HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of ... Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of...

EXPECTATIONSHM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary

Criteria for assessing the treatment of and conditions fordetainees in police custody

FOR POLICE CUSTODY

Version 2, 2012

HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary

EXPECTATIONSFOR POLICE CUSTODY

Criteria for assessing the treatment of and conditions for detainees in police custody

Version 2, 2012

HMIP and HMIC: Expectations Version 2, 2012


Contents

Introduction

Section 1: Strategy

Section 2: Treatment and conditionsRespectSafetyPhysical conditionsDetainee care

Section 3: Individual rightsRights relating to detentionRights relating to PACERights relating to treatment

Section 4: Health careGovernancePatient careSubstance useMental health

AnnexList of abbreviations



EXPECTATIONS

Introduction

Intr

oduc

tion


Introduction

In 2008 HM Inspectorate of Prisons and HM Inspectorate of Constabulary began a programme of joint inspections of police custody suites in England and Wales. These inspections form part of a wider programme of joint work by criminal justice inspectorates and contribute to the United Kingdom’s compliance with its international obligations to ensure regular independent inspection of all places of custody.1

The programme of police custody inspections is based on a mixture of chronology and risk assessment. Inspections take place at a minimum every six years, with a risk-based approach used to decide the chronology of inspections and which forces will receive earlier, unannounced follow-up visits. Most inspections are completed within one week, but they may take longer if more custody suites are involved.

When inspecting police custody suites, inspectors use detailed criteria, or Expectations, to assess the treatment and conditions of those detained in police custody. These Expectations also offer a guide to senior police officers and police authorities as to the standards that the two Inspectorates expect to find in these settings and the sources of information and evidence upon which they will rely.

Expectations are informed by, and referenced against, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) codes (1984), Home Office guidance on the safe detention and handling of persons in custody (2006) and international human rights norms. They are also based on the experience of the two inspectorates over many years and the contributions of a wide range of organisations, including the Association of Police Authorities, the Independent Custody Visitors Association, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Police Superintendents Association, the Police Federation, the National Police Improvement Agency, the Home Office, Inquest, the Care Quality Commission and representatives of forensic medical examiners.

Police expectations are grouped under four inspection areas:

• strategy

• treatmentandconditions

• individualrights

• healthcare

Each expectation has a set of indicators which provide evidence to help judge whether the expectation has been achieved. A further list of evidence sources offers guidance as to how the evidence can be gathered. References under each expectation link them to the relevant international and national legislation and guidance.

1 Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment.



EXPECTATIONS

Section 1: strategy

Sect

ion

1: s

trat

egy


Strategy

There is a strategic focus on custody that drives the development and application of custody-specific policies and procedures to protect the wellbeing of detainees.

Expectations

1. There is a strategic focus, supported by the Chief Officer group, which promotes the safe and decent delivery of custody.

Indicators References

• Thereisapolicyfocusoncustodyissuesatachiefofficerlevel.

• Thereisaneffectivemanagementstructurethatensures:- appropriatepoliciesandproceduresforcustodyarein

placeandfullyimplemented- custodydeliveryisproactivelymonitoredagainstagreed

standardsandperformancemeasures- useofforce,adverseincidentsandcomplaintsare

proactivelymonitoredlocallyandatforce-widelevel- therearepartnershiparrangementsandconstructive

engagement,includingatLocalCriminalJusticeBoardlevel.

Evidence

Chief officer• Askifthepolicyfocusincludes:

- developingandmaintainingthecustodyestate- staffingofcustodysuiteswithtrainedstaff- managingtherisksofcustody- meetingthementalandphysicalhealthandwellbeing

needsofdetainees- meetingthediverseneedsofdetainees–including

vulnerableadultsandsafeguardingchildren- workingeffectivelywithcommissionersandprovidersof

healthservices,immigrationservices,youthoffendingservices,criminaljusticeteams,CrownProsecutionService(CPS),courtsandotherlawenforcementagencies.

BOP1,5,29,36(2);BPUF1,18–20,22;CCLEO2;CRC3;ICCPR10(1);JDL85;OPCAT4;RTWP56;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.7

Section 1: strategy


• Ask:- abouttheoversightofthePoliceAuthority,independent

custodyvisitors(ICVs)andothermechanisms–howeffectiveandproactiveisit?

- whatqualityassuranceproceduresareinplace- whattheproceduresareformonitoringtheuseofforce,

andwhetheruseofforceismonitoredbydiversity,locationandtheofficerinvolved.

DocumentationCheck:• theminutesofcustodymanagermeetings• thenumbersofstaff,genderbalance,training,development

andsuccessionplanning• theavailabilityofmanagementinformationontrendsand

patterns• custodyrecordsforqualityassuranceandscrutiny.


EXPECTATIONS

Section 2: treatment and conditions

Sect

ion

2: t

reat

men

t an

d co

ndit

ions


Treatment and conditions

Detainees are held in a clean and decent environment in which their safety is protected and their multiple and diverse needs are met.

Expectations – Respect

2. Detainees are treated with respect and their diverse needs, while in custody, are met.


• Thediverseneedsofdetaineesaremet.Thisincludesthespecificneedsof:- women- blackandminorityethnicdetainees- foreignnationals- thosewithdisabilities- immigrationdetainees- thosewithreligiousneeds- olderdetainees- detaineesofallsexualities- transgenderdetainees- thosewithdependencyneeds- thosewithobviousvulnerabilities.

