterm for the whole circuit. The grand jury system was voted in in1870 by the voters of the state. The Crescent said, "The grand jurysystem is unfair, inquisitorial, cumbersome and very expensive andwe are satisfied that the people ,will vote by a large majority for itsdiscontinuance."
Among the lawyers practicing at the court in Apple-ton in 1870 were Warner & Ryan, S. S. Hamilton, Hudd & Wigman,Geo. H. Myers, Samuel Boyd, Gabriel Bouck, Humphrey Pierce,E. P. Finch, Reitbrock & Benninghausen, George Gary, Freeman &Hancock, G. T. Thorne, Elbridge Smith, Ellis, Hastings and Greenand others.
In November, 1870, the vote on the grand jury system in thiscounty was as follows: .For the system 483; against the system 840;majority against 357. In Appleton the vote for the system was 104,against the system 359. The towns casting majorities for the systemwere Black Creek, Ellington, Greenville, Hortonia, Liberty, MapleiCreek and Osborn. The majority in the state was against the systemwhich was thereupon abolished. The last grand jury was summonedin December, 1870, R.. R. Bateman was chosen foreman. They foundthree indictments, all robbery or larceny, fourteen cases were dis-posed of at this term. Hon. E. T. Sprague was judge.
In 1871 the terms of the circuit court in Outagamie county werefixed for the second Mondays in March and November of each year.A regular term of the court was ordered held on the first Monday inJune, 1871, and grand and petit juries were ordered summoned.Chapter 25 of the general laws of 1871 could not take effect in Outa-gamie county until August 1, 1871, said the legislature. \The act ofMarch 23, 1871, abolished tlhe system of fees employed by the judge
of probate who was thereafter to be paid a salary determined by thecounty board. W. J. Lander was admitted to the bar late in 18.71.
The June term of the circuit court in 1873 had a large docket-93 cases, of which 49 were railroad cases. This brought to the citymany lawyers, litigants and witnesses. Lawyers were present fromFond du Lac, Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Chilton, Stevens Point, Menasha,Green Bay and Marinette. It was an important session. Judge Ellisand District Attorney Kennedy dispatched business rapidly.
In January, 1876, William S. Warner retired from the law firmof Warner, Ryan & Allen; H. D. Ryan succeeded to the business.W. J. Allen opened a separate office. J. A. Parkhurst began prac-ticing at this time; he was formerly circuit clerk. G. T. Thornformed a partnership with Mr. Weisbrod. H. C. Sloan began the,practice at this time; he was the son of A. Scott Sloan, attorneygeneral.
The legislature in March, 1878, enacted that a certain abstractof title to the real estate of the county of Outagamie according toWalton's system' recently compiled for and bought by the countyboard, was constituted a part of the official records of the office of theregister of deeds. It was made the duty of the register to continueand keep up the abstract.
In January, 1879, the governor appointed George H. Myersjudge of the Tenth judicial circuit agreeably to the requests of thebar, officers of the court and prominent citizens.
In 1879 Herman Knoll was tried for the murder of CharlesRhode, the town of Black Creek where the crime was committedoffered a reward of $500 for the arrest and conviction of the mur-derer; later the county board assumed a portion of this offer.William Kennedy and John Goodland prosecuted and H. D. Ryanand C. E. McIntosh defended. Knoll was convicted, but the case wasreversed by the supreme court on the ground of incompetent evi-dence.
The case against Parker, the Indian, was tried at this time.Foster, Davis & Foster was a law firm at this time. Judge Congerheld court here. J. E. Harriman was county judge. Patchin &Weed, attorneys of Nelw London, established a branch office withRichard Lester.
"Too Many Lawyers.-Appleton contains too many lawyers;so please stop writing to us to ascertain if this is a good place forlawyers. Indeed the supply is far above the demand. There are ofcourse some who are doing a large business, but the generality arenot, but are what are usually termed 'the poor unfortunate devils.'What is wanted is to limit the production and pad the issues and thepathway of the real lawyers will be strewn again as of yore with solidprosperity."- (Crescent, April 10, 1880.)
The vote for county judge in the spring of 1881 was as follows:Harriman, 3,475; Flanagan, 852; Goodland, 127. ,The act of March,1822, required the county judge to appoint a competent person torecord the proceedings of the county court, to be styled the "registerof probate." His duties were fully set forth.
In 1882 the lawyers at Appleton were: W. J. Alien, D. C. Bab-cock, S. Baird, L. Barnes, J. Bottensek, S. Boyd, O. E. Clark, A. L.Collins, J. Goodland, L. Hammel, J. E Harriman, G. C. Jones,A. H. Kellogg, G. H. Myers, W. Kennedy, H. Pierce, H. D. Ryan,H. C. Sloan, H. W. Tenney, W. S. Warner, H. Wantz, S. Ryan,J. Roenor and at Kaukauna E. C. Eastman.
In the spring of 1883 Door, Oconto, Brown, Kewaunee andMarinette counties were taken from this, the Tenth judicial circuit,leaving only four counties-Outagamie, Shawano, Langlade andFlorence-in the Tenth circuit. The reason of the division was be-cause the old Tenth was too large, no one judge being able to handleall the business with dispatch and success.
At different times for many years the advisability of forming atAppleton an association of the bench and bar had been consideredbut no definite step with that object in view was taken until early inFebruary, 1884, when sixteen members of the bar assembled at theoffice of H. D. Ryan and were called to order by that gentleman.William Kennedy was elected chairman of the meeting, John Botten-sek secretary. Several members of the local bar made speeches favor-ing the formation of sueh a society or association. The meeting thenadjourned to reassemble February 7. on which occasion a temporaryorganization iwas effected by the election of I-I. W. Tenney chairmanand F. W. Harriman secretary. A committee consisting of H. D.Ryan, L. L. Collins, William Kennedy, O. E. Clark and JohnGoodland was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws and toreport in one week.
The final meeting was held February, 1884, when a perma'anentorganization was effected, all members of the Appleton bar beingpresent. The following permanent officers were elected: L. L.Collins, president; H. D. Ryan, vice-president; F. W. Harriman,secretary; George C. Jones, treasurer. The following order of busi-ness was adopted: Reading the minutes, reports of committees, mo-tions, selection of topics for next meeting, discussion of topics for thismeeting, adjournment. It was decided to hold sessions every twoweeks. The topic selected for discussion at the next meeting was"Sir Matthew Hale." A. B. Whitman, L. Hammel and A. O. Black-well were appointed to prepare a catalogue of all the law books inthe city.
W. J. Allen read an essay on the life of Sir Matthew Hale-anexcellent effort. This was followed by a discussion of the same sub-ject. It was announced that H. W. Tenney at the next session wouldspeak on "The Law Courts of England."
In 1883 the court terms were the third Mondays in Apmil andthe second Mondays in October. Florence, Langlade, Outagamie andShawano counties constituted the Tenth circuit. George H. Myerswas judge. John H. Brennan, attorney, located at Kaukauna in1883. At the third meeting of the bar association Judge Collinstalked on the "Early Courts of Wisconsin." In the case of the Statevs. Knoll, Kennedy and Pierce prosecuted and Hudd and others de-
fended. Knoll was found guilty of manslaughter in the seconddegree and sentenced to seven years in the. penitentiary.
In February, 1885, the bar association appointed H. W. Tenney,John Goodland, Humphrey Pierce and John Bottensek a committeeto consider the advisability of changing the time of holding courtfrom April to June and from October to December. If the changeswere deemed advisable the committee were authorized to prepare abill to that effect. At this time Mr. Tenney was vice-president of thestate bar association. A new circuit judge was to be elected in April.1885, for the Tenth judicial circuit composed of the counties ofOutagamie, Shawano, Langlade and Florence to succeed Judge Myers.There were many candidates.
In March John Goodland was solicited by 72,6 electors of theTenth circuit to become a candidate for judge at the approachingelection. Mr. Goodland accepted the invitation. Among the signersat Appleton were H. W. Tenney, S. P. Ming, John Ar. Cirkel, A. HI.Conkey, James Golden and Welcome Hyde. Judge Harriman wascandidate for county judge. The contest assumed something of apartisan nature-that for circuit judge. The candidates finallynarrowed down to Myers and Goodland, the latter was formally nom-inated for the office by the democrats.
Judge Collins' remarks on early lawyers of Wisconsin were veryinteresting. At this meeting it was noted that recently two membersof this bar had been defeated by a merchant who conducted his owilcase. A motion was made to expel the two lawyers, but was finallywithdrawn and all again became merry and placid.
In 1886 Mrs. Girkie was tried for the murder of Peter Arnl-strong; she shot him while he was trying to enter her house; shewas convicted of murder in the second degree. District AttorneySpencer prosecuted and William Kennedy defended; the trial washeld at Dartford. About this time Hugh Boyle was tried for murdercharged with killing Theodore Endter. District Attorney Spencerand H. D. Rya.n prosecuted and William Kennedy and G. H. Daw,--son defended. Anton HIelmrod killed John Bauer, shot him, andwas tried for his murder. There were four or five murder cases onthe docket this year, 1886. This was about the time when thenumerous river, canal, water power and riparian rights cases werefirst instituted and when the local bar became one of the most con-spieuous and one of the ablest in the West.
The Appleton lawyers in 1887-8 were as follows: William J.Allen, Samuel Baird, John Bottensek, Orland E. Clark, Edward E.Fitzgerald, James Fitzgerald, John Goodland, Joseph W. Hammond.Fred E. Harriman, F. W. Harriman, J .E. arriman A..H. Kellogg.William Kennedy, Pierce & Moeskes, H. D. RyIan, Sam Ryan.H. W. Tenney, Whitman & Spencer.
Judge J. E. Harriman died in April, 1889. The bar met andpassed suitable resolutions regretting the event and extolling thecharacter of the deceased. The bar association took suitable actionover the death of H. -C. Tenney in February, 1890; remark-. 'weremade by Judge Myers, John Goodland, H. D. Ryan, Samuel Boyd
and Charles Lamb. The resolutions prepared by Goodland, Boyd arndBottersek delineated the excellent qualities of Mr. Tenney both asa lawyer and a citizen.
William Kennedy was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1844, andcame to Wisconsin in 1857, and to Appleton in 1871. He wentrapidly to the front of his profession-law-and became one of theforemost criminal lawyers of the West and an orator that alwaysattracted a large audience. He served as state senator in the '80sand '90s.
Upon the death of Judge Harrinman his son, F . H. Harriman,was appointed county judge by Governor Hoard. Judge Harrima.nhad been very prominent here in all worthy public movements aswell as professionally. In 1891 G. T. Moeskes was elected countyjudge. Judge Myers having died, beautiful memorial services wereheld, among the speakers being Kennedy, Harriman, Bottel.se.k.Warner, Bradford and others. In August, 1891, Judge Goodlandheld his first session as circuit judge. He stated that there could notbe a good court without a good bar and called attention to the needhere of sound lawyers owing to the many large cases arising fromLL thewater power, river, canal and immense factories. This year the veryimportant case of Kimberly & Clark Company vs, Henry Hewitt,upon which depended a score of other cases, was tried in the outrtsand decided for the plaintiff.
The suits of Telulah Paper Company, Fox River Paper Com-pany and Patten Paper Company (Ltd.) vs. Appleton Edison Elec-tric Light Company, Appleton Chair Company, J. A. Kimberly, Jr.,and Frank H. Pietsch, alleged that the defendants took water fromthe government canal, derived from the pond created by the firstdam, or Grand Chute danm, and instead of emptying it in such awaythat it should be tributary to the second dam or Ballard and Westdam, they diverted it and emptied it below the said second dan,thereby greatly damaging the plaintiffs by depriving them of its use,for their mills and factories. Similar suits wvere instituted betweenothers.
The court ruled that the darn was built for public purposes,that the state had a right to declare that the surplus water arisingfrom the improvement of the rivers belonged to the state, and thatas the owner of the adjoining land did not avail, himself of theprovision made by courts for damages to persons injured by theimprovement of the river, the Water Works Company cannot now,after twenty-five years have elapsed, claim the land because of afailure to receive compensation.
Marshall K. Snell was an attorney at Seymour in the '90s, buthe left and located in Tacoma, Washington, when he went to thefront of his profession; his wife was admitted to the bar of thatcity in 1898. The Appleton attorneys attended the bar conventionat Marshfield early in January, 1893. · T. W., Harriman was chosensecretary of one of the two conventions held there. At the meetingof the bar association in January, 1893, H. Pierce. L. E. Barnes andG H. Dawson were appointed to draft a bill for the establishment of
a municipal court at Appleton. John Bottensek and Charles H.Coates formed a partnership in October, 1896.
Albert H. Krugmeier opened an office in Appleton in 1899.T. R. Hudd died in June, 1896. Henry Kreiss was elected countyjudge in 1901. Henry W. Tenney died in 1903; he came here ill1879. In 1903 G. T. Moeskes retired from active practice as a memberof the law firm of Pierce, Lehr & Moeskes. The vote for circuit judgein 1903 was as follows: Goodland (D.) 2,831; Bottensek (R.) 1,243;Goodrick, 672. The town of West Oneida did not vote. In 1904F. W. Harriman and Joseph Koffend became law partners. LymanE. Barnes died at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in January, 1904. Amunicipal court was talked of in 1904. Alfred Nugent, attorney ofKaukauna, died this year.
The act of March, 1905, redistricted the state into judicial cir-cuits. The Tenth Judicial Circuit embraced the counties of Flor-ence, Forest, Langlade, Outagamie and Shawano. There were eight-een circuits in the whole state.
In June, 1905, the terms of the circuit court were fixed thefirst Monday in March and the third Monday in September of eachyear.
The trial of W. E. Kabst for the murder of Michael McCartyoccurred in 1908; he received a life sentence. In 1906 there wereon the court calendar 69 cases, of which 13 were criminal.
In November, 1906, definite steps to establish a municipal courtwere taken. Senator F. M. Wilcox delivered a long and strongspeech to the county board explaining the benefits of such a court.I-e was assisted by A. H. Krugmeier and others. During the winterof 1903-7 a bill calling for the establishment of such a court wasintroduced in the legislature. When this fact became known, andit further became known that such a bill was likely to pass, twentymembers of the Outagamie County Bar Association met at the courtroom in March, 1907, to consider the municipal court bill pendingin the legislature, which asked for such a court in all the countyexcept the northern tiers of towns. After discussion a vote was takenand only three votes were registered against the bill-Pierce andClark of Appleton and Hosting of Kaukauna. Accordingly, a peti-tion asking for the passage of the bill was prepared and forwardedto the legislature. Already, by March 11, the bill had been passed bythe senate. The bill passed the house by 54 to 33, was signed by thegovernor and thus became a law. This act necessitated the electionof a municipal judge in April.
There were two candidates for municipal judge-Thomas II.Ryan (D.) and J. E. Lehr (R.) The Post and many republicans,regardless of politics, supported Mr. Ryan, who- was elected by alarge majority.
At the end of the first year of the existence of the municipalcourt the lawyers of the county were a unit as to its usefulness andsuccess. Mr. Wilcox, its father, and Judge Ryan, its interpreter,were greatly pleased with the results.
The act of March 21, 1907, created and established the munici-pal court of Outaga.mie county and constituted it a court' of recordwith a seal. The court was to be held in the court house in Apple-ton, and at least one day in each week at Kaukauna. The first judgewas to be elected in April, 1907, and every four years thereafter.His salary was first fixed at $1,800 per year, but later at $2,500 peryear.
"The said municipal court shall have and exercise powers andjurisdiction equal and concurrent with the circuit court of Outa-gamie county in all cases of crimes and misdemeanors arising insaid county except the crimes of murder and manslaughter." Thecourt was also given jurisdiction in all civil actions, both in lawand in equity, concurrent with that of the circuit court, but withcertain restrictions and limitations. The judge was prohibited frompracticing law, from giving legal advice and from being retainedwhile holding the position.
On May 1, when Judge Pyan took his seat on the municipalbench for the first time, he was surprised with a visit from the entirelocal bar that could attend. He was asked for an expression of hisopinion, and replied, "This is a new position for me and one in whichI have had no experience, but I intend to study and I hope to giveso fair and impartial an administration that your sentiment at theclose of my term. of office will be as warm toward the court as it isat this auspicious opening. We have a bar in this county that issecond to none, and there is nothing I count on more for the successof the court than the support and co-operation of the attorneys whowill practice before me. Felicitous and complimentary speecheswere made by Judge Goodland, Humphrey Pierce, Mr. Krugmeier,Judge Kreiss, Mr. Bottensek, Mr. Spencer, Mr. Clark, Cary, Lehr,Erb and others. Amusing and witty sallies and railleries passedback and forth, rendering the occasion a memorable one. All con-gratulated the new judge and wished him every success. An amend-ment to the law was passed in July, 1907.
During the first four years of the municipal court 1,579 caseswere filed, of which 938 were of justice court procedure; 292 civil,137 city of Appleton cases; circuit court procedure, 136 civil and76 criminal cases.
"There is perhaps no department of justice in Outagamie countythat has received more publicity for the length of time that it hasbeen in existence than the municipal court. Although only in itssecond year, the court has meted out to large numbers various degreesof punishment. Since it was established, May 1, 1907, and up toDecember 31, 1908, there were heard by Judge Ryan 431 criminalactions, 93 civil actions and 56 actions under the city ordinances.The total of fines collected and paid the county treasurer was $1,-765.20; total paid city treasurer, $195.70; total paid in officers' fees,$337.17."---(Post, January 7, 1909.)
Pierce and Bradford formed a law partnership in December,1909. Judge John Goodland was 79 years old in August, 1909. Thelaw of 1909 gave the municipal court jurisdiction in divorce cases.
-HISTOlRY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 533
Judge heard his first case in August; special divorce counsel wasprovided for.
In January, 1909, there were four candidates for the circuitjudgeship in this county. A meeting of the bar was held for thepurpose, if possible, of eliminating all but one; this was done inorder to prevent such strife as would lose the office to this county.A committee to see if this could be accomplished was appointed-Spencer, Pierce and Clossen. The committee finally decided to holda mail primary if the candidates would consent. The candidates wereJohn Bottensek, Frank S. Bradford, John Goodland and Fred M.Wilcox. The names of the four were to be sent out and voters wereasked to place an X opposite the one of their choice. Mr. Clark, acandidate, refused to enter the primary vote. Mr. Pierce refusedto become a candidate. Tickets with the four names were sentthroughout the county and the following was the result in Febru-ary: Goodland, 3,884; Bradford, 1,582; Bottensek, 1,188; Wilcox,887. This was a unique and unusual experiment, but it told whatthe voters thought and saved trouble and expense. On the ticketsthe voters took advantage to express their sentiments generallyin such remarks as the following: "Asleep at the switch"; "Only astenographer"; "Always on the fence"; "Likes money too well";"Had a good job"; "Thinks before he speals"; "Speaks before hethinks"; "Let well enough alone"; "The devil vou know is betterthan the one you don't"; "Sleepy hollow"; "No legal training";"My choice"; "Always out of office"; "God bless the judge." At theApril election the following was the result: Goodland, 4,409; HIogan,1,031; Sillett, 683; Clark, 42.
Judge Samuel Boyd died suddenly in March, 1907; he gradu-ated from Lawrence University in 1859 and from the Albany (NewYork) Law School in 1861. He began to practice here at once andcontinued thus engaged until his death. He was a sound lawyerand a useful and prominent citizen.
In May, 1909, Glen Morse,' clerk of the circuit court, was struckby an outgoing passenger train near the insane asylum and so badlyinjured that he died in a few minutes; he drove on the track anddid not see the approaching train until too late.
Wilcox & Wilcox, attorneys, opened an office in Kaukauna inFebruary, 1910. William Kennedy died at the Northern Hospitalin 1910. City Attorney Joseph Chopin of Kaukauna died in Janu-ary, 1910; he began practicing there about 1898-9.
The attorneys of Appleton in 1910 were as follows: George B.Baldwin, Francis S. Bradford, C. G. Cannon, Paul V. Cary, Frank E.Clark, O. E. Clark, J. P. Frank, F. E. Harriman, Fred V. Heinemann,Edward G. Jones, George C. Jones, A. H. Kellogg, JosephKoffend, Jr., A. H. Krugmeier, Elmer J. Lehr, Humphrey Pierce,F. J. Rooney, Henry D. Ryan, A. C. Siekman, H. C. Sloan, A. M.Spencer, Wilcox & Wilcox.
S CHOOLS were taught in what is now Outaaamie county longbefore the county was organized and while it was yet a part ofBrown county. Appropriate mention of such will be foundin the chapter on settlement. It is said that as early as 1_828)
a free school was taught in the mission house at Kaukalin by MissElecta Quinney; afterwards others were taught there from time totime. In fact, schools were taught in this county before 1848, whenthe first houses of Appleton village proper were erected. The town ofKaukalin had had an existence since 1839 and by 1846 there wasquite a white settlement scattered along Fox River, and severalschools are known to have been taught around or near Kaukiautlnand the old settlements in Buchanan:, Freedom a.ndc Grand (llhtetowns.
A big meeting was held in the courthouse in Green Baty onMay 14, 1849, to take into consideration the question of adoptingla uniform system of public instruction. Erastus Root, state super-intendent, was present and addressed the meeting. It was resolved,"That it is expedient at the present time to organize a teachers' In-stitute for Brown county; that the principle of gradation of schoolsshould be incorporated into the common school system of the stateof Wisconsin." The Institute was duly organized and a constitl-tion :adopted. Congressman Morgan L. Martin was active in themovement; he was chosen president of the institute.
"In the winter of 1847 Reeder Smith applied to Amos A. Law-rence of Boston for a subscription to the Albion Institute of Michi-gan. Mr. Lawrence told him that he had instructed his agent atGreen Bay to make a present to the Wisconsin conference of theMethodist Episcopal Church of $10,000 to establish an institute oflearning to be located on Fox River between Lake Winnebago andGreen Bay, provided the conference would give a like sum and takecharge of it. Mr. Smith obtained the promise of Mr. Lawrence topresent the proposition to the Methodists of Wisconsin, and accord-ingly came west and laid the matter before Rev. IHenry Colrman.,Rev. W. IH. Sampson and others of Fond du Lac. After consulta-tion they visited Milwaukee and further discussed measures with thechurch authorities there. They then appealed to the legislature fora charter for the school to be called Lawrence Institute. The dharterwas readily obtained through Elisha Morrow, then melmbler fromnBrown county. The matter was then submitted to the conferenceat its annual session and the proposition, of Mr. Lawrence wasaccepted, and Rev. Mr. Sampson was appointed to secure $10,000by selling 100 scholarships, which he proceeded to do. The chartermembers of the board of trustees of Lawrence Institute later met
at Fond du Lac and organized, and authorized Reeder Smithto actas agent, and appointed George E. A. Day, Reeder Smith and H. L.Blood a committee to report upon the location of the institute. Thecommittee decided on Grand Chute, now Appleton. The report wasaccepted by the trustees and Reeder Smith was appointed to securethe land for that purpose and draw on Mr. Lawrence for the purchasemoney. The land was then owned by G. W. Lawe and J. F. Meade,two fractional '80s. Mr. Lawe refused to sell, but gave 31 acres to theinstitute. Mr. Meade also gave 31 acres, and sold the balance of theland for a nominal price. In the end Mr. Smith managed to get thewhole of the Meade tract deeded to Mr. Lawrence in one deed, bywhich the institute was deprived of the 31 acres. A committee con-sisting of W. H. Sampson, Reeder Smith and H. L. Blood came toGrand Chute the fore part of August, 1848, and laid out the Appletonplat. Mr. Smith then began to sell lots in Mr. Lawrence's name andreceived the proceeds, while Mr. Lawrence paid for the improvements,and the institute paid Mr. Smith for his services as agent."--(H. L.B., in Crescent, January 15, 1870.) This H. L. B. was no doubtH. L. Blood, who was familiar with all the circumstances as abovenarrated.
The Institute was first opened in November, 1849. The firstboard of trustees of Lawrence University were Charles H. Lindsley,Hoel S. Wright, Robert R. Bateman, William H. Sampson, AlbertG. Ellis, Henry R. Colman, John S. Prescott, Seth W. Ford, M. C.Darling, Henry L. Blood, George E. H. Day, Sereno Fisk and AustinKellogg. Members of the faculty were Romulus 0. Kellogg, A. B.,teacher of ancient languages; James M. Phinney, teacher of mathe-matics and natural sciences; Miss Emeline E. Crooker, preceptress,teacher of music, drawing and painting; Miss L. Amelie Dayton,teacher of modern languages. The first year 56 gentlemen and 49ladies were enrolled as students. Rev. Edward Cooke soon becamepresident and professor of moral and intellectual science, and Rev.William H. Sampson, teacher of mathematics and the Englishbranches.
In 1846, Amos Lawrence of Boston conceived the idea of estab-lishing a university in the west. He said: "I have proposed thisenterprise to my son, and he will offer to give into the hands of yourpeople $10,000 for a college in Wisconsin, to be paid when you raise$10,000 more for the same object. My son, Amos A. Lawrence, willmake the offer to you to establish an institution of learning where onewill be much needed, and if you go there and meet his views he willhelp you on with the undertaking liberally." The son wrote foradvice to Bishop Alonzo Potter of Philadelphia, and Rev. John S.Stone, rector of Christ's Church, Brooklyn, to which letter theyreplied as follows:
"Mr. Amos A. Lawrence of Boston having consulted me inrespect to the plan and incipient operating of the Wisconsin insti-tution, I cheerfully state that I advise that the beginning bemadeon a moderate scale, and that no attempt be made at first to organize
more than the preparatory department, and that much attention begiven to the preparation of teachers for common schools."
"I fully concur in the wisdom of the above advice given bvBishop Potter.
"JOHN S. STONE, D. D."
This concurrence was accompanied by $100 from himself and$500 from his son, who was also an Episcopal minister.
Amos A. Lawrence thereupon wrote to Rev. Reeder Smith,then at Chicago, asking him to attend the conference soon to be heldthere and have the project carried into effect. He conveyed the$10,000 to trustees, to be held by them until another $10,000 shouldbe secured for the same purpose. IHe said in this letter: "I shouldprefer that this institution be placed under the control of the Metho-dists rather than any other, excepting my own church (ProtestantEpiscopal). I have a high opinion of the adaptation of the prin-ciples of the Methodists to the people of the west, and I think fromall I can learn that their institutions are carried on with more vigorand diffuse more good with the same means than any other. I willco-operate with them in all that is necessary for its establishmentalnd organization."
This proposition was favorably considered by the conferenceof Wisconsin. At the same time Rev. Reeder Smith was requestedto act for the conference in procuring the means and adopting themeasures necessary to the permanent establishment of LawrenceUniversity of Wisconsin. For that purpose he was subsequently ap-pointed .financial agent. Rev. Mr. Smith was highly recommendedby Michigan statesmen who knew of his relations with the AlbionSeminary, which was established largely through his efforts. Anassembly of fifty clergymen in New York concurred in the highopinion ntertained of Rev. Mr. Smith. Thus Mr. Lawrence and thePR ock River Conference committed the project to that gentleman.By 1 860 its condition was as follows:
Invested in buildings, library, apparatus, etc ............ $ 70,000Appleton library fund donated by Samuel Appleton...... 10,000Citizens' fund for chairs of mathematics and civil engineer-
ing ......................... ............ .. 10,000Scholarship fund for free tuition ....................... 10,000
Total ....................................... $100,000
Normal instruction and English literature were paid for by thestate, which left all the chairs of the college proper except one withoutendowment. The fire which occurred in 1857 destroyed the buildingoccupied by the female and preparatory department, 200 studentsbeing thrown out. What was wanted in 1860 was:
Building for a female department. ..................... $10,000EI'ndowments of chairs of ethics and civil polity........... 20,000
Chair of ancient languages and literature ................ 15,000Chair of Hebrew and biblical literature ................. 15,000Chair of natural science. ............................. 12,000Chair of modern languages and literature ............... 11,000
Total ............................... .. $.83,000
Of this $50,000 was asked from the east for endowment and$23,000 from the west. Anson Ballard gave $1,000; Theodore Con-key, $1,000, and Reeder Smith $7,000, toward the institution.
