Home Automation 3

7/28/2019 Home Automation 3

1/44

HOME AUTOMATION &

CONTROL

John Errington


2/44

WHY HOME AUTOMATION?

Your security system knows all about your occupancy

of the house. With a little more development it can

build an intelligent expert system to predict your

usage, and for example turn the alarm on if you

forget.

Your central heating programmer knows the

standards of comfort you expectbut doesnt know

which rooms are in use.

By linking just these two you could achieve areduction in fuel costs and a better match to your

requirements.


3/44

APPLICATIONS

The applications are limited only by your imagination:

Turning lights down / off at night.

Operating outside lights

Turning lights or radio on / off when someoneapproaches the house, simulating occupancy

Operating television, hot water heater, kettle, toaster

etc. ready for your use.

Optimizing use of low cost electricity (economy 7) Working with intelligent electrical white goods e.g.

washing machine, fridge, microwave etc.


4/44

WHAT IS HOME AUTOMATION?

Home automation deals with providing a

network in the house which links

computers & peripheral equipment, smart chip bearing household appliances

(white goods) e.g. dish washers, washing

machines, microwaves etc., and

sub-systems like Heating, Ventilation, Air-

conditioning (HVAC), and security

systems.


5/44

Showing some applications of X-10 and

European Home System (EHS) for home automation


6/44

ADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION

Flexibility & Convenience

Security

Cost Saving

Security

Remote Control


7/44

EXAMPLE OF APPLICATIONS FOR HOME

AUTOMATION SYSTEM


8/44

HISTORY & EARLY DEVELOPMENTS

Earliest home control systems were proposed by Hitachi & Matsushita

in 1978.

First home automation blue prints and demonstrations held by

Japanese Electrical Appliance manufacturers like Sanyo, Sony,

Toshiba etc.

Honeywells first demonstration house started in 1978.

American X 10 system appeared in 1979.

Two rival programs CEBus and Smart House started in the early 1980s

in the US.

GE reported their multimedia home bus signaling protocol Homenet in

1983. Total Home system launched in 1992.

GIS, Home Automation Ltd. MK Electric took the initiative in Europe.


9/44

THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS AND

STANDARDISATION

A definite set of rules were needed for products to communicate

with each other and some sort of control unit was needed to

control these various products.

Resolving Contention

Integrating various transmission media.

System Architecture two alternatives

Centralized Control

Distributed Control


10/44

HOME AUTOMATION AROUND THE WORLD


11/44

TYPES OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

PC-based system: Requires a PC to be running at all

times.

Dedicated PC

Shared PC

Standalone system: Runs without a PC, although

may use a PC for programming

Hybrid system: Runs without a PC, but uses PC to

add more functions.


12/44

STANDARDS

BatiBUS Club International (BCI)

Bluetooth

CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus)

EIA-776

EIB (European Installation Bus)

EHS (European Home System)

ETI (Extend the Internet Alliance)

HAVI (Home Audio Visual Interoperability)

HBS (Home Bus System) HES (Home Electronic System)

Home API

Home Plug & Play


13/44

STANDARDS - CONTINUED

Home Plug Alliance

Home PNA (Home Phoneline and network Alliance)

Home RF (Home Radia Frequency working Group)

JINI (The Jini Community)

LonMark Interoperability Association OSGI (Open Service Gateway Initiative)

Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance

Upnp (Universal Plug and Play)

VESA (Video Electronics Standards Assoc.)

PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATIONS HomeConnex-Peracom Networks , No New Wires- Intellon

Corp, Lonworks-Echelon Corp., Sharewave-Sharewave Inc. , X-10-X10 Inc.


14/44

X-10: THE FATHER OF POWERLINE

HOME AUTOMATION PROTOCOLS

X-10 is a communications protocol for remote control of

electrical devices. Consists of X-10 transmitters and receivers

which communicate over the existing standard household

wiring.

X-10 is a trademark of X-10 USA and of X-10 Home Controls

Incorporated (Canada).

X-10 PLC technology was initially developed between 1976 and

1978 by engineers at Pico Electronics Ltd. in Scotland. A

merger with BSR International established X-10 Ltd. in 1978.


15/44

X-10 SPECIFICATIONS

Transmitters and receivers plug into standard electrical outlets orare hardwired into electrical boxes.

They have three main functions(turn on, turn off and dim)

Simplest Transmitter: A small control box with buttons to select theunit to be controlled and to select the control command to be sent.

Programmable units having on board timers to select times at whichcontrol signals are sent. Programming is done with on board buttonsor through PC.

Special purpose X10 transmitters respond to motion, light or DTMF(telephone) tones

Simplest Receiver: A small module plugged into an electrical outletprovides controlled power to the controlled device. It has two dials toset the unit ID code on it.

A relay inside switches on and off in response to X-10 commandsdirected to it. A lamp module has a triac instead of a relay.