• Allcustodystaffrecogniseandunderstandthedistinctneedsofchildrenandtreatthemaccordingly.

Evidence

Custody officer and staffAskstafftodescribetheirinteractionwithdetainees.Specifically,ask:• howthediverseneedsofdetaineesareidentifiedand

assessed• howtheyaddressthediverseneedsoftheirdetainees,

forinstanceiftheyunderstandthedifferentialimpactofdetentiononwomen

• whattraining,includingchildprotectionawareness,theyhavehadandwhatskillstheyhavetodealwithdetainees’diverseneeds

Beijing10.3,12;BOP1,5,36(2);CCLEO2;CEDAW2;CERD2;CRC3,37,40;CRPD4;DEDRB2;DHRIN5;DRM4;ECHR8;ICCPR2,3,10(1);JDL1,85;POP17;RTWP56;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3(b)Detainedpersons–specialgroups



• whetherallcustodyandhealthcarestaff,includingagencystaff,havebeenvettedtoworkwithvulnerablegroups,includingchildren

• howtheyensurechildrenarekeptseparatefromthosewhomightposearisktothem

• whetherallgirlsundertheageof18remaininthecareofawomanduringdetentionasrequiredundersection31oftheChildrenandYoungPersonsAct1933

• howandwhytheymakereferralstoyouthoffendingteams.

Documentation• Checkcustodyrecordsforevidencethatthediverseneeds

ofdetaineesarecorrectlyidentifiedandcateredfor.Forinstance,aresearchingproceduressensitivetogender,age,differentreligions,etc?Specifically,check:- children’scustodyrecordsforrecognitionoftheir

distinctiveneeds- therecordingofanychildprotectionconcerns.

• Check:- thatchildrenarenotheldovernightwithoutgoodreason- thatthereareeffectivejointarrangementsinplacewhich

covertheprovisionandaccessibilityofbothsecureandnon-secureaccommodationforthosechildrenwhohavebeenchargedwithanoffenceandhadbailrefusedbypolice

- thatlegalrequirementsarebeingmetinrespectofchildrenwhohavebeenchargedwithanoffenceandhadbailrefused.

ObservationCheck:• howstafftalktoandaboutdetaineesintheircare• thatarrangementsatthebookingindeskallowsufficient

privacytodiscloseanyvulnerabilitiesorforconfidentialinformationtobepassedontocustodyofficers

• thatreasonableadjustmentshavebeenmadeinlinewiththeEqualityAct2010.

Detainees• Askiftheyfeeltheyhavebeentreatedrespectfullybystaff.• Askabouttheirdiverseneedsandwhethertheyfeelthese

havebeenmet.



Expectations – Safety

3. Custody staff are competent to assess and manage risks presented by detainees.


• Staffreceiveinitialandrefreshertraininginriskassessmentprocedures.

• Staffhaveaknowledgeandunderstandingofself-harmandhowtomanageit.

• Staffhaveaknowledgeandunderstandingofdetainees’risktoothersandhowtomanageit.

• Riskmanagementplansareproportionateandaredevelopedandrevieweddynamically.

Evidence

Custody officer and staff Ask:• aboutthenormalprocedureforassessingtheriskdetainees

posetothemselvesand/orothers• whathappensifadetaineeisunwillingorunableto

cooperatewiththeriskassessment• howhighnumbersofdetaineescomingintocustodyatpeak

timesaremanaged• whetherstaffalertthemiftheyarebringingaviolent

detaineeintothecustodysuiteandwhatarrangementsaremade

• whatthearrangementsareformonitoringthoseassessedasarisk

• whetherstaffunderstandtheimportanceofregularmonitoringandrousing

• whetherstaffcarrykeystocellsandligatureknivesatalltimes

• ifcellsarecheckedthoroughlyforanyunauthoriseditemsbetweenuse

• ifprisoners’escortrecordformsarecompletedforalldetaineestobetransported,bywhomandwhatinformationispassedontoescortingstaffaboutthoseconsideredarisktothemselves.

BOP1,36(2);CCLEO6;ECHR2;ICCPR6,10(1);JDL85;UDHR3;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.6–3.10and8.1;SDHPSection2



DocumentationCheck:• thepolicyoncellsharing.Iscellsharingonlyauthorisedin

exceptionalcircumstancesandonthebasisofathoroughriskassessment?

• asampleofriskassessments.

ObservationObserve:• assessmentproceduresonreception• whetheractualchecksarecarriedoutatthecells• whethertheCCTVisworking,whetheritrecordsandhow

longtherecordingsarekept• staffhandoversforthesharingofriskinformation• cellsandwhethertheyarecheckedbystaffforany

unauthoriseditemsbetweenoccupants• theskillsandcompetenceofstaff• thatdetainees’offencedetailsarenotondisplayforothers

tosee.

DetaineesAskthoseidentifiedasatriskwhatlevelofattentiontheyhavereceivedfromcustodystaff.

4. Pre-release risk management planning for detainees is conducted to ensure they are released safely.


• Formalproceduresareinplaceforpre-releaseriskassessmentthatacknowledgeknownrisksandspecifyanyactionsneeded.

• Anyrelevantinformationaboutrisk,vulnerabilityorsafeguardingiscommunicatedtorelevantagencies.