By an act of the legislature signed by the governor March 21,1849, an amendment to the original charter was made changing thename from Lawrence Institute to Lawrence University; and it wasalso provided that the annual income of $10,000 might be increasedto $60,000. In 1848-9, a building 30x70 feet, and three storieshigh, was erected, the first story being built of stone. It was but ashort time until the building was overcrowded. In 1852, anotherstructure was built for boarding purposes exclusively. Such was thebeginning of Lawrence University. It was founded for the purposeof providing a "Christian- education," with the belief that an all-round education involved the moral character as well as the intellect;and the spirit in which the work was undertaken was exceedinglyliberal. While the University was founded by men of the MethodistEpiscopal Church, and has been dominated by men of that religiousfaith, no religious restrictions have been placed upon professor orstudent. Rev. Edward Cooke, A. A/., was elected president in 1852,but did not qualify until the summer of 1853. The first enrollmentof students was about 35. In 1853 the cornerstone of the presentcollege building was laid, its dimensions being 120x80 feet, withfour stories and a basement. In 1855, from the bequest of the estateof Samuel Appleton of Boston, $10,000 was received, the incomefrom this sum being for the enlargement of the library. About thistime a cabinet was established for the collection and preservationof minerals, fossils, shells, maps, diagrams, curiosities, and a well-arranged herbarium. In 1891, the valuable conchological collectionof Dr. J. J. Brown of Sheboygan was added, and the same yearcontributions were made by Hon. John Hicks of archaeologicalspecimens obtained in Peru. In the course of time everything wasadded to facilitate in making Lawrence University second to nonein the west. It was early seen that the original donation of Mr.Lawrence would be inadequate to meet the demands of the growthand development of the institution. In 1853, the trustees, in orderto raise $100,000, offered for sale 2,000 scholarships, each of whichshould entitle the holder perpetually to the tuition of one scholar inthe preparatory department or in the college, or both; $50 was theprice of each scholarship and $30,000 were pledged on this plan,and this, for a time, met the requirements of the trustees. At differ-ent periods Lawrence University, like most other similar institutions,has been materially aided by the philanthropic. In 1860, Hon. LeeClaflin gave property to the amount of $10,000; in 1885, C. N. Paine
bequeathed $50,000, which became available in 1891; the estate ofWilliam Drown gave $10,000. These were but a few of the manycontributing friends of the university. In June, 1889, largelythrough the gift of D. G. Ormsby of Milwaukee, the beautiful brickand stone structure known as Ormsby Hall, was dedicated. Underthe leadership of Prof. L. W. Underwood was completed, in1901, Underwood Observatory, equipped with modern instruments,the ten-inch aperture telescope being the gift of Philetus Sawyer.Rev. Edward Cooke, was succeeded as president in 1860 by Rev.Russell Zelo'tes Mason, and he in turn by Rev. George McKendreeSteele in 1865; Rev. E. D. Huntley in 1879; Rev. B. P. Raymond in1884; Rev. C. W. Gallagher in 1889; Rev. Samuel Plantz' in 1894and since occupying the presidency.
Rev. William Harkness Sampson was born September 13, 1808,at Brattleboro, Vermont, and died February 5, 1902, at Tacoma,Washington. Educated at Ovid Academy and Genesee WesleyanSeminary. Accepted the Christian faith when twenty-one, and in1834 was licensed to preach. In 1842 was transferred to the RockRiver Conference and first stationed at Milwaukee. In 1844 wasmade presiding elder of the Green Bay (subsequently the Fond duLac) district. Became an educator of note. Taught in public schoolsof New York State, was principal of Schoolcraft Academy, Michi-gan, and also Carlisle Academy, Indiana. Was one of the originalmen instrumental in founding Lawrence Institute and its successor,Lawrence University. Was the first principal of the institute andfirst president of the university. He resumed the ministry andserved as presiding elder of the Milwaukee district. In 1838 he wasmarried to Rhoda Beebe and after her death, in 1885, to Mrs. S. KateLuther. He was a man whose love of his fellow man and the desireto do lasting good, were his principal actuating forces.
Edward Cooke, D. D., was the second president of LawrenceUniversity. He was one of the ablest men who ever occupied thisposition. In 1853, at the age of forty, he became head of the univer-sity, and thus continued for a. period of six years. He came here withthe ripe experience of eighteen years in principalship of eastern sem-inaries and in pastorates at Boston and other cities of the east. Hislectures, orations and sermons were replete with eloquence and grace.His work here left an indelible impress upon the minds of thosewith whom he came in contact. Rev. Russell Zelotes Mason, LL. D.,was president of Lawrence University from 1859 to 1865. Whenhe came here there was no railroad at Appleton, and he found anindebtedness of $20,000. Through his masterful efforts the indebted-ness was paid off and $20,000 for endowment purposes was procured.He was an able educator, a Christian in all his walks of life and aman of unusual force and character. George McKendree Steele, D. D.,LL. D., who died January 14, 1902, was president of LawrenceUniversity from 1865 to 1879. His influence upon the studentswas unmeasured. No fair and open-minded student-came underhis influence without attaining higher ideals. He was, perhaps, theablest instructor in the university during his time. Elias DeWitt
Huntley, D. D., LL. D., during his presidency of Lawrence Univer-sity, from 1879 to 1883, accomplished much good in raising thestandard of education and in directing toward the university a largefund for its use and betterment. His health broke under the strainof the administration, but he lived to rejoice in the successes whichcrowned the later years of the life of the institution which occupied awarm spot in his affections. Dr. Charles W. Gallagher, D. D., wasa native of Boston, Massachusetts, and of early New England ances-try. He was graduated from Chelsea High school in 1865 and fromthe Wesleyan University in 1870. Prior to entering the Methodistministry he was principal of the Austin Academy at Austin, Nevada.He was a preacher of the Methodist faith in Connecticut, New Yorkand Massachusetts, and served as presiding elder from 1887 until1889. In the latter year he became president oi Lawrence Univer-sity and served until 1893. His work, like that of his predecessors,was for the general good and has contributed in placing LawrenceUniversity among the leading educational institutions of the west.He was an author of note and a man of the highest character andachievements.
Samuel Plantz, D. D., Ph. D., president of Lawrence University,was born at Grovesville, New York, June 13, 1859, son of Jamesand Eliza Plantz. Parents moved to Wisconsin in 1860. Samuelattended public schools of Rock county, Milton College and in 1880was graduated from Lawrence University with the B. of A. degree;then took a three-years' course in the theological department ofBoston University, winning the S. T. B. degree of that institution.In 1886 was graduated fromn the School of All Science of BostonUniversity with the Ph. 1). degree. In 1890-91 studied at Berlin,Germany. Served as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Churchfor a number of years. Married Myra Goodwin September 16, 1885,and has two daughters, Elsie and Florence. Became president ofLawrence University in 1894 and has since served as such. Was oneof the organizers of the Epworth League. Is a member of VictoriaInstitute, London; Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters,and is the Wisconsin State Director of Religious Assocition of Amer-ica. Was appointed a. trustee of the $10,000,000 fund establishedby Andrew Carnegie for pensioning retired college professors.
The public school system of Appleton had its origin in thefall of 1851, when the town of Grand Chute was organized into aschool district, known as No. 1. W. S. Warner was first clerk. Itwas determined to have a free school in the winter of 1851-2. DanielHuntley was put in charge of this school-in a rude building atOneida street and College avenue. He taught singing school, in theevenings. He was paid $28 per month and boarded himself. He had'about 60 pupils. Rev. W. H. Sampson was their town superintendentof schools. The city, and therefore the schools, grew from threepoints-Grand Chute, Appleton and Lawesburg.. The latter tookadvantage of the university school, but the former founded a newdistrict in 1852, which afterward became the Third district. JamesGilmore was the first teacher, in a building at Lawrence and Elm
540 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
streets. Joseph Rork succeeded Mr. Huntley in 1853-4. The firstwoman teacher was Mary Hillard, in 1853-4. A school house wasbuilt on the site of the old Hercules, which burned in 1854.
Mr. Whitman, as teacher and superintendent, served elevenyears; Mr. Conkey served as superintendent twelve years; Mr.Schmidt was principal for fourteen years; Mr. Burke worked as as-sistant six years and as principal more than a. dozen years. Emma E.Bailey served in the schools twenty-two years; Annette C. Purdyserved twenty-one years; Bertha A. Strong served twenty years andothers for long periods.
"In respect to schools Appleton is more highly favored than anyof its sister towns. In addition to three excellent common schools,we have a high school and the Lawrence University; all of which areamply supported. The university now has some seventy or eightystudents. The main college buildings will be erected during theensuing summer and fall. . . The high school, under the chargeof Rev. Jabez Brooks, was designed to fill a vacuum which by manywas felt to exist."-(Crescent, February 17, 1853.) The BrooksI-igh school was taught in Presbyterian hall.
The apportionment of school money for this county, as reportedby the state superintendent in the spring of 1853, was as follows:Ellington, $16.20; Freedom, $45.90; Greenville, $18; Grand Chute,$144; Hortonia, $32.85; Kaukauna, $138.15; Lansing, $15.75; total,$410.85. The High school closed the spring term in 1853 with aliterary exhibition.
"Caution.--All persons are cautioned against- purchasing ofthe Lawrence University lots on any portion of the 'Thirty-one AcreTract' situated between the village plats of Appleton and Lawesburg,as the said university has no right or authority to convey the same.-George W. Lawe, Appleton, June 4, 1853."
"The brick for the college is now being hauled into town fromthe brickyard about two and one-half miles distant. The collegecontract calls for 400,000; the outer walls and main subdivisionsbeing built of stone."-(Crescent, July 16, 1853.)
By January, 1854, Lawrence University had already furnishedover twenty teachers for the commlon schools in this and. othercounties. This fact was fully appreciated by the early pioneers be-cause of the lack of competent and experienced teachers in thesettlement. So rapidly grew the attendance at the university that theleading hotels of the town were transformed into boarding houses.The Edgarton, Crescent and National hotels were thus transformedinto dormitories for the students. Bowen's hotel was destroyed byfire. It was now declared that a new hotel was needed in Appletonby the traveling public.
"The Eclipse.-President Cooke has erected a large telescope onthe college grounds and many will take a good look at the sun thisFriday afternoon."- (Crescent, May 27, 1854.)
Late in April, the number of students registered at LawrenceUniversity was 207, an increase of forty over the preceding term."The state university, with the power, influence and money of the
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 541
state to support it, cannot show one-sixth as many students, and asto 'the literary reputation of the two institutions, it is only necessaryto remark that the Lawrence University is universally acknowledgedto be much superior to any high school, college or university in thewestern states."-(Crescent, April 13, 1854.)
In June, it was announced that the building for another colle-giate department of the university would be commenced immediatelyand completed in about twelve months. Already stone was on theground. The site selected was ten or fifteen rods north of Collegeavenue and opposite the new college.
The capstone of Lawrence University was laid May 27, amidstthe cheers of a large crowd and the inspiring strains of the AppletonSaxhorn band. The cornerstone of this building was laid elevenmonths before.
On July 28, the schools of Appleton assembled in the grove nearthe central school house under the direction of their teachers, MissMarian Ellis and Miss Myra Boynton and duly celebrated the day.The former had in charge 126 scholars and the latter over 50. Theseteachers acquitted themselves during the past year entirely to thesatisfaction of parents and pupils. The exercises were conductedunder the direction of Joseph Rork, superintendent of the town ofGrand Chute. Rev. Elmore Yocum delivered the principal address.Prof. James M. Phinney read a communication from Samuel Ryan,Jr., who had been invited to speak, but could not attend. The picnicdinner was all that could be desired and gave great satisfaction tothe children.
By the middle of July, the chapel of the university was nearlyfinished and on the following Sunday was occupied for the firsttime. In August, the two district schools of Appleton gave a cele-bration, on which occasion 150 children were present and marchedto the grove, where they enjoyed 'a picnic dinner prepared by theladies. The central village school numbered 126 scholars. At thistime there were three district schools in the villages.
In October, 1854, it was announced that 220 students were inattendance at the university. Accessions were afterwards made fromday to day until there were about 250 in attendance. It was boastedby the Crescent that the faculty of the university was undoubtedlythe ablest in the state. It was stated that if the finances of the insti-tution could be made sufficient, the growth would be still greater.
From the report of the state superintendent of 1855 it islearned that there were in Outagamie county 23 school districts andfive partial districts reported in 1854. There were reported by theclerk a total of 1,245 students between the ages of four and twentyyears. The number between those ages attending county schoolswas 871. This was considered a large percentage for a backwoodscounty. The average wages paid male teachers was $19.81; femaleteachers, $10.94. The amount of money received for school pur-poses was $2,121.95. There was expended for wages of teachers,$1,432.87; value of school houses, $2,710. The amount appropriatedin 1853 was $410.85; in 1854, $702. It was realized that this report
542 HISTOtY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
was not as full an account as it might be, and therefore only approxi-mately correct. At this date the number of students attending theuniversity was over 300.
At the election for officers of the Second Ward school district inSeptember, 1855, John F. Johnston was chosen director, WinfieldScott clerk, and Perry HI. Smith treasurer. The district finances werein excellent condition. A special tax was voted to pay teachers, andschool the coming year was to be taught ten months, five monthsby a male teacher with a female assistant, and five months by twofemale teachers. The sum of $30 was allowed for contingent ex-penses. Two Webster's unabridged dictionaries were ordered boughtfor $80. The school children in this district numbered 226. Thelegislature authorized the school districts of Appleton and vicinityto unite with District 6 in the erection of a large scho,ol house andthe establishment of a union school.
In May, 1856, J. S. Prescott and Rev. W. H. Sampson wereengaged in a spirited controversy in the columns of the NorthwesternChristian Advocate concerning the business methods of the LawrenceUniversity!` In their discussion these reverend gentlemen used ex-tremely plain language. The Crescent said: "As both are ultra-abo-litionists, the public will feel relieved. Such abolitionists must beforever quarrelling about something, so it is better for the people ofthe community that they should amuse the crowd by nlllaking mouthsat each other."
The Second ward school house was. commlenced in the fall, wassoon completed two stories high, was built of brick and cost $3,000.A tax of $2,000 was previously voted for its construction. In thefall the school officials of the First ward of Appleton were as follows:Director, Joseph Stowe; treasurer, R. R. Bateman; clerk, J. M. Steb-bins Second ward: Director, T. M. McCaughey; treasurer, P.White; clerk, Anson Ballard. In October, M. L. Martin and EdgarConklin of Green Bay, and Anson Ballard, Edward West and A. B.Jackson of Appleto3, were elected trustees of Lawrence University.The election of these mene meant that new efforts would be made toplace the university on a. better financial basis. Late in 1856, whatwas called the "Cling neighborhood," in Appleton, made prepara-tions to build a new school house for their own use. They previouslyoccupied a poor structure which did good service, but which wasnow out of date and a better one was demanded.
In December, it was announced that Outagamie county con-tained twenty-five schools, with several more il process of erection."This speaks well for a county only six years old." In February.1857, the First ward school house, a building which cost about $600but was worth much less, took fire and burned to the ground duringthe night. It was an unsightly edifice and a. blot on a beautiful partof the village, and its destruction was not seriously regretted. Earlythis year the authorities of Lawrence University made preparationsto erect a new building adjacent the college, to be used by thefemales in attendance. It was announced that $25,000 would haveto be raised by subscription. The previous building occupied by the
ladies had recently been destroyed by fire. After the destruction ofthe first building the young ladies recited in the main building,while rooms for them were secured in adjacent residences. The newbuilding was known as the preparatory department building. Luck-ily, when the building burned, all the young ladies who had roomstherein were at church and therefore no lives were lost. The build-ing, except its stone basement, was of wood. The students lost about$700 worth of clothing, goods, etc. "The real estate owned by Law-rence University was exempt from general taxation. In the spring of1857 the trustees of the university platted and recorded an academyblock in the Second ward and sold several lots. A portion of theblock was reserved for university purposes. The Normal Institutewas located thereon, but this block was not reserved. It was dulytaxed, whereupon the county board, in order to free the university,appropriated a sufficient amount to pay the tax on the property.
Late in July, the citizens of Appleton proposed to raise a. sub-scription of $10,000 with which to endow a chair of civil engineeringin Lawrence University. At the first meeting they subscribed over$3,000. Other new chairs were to be endowed and the Methodiststhroughout Wisconsin were expected to raise the necessary funds.
About the middle of August, the Second ward school house,the bank building, and the county office building, all large brickstructures, were nearly completed. In addition, large buildingswere in process of construction by Adkins, Parrish, Blood, Carhart,Phinney and others. It was proposed to open Bingham & MTcillan'slarge stone quarry during the winter of 1857-8. Builders w\ere wait-ing this event because they needed the stone.
There was complaint over the condition of the school territorywithin the corporate limits. Neglect to appoint a. city superintendenthad ruled, and the separation of the city from the town left pa'rtsof school districts lying in both sections. A re-organization of thecity school districts was demanded. There was too much.politics in:school affairs, it was declared. The Crescent stated that political trick-sters were handling the city school affairs much to their own profitand advantage. The following were the school directors of Appletonin 1857: First ward: Director, Isaac Beidlerrma:; clerk, T .. Hudd:treasurer, Wait Cross. Second ward: Director, T. M. MIcCo.uglhey;,clerk, Anson Ballard; treasurer, Peter White. Third ward: I)irector,L. L. Hulce; clerk, John Bonner; treasurer, George Rlor-k.
It was stated in April, 1858, that schools and school houses werethen to be found in every neighborhood in Outagamie county. Evenin neighborhoods where the settlement was almost wholly of foreigll-ers, schools had been started and usually school houses had beenbuilt. In the spring of 1859 the new school library law was'.-I put inoperation in this county. The various towns made little effort toraise money to purchase books that should serve as a start for thelibrary. At this date Lyman C. Draper was state superintendentof schools. Miss H. A. Carroll opened a select school in the Firstward in a building situated at the corner of Washington and Unionstreets. The term was advertised to be twelve weeks in length, and
the tuition $3 per term. This school was for small children. Itwas started to supply the want of a building which had been destroyedby fire. The First ward was at this time without a schoolhouse andMiss Carroll undertook to supply the want by starting a select school.Work on the Second ward schoolhouse in 1859 languished and aspecial meeting was called to adopt measures to finish the building;the increased attendance demanded the completion of the structure.
During the summer of 1859 the ward schools held extra termsof fourteen weeks and 121 scholars were enrolled. Two facts werebrought out at this time, viz.: that the parents showed greater inter-est in the schools than ever before and ,ma.ny of the scholars attendedconstantly during the term.
In July Prof. R. Z. Mason was chosen acting president ofLawrence University by -the board *of that institution. GovernorRandall was president of the board of trustees at that time. Asidefrom the lack of cash capital the university was in better condition atthis date than ever before. It had a better faculty and a bettercurriculum than at any previous time in its history.
In July it was intimated that Appleton should have a highschool. It was suggested that the different wards should unite in aunion system with graded schools in order that the city could organizefrom all a high school for advanced pupils. About the middle ofNovember the second story of the Second ward schoolhouse was com-pleted. This building was now pronounced one of the best schoolstructures in the state. The building was used during the winter of1859-60 for a high school; one of the first in this portion of the state.
A teachers' institute was held in Appleton commencing October10, 1859, and was continued for one week. The meetings were heldin the College chapel. Various educational questions were discussedand the professors of the university every day gave addresses to theassembled teachers. The institute, though the first, was pronounceda success.- Each day a different chairman presided, Professor Powersbeing the first. J. J. Fuller served as secretary for all the meetings.A. J. Craig of Palmyra lectured on "Our Common School System."C. H. Allen spoke on the subject of common schools. Messrs. Loomis.Davies and Seaman were a committee to select question for publicdebate. At the second meeting topics in arithmetic were explained.Mr. Gaylord of the Oshkosh high school spoke on school government.This day a class in grammar was conducted by one of the professorsof the University. Professor Mason addressed the institute on schoolgovernment. On the second day Mr. Davies read an essay onteachers' institutes which was well received. Mr. Allen conducteda class in geography. The subject of spelling classes was discussedby the institute. Dr. Brainard, chancellor of the State Universityspoke on the subject of public instruction. Classes in mental andregular arithmetic were conducted on the third day. The subject ofEnglish composition was discussed on the third day. ProfessorPowers read one on the subject of emulation. Other subjects dis-cussed were merit and demerit, responsibility of teachers, teaching
grammar, etc. The exercises were interesting and instructive, and atits close the first institute was pronounced a success.
'Our Second ward school will bear comparison with that of anycity in this famous state of schools. The First ward is erecting ahandsome and spacious edifice. The Third ward will soon followthis elaborate example; then Appleton means to challenge allWisconsin to excel her in educational facilities.'-Motor, July1860.)
Early in August, 1860, Mrs. Burt opened the second term of'her select school in Appleton. B. 1K. Seaman was superintendentof the First ward public school. He was a graduate of the NewYork State Normal School. The Second ward public school was:superintended by Prof. J. F. Fuller, who had been previously at thehead of similar institutions elsewhere. By September the new Firstward schoolhouse was nearly completed. It was about 30 by 40 feetin the clear inside and was capped with a steeple. It was built witha large basement to be used if necessary for furnaces and ultimatelyfor heating with hot air. The cost of the building completed wasestimated 'at $2,000. Bates and Williamson were the builders. Thisinsignificant building was regarded as an imposing structure in thosedays.
In the First ward school district in the fall of 1860 a tax of$1,200 was voted for the ensuing year; of this amount $200 was to,be used to furnish seats or desks for the new building. It wasdetermined to hold schools nine months during the year. An inter-mediate department was added at this time. The new house wasone of the handsomest in this portion of the state. The children ofthis district numbered about 250; in the Second ward school district atax of $700 !was voted in 1860; of this sum $400 was required forteachers' wages. It was announced that school would be kept tenmonths. There were primary, intermediate and grammar depart-ments. The number of school children in this district was 535.
In the First ward school in December, 1860, the higher depart-ment had 47 scholars and the primary 68. The latter was under thesupervision of Watson Seaman, a young man of Appleton.
In March, 1861, Dr. Edward Cooke, who had so long served aspresident of Lawrence University and who had greatly endearedhimself to the students and the citizens, resigned the presidency inorder to take up arduous duties in another field connected with theMethodist church. Resolutions deploring his departure were passedby the students and by the citizens in several meetings. At theAugust session of the board of trustees of Lawrence University,Professor Mason was unanimously re-elected president. This actionmet with the approval of the students and citizens.
"General Appleton Dead.-This distinguished citizen died onthe 5th inst. He had been considered one of the most liberal wealthymen of the country. He gave $10,000 to establish the library ofLawrence University, in consideration of which this' place was namedAppleton. His death will be mourned by many throughout thecountry."- (Crescent, June 8, 1861.)
.546 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
In the spring and summer of 1863 the students of the universityformed bodies and made great improvements in beautifying thegrounds. They set out trees, cleared away the rubbish and leveleddown the ridges. It was not generally known to the people that inOutagamie county there were large tracts of forfeited school landswhich could be secured by settlers on very easy terms. These landscomprised many of the best tracts for farming purposes in the county.As soon as it became generally kniown there was a great rush to securethis valuable property.
In November, 1862, Mr. Gerrits, county superintendent ofschools, furnished the following statistics: Outagamie county wasdivided into 64 school districts and 6 parts of districts; it had 20log schoolhouses, 37 frame schoolhouses and one brick schoolhouse.The lowest valuation of any one of the buildings was $10, thehighest (in Appleton) was $5,500; the total valuation 'of all school-houses in the county was $19,313. The number of school childrenover four and under twenty years -of age was 3,982. Appletonreported 953 children, Bovina 110, Buchanan 137, Center 174, Dale235, Ellington 273, Freedom 313, Grand Chute 396, Greenville 494,Hortonia 318, Kaukauna 367, Liberty 54, Maple Creek 107, Osborn31. There was an average of about 57 school children to each schooldistrict. The average monthly wages paid to male teachers was$22.88, to female teachers $13.63. The amount received for teachers',wages was $4,885. The amount received fdr erecting schoolhouseswas $1,877. There were 13 schoolhouses without blackboards and40 without outline maps. The district school libraries numbered282 volumes, of which 187 were loaned out during the year. Thesuperintendent reported that although many of the teachers hadresigned and gone to the army their places had been filled withoutserious injury to the schools. He stated that school boards wereco-operating with him in securing better conditions and facilities.
Persons licensed to teach in Outaganie County in 1862:Hortonia--John D. Axtell, A. F. Tucker, J. D. Van Vleck,
John Ross, R. W. Logan, Miss C. A. Sperry, Miss M. F. Waterman,Miss Rosanna Jack, Miss O. M. Whitman, Miss Julia Kelsey, MissMcMurdo and Miss Sarah E. Clark.
Maple Creek-H. S. Lyon, Miss Margaret Stewart, Miss MaryJ. Spence and Miss Jane Houston.
Stephensville-S. L. Main,'A. G. Ware, Miss J. A. Barclay, MissKate-' Hammond, Miss Alestia Gurney, Miss Ellen Kethroe, MissE. H. Ware and Miss Melissa L. Hoskins.
Grand Chute-Clarence A. Heath, Miss Flora A. Broggins, MissCelia L. Earle, Miss' Effie L. Robinson, Miss L. M. Scarboro andMiss A. 0. Lanphear.
Freedom-Miss E. E. Wolcott, Miss Josie B. Marston and MissPermelia J. Fashway.
Little Chute-John Jannsen and Mr. Smith.Appleton-J. F. Fuller, B. K. Seamani, R. W. Seaman, Milo
Bloomer, J. L. Bloomer and Misses M. A. Pratt, L. A. Sanborn.A. B. Sherwood, A. E. Aiken, E. L. and H. A. Bates, A. E. Talcott,
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE C(OUNTY 547
N. M. Phelps, Hattie and Helen Merriman, Carrie White, H. C. andEmily Beach, N. A. Gilbert, M. S. Galpin, E. S. Lanphear andE. L. McNeill.
Five of the persons secured their educations in the Second wardschool, Appleton, under the instruction of J. F. Fuller.
Early in 1864 Superintendent Driscoll visited every schooldistrict throughout the county and endeavored to secure a uniformityin methods and classification. In this he was assisted by the teachers.
Late in March the county superintendent made a full report.on the condition of the schools in the county. He stated that therewas a total of 68 schoolhouses attended by 2,994 pupils during 1863.In the 68 schoolhouses 47 schools were taught by female teachersduring the past winter with a success equal if not superior to thosetaught by men. He regarded as unjust that such wom'en should bepaid less than men for the same services. He spoke particularly ofthe excellence of the.schools taught by Messrs. Cooke and Boggins,and by Miss Whitman, Miss Blaizdell of Hortonville, Miss Scarboroand Miss Lanphear of Grand Chute, and Miss Webb of Appleton.He pronounced these schools excellent. He said that the greatesthindrances to the advancement of the schools of the county were,first, a multiplicity -of textbooks; second, ill-furnished and incommo-dious schoolhouses; third, the frequent change of teachers; fourth,the irregularity of attendance; fifth, neglect of visitation, and sixth,multiplicity of -cheap teachers-those who taught for the money andcared little or nothing for the advancement of the pupils.
In July this county contained 4,220 school children betweenthe ages of 4 and 20 years. It was noted at this time that there wasa preponderance of young women over young men, and it waspresumed that this was caused by the enlistment of so many youngmen in the army.
The county superintendent in August announced that therewould be held a teachers' institute in this county during the fall inorder to give teachers an opportunity of improving themselves forthe winter schools. All were requested to attend in order to fitthemselves more fully for their duties as instructors. The countyboard at the August session passed a resolution recommending theact passed August, 1863, in relation to the city's being exempt fromthe county under the county school superintendent system.
The teachers of the county assembled in September and wereexamined and drilled by Col. J. G. McMinn, agent of the StateNormal school board. The exercises proved efficient and instructing.The session continued for one week and all the better teachers ofthe county were present. Lectures on educational subjects by promi-nent educators were delivered in the college chapel to the assembledteachers.
The county superintendent in his report in October, 1864, statedthat he believed no county in the state could boast of a corps ofteachers that gave such universal satisfaction during the past seasonas the teachers in this county. The schools were largely conductedby females owing to the fact that the young men in the county had
548 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
mostly enlisted in the army. He spoke particularly of Miss O. M.Whitman of Iortonville, and stated that she had worked a completerevolution in the schools of that village. He also named Miss 0. A.'Lanphear, Miss M. Phelps, Miss C. Calhoun, Miss Tichnor and MissWeed of Appleton; also Miss L. Scarbourgh, Miss Barns and MissMI. Pearson of Grand Chute. All of these teachers he recommendedhighly and said their schools were far above the average. Hereported that there were very few school libraries in the county, andcomplained about the irregularity of attendance and the attempts toteach sectarianism in the schools. He stated that the latter questionwas a delicate one, but that sooner or later he believed all religiousinstruction would have to be excluded from the public schools.