16/44

Examples of X-10 devices


17/44

X-10: LIMITING RANGE OF TRANSMISSION

The next slide shows how X10 uses bursts of 120kHz

signal superimposed onto the house mains supply,

shown as one of the three supply phases.

This means interference can only occur with one in

three neighbouring houses.

X10 also uses a house code (A P) that can be

adjusted to be different to the remaining neighbours.


18/44

X-10: Signals are sent at the zero crossing for each phase of

the electricity supply ensuring successful communication


19/44

X-10 SPECIFICATIONS CONTINUED

X-10 specifies a total of 256 different addresses.

Each transmitter is selectable by a unique house

code out of a total of 16 house codes (A-P).

Each transmitter can further handle a total of 16

receiving units corresponding to 16 different unit

codes (1-16)


20/44

X-10: INTERFACE WITH A COMPUTER

The PC can control the X-10 modules via the CP290

Home Control Interface.

Other X10 modules to interface computers directly to

the power line are

PL513 (send only)

W523 (send & receive) and

PLIX (Power Line interface to X-10)


21/44

X-10 TRANSMISSION DETAILS

Each ONE bit in a legitimate X 10 transmission is a 1

millisecond(ms) pulse code modulated burst of 120KHz on the

AC line and each ZERO is the absence of such a burst. The

burst is sent three times for each bit once at each AC zero

crossing( accounting for zero crossing in 3-phase).

Each bit is sent both true and complemented and each code

sequence is sent twice to overcome the noise over the line.

Bit sequence for a typical X10 transmission:

1 1 1 0 H8 /H8 H4 /H4 H2 /H2 H1 /H1 D8 /D8 D4 /D4 D2 /D2 D1 /D1 F /F

(start) (House code) (Unit/Function code)


22/44

X-10: Example of transmitted signal

Leader 1110

House code (A P)

D = 0011

Unit code (1 16)

13 = 1100

Function (1 on or 0 off)

on = 1

House and unit codes

A 1 0000 I 9 1000

B 2 0001 J 10 1001

C 3 0010 K 11 1010D 4 0011 L 12 1011

E 5 0100 M 13 1100

F 6 0101 N 14 1101

G 7 0110 O 15 1110H 8 0111 P 16 1111

Transmitted signal: 1110 01011010 10100101 10


23/44

CEBus COMMUNICATIONS

PROTOCOL

A United States standard developed by the Electronics Industry

Association (EIA).

Resulted from the standardization of infrared signaling used for remote

control of appliances to avoid incompatible or interfering formats.

CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) became an interim standard in 1992

and voting to make it a national standard commenced in 1995.

Huge participation and interest in the CEBus protocol. Committee

meetings were attended by more than 400 companies.


24/44

FEATURES OF CEBus WHICH ALLOW

FLEXIBILITY AND COST CONTROL.

Provide home automation for retrofit into existing houses.

Encourages development of low cost interface units embedded

in appliances for operation on CEBus media

Accommodate a variety of data transmission media. Most

aspects of device communications do not vary by medium. Supports the distribution of wide band audio and video services

in a variety of analog and digital formats.

Use of a distributed communications strategy for CEBus so no

central controller is required for communications among

appliances. Permit Plug and Play.

Prioritize device access.


25/44

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

IN THE CEBus PROTOCOL

The CEBus standard accommodates the

following transmission media:

Electric power line

Twisted-pair wires Coaxial cable

Infrared signaling

Radio frequency signaling

Fiber optics

Audio-video bus


26/44

ADVANTAGES OF CEBus

Home automation can be installed without additional

wiring

Power line is used for data exchange and infrared or

radio frequency used for remote control of devices.


27/44

AEI EasyLife Home Control Pack

Simple to install. Just plug in theadaptors and operate from theremote control

Additionally you can control theadaptors from your PC

Simple to program - Just insert

the CD and follow the simpleinstructions

Simple to control - just point andclick on the icons with yourmouse

Transmits code through wallsand ceilings

Expandable using up to 60Remote Automation adaptorsincluding mains adaptors,bayonet fittings and wire inmodules


28/44

CONTROL CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS

All media carry the CEBus control channel and data

transmission rate is common at 8000 bits per second.

They can also carry data channels with high

bandwidths.

CEBus specifies a dual coaxial system.

The format for CEBus control messages is

independent of the communications medium used.


29/44

CEBus Devices and Topology

Supports flexible topology

Offers broadcasting facility

Uses Distributed Control.


30/44

CEBus network showing three communication

media interconnected by routers.


31/44

Block diagram of CEBus installation in home


32/44

HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES)

Standard under development by a formal working Group

sanctioned by the ISO and the IEC(International

Electrotechnical Commission) of Geneva, Switzerland.

GOAL

To specify hardware and software so a manufacturer might

offer one version of a product that could operate on a variety

of home automation networks.