Evidence

DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecordsforevidenceofpre-releaseriskmanagement

plans

BOP1;CCLEO2;CRC3;ECHR2;ICCPR10(1);UDHR3;SDHP8.3



• thatinformationaboutandthecontactdetailsforsupportorganisationsareprovidedandavailableinarangeoflanguages

• theprocessesforsafeguardingchildren,includingthoseaged17

• theprocessesforcommunicatingtorelevantpolicedepartmentsorexternalagenciesanyinformationaboutriskorvulnerability.

5. Any force used within a custody suite is proportionate and lawful.


• Whereforceisused,staffuseonlytechniquesinlinewithtrainingtheforcehasprovided,withnomoreforceandfornolongerthanisnecessary.

• Detaineesareexaminedbyanappropriatelyqualifiedhealthcareprofessionalifrequested,oriftherearehealthcareconcerns.

• Useofforcewithincustodysuites,includingtheuseofcontrolandrestraintequipment,isdocumentedwithintheindividualcustodyrecordandaseparate‘useofforce’formissubmittedinlinewithAssociationofChiefPoliceOfficers(ACPO)policy.

Evidence

Custody officer and staffAsk:• howtheydefineuseofforce• whatmethodsofrestrainttheythinkcanbeappropriately

appliedintheenclosedcustodialsetting:forexample,whatistheguidanceontheuseofincapacitantsprays,Tasers,etc?

• whatmethodsofde-escalationtheyusebeforeforceisapplied

• inwhatcircumstancestheywouldapplyforceandhowtheymakeadecisionaboutwhatlevelofforcetouse

• iftheconsequencesofandpotentialinjuriesresultingfromdifferentmethodsofforcearerecognisedandtakenintoaccount

BOP24;BPUF1,2,4–6,15,18–20,22;CCLEO3,6;ECHR3,8;SDHPsection4



• whatalternativeproceduresareappliedtothosewithaknownhealthproblem,childrenorwithwomenwhoareknowntobepregnant

• whattrainingtheyhavehadintheuseofforce,whenthisoccurredandwhethertheyhavehadanyrefreshertraining.

DocumentationCheck:• theuseofforceguidanceandwhetherconsiderationisgiven

totheuseofTasers,incapacitantsprays,handcuffs,limbrestraintsandemptyhandtechniques

• stafftrainingrecords• theuseofforceformandcustodyrecords.Lookforevidence

thatahealthexaminationtookplaceaftertheuseofforceincustody,ifappropriate,howquicklythedetaineewasseenaftertheuseofforceincidentandtheoutcomeoftheexamination.

ObservationCheckCCTVrecordings.

DetaineesAskdetaineesiftheyhavebeensubjecttotheuseofforceincustody.

Expectations – Physical conditions

6. Detainees are held in a custody suite that is clean, safe and in a good state of repair.


• Allcellsareequippedwithcallbellsystems,detaineesunderstandtheirpurposeandtheyarerespondedtopromptly.

• Therearegoodmaintenancearrangements.• Cellsarefreefromligaturepoints,ortheriskstheypresent

aremanaged.• Therearepracticesfortheuseofcellswithrestrictednatural

lightandfacilities.• Custodysuitestaffcansafelyevacuatedetaineesfromthe

custodysuiteintheeventofanemergency.

BOP1;CCLEO2;ECHR3,8;ICCPR10(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.2;SDHP7.10,12.1.5and15.4



Evidence

DocumentationCheck:• thecleaningcontractandschedules,andthepolicyon

clearingupspillsandgraffiti• stafftrainingrecords• thefrequencyoffireevacuationdrillsandtheirtype• contingencyplans• recordsdetailingthemaintenanceandtestingoffireand

smokedetection.

Custody officer and staffAsk:• howadecisionismadeaboutrequiredmaintenancework• whatthemaintenanceprocedureisandwhatimpactithas

onprovisionofcustody• whatexcesscustodycapacitytheforcehastoallowsuitesto

beshutsothatessentialmaintenancecanbecarriedout• whatfiresafetytrainingtheyhavereceived• howfrequentlyfireevacuationdrillsareheldandwhether

thesearejustdesktopexercisesoralsoincludeapracticeevacuation

• whentheforcelastcarriedoutacellsmoketestateachsite• whethercustodysuitescanbeevacuatedsafelyin

emergencies,takingintoaccountthephysicalsecurity,theneedforreadyaccesstokeysandthefacttheymayhavedetaineeswithdisabilities

• whattheywoulddointheeventofafire.

Observation• Checkholdingareas,cells,interviewanddetentionrooms

andshowers.• Observewhetherstaffcheckcellsbeforeandafter

occupancy.Ensurethatchecksandfindings/damagearerecorded.

• Listentowhatdetaineesaretoldaboutthecallbellswhentheyareplacedincellandhowunderstandingisensured,especiallyforthosewhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglishandthosewithadisability,suchashearingdifficultiesorlearningdisabilities.

• Checkthatcallbellsareconnectedandworking.



DetaineesAsk:• whattheyweretoldtheycouldusecallbellsforandifthey

understood• iftheyhaveusedtheircallbellandhowlongittookforstaff

torespond• iftheyfindtheircellsclean,safeandingoodrepair.

Expectations – Detainee care

7. Detainees are able to be clean and comfortable while in custody.


• Detaineesareprovidedwithamattress,pillowandcleanblankets.

• Hygienepacksforwomenareavailable,andareroutinelyofferedonarrivalandonrequest.

• Detaineesareabletouseatoiletinprivacy,andtoiletpaperandhandwashingfacilitiesareprovided.

• Detaineeswhorequireashowerareofferedtheopportunitytodoso.