A special meeting of the board of education called by J. F.Fuller, city superintendent of Appleton, was held in the councilchamber April 24, 1865. The meeting was called for the purposeof adopting uniform textbooks to be used in the public schools. Afterdeliberation the following list was agreed upon: Wilson's readersto the fourth reader, Robinson's arithmetics, Monteith and MicNally'sgeographies, Quackenboss's Five Lessons in Composition, Clark'sgrammar. At this and subsequent meetings it was determined tohold three terms of school each year in Appleton. Among the reso-lutions adopted were the following: "The morning exercises of eachdepartment shall commence with the reading of the scriptureswithout word of comment, and that exercise may be followed byrepeating the Lord's prayer and by appropriate singing."
In 1865 Miss 0. Lanphear was teacher in district No. 7, townof Grand Chute. She had taught a year and gave general satisfaction.Miss H. Johnson taught in district No. 5, same town. In the townof Buchanan, Miss Mary Phelps. taught in district No. 6. and MissClark in district No. 3.
County Superintendent C. Driscoll reported in April, 1865,that during the past winter he had visited every school except twoor three in the county, and found they surpassed'his most sanguinehopes. Parents took a deeper interest; teachers were better preparedand more efficient; children showed more interest and advancedwith greater.rapidity, and the petty quarrels of the neighborhoodsover school affairs had almost wholly subsided. The superintendentexpatiated on the efficiency of the teachers of the county. Whathe particularly noticed was the fact that they had a graded systemand a better classification of studies and had separated children ofdifferent ages and qualifications. He spoke particularly of theschools taught by C. Cooke in the town of Greenville, Philo Rootin the town of Dale, Miss Whitney in the village of Hortonville, theMisses Earle, L. Lanphear, Heath, Webb and Scarboro in the cityof Appleton. He complained that the school libraries were stillmissing and urged that they should be commenced in every districtat the earliest possible moment. He lamented that in two schoolssectarianism had spoiled the sessions during the winter. He statedthat the trouble was caused by the teacher introducing his or herown religious opinion in the schoolroom. He insisted that this was
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 549
beyond the province of a teacher and requested that such conductshould cease in the future.
A school for the education of the Catholics was opened in theThird ward of Appleton in September. They made immediate prep-arations at this time to build a schoolhouse near the church. Theattendance of this school within a few weeks reached over one hun-dred. At this time also the Catholics made preparations to doublethe capacity of their church by enlarging it. It was stated that notmore than one-half of the congregation could be accommodated withseats.
There was a great demand in November for school teachers whowere competent and who would remain permanently in the county.Too many school boards were obliged to import teachers whosecapacity were wholly unknown, or else to employ local men orwomen who had not received suitable training.
"Our opinion is unchanged as to the inexpediency of the Agri-cultural College scheme. We prefer to ask Congress for authorityto transfer the agricultural grant to the school fund. Farmers, likeother people, prefer to educate their sons at colleges of their owndenomination or location preferably. A state institution of the, kindwill not, from the very nature of things, prove a success, but cer-tainly will entail a yearly expense of twenty to thirty thousand dol-lars upon tax payers. It will be cheaper to support the dubiousfaculty out of the poor fund of their respective localities."-(Cres-cent, January 27, 1866.)
In the spring of 1866 J. F. Fuller, superintendent of the cityschools, reported 135 pupils enrolled in District No. 1 in Appleton,in District No. 2 there were 184, in District No. 3 there were 92, andin District No. 4 there were 36. The per cent of daily attendancewas very low, varying from 73 per cent to 87 per cent. The teachersin District No. 1, were'A. F. Cleveland and M. N. Hill; in DistrictNo. 2, Mrs. H. H. Bacon, L. M. Whittlesey and M. J. Walker; andin District No. 3, G. E. Stowe and A. B. Sherwood; and B. M. Stromin the 4th District. Later Miss E. J. Damon succeeded A. F. Cleve-land, and Miss J. E. Kinney succeeded Mr. G. E. Stowe.
The city superintendent of schools of Appleton issued a state-ment in June, showing that the number of scholars in attendanceduring the first term of the school year was 526; the second term,547, and the third term, 529; the percentage of attendance was only72 in the first and second terms and 85 in the third. The numberof visitors in the first term was 171; in the second term, 260, andin the third term, 640.
The annual school meetings were held in every ward of Apple-ton late in August. In the First ward the citizens voted $1,500 forwages, etc.; in the Second ward the citizens voted $1,650 for wagesand incidentals; in the Third ward they voted $960. This wardwas scored by the newspapers for not building a respectable brickschoolhouse costing from $6,000 to $8,000. In the Fourth ward thetax voted was $410; this was a small ward and needed no largeamount.
550 I-ISTORY O OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
In the fall of 1866, John Stephens, county superintendent, tookdefinite steps to improve the condition of the schoolhouses of thecounty. Many seats were too narrow; others had no backs, and hedemanded improvement in these respects. He insisted that deskssuitable to write upon should be procured for each schoolhouse inthe county. He stated that they could be so arrang6d that the frontof one desk would serve as the back of another. He noted that notone in five of the children who attended the summer schools wasadvanced beyond reading, spelling and mental arithmetic. He askedthat better teachers and severer drill should be provided for the sum-mer schools. He suggested many improvements in the methods ofteaching and recommended a general increase of wages paid toteachers. IHe further stated that it was his desire to improve thequalifications of teachers generally in the county. He announced ateachers' Normal Institute to be held in Appleton in October. Atthis time he also published his dates to appear in different parts ofthe county for the purpose of examining teachers.
In the fall the teachers in Appleton were: S. J. Damon, M. A.Borroughs, H. H. Bacon, L. M. Whittlesey, M. J. Walker, J. E.Kenney, A. R. Green and Elizabeth Walker. The number ofscholars in attendance in all the four wards of the city was 451, andthe per cent of attendance varied from 70 to 90. During the term375 visitors saw the.schools in operation.
At a special meeting of the citizens of the Third ward of Apple-ton in September, they voted almost unanimously to build a brickschoolhouse to cost about $6,500. They appointed a committee toselect a new and ample location for the new house. James Gillmore,S. M. Barker and Alexander Ross were this committee. Their ap-pointment, it was said, meant the success'of the undertaking.
The county superintendent, Mr. Stephens, 'was charged withbeing too strict and exacting; had spoken ill of many good teachers;had unjustly charged others with incompetency, etc. These chargeshad become quite general. A card was published in the Crescentand Post signed by twenty-eight of the best teachers in the county,denying the charges and speaking highly of his services as super-intendent. They said among other things, "We have seen him athis institutes laboring from morning till evening and during theevening, sick or well, from day to day and week to week, his wholesoul absorbed in the improvement of the members and after havinggiven two months of his time for our good' and the good of theschools, receiving nothing in the way of compensation, not even beingwilling that he should make public our thanks for his service. Hehas introduced improvements into the schools of this county which,when they shall have been fully carried into effect by the teachers,will double the efficiency of teachers-improvements which we be-lieve would not have been introduced by any other superintendent.He has clothed the noble profession of teaching with a dignity andimportance far greater than it had appeared to us before to possess,and if there is anything good in our teaching he is entitled to muchof the credit for it. After having done all this with but a meager,
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 551
nay, niggardly salary, it pains us to hear him charged with a designto speculate on the school books of the county."
It was noted in March, 1867, that the Second ward schoolhousein Appleton was filled to overflowing with children and that aseparate building for the primary department was imperativelyneeded. The assessed valuation of the property in the ward wasabout $300,000, equivalent to a real valuation of $900,000. Therewas thus no reason why the ward should not have, if necessary, aschoolhouse costing $15,000. Talk of a high school was indulgedin at this date. Many believed it should be started immediately.There was some talk of using the old Second ward schoolhouse tem-porarily for a high school.
The Teachers' Institute held at Kaukauna under the supervisionof County Superintendent Stephens ended its session early in April,1867. The examination of teachers commenced on the 4th and con-tinued until the 6th. The session was an excellent one, there beingmany teachers in attendance and every day the exercises were in-teresting and instructive. The teachers were aware of the fact thatin many of the common schools the method of instruction failed toawaken properly the minds of the pupils and that they cared tittlewhether they attended or not. Mr. Stephens was given great creditfor arousing these dormant conditions of the mind through hismethods of instruction shown teachers at the institute.
In July, 1867, Prof. H. A. Jones was elected city superintendentfor the ensuing year over J. F. Fuller, incumbent. The Crescenturged the new superintendent to revise the blue laws which hadcrept into the, school rules of the city and to obliterate those whichperhaps violated the constitution and laws of the state. Evidentlythis was int6nded to apply to colored children who were sent to thepublic schools. The teachers in Appleton in June, 1867, were-M. Richardson, M. Burrows, H. H. Bacon, L. M. Whittlesey, M. J.Walker, C. Bailey, A. R. Green, E. A. Fitch. The total attendanue,at the spring term was 543; the average daily attendance was 79;per cent; total number of visitors was 444. Four departments; were)greatly reduced in attendance owing to the prevalence of a Wco-tagious disease.
In 1867 the citizens of Appleton taxed tllemselves for the sup-port of public schools in the sum of $10,885.81. This expendituredid not include the amount received from the state. Still rmany'children, it was noted, did not attend school at all. It was suggested!that a law compelling parents to send their children to school wouldibe a good move in Appleton. The legislature passed an act requiringall district school boards to secure a series of school books on or be--fore the first of June, which books should not be changed for three?years. The act also prohibited the county superintendent from offi-ciating as school book agent or peddler.
The Outagamie County Teachers' Associationi met at the schoolhouse in Hortonville in December at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. Theproceedings began with an address by the president, Lynan J.Nash, followed by an essay by Miss A. A. Stevens. Then came a dis-
552 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
cussion on various educational topics, followed by more addresses,essays and general discussions. John Stephens was chairman of theexecutive committee and J. Hicks, secretary.
The Teachers' Association which met at Hortonville late inJanuary. 1868, was attended by the usual large number. The prin-lcilpal question discussed was that of corporal punishment. Thosewho took part in the debate were Messrs. Hardaker, Logan, McStayand Gardener. An essay was read by Miss E. A. Stevens In theafternoon T. H. Earle addressed the teachers and was followed byMiss Addclie Works with an essay. A. general discussion followed inregard to suggested school subjects.
The Teachers' Institute of the county was held at the courthouse•at Appleton in October, 1868. The meeting was called to order byISuperintendent Brothers, a.nd officers were elected as follows: Prof.J. M. Phinney, conductor of exercises; J. M. Stephens, secretary;J. P. Waldron, treasurer. One of the first questions discussed was:."Should physical culture be introduced in our schools?" This leadtto a spirited debate. The next day, "Should Rewards and Prizes be
.Given for the Best Scholarship?" was discussed by six or eight of. theteachers present. During the forenoon of the first day Mr. Buchananof the Appleton Post entertained the speakers with an instructivespeech, for which he received their thanks. Professor Jones of theLawrence University gave a profound talk on the elementary founda-tions of the English language. Later, exercises in reading, vocalilmusie, spelling, etc., were conducted. Another question discussedwas: "'S'hould Corporal Punishment be Used in Our Public Schools?"'This created a lively debate. Another question was: "How can
TWhispering Be Abolished in Our Schools?" Another was, "WhatIs the Best Method of Teaching History, Arithmetic, Grammer, Etc.,In the Common Schools?" The question, "Should Public Exhibi--ions Be Introduced In Our Common Schools," showed a difference,of opinion among those present. The Institue was addressed by Dr.-R. Z. Mason and Dr. J. M. Steele. "The Good of Our Schools," wasthe subject of an essay. This proved to be one of the most interestingsessions of the institute ever held in the county. There was a large.attendance and great good was accomplished.
During the early fall there was considerable discussion in Outa-gamie county concerning the schoolbooks used throughout thecounty. It was noted that many outrageous swindles concerningschoolbooks had been perpetrated upon a confiding public and aninvestigation, it was believed, would result in sending a number ofthe swindlers to the penitentiary. The prices were altogether toohigh, and it was alleged that school officers perhaps were interestedin the sale of some particular book. A reform in this regard wasdemanded.
The teachers in Appleton in the winter of 1868-9 were: M. Rich-ardson, M. Burroughs, Mirs. H. H. Bacon, ,M. E. Rork, E. Walker,N. J. Walker, C. N. Bailey, E. Preston, F. A. Bailev and 0. W.Pond. The entire number of scholars enrolled in the city was 1,723;the. average per cent of attendance was 79; number of visitors 373.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 553
The school tax in the city of Appleton in 1866 was $6,123. In 1867it was $9,111. In 1868 it was $4,783. It turned out that the levyfor 1868 was too small by $3,895, which shortage was made up bythe tax of 1869.
The act of March 11, 1869, consolidated all the school districtsand parts of districts of the city of Appleton into one district andthe directors of the several districts were lmade members of the board'of education until April, 1870, when one school commissioner foreach ward and a city superintendent for the whole city was to beelected. This act made full and ample provision for the new orderof school affairs. The commissioners and the superintendent werestyled the "board of education" and were constituted a corporatebody. By this act Appleton was exempted from the provisions of theact creating the office of counfty superintendent of common schoolsapproved April 6, 1861.
In 1869 an act in relation to the co-mmon schools of Appletonpassed in 1869 was repealed anld sub-chapter 10 entitled "publicschool system" was revived anld re-enacted. All state and countyschool moneys belonging to the common schools of Appleton on handwas ordered apportioned to the various city school districts; also allmoneys raised by taxation for 1869 and 1870 yet unexpended wasordered paid to the several school districts of the city in proportionto the taxable property of each. The several school districts were-reorganized as they were before the repeal.
In January, 1869, the school children in the Second ward num-bered about 800, and had greatly outgrown the capacity of the build-ings then standing. There were two schoolhouses, but both werefull to overflowing. The ward was growing rapidly and it was real-ized that in less than.a year it would contain more than 1,000 chil-dren. Plans for a new building were prepared at once. It wasthought that a building to cost at least $2,500 was required to meetpresent needs and provide for future growth.
In the fall the teachers of Appleton were as follows: Mr. Fuller,superintendent; Miss M. Richardson, assistant; Miss M. F. Jones,Miss E. Preston, P. D. Bullock, Misses C. A. Mason. C. Bailey,H. Spencer, F. Bailey, M. Burrows, Mrs. M. P. Whitford, Mr. 0. W.Palm. The salaries of the teachers were as follows; Assistant in granm-mar, $500 per year; first department in ward schools, $450; secondand third grade teachers in ward schools, $400. The superintendent'soffice was in the Central block second floor.
In September a county school picnic held on the border betweenGreenville and Hortonia, was attended by over 800 children. Perrotsbeautiful grove was filled with the children. There was an immenseattendance of adults and all enjoyed a. splendid feast in the deepwoods.
The following statistics was prepared by the school authoritiesof Appleton in September, 1869: Total number of residences incity, 748; total number of families residing in 'the city, 811; totallnumbler children between ages 4 and 20, 1,526: total population,4.093.
554 HISITORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
The county superintendent reported late in February, 1870,that all the schools of the county during the previous year. as a whole,made noble progress. They were in charge of energetic and compe-tent teachers, many of whom strove to keep a high standard andsucceeded. But the work of development and classification was nec-essary to be continued. Many new buildings and many old onesimproved, appeared during the year. Numerous schools were sup-plied with maps, charts and globes. The superintendent reportedthat he visited all the schools in the county once, and all but fourtwice, during the year, and was pleased as a whole with their progressand condition. J. F. Fuller, city superintendent of Appleton, re-ported tt r al an a n that radical changes ade i the Appleton schools. During1869 the district lines were obliterated a.nd one district now includedthe whole city, and was under the direct management of a board ofcommissioners elected by wards at the same time and in the samemanner as other officers. There were four grades: Grammar, first,second and third. When circumsta.nces should warrant, higher-grades and lower grades would be instituted. The aim of the sys-tem wTas to inculcate in the child a love for school duties and attend--ance, and hence third grade was provided for very small children.In the grammar department were three grades: First, second andthird. In addition there were two mixed schools that were not yetgraded. There was created a perfect uniformity as regards wages,terms, vacation, text-books, rules, government, etc. Twelve teacherswere employed in the city and the pupils enrolled numbered about800. In February, 1870, there were 83 school districts in the county.
'All but one of these made reports. There were in the county, be-tween the ages of 4 and 20 years, 6,899 children. Of that number2,251 did not attend school during the year, ninety-five teachers wereemployed. Male teachers were paid an average of $44 per month;females were paid an average of $28 per month. There were 87school houses in the county valued at $48,273. The amount ofschool money received for the county during the year was $36,660;the amount spent was $30,350. Two teachers had first grade certifi-cates; four, second grade; 39, third grade; and 83 teachers werefemales with third grade certificates.
Miss Mary Pratt conducted a private school'in the front room ofher residence and had about 30 scholars enrolled in December, 1870;the term was twelve weeks; tuition $3.
The Germans of Appleton in 1870 had a separate school in theirown language. The school being in debt a fair was held, to which600 tickets at 25 cents each were sold, for the purpose of clearingthe incumbrance. The fair was held at Bertschy hall and was a suc-cess, both socially and financially. Mr. Alexander addressed theaudience in German. Singing and supper were excellent. Theprizes were interesting.
The Appleton Collegiate Institute was incorporated in 1870 byDavid Smith, George I. Brewster, George C. Jones, James W. Hut-chinson, R. Z. Mason, W. H. Lanphear and Charles L. Fay. The
object was the education of the youth of both sexes. By fall it wasin full operation and popular.
In 1870 the state superintendent was authorized to apportionto the town of KIkakauna $72.85 to cover a deficiency.
"The opinion is gaining ground that the Appleton Public SchoolSystem is next to no system at all. In due time the bulk of thosewho oppose progress in school matters will see their error and wel-come a change for the better. The district system is too antiquatedand old foggish for an enterprising people to tolerate in any city."-(Crescent, November 19, 1870.)
In July, 1870, A. H. Conkey, a comparatively newcomer inAppleton, was appointed superintendent of city schools. He camehighly recommended and was a brother of the well-known and prom-inent Colonel Theodore Conkey. .In the summer Miss M. Burroughswas granted the right to open a select school in the building latelyknown as the Edgarton I-ouse. It was designed to be a select schoolduring vacation to supply the wants of those children who had beenunable to attend at other times during the year.
The German Catholic school of the Third ward was also incharge of two Catholic Sisters at this time. It was held in the base-ment of the church and about 90 scholars were in attendance. Eng-lish was taught one-half of the day and German the other half. 'Afree German school was taught in the Second ward. This was startedby those parents who insisted that their children should have a thor-ough training in the German language. Mr. Myer was the firstteacher; he taught both English and German.
The County Teachers' Institute was held in the courthouse at'Appleton in April, 1871, there being present from all parts of thecounty seventy-seven teachers. Robert Graham of Kenosha, agentof the Board of Regents of Normal schools, was present to conductthe exercises. Classes in every branch taught in the county wereconducted by competent teachers. The Institute was addressed byGeneral Samuel Fallows, state superintendent; so did Professor Jonesof the University. Leading citizens of Appleton spoke to the teachers.County Superintendent Brothers was active and prominent. It wasone of the best sessions ever held in the county. A. IH. Conkey, citysuperintendent, was also active at this session.
The number of children between 4 and 20 years, August 31,1871, was as follows, by wards: First, 294; Second, 646; Third, 456;Fourth, 220; total 1,616; attached was district No. 11 with 30 more.The total increase over 1870 was eleven per cent.
In 1872 the old National Hotel property was purchased andprepared for the use of the Collegiate Institute. The city concludedto assist with $5,000 to remodel the building under certain provisos.A workshop and gymnasium were provided.
The Teachers Institute of the county met in the Third wardschoolhouse in September, 1873. The following officers were elected:A. H. Conkey, president; H. P. Tormey, vice-president; D. S. Catlin,secretary. Among those to take part, in addition to the'above wereMessrs. Smith Barker, Professor Graham, Dr. Land, Strong, Schmidt
and Misses Strong, Hosford, Bailey, Fitch. Rev. Mr. Tilton spokeon "The Theory and Practice of Teaching.' Numerous modelclasses in various branches were conducted and criticized.
"Citizens of Appleton.-Has not the time fully arrived for theestablishment of the Union or general city system of our publicschools? Must the old fogy district system continue to prevail justto please a professor or two in our University and a few of its bigotedfriends. We suggest to all intelligent thinkers who have the goodof the city at heart to sit down and examine the status of our publicsystem and then decide whether the time for a forward and progres-sive movement has not fully come."-(Crescent, June 21, 1873).The Appleton school children between the ages of 4 and 20 yearswere as follows at this time:
In June, 1875, all four wards were opposed to the proposedUnion school proposition. The First ward voted $2,250 for schoolpurposes; the Second voted $7,824; the Third $1,800 and the Fourth$1,400. In all the wards the school year was fixed at nine months.In the Second ward were the Amicus and Hercules schools, "TWepresume that nine-tenths of the opposition to the Union school sys-tem is in consequence of want of knowledge about its workings andbenefits."- (Crescent. )
Under the charter of 1876 the supervision of public instructionin Appleton was vested in the board of education consisting of themayor and the director and clerk of each school district- the citysuperintendent was ex-officio member of the board.
In 1876 the Second ward established a high school, the otherwards refusing to assist or join the movement. It was made a highschool district and thereafter received $500 annually from the state.
The following statistics are for the scholastic year endingJune 8, 1877:
No. Per Cent of No. No. Pro-DISTRICTS. Pupils. Attendance. Days. motions.
The enrollment of 1,525 was 194 over thalt of 1876. Superin-tendent Conkey reported that many of the departments were toocrowded and imperfectly graded thus crippling the efforts of theteachers and retarding the advancement of the pupils. Five yearsbefore this date the school board adopted a set of text-books for theuse of the public schools and the period now expired. The superin-tendent recommended that little change should be made in the books.At this date the separate departments numbered 25, with three orfour more to be added soon. "The question arises, have not ourpublic schools acquired sufficient importance as a public interest torequire the services of a. superintendent for at least one-la.lf of histime. Your rules require him to visit each department once amonth; besides he is called upon to take charge of and conduct thevarious examinations that occur in each department during the year,making an amount of labor which few men could efficiently accom-plish without giving at least half of his time."-(Report of Superin-tendent Conkey.) At this date the Third and Fifth wards corm-posed one school district; the schoolhouse in the Fifth ward was nowbeing finished; it was decided to borrow $1,000 from the state tocomplete this improvement. The Fourth ward made preparations to-build a new schoolhouse.
In March, 1877, there were enrolled in the Amicus school, Ap-pleton, a total of 162 scholars; in the Hercules school 302, and inthe High school 113; total enrollment in the Second ward 571. Inthe Hercules school were seven grades and in the Amicus, third,fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh grades. In the High school werethree classes and a commercial department. R. 1-. Schmidt, M. Burkand F. Bowman were the teachers in the High school.
In the spring of 1877 0. A. 'Curtis of Lawrence University wonthe state oratorical contest at the assembly hall, Madison. His themewas "Satan and Mephistopheles." Later he won the interstate con-test with a general average of 88 4-5 per cent. Upon his return herehe was-given a magnificent reception. A large procession was formedand was led by the mayor and followed by the fire department, aband, many citizens and the entire student body; the latter lightedbonfires, brought out the old cannon and made it speak often andin a loud voice; in fact, the students, figuratively speaking, upsetthe whole city.
F. W. Harriman, J. B. Murphy, W. P. Verity, George S.Thompson, Margaret L. McCormack, Delia E. Grimes, Lillie E.Turner, Eula Putnam, Emma Mory and Flora Randall were thefirst graduates of the high school in 1878; Professor Schmidt wasprincipal.
In 1878, in the Second ward, Hercules school, there were eightdepartments and an enrollment of 363. At the Amicus school werefour departments and an enrollment of 170. At the Germaniaschool were 2 departments and an enrollment of 106.
A committee appointed for the purpose, after investigation,recommended the following school books for Appleton, to be usedfor five years: Harvey's readers, White's arithmetics and Eclectic
558 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
geographies. The high school board also at this time adopted ned text-books,. Norton's philosophy, Brown's physiology, Andrews' consti-tution, Eclectic geography, Schuyler's algebra and geometry, Thal-heimer's history, White's register and Harvey's grammar.
In September, 1878, a school census showed the following con-dition of the schools of Appleton-children between four and twentyyears:
R. M. LaFollette won the Wisconsin state oratorical contest in1879. "His production was a remarkable analysis of the characterof Iago. It would have been remarkable under any circumstances-a credit to the ablest Shakespearean critic and especially notable toa young student. It showed unusual familiarity with Coleridge,Schlegel and other able commentators and a delicacy of analysisthat we look for only in maturity. The Madison Shakespeareanessayist, Judge Braley, should confiscate this young man."-Mil-waukee Sentinel, May, 1879.)
In 1879 the compulsory school law went into effect. TheFourth ward schoolhouse was burned to the ground in September;a new building was immediately planned to cost $5,000 and com-menced. President Steele having resigned from the presidency ofthe university, was given a parting banquet, at which mutual regardsand regrets were passed.
The new Catholic schoolhouse was designed to accommodateabout 600 pupils and was finished in December, 1880. It was dedi-cated November 7. Mrs. Jennie B. Dickinson opened a private schoolin the old National building in September, 1880; tuition $4; forsmall children.
The act of March 24, 1881, provided that all the territorywithin the corporate limits of Appleton and all territory whichmight thereafter become a part of the city should constitute one
HISTORY OF. OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 559
school district. Two school commissioners were to be chosen in eachward, each to hold office for two years, and together they constitutedthe board of education.
In 1881 a new schoolhouse to cost $10,000 was being erectedin District 1. Prof. M. J. Burk was principal. Seven departmentsor grades were taught here. In District No. 2 plans to build a newhouse to cost $19,000 were in hand and work was soon commenced.The First and Second wards were coextensive with Districts 1 and 2,but District 2 also embraced the Sixth ward. In this district wasthe high school under Prof. R. H. Schmidt, principal. The Thirdand Fourth wards were embraced in District 3; C. W. Greenfield wasprincipal. District 4 was coextensive with the Fourth ward; Prof.A. B. Whitman was principal. Each of the grammar schools hadseven grades. The high school principal had three assistants and ateacher of German. In 1881 Mrs. G. C. Jones, Miss Hutchinsonand other ladies petitioned the council to establish evening schools.At this time great efforts to change the district system to a unionsystem were made. The city had 2,946 children of school age.
The new Second ward schoolhouse was completed in April,1883. At that time it was undoubtedly one of the finest commonschool buildings in the state.
For the year ending 1883 J. A. Leith, county superintendent,reported as follows: Number of institutes held, one of two weeks;teachers enrolled, 108; three had first grade certificates; threehad second grade certificates; and 112 had third grade certificates;average wages of women teachers, $24; of men, $37.24; numberof schools, 117; number of schoolhouses in good condition, 83;number of schools with two departments, 5; total numberof children of school age, 8,735; money spent on schools,$33,806.75; Appleton was not included in these figures. At thistime Mr. Schmidt claimed to be city superintendent of schools, butthis was denied by the council. The office was declared vacant andfinally A. B. Whitman was elected.
The Third ward in 1884 planned a, schoolhouse to cost $20,000;the Third and Fifth wards comprised District 3. The city enroll-ment in 1884-5 was 3,726; in this number were 122 high schoolstudents. The County Teachers' Institute in 1884 was a fine success,there being in attendance 76 teachers; they assembled in Ryan highschool and listened to expert teachers and participated in valuableprofessional exercises. This institute continued to be held everyyear as required by the law of the state.
County Superintendent John W. Flanagan reported in No-,vember, 1885, that the number of school children in the county was9,594; number who attended school, 4,281; number of schoolhouses.116; visits by the superintendent, 178; days institute was held, 5:teachers enrolled at the institute, 104; applicants for examination.247; third grade certificates, 37; second grade certificates, 3; firstgrade certificates, 2; number certificates issued, 93; teachers' wages.$24,488.55; average wages, male teachers, $65.50; average wages.female teachers, $25.40. The schools were sadly deficient in a.p-
560 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
paratus; generally the schoolhouses were comfortable and well built;the old back-breaking and child-deforming benches were nearly allgone; as a whole the country schools were in good condition.
An industrial exhibition in the Ryan High school building bythe scholars was an interesting event in February, 1883--botanicalspecimens, penmanship, fancy work, carpentry, art work, models ofbuildings. Professor Stewart opened the exhibition and City Super-intendent Whitmean addressed the children. Judge Ryan and Rev.Mr. Faville spoke also.
