Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) - eine ...

J. Dorn, September 2016

Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) - eine Schlüsseltechnologie für unsere Stromversorgung

SIEMENS

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Page 2

Introduction and Basics

Converter Topologies in HVDC and used Semiconductors

■ Technology of L ine-Commutated Current Sourced Converters (LCC) and project examples

■ Technology of Self-commutated V oltage S ourced Converter (VSC) and project examples

Summary

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Summary


Fundamental changes in the business of electrical energy

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Distributed Energy Systems

Transmission Distribution and Consumption

From centralized power and unidirectional grid ...

... to Decentral and Distributed Energy Systems and bidirectional balancing

r

1 Changing generation mix2 Generation capacity additions

4 Decentralization(public/private)5 Refurbishment/upgrades

Page 4 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

What is HVDC? Why HVDC?

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AC Grid 1 4 P► AC Grid 2

Com pared to AC transm ission HVDC has a num ber of advantages:

■ Long overhead lines with high transmission Capacity, low transm issionlosses and reduced right-of-w ay ►!

■ Cable transm issions with low losses and without limitation in length

■ Asynchronous grids can be interconnected

■ Increase of transmission capacity without increasing short circuit currents

■ Fast control of power flow, independent from AC conditions

■ Firewall against cascading disturbances, active pow er oscillation dam ping

Page 6 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft ►I

Comparison of Tower Geometry AC vs. DC SIEMENS

Comparison of Towers for 800 kV AC Line a) and 500 kV DC Line b), at same Transmission Capacity of 3,000 MW


HVDC ApplicationsSIEMENS

Long Distance OHL

DC Cable

A C-i ¥-ACSystem A ^^DC^Cable^^ System B

Back-to-Back


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HVDC Classic vs. VSC HVDC

AC Grid 1 ◄p

► AC Grid 2

HVDC Classic VSC HVDC

Line-commutated current-source converter (LCC)

Self-commutated voltage-source converter (VSC)

Thyristors with turn-on capability only Semiconductor Switches with turn-onand turn-off capability, IGBTs


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Summary


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HVDC Classic: Basic Converter Design

L Rh

Key Components of a typical Bipolar Classic HVDC Converter Station

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A C - Ä ----------------------------- -- ¥ -AC

1. AC Switchyard 4. Converter Valves / Valve Hall

2. AC Filters 5. Smoothing Reactors and DC Filters

3. Transformers 6. DC Switchyard


Blo

ckin

g V

olta

ge [

kV]

Development of Thyristor Blocking Voltages and Silicon Area in HVDC Converters

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~ 28 .000

thyris to rs / 1000 MW (for both stations)

8 0

7,0

6,01

5,01

4 0

3.0

2.0

1 0

~ 800

thyris to rs / 1000 MW

I D irect LightT riggering | 8 5kv

T t

30.000

^/.000

24.000

DC-Current: 6250 A

5000 A, 6''

1970 1975 1980

Page 13 26.09.2016

1985 1990 1995 2000

18.000

15.000

12.000

9.000

6.000

< 600

thy ris to rs / 1000 MW 0

2005 2010 2015

Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

Si

Are

a in

mm

2

HVDC Thyristor Module (2x13 Thyristors) SIEMENS

64 5

Seite 14 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

Suspended Thyristor Modules ensure excellent seismic Performance (Gui-Guang I)

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Page 15 Energietag 2016 des Arbi KE) »Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellsi ift

HVDC Classic - Valve Hall and Station SIEMENS


COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector Indoor AC Yard

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Page 17 rgietag 2016 des ArbeitskreisesE^ergie (AKE)deoÖster^ejjCfrischenPhvsikalischenEi

The 800 kV Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Project SIEMENS

Length of DC Line:2071 km

DC Voltage:± 800 kV

DC Current:4000 A (continuously)

Transmission Capacity:6400 MW (continuously)

iF e n g x ia n[c o n v e rte rs ta tio n

F u lo n gc o n v e r te rs ta tio n


800 kV Converter Station SIEMENS

400 kV nr<

} kV De**“

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellscha

UHVDC - 800 kV Valve Hall AC Bushings and Transformer Circuitry

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800 kV Overhead Line Xiangjiaba-ShanghaiSIEMENS

4000A

4000A

+ 800kV 800kV

6400MW

with these two lines


* -

L i.i. nVli

• 1i4 d U M f t b j i » T ^ -f -

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Summary


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General features of VSC HVDC