• Detaineeswhoseclothingisseizedareprovidedwithsuitablealternativeclothing,assoonaspracticable.

• Changesofclothing,especiallyunderwear,arefacilitated.• Nicotinereplacementisprovidedbyahealthcare

professionaltodetaineesonrequestandtheyareinformedofthisonarrival.

Evidence

DetaineesAskiftheyneed/havereceivedthemeanstobecleanandcomfortablewhileincustody.

DocumentationCheck:• forthepolicyonmattressandpillowcleaningbetweenuses• theprotocolforbringinginclothes• custodyrecords.

BOP1,24;CCLEO2,6;ECHR3,8;ICCPR10(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.3,8.4,8.5;SDHP7.8.4,7.8.1and6.6.3



ObservationCheck:• thatthereissufficientprivacyforthoseusingintegral

sanitation• thattoiletpaperandhandwashingfacilitiesareprovidedin

cellwhereintegralsanitationexists• thatdetaineeswhorequireashowerareofferedthe

opportunitytodosoandaregivencleanandsuitabletowelsforthispurpose

• thatdetaineescanhaveashowerinprivate,andthearrangementsforwomenandchildren

• thatasupplyofappropriatealternativeclothingisavailable(notpapersuits)fordetaineesofdifferentgendersandage

• thatadequatesuppliesofcleanbeddingareavailable.

StaffAsk:• howdetaineesgetaccesstothetoiletifthereisnointegral

sanitation• ifthefacilitiesaresufficientforthenumberofdetainees

heldatanyonetime• ifhygienepacksareavailableandofferedtowomen• whenalternativeclothingwaslastused• iffamily/friendsareabletobringinitemsofclothingfora

detainee• whethernicotinereplacementisprovidedbyahealthcare

professionaltodetaineesonrequestandwhethertheyareinformedofthisonarrival.

Defence solicitorsAskwhethertheirclientsareeverreleasedinreplacementclothingandwhatformthistakes.

8. Detainees are offered sufficient food and drink.


• Detaineesareofferedfoodanddrinkatrecognisedmealtimes,andatothertimesthattakeintoaccountwhenthedetaineelasthadamealandonreasonablerequest.

BOP1;CCLEO2;ECHR9;



• Thereisasuitablerangeoffoodanddrinkavailable.• Foodanddrinkisofadequatenutritionalvalue.

Evidence

StaffAsk:• whendetaineesareofferedfoodand/ordrink• whattypeoffoodisofferedandhowthismeetsspecial,

includingclinical,dietsandreligiousrequirements• iffurtherfoodcanbesuppliedbyfriendsandfamily.

DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecords• foodhygienetrainingrecordsforstaffpreparingfood.

ObservationCheck:• whetherdetaineesareaskedatreceptionwhentheylasthad

ameal/drinkandofferedappropriaterefreshment• thatfoodispreparedinahygienicenvironment,thatmeets

religious,culturalandotherspecialdietaryrequirements• thatfoodishealthy,balancedandthereisenoughofit• thatatemperatureprobeisusedtoensurefoodisofthe

correcttemperatureatthepointofserving• thatdetaineeshaveaccesstodrinks.

DetaineesAsk:• whentheyhavebeenofferedsuitablefoodanddrinks• whattypeoffoodwasofferedandwhetherthiswas

sufficient.

ICCPR10(1);ICESCR11;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC8.6,8.9andguidancenote8B



9. Detainees are offered outside exercise, reading materials and, in the case of children or other vulnerable detainees and those held over 24 hours, the opportunity to have visits.


• Detaineeshaveaccesstoaperiodofoutsideexercise.• Theyareofferedsuitablereadingmaterial.• Visitsareallowed,especiallyforthoseheldformorethan24

hoursorthoseunder18yearsold.

Evidence

StaffAsk:• ifdetaineesareallowedaccesstoanexerciseareaand,ifso,

whenitwouldbeoffered,ifitissupervisedandwhatthebarriersaretoitsuse.Askwhatthearrangementsareformen,womenandchildren.

• ifvisitsareofferedandtowhom• ifparentsorcarersareabletovisitdetainees,especially

children,particularlyiftheyareheldovernight• whatreadingmaterialtheyprovidefordetaineesandhow

longafterarrivalitisoffered.Whatisprovidedforthosewithlearningdifficulties,forexamplematerialineasyreadformat,andforthosewhodonotspeakEnglish?

DocumentationCheckcustodyrecords.

ObservationCheck:• whetherthereisanoutdoorexercisearea,andwhetherit

appearstobeusedregularly• whetherreadingmaterialisavailableandofferedto

detainees• thevisitingfacilities.

Detainees Askiftheyhavebeenofferedanythingtoread/keepthemoccupied,andwhethertheyhavehadtheopportunityforoutsideexerciseorvisits.

BOP1,19,28;CCLEO2;CRC37(c);ICCPR10(1);JDL18;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC5.4andC8.7;SDHP7.5.1



EXPECTATIONS

Section 3: individual rights

Sect

ion

3: in

divi

dual

rig

hts


Individual rights

Detainees are informed of their legal rights on arrival and can freely exercise those rights while in custody.

Expectations – Rights relating to detention

10. Detention is appropriate, authorised and lasts no longer than is necessary.


• Inthecaseofimmigrationdetaineesalternativedisposalsareexpedited.

• Appropriategroundsfordetentionareestablished.• Alternativestocustodyareconsidered.• Policecustodyisnotusedasaplaceofsafetyforchildren

undersection46oftheChildrenAct1989.