In 1886 Miss Bell conducted a. kindergarten and had quite alarge attendance; her school was encouraged by the board of educa-tion. The city school population in 1886 was 4,070.
The report of county school superintendent in November, 1887,was notable in many respects, he said, "Let me say that I deem ourpublic schools in very poor condition, attributable to ignorance, in-difference, selfishness and hostility, and with regret I do admit thatunless there is a revival of interest or a general uprising of enthusiasmin behalf of our public school system, it will soon fall into generalcontempt." He showed that the former reports of this county to thestate superintendent were full of glaring errors. The number ofteachers required to supply the schools was 170, but in order tosecure that number out of the candidates, the standard per cent ofqualification was forced first down to 60, then to 50. Necessarilymany of the teachers secured were incompetent. The wages paid wereridiculously low; a number receiving only $16 per month, out ofwhich they were forced to pay their board. Superintendent Schmidtrecommended radical changes.
9,393, showing a loss of 66. The numbers attending for those yearswere 5,263 and 5,601, showing an increase of 338. There were 111districts. Kaukauna with two districts was withdrawn from thecounty system. There were required 120 teachers; 90 teachers heldthird grade certificates. It was necessary to issue limited certificatesto supply the schools with teachers; 34 of such were issued. Nearlyall had blackboards, maps and Webster's unabridged dictionaries.
Nearly 100 teachers organized an institute at Appleton in April,1890, at Ryan high school building. Prof. L. D. Henry and MissRose C. Schwartz of Oshkosh were the leaders. This was one of thebest sessions ever held.
In 1890 Appleton was asked to raise $9,000 for the Universityobservatory. Prof. O. H. Ecke succeeded Prof. Schmidt as principalof the high school. The library of the University had 11,896 volumesthis year. Prof. Underwood raised $17,274 for the University inseven weeks-all for the observatory; it was named in his honor. Aunion high school was urged at this date. The corner stone of theobservatory was laid in June, 1891; the addresses and ceremonywere notable. In December, 1891, the Third District determinedupon a high school which was immediately prepared. J. S. Ritchev.county superintendent, reported 8,244 children enrolled with an at-tendance of 5,321; 121 school rooms in the county were occupied;there were 112 school districts.
In 1892 there were two high schools-Second District and ThirdDistrict; the teachers numbered 51. Supt. I. N. Stewart recom-mended the establishment of a city high school. In July, Mrs. M. R.Winslow was elected city superintendent of schools.
Rev. Reeder Smith died in January, 1892; these pages showthe usefulness of his life. The Sixth ward planned a new school-house to cost $21,911. The teachers' institute was held in Ryan highschool. Dr. Samuel Plantz became president of Lawrence about thistime. The Sixth ward schoolhouse was dedicated in January, 1894;it was named Columbian and cost a total of $28,278. A commercialand an art industrial course were added to the high schools. A newschool district was established at combined locks. All the wards weregetting new schoolhouses about this time. Miss Carrie Morgan be-came city superintendent in July, 1904, vice Mrs. Winslow, re-signed. A new science hall for Lawrence was planned in 1895.
The field day contest at Lawrence university in 1893 was wit-nessed by a large assemblage; Lawrence won 61 points and Ripon55; Farley of Lawrence was the best runner and jumper.
In 1893 Appleton had 9 school buildings, 43 school rooms and8 recitation rooms. In the Second District a building to cost $28,000was going up. The teachers numbered 54-43 being women.
The Appleton Astronomical Society was the outgrowth of theerection here of the observatory. The observatory was found by Prof.Underwood to be in longitude 5 hours, 53 minutes and 35.865seconds west of Greenwich. It was found that Appleton time was 6minutes and 24.135 seconds faster than Central Standard time. The
latitude of the observatory was found to be 44 degrees, 17 minutesand 24.26 seconds north.
The old schoolhouse in the Fifth ward, built with so muchpride in 1876, was burned down in October, 1895-loss about$7,000; insurance $4,500. The Southwestern Teachers' Associationmet at Hortonville in November, 1895, there being present about ascore of teachers. Lydia A. Leppla was secretary. A full programof exercises was carried out.
The adverse attitude of the Catholic church toward the Americanpublic school system was considered by this, community in the sum-mer of 1893. This attitude was revealed by the address of Mgr.Satolli delivered in December, 1892, and by subsequent addresses ofthe various Catholic archbishops and bishops including BishopMessmer. Their views were promptly combatted by the Protestantsand by the friends of the American school system.
"These schools of Freedom and Little Chute are not independentof the Catholic church and are taught by nuns. Still these districtsdesired to have a share of the state school fund. To enable these dis-tricts to draw this money for the support of their schools and to givethe whole scheme a legal aspect, in the reports of the state superin-tendent, some of the former county superintendents have underprivate examination granted certificates to nuns of the churches atFreedom and Little Chute. Thus equipped the nuns were legallyqualified to teach in the common schools of the county; the schoolsof Freedom and Little Chute were taught by legally qualifiedteachers. There arose much dissatisfaction. For nine years in Free-dom the pretended public school of that district was conducted bythe nuns in the parochial school building of the Catholic church;at present there are three nuns teaching in that school; the publicschoolhouse there was dilapidated and deserted. In the nuns' schoolthey performed religious ceremonies and gave religious instruction;they then took up their studies and lessons. Prayers were offeredand on the walls were pictures significant of the Catholic religion. Isaw vases of holy water of which the children made use before leav-ing the school. This cannot be called a public school. At LittleChute the state of affairs is similar. It is a private and not a publicschool. The district clerk of that school has acknowledged that factbefore me in my office. There are two nuns employed in this school.Many o'f the Catholic families in the surrounding districts nearFreedom and Little. Chute prefer to send their children to theseparochial schools and hence the children are sent from a great dis-tance instead of to the public school near home where they belong."-(G. D. Ziegler, county superintendent, Post, November 7, 1895.)In October the county superintendent revoked the certificates of theCatholic Sisters who had been teaching in the public schools ofFreedom and Little Chute. He did this on no other ground thanthat the schools taught by the nuns were really private schools.These schools though really private had used public school moneyfor many years, so it was contended by the Post, ,uperintendent andmany citizens.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 563
"These schools were organized as non-sectarian district schoolsand are a part of our common school system and till this presumptionthat they are non-sectarian public schools has been overcome by a pre-ponderance of evidence in a court of justice they must be treated asnon-sectarian public schools. This rule of law may be harsh, but itis the best known. * * * It will require more than the candidstatement of an interested law breaker to overcome this presumption,until this question is presented by the proper parties in the properplace how can the question with us be whether these schools are secta-rian or not. We have the facts on but one side of the case and thosecame from one who is a confessed lawbreaker in this matter. The merefact that these sisters are still teaching in these schools and that theseschool districts will continue to receive state aid until it shall beproved by a preponderance of evidence in a court of justice that theyare sectarian, is proof positive that our superintendent acted outsidethe letter and the spirit of the law and that the issue of sectarianismhas not been joined. * * * Beyond the shadow of a doubt theissue now is: Had Mr. Ziegler the legal right to annul those sisterscertificates?"-(Thomas H. Ryan in Post, November 14, 1895.)
"We regard the action of the superintendent as only important infocusing public attention upon an abuse of our state school systemwhich has 'existed in two districts of this county for a half score ofyears more or less. The manifest purpose of the superintendent isto correct that abuse. The abuse mentioned is that our public edu-cational system has been perverted in the interests of sectarianism atLittle Chute and Freedom. In the latter town the public schoolbuildings have been abandoned and the money derived from thedistrict and the state has been used in the maintenance of an out-and-out parochial school. Indeed, we are informed that the title of thebuilding for school purposes used is even vested in the Catholicchurch. * * * If Mr. Ziegler was wrong and the Post waswrong in the 'plan of campaign' adopted, neither should be abovechanging it. The only point if importance is the correction of theabuse of our public educational systems." (Post, November 14, 1895.)
Mr. Ziegler restored the certificates to the nuns and told theschool officers of those districts to banish all sectarianism from thoseschools. The district board of Little Chute promptly excluded allreligious instruction from its schools, but the objections in otherlocalities had not been removed by February, 1896.
The law of 1895 provided for an assessment of $1 on all appli-cants for teachers' certificates in any county, the money to be usedfor county institute work. With this fund Superintendent Zieglerplanned in 1896 to hold four one-day institutes in different timesand places in the county. One was held at Seymour, February 20,1897, conducted by S. Y. Gillan and J. E. Riordan, and a lecturewas delivered by William H. Smith.
People of Appleton could scarcely realize the wonderful growthof the city schoolls in 1897. Late in the seventies the Herculesbuilding was the best and costliest, but in 1897 was sold for $265to make room for the new Lincoln. When the Hercules was built
564 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
there were three other fair buildings. Now in 1897 there were sixcosting fronm $25,000 to $35,000 each. The attendance, system,progress and equipment were equally as wonderful.
Daniel Huntley died in 1897. He came to Appleton in thespring of 1850. He taught one of the first public schools in the city.He was well educated, prominent, high-minded and useful. TheGood Citizenship League considered the union school system at thisdate. The new schoolhouse to be called Lincoln and to take theplace of the old Hercules building. Stephenson science hall wasprojected. By the middle of January, 1898, the subscriptions toStephenson's hall amounted to $20,000; there was yet needed$10,000.
The new Lincoln schoolhouse was dedicated in December, 1897,with much ceremony. Addresses were made by Mayor Erb, PrincipalPringle, City Superintendent Miss Carrie Morgan, Rev. John McCoy,F. W. Harriman, secretary of the school board, and W. H. 'Chandler,state inspector of schools.
In 1898 the school children of the city numbered 5,134. Inthe First, Fourth and Sixth wards were four kindergartens with an,enrollment of 330. In private schools were 845 children betweenseven and thirteen years; there were 5 in school for the deaf.
Stephenson Hall of Science was dedicated in June, 1899. Prof.T. C. Chamberlain of Chicago University delivered the principaladdress. The building cost in round numbers $40,000. There wasyet needed $5,000 for equipment. A gymnasium was at oncetalked of.
In November, 1899, there were in the county 9,429 childrenbetween the ages of 4 and. 20 years, of whom 5,395 attended school.There were in the county 86 third grade teachers, 55 second gradeand 15 first; total, 156 teachers.
In January, 1900, the high schools of Appleton, Neenah andKankauna organized the Fox River Valley High School Association,consisting of four schools, and the object was to hold athletic contestson tracks exclusively.
In August, 1900, the County Teachers' Institute had an attend-ance on the first day of 76 and of nearly 100 for the session. It washeld in Ryan high school and continued three weeks. The conduc-tors were G. H. Landgraf and I-. E. Bolton. Miss Elizabeth Wilsonlectured.
In 1901 the compulsory school age was changed from 7-13 to7-14, but during the year 15 children attended no school. Theenrollment was 5,182, of whom 2,512 were males. The enrollmentin the kindergartens was 429, and that in the high schools was 248;average daily attendance, 1,962; school decoration was begun. Thenumber of books in the city school libraries was 6,591. A schoolfor the deaf was maintained with an enrollment of 7. Manualtraining was maintained in the high school. The city superintendentwas Miiss-,Carrie E. Morgan.
In December, 1901, pursuant to law, the board of libraries forOutaganie county organized and elected the following officers: W. F.Saecker, president; H. T. Buck, vice-president; Carrie E. Morgan,secretary. No appropriation was made by the board of supervisors,because it was expected that public spirited citizens would donate$50 libraries to the various towns and villages. Accordingly, Decem-ber 20, such-donations had been made to Black Creek, Shiocton,Stephensville, Maine, Hoxrtonville and Seymour. The library atShiocton was promptly increased to 100 volumes and that at Seymourto 250 volumes. The new board took steps to establish such a libraryin every town and village in the cohunty. Part were to be "travelinglibraries."
In 1902 Lawrence University officials purchased the old John-son House property,, then occupied by C. W. Jones, just west ofOrmsby hall; they also contracted for the Marsh property near.
School savings banks were talked of in 1900. There was atextbook fight about this time. The high school building at Seymourwas burned in 1903.
Nellie P. Whitford, after 45 years of continuous teaching inthis state and 35 years teaching in Appleton, died in March, 1904.She began teaching when she was fifteen years old.
In January, 1904, Ryan high school building was whollydestroyed by fire, the total loss being about $50,000. Everything inthe building was burned-textbooks, libraries, manual training appa-ratus, physical laboratory and all the late improvements. Immedi-ately steps to build an immense union high school were taken. Massmeetings were held and soon all the best citizens joined the move-ment. The plan was to establish a central high school and a unionschool system in place of the district system. The question wasfinally submitted to the electors.
By unanimous votes the taxpayers of the Second and Thirdschool districts decided to abolish their existing high schools, pro-viding the electors decided on the new system. This was a step pre-liminary to the vote in March to establish a Union high schoiol. Ahigh school building to cost $75,000 was planned before the election,so eager were the friends of the movement. The special election cost$400; about 800 ballots were deposited and the majority in favorof a Union high school was overwhelming; 862 votes were cast, ofwhich 715 were in favor of the new system. The Fourth ward votedagainst it by 2 majority. Immediately after the election the boardof education met to take steps to carry into execution the new plans.
566 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
A site was selected and the amount to be expended was fixed. R. WT.Pringle, who had been principal of Ryan high school, was chosen totake charge of the new Union high. The Ryan high school siteenlarged was selected. The cornerstone of the Union high schoolwas laid late in August, 1904, by Mayor F. W. Harriman. Addresseswere made by the mayor and Humphrey Pierce.
The last old log schohoolhouse in the county disappeared whenthe one in Black Creek iwas replaced by a frame building about1904-5. In 1905 there were 604 children between 7 and 14 yearswho did not attend schoiol the length of time required by law. Exclu-sive of Appleton and Kaukauna there were 9,513 children in thecounty between 4 and 20 years. Superintendent Meating in 1905urged that teachers should be paid higher wages.
The Appleton Teachers' Association was organized at Lincolnschool in November, 1905, with Miss Margaret Comerford as presi-dent. The necessary committees were appointed.
In May, 1905, Andrew Carnegie named President Samuel Plantzof Lawrence University as one of the twenty-five trustees to supervisethe distribution of the income of the $10,000,000 Carnegie fund forretired instructors. The offer of Mr. Carnegie of $50,000 to theLawrence library was accepted.
The law of 1905-6 required an annual joint meeting of thevarious school boards; the county superintendent was required to callthem together; great good was expected of this step .and actuallyresulted. The dedication of the college library in 1906 filled Apple-ton with scholars from abroad. In September, 1906, the high schoolregistered 314 scholars. This year Mr. Rockefeller offered $50,000to Lawrence College upon condition that it should raise $150,000,which was done.
The convention of county school officers in December, 1907,was the largest and most successful ever held. In 1905, when thelaw first became operative, the attendance was 250; in 1906 it was232, and in 1907 it was 275. State Rural School Inspector L. W.Wood was present.
The state tax apportioned to Outaganie county schools in 1906was $13,552.08; in 1907 it was $56,560.93.
It was at this time that Mr. Meating planned to have the schoolchildren of the county plant and care for gardens or crops olf theirown. He made an exhibit of the work of the county schools at thestate fair and won 26 prizes in 1907. Drawings and stories wereamong those winning prizes.
Of the 9,411 children of school age in the county, 1907, outsideof Kaukauna and Appleton, only 5,013 attended public schools;about 1,000 of them attended parochial schools, however. The totalexpenses were .$73,075.52; there were 146 school districts in thecounty, 130 of them observed Arbor day and planted 313 trees.
In 1907 the new compulsory law went into effect and doubledthe work of the county superintendent. At this time Mr. Meatingplanned and carried into execution as fast as possible many greatadvances in rural education, for which he deserved and received great
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 567
praise. He asked for a training school and planned to have the
children write a history of the county. "Trade schools" was the
slogan. The law made the county sheriff a truant officer.As shown by the report of Superintendent Meating, the new
school law in 1908 caused the attendance in the county of 65 boys
and 35 girls who would not have attended had there been no such law.
"Children were returned in every case before prosecution became
necessary," said the superintendent. During the school year 1907-8
he issued certificates to 15 male and 124 female teachers; 101 were
third grade; there were 115 graduates from the county commonschools. There were 4,728 children between the ages of seven and
fourteen years, of which number 2,950 attended the public schools,
and a total of 1,400 of the same age attended the parochial or privateschools. There were employed 15 male and 137 female teachers.
The total disbursements were $77,805.17. There were added to theschool libraries 1,482 volumes, making the total number of volumes
in the libraries 22,916. Twenty-four districts furnished free text-
books. Arbor day was observed by 127 schools and Memorial day
by 86 schools.On April 30, 1909, a spelling and adding contest was held
throughout the county, the contestants meeting at a central school-
house in each town and proceeding under rules prepared by Super-
intendent Meating. The winners of first, second and third places
in each town were eligible to compete. in the county contest held at
Appleton, June 12. At the same time commencement exercises for
the rural schools were held. This was the first of such commence-ments. A county training school was voted down by the county
board 24 to 10 in January, 1909.In May, 1909, R. W. Pringle, who for twelve years had been
connected with the city public schools and been principal of the
Appleton Union high school, resigned and was succeeded by Paul
G. W. Keller. There was general regret at the departure of Mr.
Pringle. In 1908 Lawrence College was worth $996,513.12.The construction of the boys' dormitory, to be called Brokaw
Hall, was commenced in 1909. The Peabody music hall was dedi-
cated in April, 1910, Judge Ryan, Neil Brown and Rev. Wescott
being the principal speakers. It was the gift of George F. Peabody.
The tenth annual northwestern Wisconsin interscholastic trackmeet was held at Appleton in May, 1910.
In July the Appleton school children numbered 5,721. This
year Superintendent Meating awarded prizes to school children for
the best dorn and barley grown.The Peabody music hall was dedicated April 13 and 14, 1910.
The growth of Lawrence Conservatory of Music in 1.910-11 was so
gieat under Dean William Harper that it was necessary to secure
several large houses near for dormitories and other houses were
rented.The two best country schoolhouses in the state are No. 3 Kau-
kauna and No. 2 Black Creek; the latter is brick 28x48, heated withfurnace; in the basement is a play room besides the fuel and furnace
room; it cost $5,000; the entire basement floor is of cement. Theformer has a concrete covering, has a furnace heating plant, is about35x40 and cost $3,800. Dolton T. Howard of Appleton, a senior atLawrence University, won second place in the oratorical contest atWaukesha in March, 1910.
Lew R. Saretsky, a Polish student of Beloit college, won firstplace in the state oratorical contest in March. Spencer Woodworthof Lawrence was a close second. The winning oration was entitled"The Leaven of the American."
The fourth semi-annual convention of the Wisconsin SchoolArts and Home Economics Association was held in the Appletonhigh school in April, there being in attendance about 100 teachersfrom all parts of the state. The work of students in manual training,drawing and domestic science was exhibited to about 600 people; in-teresting sessions were held.
The seventh annual Wisconsin high school basket ball tourna-ment was held here March and April; the teams represented werethose of Madison, Fond du Lac, Janesville, Appleton, La Crosse,Superior, Sheboygan ,and Mondovi. Appleton won first place, LaCrosse second, Janesville third and Superior fourth. The high schoolphysical education department rendered a visitors' day program inMay that proved a surprise and success. At this time commencementrecitals of the school of expression were given in Peabody hall.
Late in May the Appleton high school graduated forty-threestudents who held their graduation exercises at the theater May 31.This year the largest class in the history of the institution was grad-uated from Lawrence. In May, County Superintendent Meating wasexonerated from blame by a special committee which found hisoffice work so burdensome that he was unable to visit all the schoolsof the county; he was authorized to employ a clerk at $30 a monthfor six months each year to assist him, the first to begin after Sep-tember 1. As a matter of fact Mr. Meating was doing remarkableadvancement work against low wages and other insuperable obstacles.
The election of national, state, county and city officials occurredat the Appleton high school in May, 1911, girls as well as boys vot-ing with a voting machine borrowed of the city clerk. The contestwas between the People's Party and the Progressives. About 268students voted. The People's Party won by a small margin. Atthis time plans for a study and recreation center here during vacationwere formulated; registration blanks were distributed to learn whatinstruction was desired. Gymnasium, social, literary and scientificcourses were planned free. Among the leaders in this movementwere Paul G. W. Keller, George H. Packard, William H. Kreiss, CarlA. Feuerstein, Mrs. James S. Reeve, Carl Maeser and others.
From time to time as the years have passed additional depart-ments have been added to Lawience college-academic, liberal arts,commercial, musical, painting and drawing, military, university ex-tension, special,- correspondence, psychology, pedagogy theory ofeducation, etc., and has added different buildings-preparatory, uni-versity proper, gymnasium, observatory, Ormsby, Stephenson,
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 569
Brokaw, etc. Savings banks were established in the school in 1.910-11.At this time the Twilight Club and other assemblages advocatedmaking all schoolhouses the centers of civic and social improvement;evening schools were recommended in numerous places so thatstudents would not have far to go. In July, 1911, the school chil-dren of Appleton numbered 5,776.
In June, Judge Goodland decided that the property of LawrenceCollege not used strictly for educational purposes was taxable. InJune, Rev. Gunsaulus addressed the graduating class of Lawrence.The students of that college spent here each year from $150,000 to$200,000; this fact merited liberality from the business interests ofthe city. An unknown donor gave the college $50,000 this yearof which $25,000 was to endow a chair of arts; $50,000 was raisedby October. A donation of an additional $5;000 for Brokaw hall wasreceived.
In June, 1911, there were in the public schools 5,722 childrenof school age; boys, 2,800; girls, 2,922; teachers employed 104, ofwhom 93 were women; 113 children were graduated from the eighthgrade; there were eight in the school for deaf; 8,419 volumes in theschool libraries. Physical training and medical inspection had beenintroduced for some time. The new law of 1911 taxed teachers oneper cent of their salaries annually for a teachers' pension fund forten years, but not for more than $15.
KAUKAUNA AND -SURROUNDINGS.
K AUKAUNA was first visited by French explorers in 1634or 1638, after which date white traders were here moreor less continuously to secure the furs collected by theIndians. An account of these early visitations will be
found elsewhere in this volume. In 1780 Capt. J. Long with twentyFrench Canadians and thirty-six Fox and Sioux Indians under Wau-pasha, went from Mackinac to Prairie du Chien where they foundCaptain Langlade guarding 360 packs of furs; he brought back 300of the packs and burned the rest to keep them from falling into thehands of the English. This expedition passed along the Lower Foxriver.
Dominique Ducharme, a French Canadian, located at Kau-kauna in 1790 or 1793 and established a trading post with the Me-nominees and Chippewas; but sold out several years later to hisbrother Paul Ducharme. The following is the form of the deedgiven Dominique by the Indians. "In 1793 were present Wabisilpineand Tobacnoir who have willingly abandoned and released to Donii-nique Ducharme the land from the Portage of Big Kaukauna to theend of the prairie below forty acres in length and on the other sideopposite the mentioned Portage four acres in width following thelength; which the granters are contented and satisfied to least fortwo barrels of rum and in witness thereof make their marks." Theold Wabisipine being blind the witness made his mark for him. Thisis followed by the. sign of Wabisipine-a crudely formed figure in-tended to represent an eagle; also the sign of Tobacnoir his son, adesign representing a leaf of black tobacco, the English translationof the son's name. The witnesses were C. Hanmson and L. Ma.cabey.The deed then continues as follows "But other parties having claimedthe Portage have also sold their share and give security from alltrouble by accepting the payment of five gallons of rum, for whichthey are content and satisfied; in which faith they make theirmarks." Then followed the marks of Pa-sa-mis, meaning YoungEagle, son of Wabisipine; Old Eagle, signed as before. Also themark of Ches-mes-bitte no doubt another claimant. Following thesignature are the words-"Testified at the Portage of Kaukauna inthe year of our Lord, 1793, 31st day of August." Then follow arecord of subsequent payments-"In 1797, August 8, for part ofPortage one gallon of rum; in 1798, July 16, to satisfy his sons onebarrel of rum; in 1799, to satisfy the difference between themselvesone barrel of rum for medicine." Then follow the closing signaturesof the parties to the contract, being D. Du Charme and Du Castor,the latter with his mark, and again the signatures of Tobacnoir,Wachitte, Wabisipine and Tribun. The instrument closes with.
570
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 571
"Recorded on Thursday, the 18th of December, A. D., 1828, at 10o'clock. Robert Irwin, Jr., recorder."-(Green Bay Advocate, 1905.)
It appears that Dominick Ducharne, Paul Ducharme and Au-gustin Grignon were the first three permanent white settlers of Outa-gamie county. Dominick was the son of Jean and had two brothers;it is generally understood that he located at Kaukauna in 1790,through his deed from the Indians was signed in 1893. Three or fouryears after Dominick located there he was joined by his brotherPaul. Dominick built a. substantial log house and began tradingwith the Menolinees and Chippewas who resided near there to thenumber of about 1,500. A cut of this old log house, somewhatchanged by subsequent owners, is shown herein. In 1803 Dominickreturned to Montreal, after which Paul had full management of thetrading station, and still later became sole owner of the property.He became indebted to Judge Lawe, to whom he' finally sold theproperty and returned to Green Bay.
Augustin Grignon settled at Kaukauna in 1817 or 1818; helocated on the lower rapids where he owned about 1,000 acres onwhich stood the old Ducharme log house which thus became hisproperty. He built an addition to it and his home became famousto all travelers in this portion of the country owing to his genial andsplendid hospitality. He soon built a sawmill and probably a rudegrist mill. Grignon owned many cattle, sheep, horses and swine anda large frame barn; also a large frame store building. Across theriver on the south side were the fields of the Indians. In 1825Daniel Whitney built a sawmill there, but finding it did not payabandoned it, erected an ashery and carried on a large trade withthe Indians. In 1835 James M. Boyd, associated with Paul Beau-lieu, bought the old Whitney mill and began to operate it. It wasabout this time that Kaukauna began to be designated "The Lion ofFox River Valley." In 1850 Mr. Lawe made the first plat of thevillage-about 17 blocks on the north side; four years later Mr.Spencer made another plat.
In 1814 Colonel McKay and Captain Thomas G. Anderson,with a force of 65 soldiers passed from Mackinac to Prairie du Chien-going up Fox river, they came back the following year. This wasan expedition of the War of 1812. In 1827 Grand Kaukalin, mean-ing this whole section, was credited with a white population of 31of whom 4 were aliens. Joseph J. Porlier was a lieutenant in theWar of 1812; afterward he engaged in the fur trade at Green Bay,but finally came to Kaukauna where he died in 1839. J. B. Bergeonsettled there in 1837; he died in 1872 aged 92 years and was be-lieved at that date to be the oldest person in the county. EphriamSt. Louis settled here in 1835.
"Proceeding three miles we came to the beginning of a six milerapid the greater part of which Lady Bartram and I had to take dryland to overcome in order to relieve the canoe of surplus weight asthe men had to wade and carefully avoid the rocks in dragging thecanoe up this toilsome obstruction. The slow process of working upthe rapids gave 'time for splendid fishing sport. Black bass were
572 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
very abundant and I caught enough for supper and breakfast for allon board. Having at length overcome all the rapids, the water beinglow, the men were all tired and I said 'camp.' Lady Bartram pre-pared the supper. Now, reader, you may take a peep at our party,all squatted flat on the mats, Mr. Anderson (the writer) presiding,with Lady Bartram on the right, Sir Bartram on the left ready tobring the tea kettle, and then Master and Miss Bartram in front,scrambling for the fish eyes in the dish, at which their progenitorsexult to witness their activity. * * * My help consisted of men foroarsmen and one for steersman; and using a paddle they no longercraved for soup, pork and biscuit; but the more nutritous hulled cornand tallow replaced them. One quart of corn with two ounces of tal-low for seasoning with nothing else, being a day's rations for eachman and on this though their work was severe they fattened likepigs."-(Narrative of Captain Thomas G. Anderson 1800; Wiscon-sin Historical Cols., Vol. IX.)
In 1817 the Indian agent at Green Bay reported the follow-ing concerning 'this county. "The Minominees or Folls Avoinesestimated at 500 warriors; they reside during the summer on theFollivoine river, Kautong, Green Bay, Little Kackalin, Big Kacka-lin, Winnebago Lake, River de Loup, Butte des Morts, VermillionIsland and scattering villages on the islands and rivers of the bay."The Winnebagoes were on Fox river, probably the upper portion.Chippewas are intermingled with the Menominees.