Following components specified to accomplish the above goal

Universal Interface

Command LanguageHomeGate


33/44

HES APPLICATION MODELS AND

FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

For devices to be interoperable choice of observability and

controllability must be consistent among various devices.

An application model describes the engineering aspects of a

device that can be read, written, or executed via a home

automation network.

All safety critical messages sent over the network must be

confirmed.

IEC defines functional safety as the ability of a home control

system to carry out the actions necessary to achieve and

maintain an appropriate level of safety both under normal

conditions and in case of a fault or hazard.


34/44

HES SYSTEM COMPONENTS

UNIVERSAL INTERFACE

To achieve the goal of compatibility of any device with any other

network the appliance has a universal interface that includes a

standard data plug.


35/44

HES COMPONENTS CONTD.

HES Application Language

The HES language must accommodate a superset of

commands for the likely networks. It may not optimize

operation on any one home automation system but it lowers

costs when selling into a diverse market. Homegate

The function of a gateway is primarily to translate between a

wide area network (WAN) protocol and a local area network

(LAN)


36/44

HOME PLUG & PLAY (HPnP)

Seamless integration and interoperation of devices irrespective

of the physical protocol.

Use of CAL

HPnP and protocols like CEBus provide a consumer with the

convenience of buying a device and just plugging it in. Thedevice just announces itself on the network and no other or

minimal further programming is needed to make it work.

Advantages:

Allows a consumer to control his home from home, work or

from on the road. Coupled with CEBus protocol provides aconnectivity unparalleled by any other methodology.

Effort is being made to integrate CAL and IP.


37/44

SWAP: HomeRF Working Group

The HRFWG was formed to provide the foundation for a broad

range of interoperable consumer devices by establishing an

open industry specification for wireless digital communication

between PCs and consumer electronic devices anywhere in and

around the home.

For this they developed a protocol called the SWAP (Shared

Wireless Access Protocol)

This protocol gives the standard interoperability between many

different consumer electronics devices as well as the flexibility

and mobility of a wireless solution.

Since its inception in March 1998 the membership now exceeds

90 companies.


38/44

SHARED WIRELESS ACCESS PROTOCOL

Allows PCs, peripherals, phones, and consumer

electronics to communicate with one another without

having to interconnect them with wires.

SWAP operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band. Protocolarchitecture closely resembles the IEEE 802.11

wireless LAN standards in the physical layer.

In the MAC layer it adds a subset of DECT standards

to provide voice services. As a result it can supportboth data and voice services.


39/44

BENEFITS OF SWAP

Allows shared access of Internet connections from anywhere in

the house.

Automatic intelligent routing of incoming telephone calls to one

or more cordless handsets, FAX machines or voice mailboxes of

individual family members.

Cordless handset access to an integrated message system to

review stored voice mail, FAXes and e-mail.

Personal intelligent agents running on the PC for each family

member, accessed by speaking into cordless handsets.

Wireless LANs allowing users to share files and peripheralsbetween one or more PCs.

Spontaneous control of home security systems, heating and air

conditioning systems from anywhere around the home.


40/44

TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE SWAP SPEC

HomeRF SWAP system is designed to carry both

voice and data traffic and to interoperate with PSTN

Supports both TDMA and CSMA/CA


41/44

SWAP SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Frequency hopping network - 50 hops per second

Frequency range - 2400 MHz ISM band

Transmission power - 100mW

Data Rate 1 to 2 Mbps depending on type ofmodulation

Range - covers typical home and yard

Supported Stations Up to 127 devices per network

Voice Connections Up to 6 full duplex conversations Data compression, Data security and 48 bit network ID


42/44

SWAP NETWORK TOPOLOGY

SWAP system can operate either as an ad-hoc

network or as a managed network.

The network can accommodate a maximum of 127

nodes. These nodes can be a mixture of 4 basic

types

Connection Point

Voice terminal

Data node

Voice and Data node.


43/44

OTHER STANDARDS

BatiBus

A de facto European standard.

BatiBUS is a single bus enablingintercommunications between all the modules

(CPUs, sensors and actuators) in building controlsystems such as heating, air conditioning, lightingand closure functions. Medium is usually a twistedpair.

User friendly protocol based on CSMA/CA

HomePlug

Another Powerline Alliance which uses Powerlineas a communication medium.


44/44

Resources

www.x-10europe.com/ supplier of X-10 modules

www.x-10.co.uk/

www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.html

www.easylife.co.uk/
http://www.x-10europe.com/http://www.x-10.co.uk/http://www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.htmlhttp://www.easylife.co.uk/http://www.easylife.co.uk/http://www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.htmlhttp://www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.htmlhttp://www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.htmlhttp://www.x-10.co.uk/http://www.x-10.co.uk/http://www.x-10.co.uk/http://www.x-10europe.com/http://www.x-10europe.com/http://www.x-10europe.com/

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	madhu-lekha-madhu
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times

Home Automation 3

Documents