Evidence

Custody officer Ask:• howtheydecidewhetherdetentionisappropriate• howtheyensuretheperiodofdetentioniskepttoa

minimum• whetherthereisregularcontactwithUKBAandwhether

thisiseffectiveinensuringprogressionoftheircases,withdetentionlastingnolongerthantwodays

• whetherpolicecustodyhasbeenusedasaplaceofsafetyinthelastsixmonthsandwhatarrangementsareinplacetopreventthisfromhappeningagain.

Documentation Checkcustodyrecordsfor:• thereasonsforinitialdetention• thesubsequentreviewsofdetentionbeforechargebyan

inspectorandextensionsbyasuperintendentormagistrate• thenumberoftimesauthorityfordetentionoranextension

ofdetentionhasbeengiven/refused.

DocumentationCheckthatdetailsandmanagementinformationarekeptinrespectofSection46ChildrenAct1989detainees.

BOP2,4,9,11,37;CRC37(b);ECHR5;ICCPR9;JDL2,17;UDHR3,9



11. Those under the age of 18 and vulnerable adults are not interviewed without a relative, guardian or appropriate adult present.


• Appropriateadult(AA)schemesareinplaceandused.• Relativesorguardianssuitablefortheroleareused.

Evidence

Custody officer Ask:• howtheymakeadecisionaboutwhowouldactasanAA• whatthearrangementsareforprovidinganAA.

Documentation Checkcustodyrecordsfor:• thetimetakentocallanAA• thereasonforanydelays• thetimeofarrivalofanAA.

ObservationCheckthebookinginproceduresandtheidentificationofthoserequiringanAA.

Detainees CheckiftheymayrequireanAAandifonewassupplied.

BOP1,5(2);CRC3,37(c),40;ICCPR10(1);JDL18

12. Detainees who have difficulty communicating are provided for.


• Telephoneandfacetofacetranslationservicesareprovidedpromptly.

• Informationisinarangeofformats.

BOP1,14,16(3);CCLEO2;CRC40(2)(b)(vi);

cont.



Evidence

Staff Ask:• iftranslationservicesareavailable,whentheywouldbeused

andbywhom• whatarrangementsareinplaceforthosewithlearning

difficulties/disabilities• whatothercommunicationformatsandaidsareavailablefor

thosewhoneedthem.

Documentation Checktheuseoftelephoneinterpretationservices.

ObservationCheck:• thatinformationisavailableindifferentlanguagesand

formats• whataidsareinplaceforthosewhorequirethem,for

examplehearingloops,etc.• ifwritteninformationisineasyreadformat.

DetaineesCheckiftheyrequireanyhelpwithcommunicationandifanywassupplied.

Expectations – Rights relating to PACE

CRPD13;DRM4;ECHR5(2);ICCPR10(1);JDL6;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.12

13. All rights relating to PACE are adhered to.


• Alldetaineesareabletoconsultwithlegalrepresentativesinprivateforfree.

• Detaineeshavetimelylegalrepresentation.• Detainees,includingimmigrationdetainees,aretoldthat

theyareentitledtohavesomeoneconcernedfortheirwelfareinformedoftheirwhereabouts.

• AlldetaineescanconsultacopyofPACE.• Detaineesarenotinterviewedbypoliceofficerswhileunder

theinfluenceofalcoholordrugs,orifmedicallyunfit,unlessincircumstancesprovidedforunderPACE.

BOP1,10–13,16,17,21,23;BPRL1,5–8;ECHR5;ICCPR10(1);JDL18(a);

cont.



• Detaineesarenotdeliberatelydeniedanyservicestheyneedduringtheinterviewprocessandaregrantedaperiodofeighthourscontinuousbreakfrominterviewingina24-hourperiod.

• Detaineesortheirlegalrepresentativesareabletoobtainacopyoftheircustodyrecordonrelease,oratanytimewithin12monthsfollowingtheirdetention.

• Immigrationdetaineesspendnolongerinpolicecustodythanisnecessary.

Evidence

Documentation Check:• thatrequestsbydetaineesforlegaladvicearedealtwithand

managedinaccordancewithPACEandtheDefenceSolicitorCallCentre(DSCC)andCriminalDefenceService(CDS)directoperatingprocedures

• thatimmigrationdetaineeshaveaccesstosolicitorsorotherswhoareauthorisedbytheImmigrationandAsylumAct1999toprovidefreeimmigrationadviceandservices

• thatdetaineesareabletohaveaprivateconsultationwiththeirlegaladvisorfacetofaceorbyphoneinaccordancewiththearrangementsdescribedinPACE

• thatreasonsarerecordedifdetaineesdeclinetherighttospeaktoalegaladvisor

• thatdetaineesareabletohavealegaladvisorpresentwheninterviewedbypoliceofficers

• custodyrecordsforevidencethatPACEprocedureshavebeenfollowed,andforthelengthoftimethatelapsesbeforelegaladvisorsoradvocatesarrive

• custodyrecordstoseeifdetaineeshaverequestedtoconsultPACE

• custodyrecordsforevidencethatdetaineeshavebeeninformedoftheirrightsandentitlementsandthatanydelayinbeingabletoexercisethisentitlementisauthorisedatinspectorlevelorabove

• custodyrecordstoensuredetaineesarenotautomaticallyleftforeighthourswhentheyarearrested,i.e.istheircasedealtwithexpeditiously?