IKacalin, 23 .November, 1817.Mr. La-we:
Sir and Friend: I received the honor of your letter in whichyou advise me of the position of Mr. Jacobs and that he had not yetnotified my brother. I believe that it will be best for you to sendsome one immediately to recolmmend to him not to extend our creditsfor our creditors have as much as they can pay.
In regard to Mr. Lusignan you tell me that you have not beenable to get a reply from Colonel Boyer. I will send therefore someof my men soon to the Fond du Lac to see what.is occurring thereand on their return I will tell you what occurs there for about thattime I mean to go to La Baye (Green Bay). It is certain from ap-pearances that he is about to do us much harm for the savages drawmore to his side than to ours,' or to speak.more accurately they donot come tous at all especially those I expected.
I beg you not to be rebuffed but to try again with Colonel Boyerfor it is better to-stop him now than in the spring. I beg- you toassure Mr. Caron of my respects.
Nothing else to speak of except to beg you to believe me to befor life your very humble, obedient servant and friend.
AUGUST GRIGNON,Per L. Fily.
Addressed to Mr. Lawe, merchant at La Baye.
"I passed two springs strongly impregnated with sulphur 'andat night stopped at a rapid of the river called Kakalin, being the last
HISTORY OF OUTA4GAMIE COUNTY 573
house and the last whites I expected to see for the distance of 250miles."-(Samuel S. Starrow, 1817.)
"There was a trail on either side of the river; that on the eastside ending at the Rapides des Peres; that on the west side continuedon to the Grand Katukalin, where Mr. Augustin Grignon was set-tled and had quite comfortable buildings. There was not a cabinof any kind between Depere and Grignon's and from thence to theWisconsin portage not a house, though Mr. Griglnon built a coupleof small cabins two years after at La Grande Butte des Morts."-(Albert G. Ellis, September, 1822.)
"At Grand Kaukalo they had to unload and cart the goods aboutone mile and the Indians going into the water, pushing, lifting andhauling the boats over the rapids; then reloading and poling themup to the .Grand Chute (where Appleton is now situated). There theyhad to unload and carry the goods up a hill and down the other sideabove the Chute which was a perpendicular fall of three or four feet.The Indians would wade in, as many as could stand around the boat,and lift it over while others had a long cordelle with a turn arounda tree above, taking up the slack and pulling as much as they could.When the boats were over, they were reloaded and then pushedahead and poled from there to Fort Winnebago."-(Daniel Whit-ney's Narrative, 1821.)
Mrs. Mary Ann Brevoort Bristol said,"At that time (1824) therewas nothing between Fort Howard and Fort Winnebago but GrandKaukauna where stood one house, occupied by Augustin Grignonwhere I was invited to attend his daughter's wedding. She marriedEbenezer Childs; quite a large party attended; all came in a largeboat called a botteau. The bride was dressed in white muslin; onthe table for supper were all kinds of wild meat-bear, deer, musk-rat, raccoon, turkey, quail, pigeon, skunk and porcupine with thequills on. Her mother was an Indian woman." This was no doubtthe first marriage of white persons in what is now Outagamie county.
In 1829 Ebenezer Childs was appointed poastmaster at GrandKakalin, but he resigned after serving one year.-(Wis. Hist. Col.,Vol. IV (Reprint.) The first annuity paid the Menominee Indianswas paid at Grand Chute about 1829, Augustin Grignon was a eap-tain in the Blackhawk war; he commanded a body of M.enominees.In 1824 when Henry S. Baird moved to Green Bay there were onlytwo or three families living at Grand Kaukauna.-(Wis. Hist. Col.,Vol IV.)
In 1828 John Y. Smith came from New York and began car-penter work at Kaukauna among the Stockbridge Indians; he builtthe second frame house and flouring mill in this section.
"About 1830 Augustin Grignon erected buildings and estab-lished himself at Grand Butte des Morts and left his place at Ka-kalin to the care of his sons. His chief attention was given to theIndian trade though he opened a farm as he had done at Kakalin.The natives held him in the utmost reverence; in fact he was theonly man in the trade who could ever cope in the least with JohnLawe in influence with the Indians. He spent much time in the
574 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
Indian country and spoke little English. He was noted for hisalmost princely hospitality. No man, woman or child ever met afrown at his door or went hungry away. He would invariably say,'Only let us reach Augustin's before dark and we shall be happy.' Hishouse was often crowded at night with travelers to the great incon-venience of himself and family, but the cordial welcome, the blandsmile and the bountiful good cheer never failed and all without feeor reward. He died in 1860, aged eighty years."-(Albert G. Ellis'Recollections. )
"At the Great Kakalin, about twenty miles up Fox river, a mis-sionary establishment succeeded in bringing many of the Menom-inees in clear land, build comfortable cabins and practice the art ofhusbandry. Some half-breeds occasionally preferred a hut to a wig-wam and raised a little corn and a few potatoes. With these excep-tions this interesting tribe existed in a state of worse than savagewretchedness."-(Col. Charles TWhittlesey, 1832; he made a trip upthe Fox river.)
"Having engaged Hamilton Arndt as a guide, we mounted andpushed up the river to Depere where we crossed in a scow and fol-lowed an Indian trail up the river to the Grand Kaukalo as it wascalled, where we staid over night at Augustin Grignon's, a very com-fortable place. Here we found the two sons, very pleasant and agree-able young men, having English educations."- (Henry Merrell,1834, Wis. Hist. Cols., Vol. VII.)
At Kaukauna before 1835 were Augustin Grignon, Charles A.Grignon, Paul Ducharme, Jacques Paullier, Paul Beaulieu and Rev.T. J. Van den Broek. Ephriam St. Louis arrived in 1835 and settledat Petite Chute. A schoolhouse, the first, was built near Little Chutein 1844. In 1840 Mr. St. Louis cut a road from that place to what isnow Appleton. In 1848 Holland emigrants began to arrive. In1852 Mr. St. Louis operated the first threshing machine in the town.
George W. Lawe was born at Green Bay in 1810. He said thatin 1823 the Stockbridge and Munsee Indians occupied the south sideof Fox river at Kaukauna. In that year the Episcopal mission wasestablished among them with Rev. Mr. Cadle in charge. The Indianscarried on farming, raising large quantities of corn, potatoes andsmall grain. Rev. Jesse Miner succeeded Rev. Cadle, but died soon.His grave was on the farm of Mr. Brill and was marked by a stoneslab. In 1835 Rev. Vanden Broek arrived and established a Catholicmission at Little Chute among the Menominees. In 1835 a treatywas held at the Cedars, there being present 4,000 Menominees, Chip-pewas and Winnebagos. A large tract of land in Brown, Oconto,Outagamie, Winnebago, Fond du Lac and other counties was securedby the government. In 1839 Mr. Lawe moved his family from GreenBay to Kaukauna, where he resided almost continuously down to1879. When he arrived he found the following families residing atKaukauna: Charles A. Grignon, Ephriam St. Louis, James Porlier,Joseph Lamure, Paul H. Beaulieu and a few Germans. Mr. Beau-lieu had a saw-m'ill and grist-mill in operation on the south side ofthe river. In 1843 Mr. Lawe as Indian agent under President Harri-
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 575
son, moved the Indians from Little Chute to Lake Poygan; in 1850-they were removed to the Reshene reservation in Shawano county.About 1847 Rev. Vanden Broek visited Holland and upon his returnwas followed by many immigrants among whom were Jacob Apple-man, C. A. Hamer, Martin Gerrits, Merman Johnson, TheodoreJohnson, J. C. Van Niel and Fred Spiel. Captain Joseph Houle whodied recently at the residence of his son, was said to have been 113.years old. Mr. Lawe recollected him in 1815 as a gray headed manat Green Bay. "In the year 1825 my father (Mr. Lawe's) gotshort of certain goods to carry on the Indian trade and sent JosephHoule in the month of January to Mackinac after a supply. Hestarted with a horse and sleigh alone upon the ice and reached Mack-inac in safety and safely returned. This is the first instance ofwhich there is any record of a, white man making the trip in thatway and at that time of year. Again in the winter of 1826-7 he wassent from Green Bay to Fort Crawford or Prairie du Chien with aload of goods for Daniel Whitney, making his way through thewoods and across the prairie with nothing to guide him but the trailof the Indians. IHe is supposed to have been the first white man tomake this trip across the country."- (George MT. Lawe in Crescent,March 1, 1879.)
The act approved March 8, 1839, provided as follows: "Town-ships nineteen, twenty, twenty-one and twenty-two in ranges 18 and19 shall be a separate town by the name of Kakalin, and the elec-tions in said town shall be holden in Grignon's trading-house.
The district of country as follows, to-wit: Surveyed townships91 and 22, ranges 18 and 19; and township 21, ranges 20 and 21,south and east of Fox river in the county of Brown; and the districtof country on the west and north of said river, bounded as follows,to-wit: On the west by the range line extending north between ranges17 and 18 east, on the north line to the grant to Eleazer Williamsextending northwestwardly until it intersects said range, line lastmentioned and on the east and south by the Fox river, are herby de-clared to be and constituted the town of Kaukaulin in said county."Approved April 1, 1843.
The act of January, 1847, divided the town of Grand Kau-kaulin and set off the following as the town of Lawrence: Township22, range 19 and the "Williams grant" of land so called and all thatpart of the town of Depere in township 22, range 20 and township23, range 20 and township 23, range 19.
In 1845 John Lawe, with nearly $9,000 in silver in a woodenchest went with four men in a Mackinaw boat from Poyagan downFox river past Oshkosh, through Lake Winnebago, down the lowerFox, running the rapids between Little Butte and Depere during thenight.
"A smart ride of half an hour brought us to the Kaukalulin, ofwhich place everybody knows all about, or ought to know, long since'-famed for beauty, prominence and bountiful hospitality. Theprogress of the improvement here will soon set the proprietors at workupon the foundation of a. town-indeed I was shown a very hand-
576 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
somely drawn plat of.the town of Kau-ka-na. I have always regardedthe point as one of the very best on the river and present appearancesseem to confirm that opinion."-(Ed. Cor. Green Bay Advocate,September 6, 1849.)
"Kaukalin.-We are told that this beautiful place is beginningto improve rapidly. Since a town plat has been laid out'numbersof lots have been sold and preparations are making for building to aconsiderable extent. A dam has been constructed, a new mill com-menced and very soon the saw and the hopper will add their music tothe pleasant song of the rapids. A new tavern is now opened and atthe lower landing the Messrs Whitnev have constructed a large stonewarehouse. Before this place begins to occupy much attention inprint, we hope something will be settled in the spelling of its name.Awful as it is to one not acquainted with the twists and turns ofWestern names, it is rendered doubly so to the novice by the variousphases which it takes with the various pens which put it upon paper.Kakalin, Kackaloo, Cacolin, Cackalo and the innumerable otherways, all suggestive of the cackling of a setting hen, are some of theways in which it is spelt. We have headed this article with the nameas spelt commonly, but believe it is not correct. Those who ought toknow about such matters say that the Indian signification of thename is 'the place where the fish stop,' and the above singular spellingof it is only adopted to the French pronunciation. Kaukau, it issaid, means fish.; na pronounced naw signifies in the connection astopping place, so that if the name is spelt Kaukauna giving the lasta the long accent, it will be correct."-(Green Bay Advocate, August8, 1850.)
At Kaukauna in about 1850 were George W. Lawe, Charles A.Grignon, Alexander Grignon, David P. Meade, Alfred Aspinwall.Reuben Donit, George N. Koutz, Peter Martin, Patrick Hunt andLemuel Brothers, and near Kanukann, a were Ephraim St. Louis,G. W. Kelso, Truman Tuttle, Thomas Armstrong, M. B. Lemento,William H. Spoin, who was a surveyor, R-ettete Grignon, Ben I.Craft, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Kavanaugh, B. B. Murch, Obed Boynton,Hector McKay, Alexander Ross, John Samuel, Seth Childs, AWil-liam Veritz.
The act of February 26, 1851, authorized Theodore Van DenBroek, Ephraim St. Louis and M. P. Caulfield to build a bridgeacross Fox river "at some convenient point on the rapids at LittleChute in the county of Brown," avnd in March George W. Lawe,David P. Meade and Cla'rk Knight were authorized to build oneacross the Fox at Grand Kaukalin.
The act of March 11, 1851, changed the name of the town ofGrand Ka.ukalin in Brown county to Kaukauna.
The Crescent of April 26, 1862, announced the death ofCharles A. Grignon, one of Wisconsin's pioneers. He died in Kau-kauna on the 18th inst., after an illness of only twenty-four hours.His father was the first settler of the county.
STREET SCENE APPLETONSTREET SCENE, APPLETON
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 577
In the summer of 1861 a new and large flouring mill was erectedat Kaukauna by Cord & Gray, the building was 35x45 feet, fourstories high, and had two run of stone.
In the early days Peter Martin kept tavern at the old Kaukaunavillage; later the same spot was occupied by a hotel and owned byMr. Naylor. The famous sulphur spring was under the bluff nearthe house. It was so strong that it was humorously stated to comefrom Beelzebub's factory.
A new stave factory at Kaukauna owned by Mr. Nichols wastotally destroyed by fire in June, 1868. There was little or no insur-ance. The owner immediately began rebuilding, even before theembers were dead.
In 1870 Mr. Reith kept a hotel in Kaukauna. Nichols & Co..conducted a stave factory, they had invested about $20,000; their
.capacity was 18,000 staves and 16,000 heads finished ready for hoops.John Stovekin conducted a grist-mill there; it was a building threestories high and had two run of stone; the capital invested repre-sented $12,000. Deidrich conducted a saw-mill there which had acapacity of 30,000 feet in twenty-four hours. Reuter Brothersowned a spoke factory, and had invested $10,000. An immense busi-ness was done at this time in Kaukauna in hard wood logs and rail-road ties; 20,000 ties were marketed there in the winter of 1868-70.all made by the woodman's ax. Late in February there'were piledui there about 1,000,000 feet of white-oak and maple logs. CharlesGreen was railroad and express agent at Kaukauna.. Mr. Hunt con-ducted a large store. The school was attended bv bout 40 children.and was taught by Miss Bailey. The Roman Catholics had thefoundation laid for a large church. The boats of the Lake and RiverTransportation Company were laid up at Kaukauna during thewinter.
The water power at Kaukauna was excellent. Several importantfactories were there in 1870. An ax-handle factory was planned in1870 to be started soon. Some eight or ten new buildings were inprocess of erection in July. Captain Edwards invested in the riverislands as well as in other neighboring property.
The paper mill was built at Kaukauna in 1873-4; the mainbuilding was 50x50 feet three stories high; machine room 26x80 feet:it was built under the supervision of John Stovekin; three waterwheels were used, the steam boiler had about 70 horse power; fourboiling tubs were kept employed all the time, in sections of two.
By February, 1874, the Kaukauna and Little Chute swingbridges had been let to contractors. The old bridges had been aserious burden to the towns and very expensive. Kaukauna townat this time had the following bridges: Two canal swing bridges;three river bridges; 14 Appleton creek bridges and three bridges onthe old plank road; besides there were many culverts and bridgesover small streams; the town had 13 road districts.
Kaukauna town grew rapidly after the settlement of the landdifficulties which kept many from locating there. It was. an attract-ive spot and in 1873 was growing rapidly.
578 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
In 1873 Deacon Brewster and Lobieski Shawvan, a University-s-tudent, started a Sunday school at Kaukauna. In March, 1874, aCongregational mission church was organized there, over whichRev. Mr. Williams became pastor; also over a chapel in Freedom; heremained about a year and eight months. In March, 1877, Revs.Doe, Little and Gale induced Deacon Jackson Tibbits of Appleton,to go regularly and hold religious services at Kaukauna and he wasduly licensed to preach. During the succeeding fall he urged themembers to erect a church and they began to raise funds and wereassisted by all the citizens-the Catholics and Lutherans helping.The result was a fine church which was dedicated October 6, 1878,by Rev. F. B. Doe in an eloquent sermon. The sum of $215 wasraised, which was almost sufficient to pay the remaining church debt.
In December, 1873, the town of Kaukauna voted to raise $3,000to rebuild the bridges at Little Chute and Kaukauna. Buchananwas interested in these bridges and was just as prompt in raising themeans and doing the work.
In 1874 the town of Kaukauna was authorized by the legislatureto borrow on the credit of the town a sum not exceeding $5,000 forthe purpose of building and repairing bridges. A tax was providedto meet the bonds and interest.
Otto Runte was merchant at Kaukauna in November, 1875;Rademacher & Eiting conducted a meat market; Tom, Dick andHarry had gone to the pineries; the Smith boys shot and killed adeer five years old; Mr. Bautermore leased the Mundinger hotelproperty; J. Stovekin & Co., hired several teams to haul straw to hispaper mill; Konrad's Hall was a popular resort for dancing parties;Weinfeldt shipped car loads of sheep to market; Hilgenberg had astore there; Framlbaugh & Co., conducted a dry goods store; Supple'sboot and shoe store was burned.
Mike Radema.cher kept the National House at Kaukauna in1875; Albert Greves was tinsmith; the Canada thistle grew in abund-ance on the streets of Ka.ukauna at this time. John Hunt was form-erly a merchant at Kaukauna; the cranberry crop was a failure.Rev E. Hackel, pastor at Buchanan and Kaukauna, visited Europe;Dr. O. G. Lord conducted a drug store.
H. B. Berendsen cond-ucted a meat shop at Kaukauna early in1876; John Kavanaugh was a blacksmlith.
At Kaukauna in 1875 were Reuter & Bros., Hub and Spokefactory; Stovekin's sawmill, Fred Mundinger's hotel; Colonel Kid-der, U. S. engineer in charge of the public works; Hannah Deid-rick an old settler of Kaukauna, died at this time: the new and finedrawbridge was going up.
In the summer and fall of 1875, Day & Call, contractors, hadat work on the improvements at Kaukauna., from 150 to 400 men.The dam was built by Knapp & Gillan and was 14 feet wide and580 feet long. John Stovekin was making in September three tonsof straw paper per day. At his saw mill he was turning out largequantities of lumber for the dams at Little Chute and Cedars; hemade large quantities of oak felloes. John P. Deitrich rebuilt the
bridge from the island to the Buchanan shore. At -this time thetown was erecting a new schoolhouse with tower and bell, all to cost$2.000. George MT. Lawe's park of about four acres was a popularresort.
The Good Templar's lodge at Kaukauna numbered 'about 50members late in 1876.
Captain Houle was born in 1767 and died in 1879, in Kau-kauna, so it was alleged. Madame Leurieux, the mother of Williamthe king of the town of Buchanan, said the captain was an old manwhen she was a girl. She was now about 90. lie was about 113years old. Lady Angeline Bergeon was very old also; she recentlydied aged 93 years.
Mr. Stovekin's new flouring mill at Kaukauna was almost readyin November, 1878.
John Stovekin's flour mill was burned in 1871 and the next yearthe Frambach and Stovekin paper mill was started. The Bank ofIKaukauna was founded in 1878 by Henry Hewitt, Jr., William P.Hewitt and P. D. Norton. In 1881 they sold out to Peter and Alex-ander L. Reuter who did a private banking business under the nameof Reuter Brothers. In 1883 they incorproated under the state witha capital of $30,000; Peter Reuter was the first president.
The new Congregational church in Kaukauna was dedicated inOctober, 1878; the sermon being delivered to a goodly audience byRev. Mr. Doe. Previous to this date Dea.con Tibbits of Appleton hadcared for the society for some time. In July, 1878, Ward Pattersonwas instantly killed by the bursting of a whirling stone in Fram-bach & Stovekin's paper mill.
In the village school September 1, 1879, there were enrolled 90pupils and the average attendance was 53.4. A few weeks later 25withdrew in order to attend the German school yhich had been re-organized. On October 1 there were enrolled 65, with an averageattendance of 45.7. In February, 1880, Jeanne Scott was teacherof the primary department and Charles D. Conkey of the grammardepartment. About this time 20 pupils withdrew and joined theCatholic parochial school.
In May, 1880, Bishop Krautbauer of Green Bay, assisted bysix clergymen, administered the sacrament of confirmation to about80 persons at the Catholic church in Kaukauna. A long processionreceived the bishop at the depot and escorted him to the church,which was beautifully decorated. Splendid music graced the occa-sion. The ceremonies were solemn and impressive in the extreme.The exercises of the day closed with a stirring temperance appealfrom Father O'Mally of Oshkosh.
The Kaukauna Water Power Company was incorporated in 1880by H. G. H. Reed, J. P. C. Cottrill and A. L. Cary, the so-calledtraffic committee of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western RailroadCompany.
On September 17, 1880, the first number of the KaukaunaTimes was issued. There was quite a contest to see who should getthe first copy from the press. Many afterward claimed they had it.
This was the first newspaper issued at Kaukauna. It was issued byHopkins & Gates. It was devoted to the interests of Kaukauna andAltamaha. The Appleton Daily Post made its first appearance inSeptember, 1880.
It was in 1880 that a new era opened bright for Kaukauna. TheChicago and Northwestern Railroad arrived in 1862; and ten yearslater the Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western came. The LakeShore officials launched the first great boom in 1880 when theylocated there their shops.
The Meade-Edwards water power was well in hand by 1881.The big paper and pulp mill of Col. Frambach was in operation. Sowas the Phillips grist-mill; but both were burned in August entailingan estimated loss of $80,000. The Bank of Kaukauna was in opera-tion this year and before by Hewitt Brothers and a building waserected at Wisconsin avenue and Canal street. The Kaukauna WoodPaper and Pulp Company and the Kilso Paper & Pulp Companywere carrying on a large business. At this time immense improve-ment was being made in the water power. M. M. B. was post-master with office on the south side. The Lake Shore Traffic Com-pany was presumed to be the same as the Kaukauna Water PowerCompany. The Kaukauna Times was established in September,1880, by Hopkins & Cates. In 1881 Mr. Hopkins died and H. A.stone became connected with the sheet. In 1882 E. C. Bidwellsecured an interest, but in 1887 it passed to C. E. Raught & Com-pany. The famous Meade-Edwards water power finally passed to theGreen Bay & Mississippi Canal Company. The location of the LakeShore shops here insured the great improvement of the village. Rus-sell Brothers' flour mill began operation in 1880. John Lawe joinedCharles Bidwell on the Times in 1884: at this time the namewas Kaukauna and Ledyard Times. In August, 1883, there wasa break of 200 feet at Little Kaukauna, but the damage was soon re-paired. There was a $10,000 fire in December this year.
On June 20, 1884, thirty-eight citizens of Ledyard petitionedthe court for a village charter; these petitioners represented a popula-tion of 934. The petition was granted. There were about 335voters in Ledyard at this time, but only 235 were polled at the elec-tion of officers. The first officers were as follows: John Hickey,president; A. Mill, A. Kern, C. A. Walker, A. Finegan, T. M. Solarand John Haupt, trustees; John Dietzler, clerk The city embracedabout 746 acres and was divided into two wards. Various com-mittees were appointed, a seal was adopted, licenses were granted,school children were ordered vaccinated and the village board bor-rowed a small sum from the bank to pay current expenses. Thethirty-eight names signed to the petition were as follows: W. T. Abers,F. M. Charlesworth, C. G. Roehr, M. D., H. J. Mulholland, L. M.Solar, R. Zeismer, Nick Gerend, P. J. Hayes, Max Rahr, A. A. Kern,T. H. Taylor, Louis Kuhn, John Hoberg, J. M. Delaney, PeterNettlekoven, Finnegan Bros., L. Lindover, Julius Kuehn, AlbertGates, J. H. Hayes, Henry Webb, John Lukow, A. E. Parton,H. Baurngartner, Jacob Rluppert, August MAill, J. Kutley, Louis Gau-
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 581
ther, C. Reible, Anton Galmbacher, Frank Schreiner, Wm. Hall,J. Daily, George Kromer, John J. Millbach, Matthias Yiingling,Peter Hurtenbach, M. Donahue.
State of Wisconsin, circuit court, Outagamie county, in thematter of application to incorporate Ledyard. now come the under-signed residents of the territory and oppose said application andearnestly remonstrate against granting the order, basing their oppo-sition and remonstrance on the following grounds. First, that thepopulation is largely transient, there being not to exceed fifty familieshaving a fixed home and habitation therein. Second, that the busi-ness and industrial interests are mostly controlled by one corporationand while it is presumed the interest referred to is now, and foreverwill be, in harmony with the interests of the people, yet it is be-lieved to be unwise to place the controlling power over a young andgrowing community within the grasp of a foreign corporation. Third,that the village of Kaukauna, so called, though not incorporated, issituated near and immediately joins upon the territory proposed tobe incorporated; that in fact the two places and the people thereofare inseparably linked together, their interests common, and thatto separate them by incorporating one, would be a great detriment toboth, create a distructive rivalry and neutralize the energies of both.Fourth: That incorporation would heavily increase the cost of gov-ernment. Fifth: That if incorporation is advisable in any case, byjoining the two in incorporation the expense of government would beborne by a larger amount of assessable property, avoiding heavilyincreased taxation. Sixth: That the assessed valuation of the pro-posed corporation does not exceed $45,000. Seventh: That the in-terests of said territory do not demand any such change. Seventy-nine signatures were attached to this remonstrance.
"The legislature on Wednesday passed an act incorporating thevillages of Ledyard and Kauk!auna as one city. This news was re-ceived with delight and celebrated with enthusiasm by the people onboth sides of the river. Wednesday evening cannon were fired, whis-tles and bells were sounded, speeches were made, all testifying to thedelight of the people in the wise and timely movement now happilyconsumated. *The corporate name of the united villages will be thecity of Kaukauna. The act will be effective March 25 and officerswill be elected ten days later."-(Post, March 5, 1885.)
The act of March 7, 1885, incorporated the city of Kaukauna."All that district of country included within the following bound-aries shall comprise said city and shall be divided into five wards asfollows: Named respectively, First ward, Second ward, Third ward,Fourth ward and Fifth ward. For Municipal or other purposes theFirst and Second wards shall be known as North Kaukauna and theThird, Fourth and Fifth wards shall be known as South Kaukauna,the center line of the main channel of Fox river shall constitute thedividing line: Commencing at the point of the intersection of theeast and west center line of section 18, town 21 north, range 19 east,with the northwest line of private claim 33; thence south 40 degreeseast, along said northwest line of said private claim 33 to the north
582 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
bank of Fox river; thence in a southwesterly direction across saidFox river to the northeast corner of lot 1 in fractional section 1, onthe south bank of said Fox river in town 21 north, range 18 east;thence due south 57.17 chains to the quarter post on the southeastcorner of said lot 1, fractional section 21; thence due west 50.98chains to the east line of lot 1, fractional section 22; thence south10.6 chains to the southeast corner of said lot 1, fractional section22; thence due west 32.23 chains to the southwest corner of lot 5,fractional section 22; thence north 11.9 chains to the southeast cor-ner of lot 6, fractional section 22; thence due west 12.31 chains to thesouthwest corner of lot 7, fractional section 22; thence due northto the center of the highway known as the Green Bay and Menasha.plank road; thence south 60 degrees west along the center of saidhighway 14.59 chains to the southwest corner of lot 1, fractionalsection 23; thence north 53.24 chains to the northwest corner of lotI, fractional section 23 on the south bank of Fox river; thence. northalong said north and south center line of sections 23 and 14 in saidtown and range to the center post in section 14; thence due east acrossprivate claims 1, 35, 34 and 33 to the place of beginning.
It was provided that the officers of Kaukauna should consistof mayor, two aldermen from each ward, one supervisor from eachward to serve as a member of the county board; cie rk, assessor, treas-urer, attorney, two marshals, one for each North and South Kau-kauna; two street commissioners, one fire chief, two justices, fiveconstables, etc. The city was divided into two election precincts,corresponding to the two sides. The mayor, clerk, assessor, treasurerand justices of the peace were to be elected at la.rge; the aldermen,supervisors and constables by the wards; and all others were to beappointed by the council. Elections were ordered held the first Tues-day of April in each year. Ample provision lor the complete organiz-zation and conduct of the city was made. A fire department wasproposed. The city was allowed to use the county jail until otherprovision could be made. The city was constituted two road districts,one on each side of the river. The towns of Kaukauna and Bu-chanan could hold their town meetings within the limits of the cityof Kaukauna. South Kaukauna succeeded to all the money, prop-erty, duties, liabilities, obligations, etc., of the village of Ledyard."The officers of the city of Kaukauna at present or in the futureare hereby restrained and restricted for the period of ten years, i. e.,the year of our Lord, 1895, to lay out a highway, or to build abridge over the south channel of the Fox River below the bridgesnow constructed over said Fox River in the said city of Kaukauna,and this section shall not be repealed, amended, altered or modifiedwithin the term of ten years from the passage of this act."