Grid access of w eak AC networks

High dynam ic perform ance

Independent control o f active and reactive pow er

Supply o f passive netw orks and black start capability

Sm all space requirem ents


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monitoring, cooling plates


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Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) Approach

Uac

Udp

Udn

Small Voltage Steps

Small rates of voltage rise

Low switching frequencies

Advantages:

Low em ission of electromagnetic HF fields

Filters and shielding usually not necessary

Low electrical losses


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MMC - Modularity

*•

PLUSCONTROL™

PM Electronics

l

+

o ■

Submodule


Converter armsoperated as controlled voltage sources

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Uc(t) t

t tSeite 27 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Voltage generation

- t

Uc(t )

i

[ 2

r

A)

a)

[1

2

rn

t

t t

AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Module Voltages:

26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen GesellschaftSeite 28

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All currents controlled by converter arm voltages

-t

Uc(t) T

T T


High system availability and reliability due to redundancy concept

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Phase Unit Submodule (SM)

R eq u irem en ts :• No in te rrup tion o f

ope ra tion in ca se o f a leve l fau lt

• A leve l fau lt d oe s not in flu en ce su rrou n d in g

S o lu t io n :• B u ilt- in level

redundancy (som e percent)

• Fa s t and h igh -re liab le b ypa ss -sw itch


Handling of DC pole-to-pole fault by using a protection thyristor

o - -1

SM Electronics

I G B T 1 DD1I| IGBT2 D2

f2

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M odularer Aufbau des Strom richters (1)

26.09.2016Source: Siemens AG

Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen GesellschaftSeite 32

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Modularer Aufbau des Stromrichters (2)

H

Source: Siemens AGSeite 33 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

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Components and subsystems

Switchyard Transformers Star Point Reactor

üb

Insertion Resistor Bypass Switch

rin e i-

Current Measuring Devices

Control, Protection and Monitoring System

ConverterReactors DC Switchyard Transmission

Path

r \

r

\ h mu —

n

UBfr

v |>Bb

To/ from other Station

O — H r

Seite 34 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft►I

Transbay Cable Bird’s eye view

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Source: S iem ens AG


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Increase of Power Rating of MMCs

Transbay Cab le 400 M W 2010HelW in 1 576 M W 2014

HelW in 2 690 M W 2015SylW in 1 864 M W 2015BorW in 2 800 M W 2015

Inelfe 2 x 1000 M W 2015BorW in 3 900 M W 2019

Com m ercial operation.\

►

/

All platforms in commercial operation!

Com m ercial operation.


iwtw

uw

INELFE, France-SpainOverview

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Customer INELFE (RTE and REE)

Project Name INELFE

Location Balxas, France - Santa Llogala, Spain

Power Rating 2 x 1000 MW

Type of Plant HVDC PLUS

Voltage Levels ± 320 kV DC AC 400 kV, 50 Hz

Distance 65 km underground cable

Semiconductors IGBT


SIEMENSINELFE, France-SpainWorldwide biggest VSC HVDC System with 2000 MW capacity


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Page 39





Summary


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Comparison of LCC and VSC technology

Line-commutated Converter Technology: Self-commutated VSC Technology:

> Reactive power demand Reactive power controllable

> High efforts for filtering Low or even no filtering efforts resulting on lower space requirement

> Requirements for short circuit power Weak and passive networks can be connected; black start capability

> Block of converter in case of AC faults ^ Fault ride through capability

Very low losses >

> Operational experience since middle of last century

>

> DC current up to 6.25 kA plus additional overload capability 10 GWs @ +/- 800kV)

> Maximum DC current per converter around 2 kA

> Higher efforts for multi-terminal systems due to polarity reversal

> Multi-terminal simpler due to fixed voltage polarity

> Inherent DC fault clearing capability r

DC fault clearing capability

Best solution depends on required transmission capacity, other requirements and circumstancesSeite 40 26.09.2016 Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKE) der Österreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

Thank you for your attention SIEMENS

Jörg DornHead of R&D Transmission Solutions Siemens AG

www.siemens.com/answers

Energietag 2016 des Arbeitskreises Energie (AKF1 r i p r fWprrpirhic;p.hfin Physikalischen F jP R P l lR r . h f l f t

http://www.siemens.com/answers

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Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) - eine ...

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