PACECodesofPracticeCodeCparagraphs3and5;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.1(iii)andC3(b)Detainedpersons–specialgroups;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC6Righttolegaladvice;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC3.1–3.5;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC12.3;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC12Interviewsatpolicestations;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC2.4A



Observation • Check:

- thatinformationdescribingadetainee’slegalrightsisdisplayedinvariouslanguagesandformats

- whatdetaineesaretoldabouttheirrighttoalegaladvisor- videoandaudiorecordings,especiallyifdetaineesclaimto

haveexperiencedoppressiveconduct- thatdetaineesaretoldandprovidedwithwritten

informationaboutthisentitlementandthattheirunderstandingisconfirmed

- thattheirentitlementisputintoeffect- thatthisinformationisdisplayedinthecustodysuite.

• Check:- thatimmigrationofficialshaveservedandexplainedto

detainees,inalanguagetheycanunderstand,decisiondocumentsthathaveimportantconsequencesorthataddressrightsofappeal

- thatcustodyofficerscommunicatedailywithUKBAtoexpeditecaseprogression

- thatcustodystaffknowoftheLegalServicesCommission(LSC)telephoneadvicelineandencourageimmigrationdetaineestouseit.

DetaineesAsk:• iftheyhavebeentoldaboutPACEandthattheycanconsult

acopy• iftheyhavebeeninformedoftheirrightsandentitlements

andwhethercontactwasmadeontheirbehalf.

Detainees and defence solicitorsAskiftheyhaveconcernsaboutthehandlingofdetainees’individualrights.

14. Effective mechanisms for ensuring continuity of evidence are in place.


• Thereisaforcepolicyinplaceregardingthetaking,submissionandmanagementofDNAandforensicsamples.

CCLEO1



• DNAandforensicsamplesareprocessedonwardsfromthecustodysuitewithinoneweekofbeingtaken.

• ThereisaneffectivemanagementstructureinplacetomonitortheuseoffridgesandfreezersforthestorageofDNAandforensicsamples.

Evidence

Custody staff Ask:• whattheprocedureisfortakingDNA/forensicsamples• whoisresponsiblefortheupkeepofthefridgesand

freezers.

DocumentationCheckthesubmissionrecordsforDNA/forensicsamples.

Observation Check:• thequalityandupkeepoffridgesandfreezers• thatfridgesandfreezersstoringexhibitsandDNAdonot

containanyotheritemssuchasfood• thenumberofsamplesandthedatesofcollection,including

whethertheyhavebeensubmittedforprocessing• theintegrityofforensicsamples.

15. Detainees who have been charged and refused bail appear at court promptly either in person or via video link.


Courtcutofftimesarereasonable.

Evidence

Custody officer Askwhatthearrangementsarewiththelocalcourtfortransportandvideolink.

Beijing10.2;BOP4,9,11,37;CRC37(d);ECHR5;ICCPR9;JDL17



DocumentationCheck:• custodyrecordsforthetimelinessofcourtappearances• fortheexistenceofvideolinkandusage.

Defence solicitorsAskabouttimings.

Expectations – Rights relating to treatment

16. Detainees know how to make a complaint and are enabled to do so if they wish.


• Detaineesaretoldhowtocomplainandtherearesystemsinplacetofacilitatecomplaints.

• Complaintsaretakenattheearliestpracticabletime.• Patternsandtrendsincomplaintsaremonitored.

Evidence

Custody officersAskhowdetaineesareinformedaboutcomplaintsproceduresandiftheirunderstandingisconfirmed.

DocumentationChecktherecordsofcomplaintsandtheiroutcomes.

Detainees Askiftheyhavebeenabletomakecomplaints.

BOP7,33;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.2



EXPECTATIONS

Section 4: health care

Sect

ion

4: h

ealt

h ca

re


Health care

Detainees have access to competent health care professionals who meet their physical health, mental health and substance use needs in a timely way.

Expectations – Governance

17. Detainees are cared for by health care professionals and substance use workers who have the appropriate skills and training, in a safe, professional and caring manner that respects their decency, privacy and dignity.


• Healthcareprofessionalsanddrugtreatmentworkersaresensitivetodetainees’situationsanddiverseneeds,includinglanguageneeds.

• Clinicalgovernancearrangementsincludethemanagement,trainingandsupervisionandaccountabilityofstaff.

• Patientsaretreatedbyhealthcarestaffwhoreceiveongoingtraining,supervisionandsupporttomaintaintheirprofessionalregistrationanddevelopment.Staffhavetheappropriateknowledgeandskillstomeettheparticularhealthcareneedsofdetaineesinpolicecustody.

• Clinicalexaminationsareconductedconfidentiallyunlessriskassessmentsuggestsotherwise.Treatmentroomsprovideconditionsthatmaintaindecency,privacyanddignity.Infectioncontrolfacilitiesareimplemented.Thereisatleastoneroomthatisappropriatefortakingforensicsamples,anditisclean.

• Allequipment(includingtheresuscitationkit)isreadyforuseandregularlycheckedandmaintained,andallstaff(healthcareandcustodystaff)understandhowtoaccessanduseiteffectively.