Tt was further provided that the plats of the village of Kaukaunaand the additions thereto previously executed and recorded, shouldbe the plats of the city of Kaukauna, and the lalnd not yet plattedcould be described as lots and blocks. After March 25, 1885, the cityof Kaukauna was wholly separated from the town of Kaukauna andthe town ' of Buchanan. The common schools were to continue under
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 583
the control and supervision of the school district boards the same asbefore. The town clerks of Kaukauna and Buchanan were to appor-tion the school fund as before. The engine house. council rooms andcity lock-up were located in the Fifth ward.
The act thus creating the city of Kaukauna was presented to thegovernor for his signature, was not returned by him duly signedwithin the time prescribed by law, and hence became a law- withouthis approval.
At the time of the incorporation of Ledyard there were manyresidents who felt that the best interests of the community would bebetter conserved by a union of the north side with the south side.Others thought such union impractical. This feeling arose, nodoubt, from the wide river which made close communication betweenthe villages difficult, and up to that period each had ignored theexistence of the other or had viewed each other with more or lessenvy. About the time of Ledyard's organization, north side businessmen remarked to men from the south side, "Vv'hy should there betwo corporations here, each at rivalry with.the other, when by a unionof the two villages a vigorous municipal growth might be effected.?"The reply was, "There is no reason against such a union, but manyin favor of it." It was about this time that the roller skating crazeswept over the county and a large skating rink was built by D. J.Brothers, Tom Solar, John Shaw, Frank Hayes and Hugo Mills,and to make it readily accessible to both villages it was built on theisland. Intimate association and acquaintance here effected a socialunion and when a mass meeting was held in the rink to discuss theconditions, great enthusiasm was manifest. When an election washeld to determine the question of incorporating all as one city thesentiment was practically unanimous in its favor.
On April 14, 1885, the first meeting of the common council ofthe city of Kaukauna was held at Duggans' Hall, pursuant to the callof his honor, Mayor Frambach. Steele, Vandenberg, Sullivan, Lang-lois, Mitchell, Walker, Kribs, Beck, McCarty and Jansen were alder-men. The first year was of necessity a year of beginnings, and inonly a slightly lesser degree one of accomplishment. Ordinanceswere framed and passed. Streets, alleys, sidewalks, drainage, fireand police protection received prompt attention, each involving athousand details.
A special road tax of ten mills on the dollar was levied. OnSeptember 30 an election was held "to determine whether $20,000in bonds should be issued for building and furnishing an enginehouse, council chamber and city lock-up ($3,000); purchasing afire engine and apparatus ($4,300)"'; the remainder to be used forgrading, graveling, draining, filling, opening and otherwise improv-ing the streets and alleys of the city. Ten bonds were to be issued,the first to be paid ten years from date of issue, and one each yearthereafter until all were paid. Of 400 votes cast, ' 272 favored thebond issue and 128 were opposed. On October 24, a proposition byB1. L. Gilmore to take $10,000 bonds, drawing siv per cent interest,and principal payable at Kaukauna, at one and one-eighth per cent.
584 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
premium, was accepted, and the first five bonds were ordered issuedNovember 3. On the same date the council approved the bill ofM. Weyenberg for sewer construction. On November 23, they let thecontract for building six fire cisterns and on January 5, 1886; directedthe purchase of hook and'ladder apparatus and instructed the chair-man of the finance committee to negotiate the sale ot two more bondsof $2,000 each.
Doctors Connors, Tanner and Lord were candidates for cityphysician; the former winning. The Times was made the officialpaper of the city. The liquor license was fixed at $200. It wasdecided to buy a fire engine and to borrow $2,000 to meet currentexpenses. A little later steps to build a council house and fire engineroom were takeil; this structure was built by T. M. Solar for $2,105,contract price. A poormaster was appointed and cisterns for thefire department were built in 1888. The total city receipt-; for thefiscal year 1885-6 were $45,932.02; total expenses, $39,011.80; onhand April, 1886, $6,920.22. Retail liquor licenses brought $4,-735.52. The first seven $2,000; city bonds brought $14,204.83.Mr. Reese became mayor in 1886 and Dr. Tanner city physician.A stone crusher was bought this year and extensive grading andmacadamizing were commenced; a lock-up was provided. Dr. Tan-ner suppressed many nuisances in the city this year and the next;he made 36 visits to poor persons and wrote for them 20 prescriptions.In 1887 Peter Reuter became mayor.
In 1849 a school was taught on Oakley street on the north sideby Mr. Spayne; two years later a. regular schoolhouse was built.Earlier than this school was taught in the old log house near JohnBrill's on the south side; and for many years the mission schoolat Little Chute had been taught.
In 1885, Col. I-. A. Frambach and others founded the Manu-facturers' Bank of Kaukauna. The Kau'kauwa Sun was establishedin July, 1885, by 1-I. D. Wing and L. A. Cates; the latter was cityeditor of the Appleton Post. In the spring of 1886 Wing bought outCates, but in October the concern passed to a stock company. Thefire department was fully organized in 1885 and had two divisions;William Klumb was chief. The Island opera house was built for askating rink in 1884; in 1886 it was fitted up for other entertain-ments. Electric lights were established in 1890 by the KaukaunaElectric Light Company, which was incorporated for $30,000 Aboutthis time an efficient police system was established. The UnionCornet band was organized in 1889 with seventeen members. In1890 the Driving Park Association secured grounds one mile north,enclosed the same and erected buildings and built a race track.
The Congregational Church on the north side was establishedin 1876; a few years later one of the same denomination on the southside was founded. The Lutherans began about 1887. In 1885 theMetlodists organized and first met in Odd Fellows hall; their churchbuilt the next year, cost $4,000; Rev. W. ). Ames was pastor. Albridge was built across the river and canal in 1881 and another in
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 585
1884. The First and Second wards were on the north side and theThird, Fourth and Fifth on the south side.
The Badger Paper Company began operations about 1885;Klein's flour mill about 1883; Outagamie mill 1887; Ruse paper mill1888; Kause fibre mill 1889; Thilmany's paper mill 1890, Shartlepaper mill 1890-1; Kaukauna machine works about 1891.
In 1887 John Hoberg bored an artesian well 235 feet deep andsecured a good flow of pure water; others followed his example untilby 1891 there were nine such wells in the city. In 1889 the citybored a well on each side of the river for the use of the fire depart-ment. A depth of 625 feet was reached--clown to the Potsdamsandstone. At all times the city has had an excellent supply ofGalena limestone. The vast water power at Kaiukauna is its chiefasset. Really, Kaukauna with its historic importance and its splen-did water power should have been the county seat, and would havebeen but for two circumstances: 1. The lack of enterprise of itscitizens in the '40s and '50s; 2. The fact that the Methodist Churchchose Appleton as the site of Lawrence University, thus giving animmense building boom to that spot.
In 1886, while workmen were excavating to the depth of eightfeet on Third street, 'Kaukauna, they ran upon the ruins of anancient building of stone. The stones had been polished and laidin walls and showed good woikmanship. An immense heap ofashes (about twenty bushels) was discovered near on the same level.Near this was another wall, with stones finely faced and severalblackened as if by fire. All this work was found but a foot or twoabove bed rock. This was understood to mean that the Fox Rivervalley was inhabited by a race of human beings, presumably theso-called mound builders, before the glacial epoch which depositedthe surface soil upon all this region.
There was much excitement in 1886-7 at Kaukauna particularlyover the reported discovery of valuable coal beds in Buchanan andnear Kaukauna. Several companies were formed-Kaukauna Ex-ploring and Coal Mining and Gas Company, Dundas Exploring andMining Company. Ai great variety of reports was circulated Aboutthis time a farmer in Freedom while drilling a well struck a largeblock of nearly pure copper. Coal was found on the Ballard farm.
The Kaulcauna Times was issued as a daily during part of 1887,but was suspended in January, 1888, as it did not pay, owing to thedeath of Mr. Bidwell, who had occupied the editorial chair.
The most important water power transfer ever effected in theFox River valley was carried out in January, 1887, when the Kau-kauna Water Power Company acquired Meade's interest in Islands1, 2 and 3, except the platted part; Edward's Islands; Hunt's IslandNo. 2; including nearly all the famous Meade & Edwards power.This purchase was brought about by litigation against the KaukaunaWater Power Company by the Green Bay and Mississippi CanalCompany, the Union Pulp Company and the Fox River Paper andPulp Company, to restrain the former from using any water fromFox River for hydraulic purposes. By the above purchase the
586 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
Kaukauna Company secured permanent and immensely valuablerights. The price was about $75,000.
George W. Lawe brought suit of ejectment against the city ofKaukauna for occupying two lots at the north end of the bridgeclaimed by him; his attorneys were Pierce & Moeskes. In the endhe won the suit.
During the '80s Kaukauna was the center of a movement tosecure natural gas, oil, coal, artesian water and other natural prod-ucts. Quantities of nearly all were found. A gas well was boredon Everett Sanders' farm. Gas wa.s found in the Spaulding well.
Late in the '80s Kaukauna had three newspapers-Tinmes, Sunand Volksbote. In 1889 in a vote on the question of issuing $25,000or $30,000 bridge bonds, Kaukauna polled 144 votes in favor of theissue and 168 votes against it.
The Thilmany Pulp and Paper Company was established in1889 by Oscar Thilmany; it was first a ground wood pulp mill andlater a paper mill with one machine. Additions were made untilnow the mill has five machines. It now uses both water and steampower and occupies 300 to 400 feet on the water power. The com-pany now makes thirty tons of paper per day-in specialties, andemploys about 190 persons. Its goods are marketed in all parts ofthe United States. MA. A. Wertheimer is president; J. E Thomasvice-president; C. W. Stribley secretary and treasurer. In 1902, Mr.Thilmany sold out to the present company.
In 1889 the supervision of public instruction in Kaukauna wasvested in a board of education consisting of the mayor and the direc-tor and clerk of each school district. The city superintendent ofschools was ex-officio a member of the board. At this time changeswere made in the wards and the city boundaries. Changes werealso made in the elective officers. Portions of the towns of Buchananand Kaukauna were attached to the city of Kaukauna for schoolpurposes, and the Kaukauna school district was: declared foreverexempt from the provisions of the act creating the office of countysuperintendent of schools. Since that date th, city has erectedseveral excellent public school buildings and one for high schoolpupils.
In 1891, the works of the Kaukauna Paper Company burneddown, entailing a loss of $75,000; it was built as a flour mill andconverted into a paper mill. It was burned in 1881. The Y. M. C. A.building was projected in 1892-3 and a structure was erected.
In June, 1893, the two banks at Kaukauna were subjected to asevere run, but both withstood all assaults and paid all money de-manded at call.
The American Protective Association had a large and rapidgrowth at Kaukauna in 1893, when 200 persons became membersin a short time. The feeling between them and the Catholics becameso bitter as to interfere with business.
Major Simms spoke at Kaukauna on the doctrines of theA. P. A., and his strictures on the Catholics were so severe that a riotresulted. The hall was stoned and an effort was made to do him
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 587
bodily harm. Mayor Reuter finally ordered the lecture to stop andthe crowd to disperse, neither of which was obeyed. The meetingwas finally broken up, in disorder. Mr. Simms and his friendsbarricaded themselves in the hall, which was riddled with stones.The mayor telephoned for the sheriff to send assistance, which wasdone, and after much effort the mob was dispersed. When Mr.Simms and his friends came out they were follo;wed, but the crowdwas stopped at the bridge by the officers. On the south side anothermob stoned the Simms party, and Simms himself was injured by astone The next day he was escorted to the depot by men armedwith Winchesters. The act of the mob was everywhere denounced asan interference with the right of free speech.
Some time afterward, while Mr. Simms was on his way tolecture again at Kaukauna, he was arrested, charged with libelagainst Mayor Reuter, but was released on bail. He came from Osh-kosh with 250 followers and a band with the announced determina-tion to speak in the south side Baptist church. The libel suit, it wasdeclared, was instituted to prevent his speaking. There was muchfeeling over this unfortunate chain of events. The Catholics seemeddetermined to prevent his attacks on them, and he seemed determinedto carry the war into the Catholic districts and was sustained in hiscourse by the State A. P. A. Society. In March, he again spoke,but was not seriously molested. The acts of the Kaukauna cityauthorities must be condemned as an interference with the rights offree speech.
George W. Lawe died in December, 1895, at his home in Kau-kauna. He left a widow, a son, John D., and a daughter, Mrs.Capt. D. J. Brothers. He was called the "Father of Kaukauna."He was born in Green Bay in 1810; he moved to Kaukauna in1839; in 1850 he made the plat of Lawesburg one of the three platsof Appleton.
In 1895 the city council by a vote of 7 to 2 passed an ordinanceto build water works and to spend as high as $150,000 for the same.The matter was taken into the courts on the ground that the taxwould be above the five per cent. legal limit. Judge Goodland sus-tained the ordinance, but the case was taken to the supreme court.
The Kaukauna Driving Club held excellent races in 1894-5-6.The base ball club was making a name for itself (see elsewhere).Corina de Vivaldi Corencz began suit against the Outagamie PaperCompany claiming $300,000 worth of property at Kaukauna underan old claim. She was the niece of George W. Lawe. She did notwin.
In 1897 the democrats elected their mayor, clerk and assessor,and the republicans elected their treasurer. McCarty (D.) waselected mayor. Majorities were less than fifty.
In April, 1898, the city election resulted as follows: C. E.Raught (R.) 143 majority; L. C. Wolf (R.) 214 majority; WillGray'(D.) 101 majority; John Merbach (R.) 2 majority.
The fiftieth anniversary of the landing oft three shiploadsof Hollanders bound for Little Chute was celebrated on a large and
588 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
imposing scale by that village June 14, 1898. There were parades,religious services and secular addresses. Many from Appleton, Kau-kauna and elsewhere were present. The shrine of Father Van denBroek was embowered in flowers.
In 1899 F. M. Charlesworth (R.) was elected mayor; L. C.Wolf (R.) city clerk; William Klumb (R.) treasurer. WilliamEitung (D.) was elected assessor.
In the celebrated water power case the supreme court decided in1901 that the water power company should pay the canal company$70,000 for water used unlawfully. Soon after this date the canalcompany absorbed several large concerns-worth all told over $200,-000. In the case of the Electric Light Company against the citythe- courts decided that the city's act to annul the contract with thecompany was illegal. Judge Goodland held that the city need notpay rentals until the company should comply with its contract.
The final judgment of $104,627.36 in one of the famous Kau-kauna water power suits was rendered by Judge Goodland in, Jan-uary, 1903 ; it was the suit of B. A. Sands against several companieswhich eventuated in the suit of the Green Bay & Mississippi CanalCompany vs. the Kaukauna Water Power Company. The case wascomplicated and had been pending for years.
In early times there were on the Grignon plat at Kaukaunaabout thirty well-defined and good-sized Indian mounds varying insize from ten to thirty feet in diameter and from four to six feethigh, nearly all round in form, though a few oval. By 1905 allexcept six had been dug into and more or less destroyed.
The Kaukauna Commercial Club was organized in March, 1907,to promote the business and commercial interests of the city; its presi-dent was J. J. Martens, and its secretary and treasurer W. J. Tesch.
In March, 1910, about one hundred business men and citizensof Kaukauna assembled at the Fox Club, listened to speeches byMessrs. Raught, IHayes, Becker, Delbridge, Tesch, Weisenbach,Towsley and McCarty, and organized a business men's assocation toconserve the interests of the city particularly with reference to taxa-tion, water power. At this meeting the following posters were dis-played: "We like Kaukauna, do you?" "Kaukauna, not South Kau-kauna nor North Kaukauna, but just Kaukauna." "Is KaukalunaStill the Lion of the Fox?" and others.
In December, 1910, the council called a special election to de-termine whether 'the city should buy the Iaukauna Gas, ElectricLight and Power Company's plant. About this time the rate com-mission directed that company to.give the city better and properservice.
By a vote of 544 to 52 Kaukauna decided on December 27,.1910, to buy the electric light plant; much interest was taken andshown by the large vote-about 66 per cent of the vote of Nover :ber,1910.
Ephraim St. Louis' daughter, Mary Z., married Peter J. Filia-treau; she was yet living in 1910.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 589
At Brokaw Memorial church in September, 1910, the followinl.officers of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society were elected:Mrs. H. S. Cooke, president; Mrs. S. M. Engholdt, secretary; Mrs.Walter Cooper, treasurer. The Epworth League and the Advance-ment Association were active in 1909-10. Edwin T. O'Brien waseditor of the Sun and president of the Democratic club. It was de-cided in 1910 to buy Klein's Park on the south side for city pur-poses; it comprised fourteen acres valued at $4,500. Charles E.Raught, postmaster, resigned in October. The Park and the Nicoletschools were in splendid condition at this time-as thorough andefficient as any in the state. L. P. Bunker was city superintendentin 1910. John H. Roemer of the railroad commission heard thecomplaint cases here in 1910; this year the city water works commis-sion laid the mains through the streets. The Woman's Relief Corpsand the public library were prominent features this year. 'The law.which forbids a saloon to be conducted within 300 feet of a publicschool caused trouble in 1911. The present city officers are as fol-lows. Mayor, John Coppes; city clerk, L. C. Wolf; treasurer, R. H.McCarty; assessor, H. Weifenbach; president of the council, Jos. J.Jansen; city attorney, F. M. Wilcox; city physician, Dr. W. N.Nolan; chief of fire department, Henry Schubert, nightwatch, N. S.,Jas. McFadden, nightwatch, S. S., John Hiting; street commissionerN. S., Theo Schmaltz; street commissioner, S. S., Geo. Coppes; justiceof peace, N. S., N. D. Schwin; justice of peace, S. S., H. J. Mul-holland; engineer water works, Wm. Iyland; electrical inspector,Wm. D. Kurz; pound master, F. Reichel; bridge tenders, John Killa-wee, F. Werner; teamsters, Owen E. Roberts, Henry Rauens; poormaster, H. J. Mulholland; sewer committee, Frank Loope, 1912,G. E. Haas, 1913, M. Ristau, 1914; water committee, Jos. J. Jansen,1912, H. E. Thompson, 1913, H. S. Cooke, 1914; board of aldermen,First ward, Frank A. Kern, T. W. Armstrong, Second ward, J. B.Delbridge, Jos. J. Jansen. Third ward, Jos. Hendricks, B. W. Hayes,Fourth ward, Jos. Lehrer, M. A. Raught, Fifth ward, Otto Mueller,F. J. Hilgenberg; county supervisors, First ward, Herman Pauli,Second ward, Chas. Wendt, Third ward, Jac. Feltes, Fourth ward,J. W. Dougherty, Fifth ward, Fred Reichel.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE
C APTAIN JOSEPH H. MARSTON, one of the old and hon-est citizens of Outagamie County, Wisconsin, who for manyyears has been closely identified with the business and publicinterests of the city of Appleton, has a distinguished record
for service during the great Civil war. Captain Marston was bornJune 1, 1829, in Deerfield, New Hampshire, and is a son of GeorgeH. and Lucretia D. (Hilton) Marston, natives of New Hampshireof English descent. The family came to Wisconsin in 1843, by theErie Canal and Great Lakes, and George H. Marston pre-emptedone-quarter of a section of land near Kenosha, at a time when theIndians in this region were more plentiful than white men. In April,1850, Mr. Marston, Sr., came to Appleton, where he engaged inpainting, and for many years up to the time 'of his death served asjustice of the peace. He died in the faith 'of the Baptist Church, whenseventy-eight years old. In politics he was a Democrat. Nine chil-dren were born to George H. and Lucretia Marston, namely: Dr.S. L., a graduate of Rush Medical College and for many years a med-ical practitioner. Dr. S. L. Marston was surgeon of the TwelfthWisconsin, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. Resi-dence, Hartford, Wisconsin; now deceased. Captain Joseph H., Ap-pleton; Eliza and John, residing in Omaha, Nebraska; Adelaide,residing in Denver, Colorado; Susan, residing near Seattle, Washing-ton; Ro'bey D., who died at Roanoke Island while in the marine serv-ice during the Civil war; Josephine, who is deceased, and Martha,who is residing at Butte, Montana.
Joseph H. Marston received his education in the public schoolsof Kenosha county, came to Appleton in 1852 and enlisted in May.1861, in Company E, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, "The Iron Brigade,"he being commissioned second lieutenant, being later made first lieu-tenant, and, September 17, 1862, after the battle of Antietami, cap-tain, with which rank he was mustered out of service, March 19, 1864,on account of disability. Among the many bloody battles il whichhe participated may be mentioned Second Bull Run, South Mloun-tain, Antietam, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He was woundedby a gunshot in his head at South Mountain and 'was reported amongthe killed, notice being sent to Appleton to that effect; at Gettysburga shell exploded at Captain Marston's feet, but the only injury hesustained was a sprained ankle, although he was thrown into the air;and at Antietam he was wounded in the leg. In addition, his experi-ences included being captured at Gettysburg and escaped with 'othersafter the three days' battle.
The following is an extract from a letter received from Col.R. R. Dawes, commanding the Sixth Wisconsin Regiment at the bat-tle of Gettysburg:
"My Dear Captain Marston: I notice that you are appointedwith others to go to Gettysburg to locate the monument for the 6thWis. Reg't. I can at this time see your tall form and firm step asyou pressed Co. E forward on a charge through that fearful storm ofdeath. How they failed to kill you has always been a mystery tome. I expect to meet you at Gettysburg."
The color guards formed a part of Captain Marston's Companyin this battle, in which he lost more than half of his men in killedand wounded. It was in this charge that the 2d Mississippi Regi-ment was captured by the 6th Wisconsin.
After completing his service, he returned to Appleton, where heengaged in the manufacture of wagon stock in company with R. Z.Mason, former president of Lawrelnce University; an enterprise inwhich he is still engaged.
In 1854 Captain Marston was united in marriage with MissLouise B. Belding, who came to Appleton from IHardwick, Vermont.with her brother, and she died in 1892, having been the mother offive children: Quincy, who is in the coal business in Appleton withhis brother Charles, Cora, Russell and Myrtie, deceased. CaptainMarston is a member of WavTerly Lodge No. 51, and AppletonChapter No. 47 of the Masonic fraternity, and is an honored comradeof George D. Eggleston Post No. 33, Grand Army of the Republic,having been one of the incorporators of the Wisconsin Soldiers'Home, and for ten years a trustee thereof. He has held numerouspublic offices and for two terms served as mayor of Appleton.
ALBERT M. SPENCER, a prominent member of the Outagainlielegal profession, who is actively engaged in practice in the city ofAppleton, was born July 26, 1856, in Bovina township, Outagamiecounty, Wisconsin, and is a son of Blanchard and Emily (,Curtis)Spencer. Blanchard Spencer came from New York to Wisconsin in1850, where he engaged in lumbering, and the rest of his life was.spent in this locality. After attending the public schools, Albert M.Spencer went to, the Ryan High School, and then read law underJudge Harriman and Sloan & Bottenscher, being admitted to thebar in 1883. During the next year he was elected to the office ofdistrict attorney and was re-elected in 1886, but retired from thatoffice in 1887 and went to Superior, Wisconsin, where he remainedeight years. In April, 1896, he returned to Appleton, after havingtaken a trip through Colorado and Arizona, and he has been hereto this time, having served in the office of city attorney for threeterms. He has a large and lucrative practice, and is well and favor-ably known both in his profession and as a public-spirited citizenand official.
In November, 1887, Mr. Spencer was'united in marriage withHelene Sherwood, of Green Lake county, Wisconsin, and she diedin 1896, having been the mother of two children: Harold, a mid-
HISTO.RY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 5)39
shipman of Annapolis, Maryland, connected with the United StatesDiplomatic Service in Africa; and Lora.ine, who is attending theUniversity and residing at home. Mr. Spencer is a Republican inhis political views.
WILSON S. PATTERSON, president of the W. S. Patterson Com-pany, contractors for plumbing and heating, and jobbers of pipe,fittings, valves and steam supplies, at No. 737 College Avenue, Apple-ton, Wisconsin, is .one of Appleton's well known business men. Hew-as born at Omro, Winnebago county, Wisconsin, September 6, 1856,a son of Abraham and Josephine (Shaler) Patterson, and a grand-son of Major Ephriam Shaler, who at one time had charge of FortHoward. Abraham Patterson was' born in Rochester, New York,and came to Wisconsin in the '40s, locating in Appleton in 1886,after he had conducted hardware stores in various places, and hereboth he and his wife died. They had five children, all of whomare living. Wilson S. Patterson first established his present businessin 1886, and it has been successful from the start, now occupying
two-story factory 26x140 feet, in which are employed twenty-sevenhands. The officers of the company are W. S. Patterson, president;Conrad Verbrick, vice-president, and H. C. Getschow, secretary andtreasurer. The product of the company includes plumbing andheating fixtures, pipe, fittings and steam supplies, and the Atwoodvacuum cleaner apparatus, and goods are shipped all over the sur-rounding country.
Mr. Patterson was married in 1884, at Hortonia, Wisconsin, toLetitia Lily Cuff, born October 11, 1862, daughter of Alexander andMaria (Ouffe) Cuff, farming people of Hortonia township, Outa-gamie county. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Pat-terson, five sons and five daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson andtheir children are members of the Congregational Church. He isa Republican in national politics, but in local affairs votes inde-pendently. His fraternal connections are with the Equitable Fra-ternal Union and several other fraternal societies. For some yearsMr. Patterson served as secretary of the Wisconsin Master Plumbers'Association.
SOLOMON R. WAGG, superintendent and secretary of the FoxRiver Paper Company's mills at Appleton, Wisconsin, has won areputation that is international as an inventor of paper makingmachinery, and has been intimately connected, with the business ofpaper making for a long period of years. Born in Cumberland,Maine, January 2, 1846, he moved at three and one-half years of ageto Yarmouth, Cumberland county, Maine. Mr. Wagg is a. sonof Elbridge, G. and Hannah (Reed) Wagg, and a grandson ofSamuel Wagg. The family was founded in 1750, in which year thefirst to settle in this country came from England to the New Eng-land States. Samuel Wagg was a, soldier during the RevolutionaryWar, in which he served seven years, and his pension papers, signedby John C. Calhoun, are kept as valued family possessions by his.
594 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
descendants. E'lbridge G. Wagg was born in Auburn, Maine, andin November, 1844, was married at Cum'berland Center to MissHannah Reed, daughter of William and Margaret Reed, farmingpeople of that section. Mr. Reed was also a seafaring man, .and hisfather, William Reed, was a man of much means, loaning money tothe Federal Government during the Revolutionary War, which, itis claimed, was never repaid. Elbridge G. Wagg was a farmer andschoolteacher, was superintendent of schools of Cumberland countyfor ten years, and was twice elected to the State Legislature. Hewas a cousin of ex-Governor and Later Congressman Dingley ofMaine, through his mother, who was a Miss Dingley. Of the eightchildren of Mr. and' Mrs. Ellbridge G. Wagg, Solomon R. was theoldest.
Solomon R. Wagg worked on his father's farm during the sum-mers and attended the schools of his district during the winters untilhe had attained the age of seventeen years, at which time he accepteda position as railroad baggagemaster, and after two years began learn-ing the trade of papermaker in a mill at Yarmouth. In 1871 hewent to Adams, Massachusetts, entering the employ of the L. L.Brown Paper Co., with which he continued seven years, during whichtime he learned every detail of the business. After -working in othermills in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York, Mr. Waggin 1884 came West to Wisconsin, locatiing in Neenah, irhere hebecame superintendent of the Kimberly, Clark & Company's mill,but after two years resigned to take a like position at the Fox RiverPaper Company's mills, where.he has since been employed. Thegreat store of knowledge which Mr. Wagg had accumulated duringhis many years of experience in paper mills of every size and kindin the country, assisted him in making this mill one of the finestin the United States, its growth under his management being littleshort of phenomenal, while his inventions were also great helpsin increasing the capacity of the plant. In 1887 he patented asulphide digestor lining, and later inventions were a Jorden engine,which has been sold all over the, world; a stone lining for a paperengine, a big improvement over past methods, which is already inuse in numerous mills, and about twenty improvements and patentson paper making 'engines. He is an honorary member of theAcademy of Science, Paris, France, which membership was grantedhim as inventor of certain articles used in the art of paper making.He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics he is aRepublican, but he has never desired to attain public preferment.He has, however, devoted a great deal of time to temperance work,being associated with Father Fitzmaurice and others.
In 1873 Mr. Wagg was married to Sarah Ling, who was bornin Odletown, Province of Quebec, Canada, daughter of Abram andElizabeth Ling. Four children were born to' this union; namely:
i Angie, Frederick, William and James. Frederick died from typhoidfever, August, 1900, aged 24 years.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 595
ABE 0. DANIELSON, clerk of the Circuit and Municipal Courtsof Outagamie county, who was for many years engaged in businessenterprises in Appleton, was born at Neenah, Wisconsin, November9, 1862, and is a son of George and Anna (Olson) Danielson, theformer of Christiana and the 'latter of Bergen, Norway. GeorgeDanielson was born June 14, 1834, and received a common schooleducation in Norway. At the age of twenty years he came to theUnited States, settling at Neenah, Wisconsin, where he remaineduntil 1856, and in that year removed to Rock county. In 1861 hereturned to Neenah, where he was extensively engaged as a mill-wright, contractor and manufacturer of pulp, and was there electedtown treasurer in 1872, city treasurer in 1873, 1874 and 1877, and1904 to. 1906, alderman one term, school commissioner two termsand assessor one term, and in 1892 was sent to represent his districtin the State Assembly. He died September 5, 1909, and Mrs. Daniel-son followed him to the grave, August 13, 1910. They had a familyof six children, as follows: Isabelle, born July 18, 1861, residingin Denver; Abe O., Daniel O., born February 18, 1864, who is en-gaged in traveling; Martin J., born May 3, 1865, engaged in con-tra'cting; Josephine, born April 3, 1867, residing in Portland, Ore.,and Mattie L., born March 4, 1869, also living in Portland. Abe 0.Danielson received his education in the public schools, and from1889 until 1894 was engaged in contracting with his father. Duringthe latter year he became connected with Shattuck & Babcock, atDe Pere, where he remained for two years as bookkeeper, and from1896 until 1905 was in the retail lumber business on his own account,and later with the Appleton Lumber and Fuel Company. .FromOctober 28, 1907, until April, 1909, Mr. Danielson was with theWTorden Lumber Company, and on May 22, 1909, he was appointedclerk of the Circuit and Municipal Courts by Judge John Goodland.receiving the election to that office November 8, 1910, for a term oftwo years. On April 21, 1887, Mr. Danielson was married to TinaRhode, a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Rhode, farming peopleof Portage county, and one son has been born to this union, GeorgeN., who is deputy clerk 'of the courts. Mr. Danielson's wife and sonattended the Congregational church. While he, is not a member ofany especial denomination, he is always ready to support movementsof a church or charitable nature, just as he has always given of histime and means to further movements which have had for theirobject the business welfare of his community. His politics are thoseof the Democratic party, and fraternally he is connected with theE. F. U.
JOHN A. MORSE, a prominent business citizen of Shiocton, Wis-consin, who has been engaged in the lumber business in Outagamiecounty during a period covering forty-fovr years, was born in NewHampshire, March 31, 1848. Early in.life he decided that betteropportunities were offered the ambitious young man in the West, andhe came to Wisconsin, in 1867, locating in Outagamie county andengaging in the lumbering and logging business, in which he has
596 OHISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
been engaged to the present time. He was married in 1870, to MissEffie J. Main, who was 'born in the Dominion of Canada in 1850,and they have had a family of three children, namely: Glen, whomet an accidental death in 1909; Clifford, of Shiocton, who is mar-ried and has two children, and John F., residing 'on a. fruit ranch inIdaho. Mr. Morse is a member of the Masonic fraternity and inpolitics he is a Republican, but he has never aspired to public office.With his wife he attends the Congregational church.
ALEXANDER LAIRD, who has been closely identified with the ag-ricultural interests of Outagamie county for a number 'of years, isnow living retired on his fine farm in Ellington township, whichis being operated by his son. He was born January 11, 1840, nearBelfast, Ireland, and received his education in that vicinity, althoughhe had to leave school at the age of fourteen years to take charge ofthe home farm, his father, William Laird, having died. When hewas seventeen years of age he left the Emerald Isle and caime to theUnited States with his mother, brothers and sisters, and from Fonddu Lac, at which city the road stopped, the little party walked toEllington township. The mother purchased land in Bovina town-ship, Outagamie county, and Mr. Laird worked on that property fortwelve years. In 1868, Mr. Laird returned to Ireland, where he wasmarried to Agnes Jamison, a native of that country, and on theirreturn to the United States they settled on Mr. Laird's present homein Ellington township. For many years Mr. Laird was engaged inmixed farming and dairying, but he has now given up active workand is living a quiet life, enjoying the fruits of his early labors. Hehas lived to see the country grow from a. vast stretch of wildernessto a flourishing, prosperous country, and his own farm developfrom so many acres of heavy timber to one of the finest farminglands in Ellington township. In 1906 he erected the present hand-some residence, and other good buildings grace this tract. Mr. Lairdhas been a member of the township board for several terms. He andMrs. Laird are, consistent .members of the Congregational church,and have been the parents of seven children, namely: Elizabeth,Agnes, William L., Letta, John, Alexander and Katherine. Alex-ander Laird is now operating the old homestead farm.
CHARLES WUNDERLICI, one of Ellington township's substan-tial citizens, and the owner of a well cultivated tract of farmingland, was born on his father's farm in Ellington township, October22, 1864, and is a son of Christopher Wunderlich. ChristopherWunderlich, who was a native of Germany, came to this countryat the age of twelve years with his parents, the family settling firstin Milwaukee, in which city he grew to manhood. During the '50she came to Ellington township, purchasing wild land, which hecleared from the timber a.nd cultivated into an excellent farm. Formany years he was engaged in farming here, and in 1905 he retiredfrom active life and went to Appleton, in which city he and hiswife now reside. Charles Wunderlich received a good district school
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 597
education, and began to learn the rudiments of farming when stilla small boy, assisting his father and brothers in cultivating the homeplace. He has always worked in this district with the exception of afew years before his marriage, when he was engaged in cultivatingsome land he owned in Minnesota, but he eventually returned to thehome farm. He rented the property here until 1906, when he pur-chased the farm he now owns, and he carries on general farmingalong scientific lines. Mr. Wiunderlich is well versed in crop rota-tion and an advocate of the use of the latest and most highly im-proved farming machinery, and the appearance of his property givesevidence of excellent management. In November, 1905, Mr. Wun-derlich was married to Miss Martha Discher, who was born in Neenah,Wisconsin, inl May, 1881, and they have had two children, namely:Harvey, who died at the age of one and one-half years, and Howard.who was born in March, 1909. Mr. and Mrs. Wunderlich are faith-ful members of the German Lutheran Church of Ellington.
JOHN SPEARS, who carries on general farming operations in El-lington township, and makes a specialty of breeding high gradeGuernsey cattle, is a native of Outagamie county and a son of JohnSpears, who was born in England. John Spears, the father, came toAmerica when twenty-five years of age, and during the ten yearsthat followed he lived at various places in the' United States. Hecame to Outagamie county in 1858, buying land in Ellington town-ship, on which he resided for many years, but eventually sold andmoved on the farm now owned by his son, and here his death oc-curred in 1905. He was married in 1868 to Elmira Elliott, born in1842, in Wisconsin, of English parentage, her father having beena participant in thei War of 1812, and she died on the farm in 1895.Mr. Spears enlisted for service in the Federal army during the Warof the Rebellion, and at its close received an honorable discharge.He and his wife had three boys and two girls, all living except one,who died in infancy. John Spears was born in 1869, on his father'sfarm, and he received his education in the district schools of theneighborhood, his youth being spent much the same as that of otherfarmer's boys of that time. He continued to work on his father'sfarm until he was twenty years of age, at which time he started outto make his own way in the world and took charge of his father'sproperty, which he purchased in 1896. He does general farmingand dairying, making a specialty of Guernsey cattle, and he is aprominent member of the Guernsey Cattle Breeders' Association. Heis progressive in his political views and has served for upwards offifteen years as road commissioner. His religious connection is withthe Congregational 'Church of Illington, in which he is deacon andsuperintendent of the Sunday school. Mr. Spears has never married.
JOHN JAMES NIELAND, who is operating a tract of 135 acres inGrand Chute township as a general and dairy farm, is one of thissection's good, practical agriculturists. 'He 'was born in Greenvilletownship, Outagamie county, Wisconsin, August 15, 1871, and is a
598 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
son of John and Rachael (Burr) Nieland, natives of Germanyy, thefather born in Mecklenburg, September 15, 1834, and the mother inPreisen, September 17, 1834. John Nieland came to the UnitedStates with his parents in 1857 and located at Manitowoc, where Mr.Nieland worked in a sawmill until the family removed to Dale town-ship, Outagamie county and located on a forty-acre farm. He workedfor farmers in this vicinity until his enlistment, in August, 1862, inCompany I, Thirty-second Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer In-fantry, and with this organization he served two years and tenmonths, being mustered out of the service at W'ashington, D. C. Mr.Nieland had an excellent war record, and was never w;ounded norconfined to the hospital. He had married in May, 1862, beforegoing to the front, and after his services were completed he returnedto his home and soon thereafter settled on a farm in Greenville town-ship, on which he remained about nine years. He eventually soldthis and bought a farm in Dale township, and on this eighty-acretract he continued to live twenty-one years, when he sold out andretired to Appleton, where he now lives in his residence at No. 1265Oneida street. Mrs. Nieland died November 5, 1909. They werethe parents of seven children: Ernest and John, who are deceased;Carrie, wife of William Schroeder, of Greenville township, a farmer;Henry, married, a resident of South Division street, Appleton; JohnJames, married; Louis, a resident of Maple street, Appleton, andFrederick, who lives with his father.
John James Nieland received his education in school districtNo. 2, Dale.township, and at the age of twenty years took charge ofthe homestead farm, which he conducted for four years. He then en-gaged in a sawmill business at Hartland, Shawano county, for abouttwo years, when a disastrous fire destroyed his plant, and during thenext eight years he worked for others, trying to recuperate his losses.At the end of this period Mr. Nieland rented a farm in Grand Chutetownship for about five years, since which time he has operated hispresent 135-acre tract as a general 'and dairy farm. He keeps a num-ber of fine dairy cattle, and his property is fitted with a full comple-ment of up-to-date equipments. He has given his entire attentionto his farming operations, and is now considered one of Grand Chutetownship's substantial agriculturists. Mr. Nieland is fraternallyconnected with the Modern Wioodmen at Appleton.
On September 16, 1896, Mr. Nieland was united in marriagewith Miss Anna Haefs, 'who was born December 27, 1877, in Ke-wanee county, Wisconsin, daughter of Herman and Gusta (Krueger)Haefs, natives of Pommerin, Germany, where the father was bornJune 1, 1855, and the mother December 10, 1859. Mr. Haefs cameto the United States when he was fourteen years of age, and locatedat Mayville, Dodge county. He grew to maturity on his father'srented farm in Shawano county, where he later became a land-owner, and he is still residing there on a farm, although he has prac-tically retired from farming activities. Mr. and Mrs. Haefs had afamily of children as follows: Anna, who married Mr. Nieland;Charles, a farmer of Montana; Hulda, who married Frank Hiller,
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 599
a farmer of Hartland township, Shawano county; August, a lum-ber grader of Gresham, Wisconsin; Mary, who married Peter Hop-pensberger, a watchman in the paper mill at Combined Locks; Ben-jamin, a tinner of Bondwell, Shawano county; Elmer, who residesin Gresham, and one who died in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Nielandthere have been born five children: Hazel Myrtle, born August 24,1897; Chester Harold, born November 17, 1899; Lucile Bessie, bornMarch 24, 1905; Ivor Charles, born December 21, 1907, and EthelMay, born May 28, 1909.
FRANK PETERS, who is cultivating a fine farm of 100 acres inGreenville township, Outagamie county, has been engaged in variousoccupations since reaching years of maturity, and has now settled,down to an agricultural life in which he is having much success.Born in Center township, Outagamie county, May 7, 1871, Mr;Peters is a son of Fred Peters. He attended public school in Apple-ton, and district school in Center township, and at the age of twentyyears he learned the butcher business in Appleton, following thatoccupation for about one year in that city and then going to Minne-sota, where he spent a like period working for others. Returning tsAppleton, he was engaged in tending bar for one year, and he wasthen married and moved to Kaukauna, where he was engaged in ras-road work for about a year, after which he operated a fan i'mGreenville township for a period of five years. At this time he bou'ghta general merchandise store at Greenville Station, but after less hantwo years was burned out, and he then rented a building and engagedin the saloon business for six months, when he went to West Bloom-field, Waushara county, and for the two years that followed was theaproprietor of a hotel. At this time Mr. Peters came to his present;location in Greenville township, where he, has an excellent geera[idairy and stock farm of 100 acres. He was married May 30, 1894,to Miss Mary Knaack, who was born in Ellington township, Sep-tember 23, 1876, and they have had the following children: ErvinP., born December 10, 1894; Louis, born July 6, 1896; Loreta, bornOctober 15, 1897; Celia, born October 21, 1900; Chester, born Aprill25, 1902; Viola, born June 14, 1905; Lulu, born October 11, 1907;Victor, born April 18, 1909; and Harold, born October 19, 1910.All of the children are living at home with the exception of Victor,who died June 18, 1909. The family is connected with the LutheramChurch.
WILLIAM MEWS, one of the self-made men of Greenville.township, who is operating a farm of ninety-two acres, is a native,of Pomerania, Germany, where he was born March 16, 1855, a son]of Gottlieb and Caroline Charlotte (Yokes) Mews, natives of the?Fatherland. The family came to America in 1856, and located imnMilwaukee, where Mr. Mews worked on railroad construction workfor a few years and later moved to Alma, Wisconsin, thence to Hud-son Prairie, and subsequently to Dunn county, where he resideduntil 1881. Mr. Mews was well and favorably known in Dunncounty and served in various public offices. He and his wife hadl
nine children, of whom William was the fourth in order of birth.William Mews received but a. limited education in the schools ofDunn county, and in 1881 left home and went to Neenah, where heworked on a farm for one year and in a paper mill for ten months.He then came to Maine township, Outagamie county, buying a farmin the. woods, and during his eight years' residence there cleared theproperty and developed a good farm. Selling this land, he removedto Ellington township and spent one summer on a rented farm, afterwhich he came to Greenville township and for five and one-halfyears rented al farm situated two and one-half miles south of hispresent property. He then rented the farm he now operates for oneyear, at the end of which time he purchased it, and he now has oneof the best farms of its size in this part of Greenville township. Hedevotes himself to general farming, and also does some dairying,disposing of his milk to the cheese factories of his neighborhood.Mr. Mews is a member of the Evangelical Association. In politicshe is independent, and while a resident of Maine township servedas a member of the school board. On October 30, 1879, Mr. Meewswas married to Miss Margaret Stroebel,.who was born in Hebrontownship, Jefferson county, Wisconsin, August 12, 1857, daughterof Fred and Barbara (Lang) Stroebel. Fred Stroebel was born inWurtemberg, Germany, July 27, 1824, and his wife in Byern, Ger-many, March 17, 1838. Mr. Stroebel came to America as a youngman, in 1852, and located in Jefferson county, where he purchaseda small tract of land and engaged in farming. In 18,64 he becamea minister of the Evangelical Association, and after he retired went toBlooming Grove township, Dane county, near Madison, from whencehe went to Fort Atkinson and there died, November 19, 1906. Hiswidow still resides there. Mr. and Mrs. Stroebel had ten children,Mrs. Mews being the second in order of birth. To Mr. and Mrs.Mews there have been born three children: Samuel Benjamin, whomarried Miss Tillie Gall, is farming in Dale township; Anna Bar-bara is the wife of Frank Zahrt, an agriculturist of Ellington town-ship, and Edward William is single and resides at home.
RUDOLPH J. TELLOCK, the owner of a farm of 140 acres inGreenville township, has also been identified with the grass mattingbusiness in this section for a number of years. He was born in Dant-zig, Pomerania, Germany, March 20, 1861, a son of John and DorisTellock, who'came to the United States in 1867, locating in WolfRiver township, Winnebago county, Wisconsin, where Mr. Tellockwas engaged in farming until his death in 1891, his wife havingpassed away in April, 1888. They had a family of eight children,Rudolph J. being the fifth born. He attended school in Wolf Rivertownship, and when only sixteen years of age went to work on theriver, where he worked for twenty years, rising to the position ofcrew manager. He then began working for the Oshkosh GrassMatting Company, with which firm he continued seven years, and in1888 he moved to Winchester township, where he had a farm of 100acres, which was being operated by his sons. He continued to re-
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 601
,side there until 1909, when he sold out and came to Greenvilletownship, where he operates a dairy farm of 140 acres. He is stillengaged in the matting business to some extent, being employed bythe Waite Grass Carpet Company of Oshkosh, having charge of thecutting and baling of the grass, which is shipped from Minnesotato the factory. Mr. Tellock is a member of the Lutheran Church,and in politics an independent Republican. On October 8, 1882, hewas married to Ottilia Becker, who was 'born in Wolf River town-ship, July 4, 1866, daughter of Carl and Ernestina (Schmidt)Be'cker, natives of Pomerania, Germany, where the father was bornDecember 26, 1822, and the mother March 12, 1832. They weremarried in Germany, and were among the first settlers of Winne-bago 'county, settling there at a, time when the nearest point forsupplies was Oshkosh, then a small village, whence they went in alittle canoe. Mr. Becker was one of the first la.nd owners in Winne-bago county, and built the first house in Wolf River township. CarlBecker died in that township in'March, 1889, his wife having passedaway the month previous. Thirteen children were born to them, ofwhom two survive: Mrs. Tellock, and Emil William, a resident ofOshkosh, in the employ of the Paine Company; Mr. and Mrs. Tel-lock have had nine children, namely: Frank Elmer, born February16, 1884; William Amil J'ohn, born March 23, 1886, a cheesemakerof Menasha, Wisconsin, married Alma Pyratz; Lydia, born May 8,1888, died April 18, 1889; Emil Henry, born February 20, 1890 Alfred Carl, born April 23, 1892; Edward Henry, born July 6, 1894;Erwin Ferdinand, born December 17, 1896; Albert Otto, born April26, 1899, and Gladys Joy, born August 31, 1902.
HENRY ANTON BESSING, who devotes his attention to dairyfarming on a tract of sixty acres in Grand ,Chute township, has beena resident of this section for a long period, and is known as one ofhis township's reliable citizens. He was born at Buffalo, New York,January 17, 1854, a son of Bernhard and Katharine (Sunderman)Bessing, natives of Prussia, Germany. The parents of Mr. Bessingcame to the, United States about 1842, and located first in Detroit,Michigan, but after a short period removed to Buffalo, New York,where Mr. Bessing followed his trade as moulder until his deaththere in 1864. Two years later Mrs. Bessing married BernhardtDoing and came to Appleton, Mr. Doing purchasing a farm nearthe present property of Mr. Bessing, and here he died some yearslater, Mrs. Doing then returning to Buffalo, where her death oc-curred January 19, 1892. Five children were born by her firstmarriage: Henry Anton, Frank, who is deceased; John, a resident'of Buffalo, and Bernhardt, also living in the Bison city, and Rose,who died in September, 1908, the wife of John Guelff, of GrandChute township. Mrs. Doing had four children by her second union,namely: William, a soldier in, the -regular United States army;Tilly, who is' deceased; Joseph, who resides on State street, Appleton,an engineer in the paper mill, and Minnie, who is deceased.
602 IStITORYF OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
Henry Anton Bessing received his education in the publicschools of Buffalo, New York, and worked on the home farm inGrand Chute township until he was twenty-one years old. He thenstarted working out as a hired man among the farmers of thatvicinity, and when he had accumulated enough money he investedit in the farm which he now operates, a first-class tract of sixty.acreswhich he devotes to dairy farming. He has erected a number ofnew, substantial buildings, fitted with modern equipment, with im-provements to insure cleanliness and hygienic conditions, and hehas a fine herd of dairy stock which he feeds on well kept pastureland. Mr. Bessing is a member of the Roman Catholic Church atAppleton. In political matters he is an adherent of the principlesof the Democratic party, and he has served one term as a memberof the town board.
On November 11, 1884, Mr. Bessing was married to Mary Hei-man, who was born in Oconto, Wisconsin, June 22, 1865, daughterof Henry and Anna (Jochanmen) Heiman, the former born in Hol-land in 1832, and the latter in Westphalia, Germany, October 8,1842. Mr. Heiman came to America when about twenty years ofage, and for about eight years thereafter he followed his trade ofbaker. After his marriage he became proprietor of a boarding housein Ooonto, Wisconsin, but after three years bought a farm in GrandChute township, which he operated until 1905, at which time he re-tired and moved to Appleton, where his death occurred one yearlater. His wife had passed away in 1905. They were the parentsof ten children: Henry, who is deceased; Mrs. Bessing; Lena, thewife of William Liethen, overseer of the paper mill, residing onWalnut street, Appleton; Anna, the wife of Frank Hooyman, afarmer of Freedom township; John, residing on the old homestead;Frank; and Francis, deceased; Antone, a Grand Chute townshipfarmer; Margaret, the wife of Matt Jackels, a retired farmer ofStory street, Appleton, and one child, which died in infancy. Mr.and Mrs. Bessing have had six children: Cecelia, born November22, 1884, died February 5, 1906; John, born May 16, 1887, whodied December 8, 1894; William, born February 17, 1890; Anna,born May 23,' 1892; Raymond, born August 31, 1894, and Agnes,born February 16, 1896.
CLYDE MAIN, whose forty-acre farm in Grand Chute townshipis producing excellent crops, is one of Outagamie county's scientificagriculturists. Mr. Main was born at Shiocton, Wisconsin, August25, 1878, and is a son of Perkins and Mary (Crowley) Main, theformer born in New York state in 1857, and the latter near Ripon,Wisconsin, August 21, of that year. Perkins Main was reared ona farm in New York, and as a young man was engaged in horsedealing. He came to Wisconsin when he was about twenty yearsof age, and first engaged in running a stage, line between Appletonand Shawano, but after some years went to Chicago, where he en-gaged in a teaming business, his death occurring about eight yearslater, in 1899. His widow now resides with her son Albert, a farmer
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 603
of Grand Chute township. Clyde Main attended the schools of Ap-pleton and Chicago and after his father's death came to Stevens-ville, Outagamie county, with his mother and brother, and rented afarm for two years, when they went to Shiocton and spent a likeperiod on a rented farm. Returning to Stevensville, they remainedfor one year, and in August, 1908, Mr. Main came to Grand Chutetownship and purchased the farm of forty acres which he is nowcultivating. He gives his entire time and attention to his farmingand stock-raising interests, and specializes to some extent in cabbagesand potatoes. In political affairs he is an' adherent of the principlesof the Republican party, althou'gh he has never found time to en-gage actively in public matters and has never aspired to publicpreferment.
Mr. Main was married August 14, 1901, to Florence Brooker,who was born January 26, 1879, in Waupaca county, WTisconsin,daughter of Frank and Sarah (Aman) Brooker, the former bornin London, England, about 1854, and the latter in Waupaca county,January 2, 1859. Mr. Brooker came to the United States with hisparents as a child, and located first in Waupaca county, later re-moving to Outagamie county, where he became a land owner and re-sided until the spring of 1911. He then went to a county in north-ern Wisconsin, where he purchased a farm of eighty acres. Mr. andMrs. Brooker were the parents of seven children, namely: Florence,who married Mr. Main; George, who is single and lives with hisparents; Finette, the wife of Leon Kennedy, residing in Bovina town-ship; Lloyd and Effie, living at home; Lillian, the wife of WilliamDey of Minocqua, and Frank, residing at home. Mr. Brooker hadfour children by a previous marriage, of whom three are now living:Burton and Ralph, of Minnesota, and Laura, the wife of GeorgeKaufmann, of Shiocton. Alvin is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Mainhave had four children: Theodore A., born March 7, 1903; Clar-inda, born December 4, 1904; Clyde, born February 5, 1907, andJessie M., born February 17, 1911.
CHAILES H. KESTING, t representative citizen and good, prac-tical farmer of Grand Chute township, Outagamie county, who, isengaged in general farming and dairying, was born in Troy, NewYork, April 15, 1854, and is a son of Charles and Katharine (Neff)Kesting, the former of whom was born in Wittenberg, Germany,March 14, 1826, and the latter at the same place, July 27, 1827.Charles Kesting followed the trade of shoemaker in Germany untilcoming to the United States in 1851, and after locating at Troy, New,York, continued that business for about three years. At the end ofthis time he came to Appleton, Wisconsin, where he followed histrade for about five years, and then bought a farm in Center town-ship, which was partly cleared. After three years he sold his landand moved into the .city of Appleton for one year, but eventuallywent back to farming, purchasing the farm which is now beingoperated by Charles H. Kesting, and there he 'continued to liveuntil his death in 1897. His widow, who survives him, makes her
604 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
home with her son. They had a family of seven children, as fol-lows: Charles H., two who died in infancy, Rosa, who marriedHenry Ebner, a resident of Michigan; Mary, iwho married Dell Col-lar, residing in Hortonville; Lottie, the wife of Charles Palmer.of Elcho, Wisconsin, and Clara, who is deceased.
Charles H. Kesting attended the schools of Appleton, andworked on the home farm for his father until his marriage, at whichtime he bought the old homestead, on which he has operated eversince. He has eighty acres in a high state of cultivation, and iscarrying on general farming and dairying. Mr. Kesting was mar-ried August 17, 1885, to Ida Beckenstrader, who was born in Apple-ton, October 31, 1862, daughter of Joseph and Frederica (Zinn)Beckenstrader, natives of Germany, where they were born in 1826and 1839, respectively. On locating in Appleton, Mr. Beckenstrader followed the trade of cabinetmaker for several years, and thenbought a farm in Osborn township, which he continued to operateuntil his death in 1902, after which his wvidow moved to Appleton,where she still resides. They were the parents of seven children: Mrs.Kesting, Olga, Arthur, Laura and Bertha, who are all deceased,except the first named; Herman, who is residing in the State ofMaryland, and Hattie, 'who married Daniel Van Oyen, of Appleton.Mr. and Mrs. Kesting have had five children: Adella, born August 9,1886; Fred, born December 9, 18'88; Herman, born April 21, 1893;Leo, born January 26, 1896, and Lillie, born May 15, 1902. Mr.Kesting is not connected with any religious organization. In polit-ical matters he is a, Republican.
CHARLES CLACK,, a prominent citizen of Appleton, Wisconsin,who is engaged in the produce business, is one of Outagamie county'slarge land owners, and has also been identified with the public in-terests of his section for many years. Mr. Clack was born in Ox-fordshire, England, February 18, 1857, and is a son of Charles andAdelaide (Wilkins) Clack, the latter of whom died in England.The father came to America in 1867, bringing his son Charles withhim, and located at Barnett, Dodge cbunty, Wisconsin. Being ashoemaker by trade he followed that occupation for about threeyears, and then bought a 'farm near Barnett Junction, which he con-tinued to operate until his death, which occurred in 1899. He andhis wife were the parents of seven children, all of whom are living:Mary Ann, the widow of Herbert Kellam, residing near the homeof her brother Charles; Elizabeth, who married a Mr. Frank, re-siding in London, England; Charles; Hannah, who married JamesH. Peachey, a resident of Barnett; Adelaide, the wife of A. A. Mar-tin, residing just adjoining Mr. Clack; Edward, who lives in Pitts-ville, Wood county, and Alice, who is single and resides at Barnett.Charles Clack attended the schools of his native place and the districtschool at Barnett, and was thirteen years of age when he beganworking out among the farmers of Dodge county for ten dollarsper month in the harvest field and at other kinds of farm labor.After about three years his father bought his farm near Barnett
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 605
Junction, and Mr. Clack went to work with him until he had at-tained his majority. During the following October he was marriedand rented a farm in Freedom township, on which he continued toreside for twenty-five years, although h h had bought land adjoiningthis which he also operated. He eventually became the owner of 344acres of land and continued toi live on that place until 1902, inwhich year he moved to Appleton. He continued to operate thisproperty until 1903 by means of hired help, and then sold some ofhis land, although he still owns 1421/2 acres in Grand Chute town-ship, which are being operated by his sons. He owns other land indifferent parts of the State, as well as valuable city property, in-cluding four residences in Appleton, one in Oshkosh, and one inKaukauna. On his Grand Chute township farm he specializes incabbage growing, and he is extensively engaged in the produce busi-ness in Appleton. Mr. Clark is now serving as treasurer of theCentral Mutual Hail and Cyclone Association of Appleton. In polit-ical matters he is independent, and he has served as chairman ofFreedom township for seven terms, as treasurer and clerk of theschool board for more than twenty years, and 'was elected a men-ber of the General Assembly from the Second District for one term.His religious connection is with the Congregational Church.