Evidence

Staff/observationAsk/observe:• whetherdetaineescanseeahealthprofessionalof

thegenderoftheirchoiceonrequestandiftherearearrangementsforachaperonetobepresentifrequired

• whatarrangementsareinplacefordetaineeswhocannotspeakEnglish,andchecktheuseofinterpretersortelephonetranslationservices

BOP1,24;CCLEO2,6;ICCPR10(1);ICESCR12(1);PME1;PPPMI1,20;RTWP62;PACECodesofPracticeCodeNote9AandC9.5–9.14;SDHP7.2.1,7.2.4,9.3,10.2.5,10.2.8,12.6.5andAppendix11,12and14;HSfW1,2,5,6,8,10,14,19,22,24,27,28;http://www.resus.org.uk/siteindx.htm



• whethertheclinicalnotesornotesmadebyarrestreferralworkersprovideevidenceofinvolvementoffamily/carers/caseworkers/advocates

• towhomstaff(FMEs,nurses,otherhealthcareprofessionals)reportinthepolice

• wheretheirlinemanagerislocated• whichclinicalgovernancearrangementsareexplicitinthe

servicelevelagreement/contractandwhethertheyincludespecificsabouttheneedforstafftoreceiveongoingtrainingandsupporttomaintainprofessionalregistration

• whoisresponsibleformonitoringthecontracts–policeand/orcontractor

• whetherdoctorsarecontractedsolelytoFMEdutieswhenondutyandwhethertheirhoursofworkareappropriate

• whereprofessionalregistrationdetailsareheldandthesystemsforverifyingregistration

• whatthearrangementsareforclinicalsupervision• whattraining,supervisionandsupporthealthcare

staffreceive,andwhethertheyfeeltheyhavetheskills,knowledgeandcompetenciestomeetthehealthcareneedsofalldetainees

• theconditionoftreatmentrooms,infectioncontrolmeasuresandprocedures,whethertheyprovidedecencyandprivacy,andiftheyaresolelyfortheuseofhealthprofessionals

• whetherresuscitationequipmentisreadilyavailable,includingequipmentforthemaintenanceofanairway,oxygenanddefibrillator

• whetherallstaffknowthelocationofresuscitationequipment,howtouseitandiftheyreceiveannualresuscitationtraining.

DocumentsCheck:• thecontractspecification/servicelevelagreement• theclinicalgovernancepolicy• staffrotas• trainingregistersandtrainingplansrelevanttotheservice

beingdelivered• theinfectioncontrolpolicy;regularaudits;cleaningschedules• documentedchecksofresuscitationequipment.



Detainees Speaktodetaineesabouttheirtreatmentandwhethertheirdiverseneedsarerespected.

Observe• Interactionsbetweendetaineesandhealthcarestaff.• Thetimegivenforeachconsultation.• Consultations(withthedetainee’spermission).

Expectations – Patient care

18. Detainees are asked if they wish to see a health care professional and are able to request to see one at any time, for both physical and mental health needs, and are treated appropriately.


• Eachdetaineeseenbyhealthcarestaffhasaclinicalrecordcontaininganuptodateassessmentandanycareplanconformstoprofessionalguidancefromtheregulatorybodies.Theethnicityofthedetaineeisalsorecorded.

• Anycontactwithadoctororotherhealthcareprofessionalisalsorecordedinthecustodyrecord,andarecordmadeofanymedicationprovided.Theresultsofanyclinicalexaminationaremadeavailabletothedetaineeand,withdetaineeconsent,his/herlawyer.

• Treatmentsareappropriatetotheclinicalneedsofthedetainee.

Evidence

Staff Ask:• whattheprocedureisforcallingahealthprofessional• whatthearrangementsareforrecordinghealth

interventionsandtransferringinformationaboutmedicationtothecustodyrecord

• howtheconsentofdetaineesisobtainedandhowtheresultsofclinicalexaminationsaresharedwithdetaineesandtheirlegalrepresentatives

• whatthearrangementsareforoutofhourscover• howstaffcheckmentalcapacity.

BOP24,26;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);PME1;PPPMI1,20;PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.15–9.17;HSfW2,3,7,8,25,26;SDHP7.2



Documentation• Check:

- thatasampleofclinicalrecordsfromthelastsixmonthsincludesthedetainee’ssignaturetodetermineconsentforthesharingofinformation,arecordofthedetainee’sethnicity,theproblemsexperienced,thediagnosis,treatment,careplanandreferralletters

- thatrecordsarekeptconfidentially,inlinewithCaldicottguidelines

- recordofcallsandresponsemonitoring- complaintsconcerninghealthcareprovision.

• Cross-referenceclinicalrecordswithcustodyrecords.

DetaineesAskwhethertheirhealthneedshavebeenmet.

Defence solicitorsAsk:• whetherthedetaineestheyrepresenthavemadeany

complaintsconcerninghealthcareprovision• iftheresultsofadetainee’sclinicalexaminationareshared• whethertheirconsentissoughtinadvance.

Observation Observewhethercustodystaffofferdetaineestheopportunitytoseeahealthservicesprofessional.

19. Detainees receive prescribed medication if needed.


• Allmedicationsonsitearestoredsafelyandsecurely,anddisposedofsafelyifnotconsumed.Thereissafepharmaceuticalstockmanagementanduse.

• Detaineesareprescribedmedicationtomeetanyclinicalsigns,symptomsorconditions.

• Detaineesreceivemedicationtoproviderelieffordrugandalcoholwithdrawalsymptomsifclinicallyindicated.

• Prescribedmedicationisreceivedatthedesignatedtimes.