On November 18, 1878, Mr. Clark was married to Anna Bridge,.who was born July 4, 1854, at Galena, Illinois, daughter of Robertand Harriet (Heap) Bridge, natives of Lancashire, England. RobertBridge came to America during the early forties, but later returnedto England for his wife, and on their return they s6ttled near StoneBank, Waukesha county, Wisconsin, on a farm, but some years laterremoved to Galena, Illinois. Mr. Bridge was there engaged in themanufacture of brick for about three years and then removed toa farm, on which he carried on operations for twenty years, even tu-ally removing to Calumet county, and three years later to Freedomtownship, Outagamie county. After six years there, he retired andsettled in Appleton, where his wife died, and he subsequently wentto live with Mr. and Mrs. Clack, at whose home he died about 1904.Mrs. Clack was the only child of her parents. She and Mr. Clackhave had four children: Edith Adelaide, born October 16, 1880;John, born October 5, 1882; Ella E., born October 17, 1884; andRobert, born June 5, 1890, all single and residing at home. Mr.Clack is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows.
ROBERT RUSTON, one of the old and honored residents of Outa-gamie county, Wisconsin, who owns and operates a fine tract ofland in section 6, Seymour township, came to this section. at a veryearly day, and deserves more than passing mention for the part hetook in the development of this part of the state. M\r. Ruston is anative of England, born at Laynam, Nottinghamshire, June 26,1833, a son of Robert Wilson and Mary Maria (Knight) Ruston, anda grandson of Robert and Mary (Crawford) Ruston, of Lincoln,Lincolnshire. Both Mr. Ruston's father and grandfather were sailorsby occupation, the latter being lost at sea and the former dying
606 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
October 14, 1862, at the age of fifty-seven years. Mr. Ruston hadthese brothers and sisters: Wilson, William, John. Mary Ann, Elizaand Sarah.
Robert Ruston came to the United States in 1865 and first lo-cated at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where he remained until the railroadwas built through to, Seymour in 1872, when he drove through tothe latter place, bringing with him his baggage and a cow, whilehis wife and family 'made the trip by train. He had purchasedeighty acres of wild land in Seymour township, and here he built alog shanty, with boards laid on the sleepers for the stove, and otherfurniture 'consisting of a table, rude ichairs and a bed. He first startedto work in the woods, and during the next spring worked on theSeymour main road, which was then building, and' his first cropwas put in his land with an axe. Mr. Ruston can tell many interest-ing experiences of the early days of Seymour township, when hard-ships were many and conveniences none. He relates of a periodwhen the gnats and mosquitoes became so troublesome that returningfrom his work one day he was almost unable to recognize his familyon account of the severe bites of the little insects. Year after yearMr. Ruston worked untiringly, clearing the brush and timber fromhis land, digging out stumps and filling in mires, grading and plant-ing, erecting new buildings and building fences, and fin time he hadmade his property one of the valuable farms of Seymour township.On November 7, 1853, at Rotterham, Yorkshire, England, Mr. Rus-ton was married to Ann Kitson, who shared with him all the hard-ships and privations of pioneer days. She was born on April 18,1833, at Man, Yorkshire, England, a daughter of Robert and Frances(Autey) Kitson, whose other children were: George, Alfred, Wil-liam, Robert, James, Bessie, Mary, Annis, Abigail and Rachel.Mr. and Mrs. Ruston have had the following children: Robert, bornFebruary 13, 1858, died March 13, 1858; Mary Ann, born August4, 1859, married Louis Conklin May 24, 1885; Eliza, born April 20,1861, married Edward C. Weymouth November 16, 1887, and diedJune 15, 1895, leaving three children named Robert Edward, LillianOdetta and Frances; Maria, born March 15, 1863, married WilliamE. Lane July 26, 1888; William, born February 25, 1865; Louisa,born September 16, 1867, died September 28, 1868; Frances, bornDecember 25, 1870, died November 7, 1906; Bessie, born March 31,1873, married Samuel D. Westlake August 5, 1905, and Isabella,born August 29, 1875. Prior to coming to this -country, Mr. Rustonworked for twenty-one years in the iron works, first as underhandand later as a puddler. He helped to make the iron that entered intothe construction of the "Great Eastern," and at the Parkgate IronW\orks, Yorkshire, helped roll the first armor plate manufactured.Upon coming to this country Mr. Ruston studied the political condi-tions of the country with the result that he cast his first presidentialballot for General U. S. Grant in 1868, and has ever sin'ce been astanch advocate of Republican doctrines and the candidates of theRepublican party.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUN'TY 607
ANDREW GEHRKE, who has been a resident of Seymour town-ship for more than a quarter of a century, is one of the self-mademen of Outagamie county, having come to this section in humblecircumstances, and through sheer perseverance and industry hasworked his way to the front ranks of agriculturists of his section. Mr.Gehrke is a native of Germany, born August 11, 1847, a son ofChrist and Christina (Mannke) Gehrke, the former of whom diedin 1872, aged fifty-four years, and the latter in 1855, when thirty-seven years of age. They had three children: Margaret, Louisaand Andrew. Christ Gehrke was married a second time to GottliebeTemplin, by whom he had six children, namely: Afrizma, Caro-lina, Helena, Jacob, John and Fred.
Andrew Gehrke received his education in the schools of his na-tive country, after leaving which he learned the trade of tailor fromhis father, and followed that profession in Germany until 1871, inwhich year he was married to Caroline Schrul. They then came tothe United States, and for some time Mr. Gehrke followed his tradein Milwaukee, ,later'going to Menominee, Michigan, where he ob-tained employment in the sawmills. Here his wife died, leavinghim with children named: Charles, Bertha, Tina and August, ofwhom the latter three are now deceased, and Mr. Gehrke was marrieda second time to Tina Abraham. In 1886, Mr. Gehrke decided totry his fortune at farming, he having been unfortunate in other un-dertakings, and he accordingly purchased eighty acres of wild landin Seymour township. At this time he was very much discouraged,his business ventures having put him $800 in debt, but he settleddown to clear the land, and soon had it under cultivation and on apaying basis. Thus encouraged, he purchased another tract of eighty.acres, which he also cleared, and here built a frame house, a barn36x100 feet and a stable 30x60 feet. Later, Mr. Gehrke turnedthe managen ent of this place over to his son Charles, and: moved toa nearby tract, just beyond Seymour, on section 33, twenty acresbeing in Seymour township and one acre within the city limits.There were no buildings on this property, but Mr. Gehrke soonerected a seven-room house, and a barn 30x70 feet, with basementunder all, and here he carries on general gardening. The barn wasburned in 1910, but this he has since replaced. Mr. Gehrke is amember of the Lutheran Church. He takes a keen interest in publicquestions of the day, but he has never aspired to office.
GUSTAVE HENRY FEURIG, deceased, was born June 5, 1843, inJamaica, South America, a son of Rev. Gustave Rudolph Seigmundand Agnes Justina (Gruhl) Feurig, natives of Bethelsdorf, Saxony,Germany, whose other children were: Bertha, who died in a SouthAmerican mission; Oscar; Ernestina; and Emma, who married Wil-liam Michelstetter, president of the Seymour State Bank.
Gustave Henry Feurig secured his early education in Nieskey,Germany, where he learned the trade of .coppersniith at the factoryof his uncle, later becoming foreman. In this connection he trav-eled extensively in Germany and Russia, and in 1871 he came to
608 HISTORY OF OUTALGAMIE COUNTY
the United States, stopping first at either Egg Harbor or Hope, In-diana, from whence he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. He then wentto Watertown, Wisconsin, where his parents lived at that time, butshortly afterward went to Milhwaukee and added to his experienceby learning the tinner's trade, and in 1876 came to Seymour, wherehe engaged in the hardware business with William Michelstetter.There was also a branch store at Blackereek, Wisconsin, which wasconducted by another partner, Carl Trinkler, Twhose interests werepurchased in 1882, and in 1887 Mr. Feurig became sole proprietorof the business which he conducted until his death, March 12, 1907.Mr. Feurig was a stanch member of the Moravian- Church, and thefamily is still connected with that denomination, attending servicesat Green Bay.
Mr. Feurig was married October 1, 1876, to Carolina HenriettaOttilie Scheller, who was born ait Green Bay, Wisconsin, September8, 1857, daughter of Albert and Louisa (Moeller) Scheller, nativesof Thurenger, Germany, the former of whom came to, the UnitedStates in 1846 on a steamship, and the latter two years later in asailing vessel which took twelve weeks to accomplish the trip. Theywere married in Green Bay, August 28, 1851, and there Mr. Schellerestablished himself in the clothing business, which he continued tocarry on until his death, November 9, 1861, aged thirty-four years.His widow, who is still living and will be eighty-three years old,June, 1912, 'was a daughter of Henry Jones. and Margaret Chris-tina (Krause) Moeller, natives of Germany, who settled in GreenBay, Wisconsin, at an early day. Mr. Moeller was a cabinetmakerin his native country, but after coming to the United States he en-gaged in farming. He died in 1862.
Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Feurig, namely:Agnes Leola, born June 16, 1878, who married Don Carlos Clarke,proprietor of the Hotel Williams, Macom'b, Illinois; Gertrude Alma,born October 16, 1881, who married Halder Melvin Hansen, whodoes office work for the.Boston Montana. Smelter W.orks at GreatFalls, Montana, and they have one child, Melvin Feurig, born March8, 1909; Edna Amanda, bori March 2, 1885, 'who lives at home,and Claude M., born March 12, 1887.
FAYETTE L. FORWARD, senior lmember of the wholesale cheese,dairy products and cold: storage firm of F. L. Forward Company,at Seymour, Wisconsin, is a. native of the Empire State, havingbeen born March 20, 1852, in Lewis county, New York, a son ofFranklin and Eunice (Hall) Forward, and a grandson of FlavelForward, a native of Virginia, who died in 1860, at the ageof eighty-two years. Flavel Forward was twice married, having:by his first wife, Clarissa, a native of New York, the following chil-dren: Orville, Lucinda, Franklin, Louisa, Aaron and Jane. Frank-lin Forward was born March 11, 1817, in New York State, and inearly life became a school teacher, a profession which he followedfor many years, eventually becoming superintendent of countyschools. He engaged in farming during his latter years, and this
was his occupation at the time 'of his death, July 23, 1877. Mr.Forward married Eunice Hall, who was a native of Connecticut, andthey had but one child, Fayette L.
Fayette L. Forward received his early education in the conmmonschools of Lewis county, New York, and at the age of fourteen yearsentered the high school at Oswego, after leaving which he took acourse in the State normal school, graduating therefrom in 1870.He then engaged in commercial work until his father's death, atwhich time he engaged in farming and continued to carry on agri-cultural pursuits until the death of his first wife, Frances Babcock.a native of Oswego county, New York, and the daughter of PerryG. Babcock, a New York farmer. She passed away in 1884, at theage of thirty-two years, and at this time Mr. Forward became acommercial traveler, continuing as such until coming to Seymour.March 28, 1888. 'During that year he was married (second) toAmanda Ryal, who was born March 8, 1853, in Lewis county, NewYork, a daughter of Leonard and Jane Alexander, farming peopleof New York. Mr. Forward first embarked in the mercantile busi-ness at Seymour, Wisconsin, under the firm'name of Muehl & For-ward, but after two years sold out his interest and began to estab-lish his present business, which has become one of the largest busi-ness industries in the city. A branch house was established at Pu-laski in 1906 to assist in taking care of the business which now em-braces a portion of Outagamie, Shawano, Brown and Oconto couin-ties, the year of 1910 being one of the most successful in the longterm of years, when 2,000,000 pounds of cheese were handled, valuedat $300,000.
The firm of F. L. Forward Company have also been engagedin the coal business in Seymour for eighteen years.
Mr. Forward is a Republican in national political views, buttakes a non-partisan stand in city affairs. He has been assessor forthree years, served as a member of the Republican County Commit-tee for two years, and for six consecutive years served in the officeof mayor. He has always identified himself with those movementswhich he has believed would be of benefit to his adopted city, and heis looked upon as one of Seymour's public-spirited and progressivecitizens.
BERNARD J. ZUJEHLKE, register of deeds at Appleton, Wiscon-sin, for the past fifteen years, and 'a well known citizen and popularpublic official, was born in Hortonia, township, Outagamie county.Wisconsin, January 1, 1867, a son of Julius and Augusta (Schmidt)Zuehlke, natives of Germany, who came to the United States in1855 and settled in Hortonia township. Julius Zuehlke was a sol-dier in the Union army during the Civil war., was the operator of agrist mill for many years, and served as register of deeds from 1880until 1887. He and his wife had a family of seven children, asfollows: Bernard J.; Otto, residing in Appleton; Martha, who mar-ried Augustus Scherk, of Montana; August and Arthur, residing inMontana; Alma, who married Paul Noies, a resident of Appleton.
610 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
and Alma, who died at the age of four years. Bernard J. Zuehlke.received his education in the public schools, and his first employ-ment was as a clerk under his father. Later he learned the tele-graph business, and during the next eight years was employed by theSt. Paul and. Northwestern Railroads. In 1894 he became deputyregister of deeds under D. A. Kenyon, serving in that position twoyears and then being elected to the office of register, which he hasheld to the present time, the longest continuous incumbency of thatoffice since its establishment. His services have been of undoubtedvalue to the city, for the advancement of which in all respects hehas an earnest desire, and his earnest and conscientious work in dis-charging the duties of his office have won him not only the supportbut the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens. Mr. Zuehlke is aRepublican in politics, and is fraternally connected with the Knightsof Pythias, the Eagles and the Elks, in addition to being a popularmember of the Harmony Club. He is interested in the RiversideGreenhouse. With his family he is a consistent attendant of theLutheran Church.
On September 30, 1893, Mr. Zuehlke was united in marriagewith Miss Margaret Heiss, of Appleton, daughter of Thomas andMargaret Heiss, and to this union there were born eight children,of whom five survive: Flora, Mildred, Grace, Margaret and Eileen,of whom Miss Flora is attending high slchool, while the others arestudents in the graded schools'of Appleton.
WILLIAM WOLF, who is discharging the duties connected withthe office of county clerk of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, is one ofthe popular public officials 'of this county, and a highly esteemedcitizen of Appleton. Mr. Wolf is a native of Outagamie county,having been born in Black Creek township, May 5, 1875, and isa, son of Peter and Emeline (Barton) Wolf. George Wolf, thegrandfather of William, founded the family in the United States inlthe early '40s, when he came from Germany and settled in Wash-ington county, Wisconsin. There Peter Wolf was born in 1852,and at the age of eighteen years came to Outagamie county andbought wild land with his brother Valentine, the two brothers con-tinuing to improve and farm this property up .to the time of theirdeaths. Peter Wolf died in 1895, his widow surviving him ten years,and they had a family of eight children, of 'whom two are now de-ceased. William Wolf secured his education in the public schools,and his boyhood and youth were spent on the home farm with hisfather, he continuing with him until his death. Ie has always beenclosely identified with public matters in Outagamie county, andwas elected to the office of treasurer of Black Creek township, aposition he held for seven years. He served as chairman of thetownship board for six years, during which time he was a memberof the building committee that erected the Outagamie County Asy-lum for the Insane, was school clerk for fifteen years and assessortwo years, and in 1910 was elected to the office of county clerk for aterm of two years. The, high esteem in which Mr. Wolf is held
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 611
by his fellow citizens has been proven by his popularity at the polls,due to the efficient manner in which he has filled every requirementin any of the positions which he has been called upon to accept, andto the fact that his county's interests and those of his township arealways placed in advance of his own. Mr. Wolf's fraternal connec-tions are with the Woodmen, the E. F. U., the Eagles and the Orderof the Moose and Elks.
Fox RIVER PAPER COMPANY, one of the old established indus-tries of Appleton, Wisconsin, has grown steadily since 1882, when it,was founded by W. G. and J. H. Wharton, S. K. Wambold andCaptain G. W. Spalding, and is rated one of the leading paper man-ufacturing companies of Northern Wisconsin. The first mill builtby the company, known as the "Ravine" mill, employed about eightymen and had an output of about four tons of paper daily, but thiswas soon found to be inadequate for the demand, and in 1887 themill was enlarged and the "Lincoln" mill was built, the capacitythus being increased to twelve tons per day. In 1893 the Fox Rivermill was erected, with a large rag room, and the capacity is nowabout twenty-five tons per day, 375 people being employed. Writ-ing paper is produced exclusively, and the company's product ismarketed all over the world, the output being about $1,000,000 an-nually. The plant has a floor space of five and seven-eighths acres,and modern equipment and machinery are installed throughout,power therefore being obtained from the Fox River, the companyowning about three-sevenths of the flow of the Fox River at thislevel. This is sufficient to operate the machinery under normal con-ditions, but in case of emergency the company has steam power tothe extent of 2,000 horsepower. W. D. Wharton is president ofthe company, and Hiram (G. Freeman is treasurer and manager.Mr. Freeman has been indirectly and directly connected with thefirm since it was first established, and in 1884 he was elected to theposition of secretary, acting in that capacity until January 1, 1899,when he was made manager and treasurer. He is a native of Con-cord, New I-ampshire, born January 3, 1844, a son of Rev. Hiramand Adaline (Guernsey) Freeman, natives of Vermont. He re-ceived his education in the various towns to which his father's call-ing brought him, and attended Ripon .College until he was fifteenyears old, at which time he began clerking in a store at Ripon,and later was employed at Oshkosh and other places. He saw serviceduring the Civil War as a member of Company B, Forty-first Wis-consin Volunteers, with which he was connected from May, 1864,until the following September, when the regiment was mustered outof the service, and Mr. Freeman returned to Appleton. He resumedclerking, and in 1867 went to Green Bay, where he had secured theposition of bookkeeper for the First National Bank, and three yearslater accepted the position of cashier for the City National Bank ofGreen Bay, and from there went to Kellogg's National Bank, Jan-uary 1, 1874. In 1881 he came to Appleton and accepted the p9si-tion of cashier with the newly-organized Commercial National Bank,
612 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
a position which he held until 1899. On November 20, 1886, Mr.Freeman was united in marriage with Miss Susie W. Smith, andone child, Angeline Smith, has been born to this union. Mr. Free-man is a Republican in his political beliefs, and is widely knownand highly respected in Appleton.
PROFESSOR PAUL G. W. KELLER, one of the best known educa-tors of Outagamie county, Wisconsin, who has gained a wide reputa-tion for his; progressive ideas, was born at Helenville, Jeffersoncounty, Wisconsin, in 1876, a son of John L. and Sophia (Smith)Keller, and a grandson of Bernhard Keller, who came to Americafrom Germany in 1845 and: spent his life in agricultural pursuits.John L. Keller, who was born in 1851, was a student of WatertownUniversity, and for a number of years a merchant in Wisconsin,and now makes his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He and hiswife had four sons: Paul G. W.; Oscar, a business man of St. Paul,Minnesota, where he is a member of the city council; Grover, whois studying medicine; and Hugo, in business in St. Paul. Paul G.W. Keller secured his early educational training in the GermanParochial school, and in 1894 was graduated from the Lake MillsHigh school, and after teaching for two years, entered the MilwaukeeNormal school, from which he was graduated in 1898. He wasthen assistant in the New London High school for lone year, afterwhich he entered the University of Chicago, graduating with thedegree of S. B. in 1901. He then returned to New London assuperintendent of schools for one year and in 1902 went to Mani-towoc, Wisconsin,. where he remained seven years as supervisingprincipal, and during the fall of 1909 came to Appleton to acceptthe principalship of Appleton High school. He has continued toact in this capacity, and during his stay here has put the Domesti(Science department on a full credit basis; has introduced a physicalculture department in all its branches, including medical examina-tion of all the students, and he is also introducing the innovationof recreation and social features. He is very popular with studentsand professors alike, and his standing in his profession is high.Professor Keller was elected to the exclusive Phi Beta Kappa Societywhile at the University of Chicago, a society organized December 5,1776, at Williams & Marys College, membership therein being basedon scholarship attainments.
In 1902, Professor Keller was united in marriage with MaryHanson, at New London, she being a daughter of William H-anson,a business man of that place. Two children have been born to thisunion: Paul and Helene.
JOIHN G. MORGAN, deceased, who for more than thirty yearswas one of the influential citizens and prominent business men ofAppleton, Wisconsin, was born in Andover, Vermont, in 1820, anddied in Appleton in 1898. Mr. Morgan's early life 'was spent in theEast.
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 613
Upon coming West in 1866 he became a member of the firmof Ketchum & Morgan, in which he remained until the death ofMr. Ketchum. This business 'was later organized as the AppletonMachine Company. Mr. Morgan iwas affiliated with this companyup to the time of his death. He was active in the ranks of theRepublican party in whatever section he was located, but was neverin any sense an office-seeker. He was prominent in fraternal circles,being a well known Odd Fellow, and in every walk of life distin-guished himself by the display of admirable traits of character.
Mr. Morgan was 'married to Mary J. White, a native of Canadaand a faithful member of the Methodist Church, and two childrenwere born to this union: Alice, who is residing at Stevens Point,the widow of Alexander Slothower; and Carrie E., a graduate ofthe University of Wisconsin, who after teaching school for a timein Neenah, Wisconsin, became superintendent of the Appleton cityschools, a position which she has filled very efficientlv during tbhpast sixteen years. During the year 1905 Miss Morgan, who is wellknown in social circles of Appleton, took a trip through Europe forinstruction and pleasure.
VICTOR F. MARSHALL, M. D., president of the OutaganiieCounty Medical Society, who is engaged in a large practice in thecity of Appleton, was born at De Pere, Wisconsin, August 4, 1873,a son of Simon and Rose (Strause) Marshall, natives of Germany.Simon Marshall came to the United States at the age of twenty-oneyears, and after a short period spent in the East came to Wisconsin,settling in DePere, where he became a merchant. In 1890 he cameto Appleton and engaged in the grain, seed, flour and wool business,and he is still carrying on activities in that line. He was marriedin Wisconsin to Rose Strause, who died in December, 1907, andthey had a family of six children, as follows: Bettie, who died atthe age of twenty-one years,; Samuel G., a partner in the MarshallPaper Company; Louis J., engaged in the same business; Victor F.;Harry, with the Marshall Paper Company; and Irene, who marriedM. F. Levy, a resident of Chicago. Victor F. Marshall attendedthe public schools of DePere, Wisconsin, graduating from the HighSchool there in 1891, and immediately thereafter entered the Uni-versity of Wisconsin, from which he graduated in 1895. He studiedmedicine in the University of Chicago, and after graduation inMay, 1898, was for one year an interne. He opened an office inAppleton on January 15, 1899, and here by his courteous manner,sympathetic nature and acknowledged ability he has succeededin building up an enviable practice. The doctor gives a greatdeal of attention to surgical work, and in this line has beenespecially successful, having spent six months abroad in post-gradu-ate work during 1908. He is one of the house surgeons of Eliza-beth's Hospital, and is connected with the National, State and Countysocieties, being president of the latter organization. Fraternally, heis connected with the Masons, the Elks and the Knights of Pythias.
614 HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY
On March 6, 1899, Dr. Marshall was married to Fannie Levy,of Chicago, daughter of W. Levy, and they have had one son, Wal-lace Sydney, aged seven years.
MANLY JAY SANDBORN, M.. D., a leading member of the Outa-gamie county medical profession, whose chosen field of practice is thecity of Appleton, has been prominently identified with various move-ments for the advancement of his profession in this section for anumber of years. He was born July 25, 1869, in Freedom town-ship, Outagamie county, Wisconsin, a son of L. L. and Mary (Gur-nee) Sandborn, natives of New York who came to Wisconsin in1855 and settled in Outagamie county. Mr. Sandborn was a soldierduring the Civil War and after his service to his country was com-pleted he engaged in farming, although a carpenter by trade. Henow resides in Appleton, his wife having died in 189;5, in the faithof the Methodist Church, of which he is also a member. Twochildren were born to them: Dr. Manly Jay; and Lloyd Earl, whodied in the fall of 1893. Manly Jay Sandborn received his pre-liminary education in the public and high schools, and in 1892graduated from Lawrence University and in 1896 from Northwest-ern University. He immediately embarked in practice in Appletol,where he continued for three years, and then went to Colorado fora like period, but subsequently returned to Appleton, where lie hasbuilt up a good practice and enjoys the esteem and confidence ofthe people to a large degree. He is a member of the National, Stateand County medical societies, and has been secretary of the l atierfor seven years and president for one term; is connected with theMasons, the E. F. U. and the WToodmen, and is commander of thelocal post of Sons -of Veterans. IHe votes independently, and he andMrs. Sandborn are faithful members and liberal supporters of theMethodist Church.
In 1896 Dr. Sandborn was united in marriage with Miss FloraThomnpson, of Appleton, daughter of Wilber and Ellen Thompson,early settlers of this county, and to this union there have been borntwo children: Ruth and Lloyd.
HENRY W. ABRAHAM, M. D., president of the Fox River ValleyMedical Society, and one of the leading members of the Outagamiecounty medical profession, is engaged in a general practice in Apple-ton with office at No. 572 Oneida street. Dr. Abraham is a nativeof Germany, born August 1, 1866, a son of William and HannahAbraham, who came from the Fatherland in 1870 and settled inWausau, Wisconsin. William Abraham, who has been a soldier inthe German army, was a brickmaker by trade and had a plant inWTausau, where he died in 1891, his widow surviving until 1898.They had a family of six daughters and three sons, of whom oneis deceased. Henry W. Abraham' attended the public schools ofWausau, and in 1891 graduated from Lawrence College. After oneyear spent in Vienna he began to read medicine and then enteredRush Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1898;- He
HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY 615
immediately came to Appleton, where he engaged in a general prac-tice, and here he has continued to the present time. He is a memberof the W:isconsin State Board' of Medical Examiners and holdsmembership in the County, State and National medical organiza-tions, is president of the Fox River Valley Medical Society, is con-nected with the Theta Phi college fraternity, and is also a memberof the 'Masons. Dr. Albraham is possessed of a kind, sympatheticnature, and the natural taste for the various branches of the medicalprofession that makes the ideal physician. He has built up a largeand lucrative practice among the leading residents of Appleton,and has a host of friends both in and out of his profession. Dr.Abraham in politics is an independent voter, recognizing no partylines. He and Mrs. Abrahams are members of the CongregationalChurch.
In 1899 Dr. Abraham was united in marriage with Nellie Bas-sett, of Berlin, Wisconsin, a graduate of Lawrence College, and tothis union there has been born 'one daughter, Margaret, aged eightyears.
FRANK PUTHE one of the best known live stock raisers in GrandChute township, who is also engaged in farming, is the owner of afine tract of 100 acres, and for a long period has been prominentlyidentified with the agricultural interests of Outagamie county. Hewas born in the Third Ward, New London, Waupaca county, Wis-consin, April 2, 1859, a son of Nicholas and Eva (Mettlach) Puth.the former born about 1825 in Cobelantz, Prussia, Germany, andthe latter July 7, 1835, in Treier, Prussia. Nicholas Puth was inyoung manhood engaged as a boatman on the Rhine until he cameto America at the age of nineteen years. For the six years followinghe was a sailor on the Great Lakes, and later spent several seasonsin rafting orP the Wisconsin River, after which he located in NewLondon. He worked for about three years at the boom at HalesMill, on Wolf River, at the end of which time he exchanged hisproperty for eighty acres of farming land in Dale township, whichhe continued to operate until 1909, and since that time he has beenliving at the home of his eldest daughter, in Ashland. In February,1865, he enlisted in a company of Wisconsin Volunteers, underCaptain Youngs, and served until the close of the war. Mrs. Puthdied January 9, 1909. They were the parents of seven children, asfollows: Frank; John P., a farmer of Adrian, North Dakota; Katha-rine, widow of Joseph St. Lawrent, of Ashland; Johanah, wife ofMichael Anderson, a farmer of Adrian, North Dakota; Lucy, wifeof Jasper Jourdan, of Adrian, North Dakota; Nicholas, who residesin the West; and Mary, wife of Warner Truesdell, a grain and lumberdealer of Wright, Minnesota.
Frank Puth attended school in Dale township, and made hishome with his parents until he. was twenty-five years of age, althoughduring this time he spent some years in the woods and with thresh-ing machine outfits. He then wenti West, where he operated, awell-drilling machine in Michigan, Minnesota and the Dakotas, and