BOP24,26;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);PACECodesofPracticeCodeC9.9–9.12and9.15–9.17;SDHP7.2.4;HSfW7



Evidence

StaffAsk:• whattheproceduresarefortheprescribingand

administrationofmedications• howliaisonbetweenhealthcarestaff,drug/alcoholreferral

workersorcommunitydrugsworkersfunctions• howprescribedmedicationsareobtained,whoisable

toadministerthemedications,andhowadministeredmedicationsarerecorded

• aboutthearrangementsforthestorage,dispensinganddisposalofpharmaceuticals,andwhethertheyareappropriatelylabelled

• howstocklevelsofmedicationsaredecided,reviewed,recordedandmonitored

• howtheadministrationofmedicationsisrecorded• ifhealthprofessionalscarrymedicationsand,ifso,whether

theyareinasecurecontaineratalltimes• whetherhealthcarestaffhave24-houraccesstothe

supportofapharmacist• ifmedicationsthatarebroughtinbythedetaineeare

returnedtothemwhentheyarereleased.

DetaineesAskaboutaccesstoprescribedmedicationanddrug/alcoholwithdrawalrelief.

Expectations – Substance use

20. Detainees are offered the services of a drugs or alcohol arrest referral worker where appropriate and referred to community drugs/alcohol teams or prison drugs workers as necessary.


Aserviceisprovidedforalldrugandalcoholusers. BOP24;CCLEO6;ICESCR12(1);

cont.



Evidence

StaffAsk:• whatarrangementsareinplacetoprovideservicesand

liaisonbetweenhealthcarestaff,drug/alcoholreferralworkersandcommunitydrugsworkers

• whethertheservicesincludechildren.

ObservationAredetaineeswhoaretobereleasedintothecommunityofferedcleanneedlesbydrugreferralworkers?

DetaineesAskwhethertheyhavebeenofferedtheservicesofadrugoralcoholarrestreferralworker.

Expectations – Mental health

RTWP62;SDHP–custodyprocessmap

21. A liaison and/or diversion scheme enables detainees with mental health problems to be identified and diverted into appropriate mental health services, or referred on to prison health services.


• Theschemeexistsandtherearearrangementsforreferral.• Staffhaveanawarenessofmentalhealthissues,their

identificationanddealingwiththem.

Evidence

StaffAskwhatworkswellandwhatthebarriersaretoeffectiveness.

ObservationCheck:• thepublishedrotaformentalhealthstaffcoverandoncall

arrangements• thatthereareinformationsharingprotocolsinplaceto

ensurethatthereisefficientsharingofrelevanthealthandsocialcareinformation

• themonitoringofresponsetimesandoutcomes.

BOP24;CCLEO6;CRPD14;ICESCR12(1);PPPMI1,9,20;SDHP2.4.5



22. Police custody is not used as a place of safety for section 136 Mental Health Act (1983) (MHA) assessments.


• Therearelocalarrangementsinplacewiththerelevantmentalhealthtrust.

• TherearearrangementsinplacewithlocalauthoritiesforassessmentsundertheMentalHealthAct.

• DetailsandmanagementinformationarekeptinrespectofSection136detainees.

• StandardiseddatacollectionontheuseofSection136isroutinelyreviewed.

• Thepolicearerepresentedonliaisongroupsoralocalmulti-agencySection136group,whichmonitorstheuseofSection136,identifiesanyproblemswithinteragencyworkinganddevelopssolutionstoaddressproblems.

ObservationCheck:• localprotocols• thenatureofthelocalarrangements–lookforexclusion

clausesthatmightresultinpolicecustodybeingusedasaplaceofsafety

• thetimescalesforpolicetocontactanapprovedmentalhealthpractitionerforaninitialassessmenttobegin,andthattimescalesaremet

• thearrangementsmadeformedicalattendanceinSection136cases

• anyissuesthathaverisenovertransferbetweentheplaceofsafetyandthetimescalesrecorded

• theSection136suiteatlocalNHSfacilities.

DetaineesAskabouthowtheywereconveyedtotheplaceofsafety(ambulance/policetransport)andtheinformationgivenabouttheirrights.

ICCPR9;ICESCR12(1);PPPMI9,20;PACECodesofPracticeCodeCAnnexE;SDHP2.4.5,3.4



EXPECTATIONS

Annex: list of abbreviations

Anne

x: li

st o

f abb

revi

atio

ns


Annex: List of abbreviations

International human rights instruments

Legally binding

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child

CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

Normative

Beijing United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

BOP Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment

BPRL Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers

BPUF Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials

CCLEO Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials

DEDRB Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief

DHRIN Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who are not Nationals of the Country in which They Live

DRM Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities

JDL United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty

PME Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

POP United Nations Principles for Older Persons

PPPMI Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care

Annex: list of abbreviations


RTWP United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules)

UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Regional human rights instrumentsLegally binding

ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

Additional acronymsPACE Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Code C sets out the requirements for the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects in police custody other than in terrorism cases to which Code H applies

SDHP Safer Detention and Handling of Persons in Police Custody (2006)

ReferencesEquality Act 2010

Mental Capacity Act 2005

Mental Health Act 1983, Code of Practice (updated 2008) Ch. 10

Standards for Better Health (2004)

UK Border Agency (2011), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance: Detention and Temporary Release, Ch. 55

HM Inspectorate of Prisons is a member of the UK’s National Preventive Mechanism, a group of organisations which independently monitor all places of detention to meet the requirements of international human rights law.

EXPECTATIONS FOR POLICE CUSTODY


Date post:	08-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	lykiet
View:	222 times
Download:	0 times